2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)71

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Mybosshasalwaysattendedtothe___ofimportantbusinesshimself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transaction

B.stimulation

C.transition

D.solution

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)transaction“交易；事務(wù)；辦理；會(huì)報(bào)，學(xué)報(bào)”；B選項(xiàng)stimulation“刺激；激勵(lì)，鼓舞”；C選項(xiàng)transition“過渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；[分子生物]轉(zhuǎn)換；變調(diào)”；D選項(xiàng)solution“解決方案；溶液；溶解；解答”。句意：我的老板總是親自處理重要事務(wù)。A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Mr.ObamaisthefirstpresidentsinceRichardM.Nixontobe______andelectedwhilelivinginacityneighborhood.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appointed

B.nominated

C.represented

D.positioned

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)appointed“任命；約定；命令；受權(quán)處置的”；B選項(xiàng)nominated“提名……為候選人；任命的”；C選項(xiàng)represented“代表；表現(xiàn)；描寫”；D選項(xiàng)positioned“放置；確定……的位置”。句意：奧巴馬是自理查德?M?尼克松（RichardM.Nixon）以來，第一位居住在城市社區(qū)并被提名和選舉的總統(tǒng)。根據(jù)句意，C項(xiàng)以及D項(xiàng)都可排除，A項(xiàng)appointed的意思是“任命；委任”，指不經(jīng)過選擇的官方委任，也可排除。B選項(xiàng)nominated通常指為某一公職的候選人，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Inasense,thenewprotectionismisnotprotectionismatall,atleastnotinthetraditionalsenseoftheterm.Theoldprotectionismreferredonlytotraderestrictingandtradeexpandingdevices,suchasthetarifforexportsubsidy.Thenewprotectionismismuchbroaderthanthis:itincludesinterventionsintoforeigntradebutisnotlimitedtothem.Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade.Theemphasisontradeisstillthere,thuscametheterm“protection.”Butwhatisnewistherealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.

TheemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworldreflectsthevictoryoftheinterventionist,orwelfareeconomyoverthemarketeconomy.JabTumilerwrites,“Theoldprotectionism...coexisted,withoutanyapparentintellectualdifficultywiththeacceptanceofthemarketasanationalaswellasaninternationaleconomicdistributionmechanism-indeed,protectionistsaswellas(ifnotmorethan)freetradersstoodforlaissezfaire.Now,asinthe1930s,protectionismisanexpressionofaprofoundskepticismastotheabilityofthemarkettodistributeresourcesandincomestosocieties’satisfaction.”Itispreciselythisprofoundskepticismofthemarketeconomythatisresponsiblefortheprotectionism.Inamarketeconomy,economicchangeofvariouscolorsimpliesredistributionofresourcesandincomes.Thesameopinioninmanycommunitiesapparentlyisthatsuchredistributionsoftenarenotproper.Therefore,thegovernmentintervenestobringaboutamoredesiredresult.

ThevictoryofthewelfarestateisalmostcompleteinnorthernEurope.InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.GovernmenttraditionallyhasplayedaveryactiveroleineconomiclifeinFranceandcontinuedtodoso.OnlyWestGermanydarestogoagainstthetidetowardsexcessiveinterventionisminWesternEurope.ItalsohappenstobethemostsuccessfulWesternEuropeaneconomy.

ThewelfarestatehasmadesignificantprogressintheUnitedStatesaswellasinWesternEurope.Socialsecurity,unemploymentinsurance,minimumwagelaws,andrentcontrolarebynowtraditionalwelfarestateelementsontheAmericanscene.

1.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing______.

2.Theword“virtually”(ParA.1)isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTacharacteristicofawelfarestatementionedinthispassage?

4.Whichofthefollowinginferencesistrue,accordingtothispassage?

5.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedefinitionofthenewprotectionism

B.thedifferencebetweennewandoldprotectionism

C.theemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworld

D.thesignificanceofthewelfarestate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.genuinely

B.really

C.nearly

D.particularly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Freeeducationisavailabletoachild

B.Lawsaremadetofixtheminimumwage

C.Ajoblesspersoncanbeinsured

D.Thereareregulationsforrent

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theeconomydevelopedfasterinwelfarestatesthaninnon-welfarestates

B.Inthe1930s,protectionismbegantorise

C.Thenewprotectionismissocalledmainlybecauseitisthelatest

D.GovernmentplaysamoreactiveroleineconomiclifeinNorthernEuropethaninGreatBritain

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whendidthenewprotectionismarise

B.WhyisthenewprotectionismsopopularinnorthernEuropeancountries

C.Whydoesthegovernmentinterveneineconomiclife

D.DoestheAmericangovernmentplayamoreactiveroleineconomiclifethantheBritishgovernment

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知是“新保護(hù)主義”的出現(xiàn)以及產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。A選項(xiàng)“新保護(hù)主義的定義”過于片面，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“新舊保護(hù)主義的區(qū)別”也是講述了一個(gè)方面，也可排除。D選項(xiàng)“福利國家的意義”也不符合題意，可排除，因此C選項(xiàng)“西方新保護(hù)主義的興起”正確。

2.詞義辨析題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“therealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.”中文翻譯為：幾乎所有政府活動(dòng)都會(huì)影響國際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)“真誠地；真正地”，B選項(xiàng)“真正地”，C選項(xiàng)“幾乎”，D選項(xiàng)“尤其”。根據(jù)“政府的一切活動(dòng)都會(huì)影響國際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系”，這句話太過于絕對(duì)，可排除A、B選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)與題意不符，也可排除，由此可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“awelfarestate”可定位到文中最后兩段，中文翻譯：福利國家的勝利在北歐幾乎已經(jīng)完成。在瑞典、挪威、芬蘭、丹麥和荷蘭，政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活幾乎所有方面的干預(yù)都被認(rèn)為是正常的。在英國，這只是稍微有點(diǎn)不真實(shí)。在法國，政府傳統(tǒng)上在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中扮演著非常積極的角色，并將繼續(xù)這樣做。只有西德膽敢逆著西歐過度干預(yù)主義的潮流而動(dòng)。它也是最成功的西歐經(jīng)濟(jì)體。福利國家在美國和西歐都取得了重大進(jìn)展。社會(huì)保障、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)、最低工資法和租金管制現(xiàn)在都是美國社會(huì)的傳統(tǒng)福利要素。A選項(xiàng)“兒童可以接受免費(fèi)教育”不符合上述列表。B選項(xiàng)“最低工資法”、C“失業(yè)者投保”、D選項(xiàng)“租房有規(guī)定”均符合美國傳統(tǒng)福利要素。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“福利國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)比非福利國家發(fā)展得更快”，文中并未提及，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)30年代，保護(hù)主義開始興起”。與句中“在20世紀(jì)30年代，保護(hù)主義是對(duì)市場(chǎng)分配資源和收入以使社會(huì)滿意的能力的一種深刻懷疑的表現(xiàn)”不符，也可排除。C選項(xiàng)“所謂新保護(hù)主義，主要是因?yàn)樗亲钚碌摹?，理解錯(cuò)誤，不符合題意，也可排除。D選項(xiàng)“在北歐，政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中扮演著比英國更積極的角色”，可定位到文中第三段“InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.”中文翻譯：在瑞典、挪威、芬蘭、丹麥和荷蘭，政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活

幾乎所有方面的干預(yù)都被認(rèn)為是正常的。在英國，這只是稍微有點(diǎn)不真實(shí)?？赏茰y(cè)，英國對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)的干涉較少。因此可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“新的保護(hù)主義是什么時(shí)候出現(xiàn)的？”，文章第一段對(duì)“新保護(hù)主義的興起”一筆帶過，可排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“為什么新的保護(hù)主義在北歐國家如此流行？”，理解片面，排除。C選項(xiàng)“政府為什么要干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活？”，可定位到文中第一段“Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade”中文翻譯：新保護(hù)主義指的是政府對(duì)私營經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體干預(yù)如何影響國際貿(mào)易。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)“美國政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的作用是否比英國政府更為積極？”理解片面，可排除。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.單選題

Ellenhascomeintoalotofmoneyrecentlythankstoherrelatives'___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generosity

B.sincerity

C.certainty

D.flexibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)generosity“慷慨，大方；寬宏大量”；B選項(xiàng)sincerity“真實(shí)，誠摯”；C選項(xiàng)certainty“必然；確實(shí)；確實(shí)的事情”；D選項(xiàng)flexibility“靈活性；彈性；適應(yīng)性”。句意：由于親戚們的慷慨，埃倫最近得到了很多錢。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Theauthoritiesclaimthattherateofcrimeisdeclining,butstatisticsshow______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.clockwise

B.otherwise

C.elsewhere

D.likewise

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)clockwise“順時(shí)針方向地”；B選項(xiàng)otherwise“另外，否則”；C選項(xiàng)elsewhere“在別處；到別處”；D選項(xiàng)likewise“同樣地；也”。句意：當(dāng)局聲稱犯罪率正在下降，但數(shù)據(jù)卻沒顯示……。根據(jù)but可知，句型表示轉(zhuǎn)折，只有選項(xiàng)B表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Congressdelegateswaited___forthecongratulatorytelegramfromMoscowwhenthenewpartywasformed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interms

B.inthelongrun

C.inview

D.invain

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)interms“明確地；毫不含糊地；焦急地”；B選項(xiàng)inthelongrun“長遠(yuǎn)；終究”；C選項(xiàng)inview“在視野范圍內(nèi)；在考慮中的；作為目標(biāo)”；D選項(xiàng)invain“徒然；無效”。句意：當(dāng)新政黨成立時(shí)，國會(huì)代表們焦急地等待來自莫斯科的賀電。結(jié)合句意，判斷出選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。

7.單選題

Theshell-coveredanimalswithoutbackboneshaveanastytendencytodevourtheirneighbors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.develop

B.endeavor

C.delude

D.consume

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)develop“開發(fā)；進(jìn)步；使成長”；B選項(xiàng)endeavor“努力；盡力”；C選項(xiàng)delude“欺騙；哄騙；誘惑”；D選項(xiàng)consume“消耗，消費(fèi)；著迷”。句意：這些沒有脊骨、殼覆蓋的動(dòng)物有一種令人討厭的傾向，它們會(huì)吃掉它們的鄰居。根據(jù)此處關(guān)鍵詞theirneighbors（他們的鄰居）可排除A選項(xiàng)及B選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)delude（欺騙）主要側(cè)重于虛偽的意見或信念欺騙，因此也可排除。結(jié)合語境，得知D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Sometimesthebankmanagerhimselfisaskedto___chequesifhisclerksarenotsureaboutthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.credit

B.assure

C.certify

D.access

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)credit“相信，信任；把……歸給，歸功于；贊頌”；B選項(xiàng)assure“保證；擔(dān)保；使確信；弄清楚”；C選項(xiàng)certify“證明；保證”；D選項(xiàng)access“接近，使用；訪問，存?。娔X文檔）”。句意：有時(shí)，如果銀行經(jīng)理的職員對(duì)支票不確定，就要求他本人證明支票。結(jié)合此處語境，C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Theacidrainattackstheleavesand_____theirwaxycoating.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resolves

B.unsolved

C.dissolves

D.shoves

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)resolves“決定；決心要做”；B選項(xiàng)unsolved“未解決的；未解答的”；C選項(xiàng)dissolves“溶解；分解”；D選項(xiàng)shoves“擠；強(qiáng)使；撞；猛推”。句意：酸雨會(huì)侵蝕樹葉，……它們的蠟涂層。根據(jù)attackstheleaves（侵蝕樹葉）可推測(cè)acidrain（酸雨）的危害極大，A選項(xiàng)resolves（決定）不符合題意，B選項(xiàng)unsolved（未解決的）可排除，D選項(xiàng)shoves（擠）不符合題意，可排除，結(jié)合此處語境，C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thereareactuallymanyconvincingreasonstousenaturalproducts,eventheregularhealthproductsarefilledwithchemicals.Allofthoseexcessivechemicalsdoalotharmtoyourbody.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuasive

B.confident

C.obedient

D.concrete

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)persuasive“有說服力的；勸誘的，勸說的”；B選項(xiàng)confident“自信的；確信的”；C選項(xiàng)obedient“順從的，服從的；孝順的”；D選項(xiàng)concrete“混凝土的；實(shí)在的，具體的；有形的”。句意：事實(shí)上，使用天然產(chǎn)品有很多令人信服的理由，即使是普通的保健品也充滿了化學(xué)物質(zhì)。所有這些過量的化學(xué)物質(zhì)都對(duì)你的身體有害。。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞convincing“令人信服的；有說服力的”，得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Manyscientistsremainskepticalaboutthevalueofthisresearchprogram.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conscious

B.doubtful

C.novelty

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conscious“意識(shí)到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；B選項(xiàng)doubtful“可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能確定的”；C選項(xiàng)novelty“新奇；新奇的事物；新穎小巧而廉價(jià)的物品”；D選項(xiàng)obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的；晦澀的，不清楚的；隱蔽的；不著名的，無名的”。句意：許多科學(xué)家對(duì)這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目的價(jià)值仍持懷疑態(tài)度。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞skeptical“懷疑的”，得知B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Weoften______ourenergiesintrivialoccupations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dissipated

B.indulged

C.unscrambled

D.took

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)dissipated“消散；浪費(fèi)”；B選項(xiàng)indulged“沉溺；滿足；放任”；C選項(xiàng)unscrambled“使……還原；譯出；理順，理清”；D選項(xiàng)took“拿；??；接受”。句意：我們經(jīng)?！覀兊木υ诂嵥榈墓ぷ魃?。根據(jù)單詞trivialoccupations（瑣碎的工作），可推測(cè)我們經(jīng)常會(huì)浪費(fèi)我們的精力在一些瑣碎的工作上，結(jié)合此處語境，選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。

13.單選題

Thesultryweatherinthetropicsencouragesalifeof______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.leisure

B.comfort

C.industry

D.indolence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)leisure“空閑”；B選項(xiàng)comfort“安慰，舒適”；C選項(xiàng)industry“產(chǎn)業(yè)，工業(yè)”；D選項(xiàng)indolence“懶散，懶惰”。句意：天氣悶熱的熱帶地區(qū)鼓勵(lì)……生活。根據(jù)句意，可以推測(cè)天氣悶熱，會(huì)鼓勵(lì)一種懶散生活。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Itwasalreadyknownthatatleastsomegeneticabnormalitiesarecausedbytheabsenceofspecificproteins.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.irregularities

B.similarities

C.activities

D.qualities

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)irregularity“不規(guī)則；無規(guī)律；不整齊”；B選項(xiàng)similarity“類似；相似點(diǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)activity“活動(dòng)；活動(dòng)區(qū)；活動(dòng)性”；D選項(xiàng)quality“質(zhì)量，[統(tǒng)計(jì)]品質(zhì)；特性；才能”。句意：人們已經(jīng)知道，至少有些基因異常是由缺乏特定蛋白質(zhì)引起的。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞abnormalities“異常；畸形”，得知A為正確答案。

15.單選題

Theterm“print”hasseveralmeanings,soitisimportanttounderstandexactlywhatismeantbytheartisticterminology.Aprintintheartisticsenseisnotareproductionofaworkofartdoneinsomeothermedium,suchaspaintingordrawing.Thatcaninnosensebeconsideredaworkofart,sincetheartisthadnoinvolvementwithit.AprintisanoriginalworkofartcreatedbyanindirectmethoD.Insteadofmakinganimagedirectlyonasurface,asindrawingorpainting,theartistworksonamastersurface,whichmaybeasheetofmetal,ablockofstone,wood,plastic,orlinoleum.Fromthismastersurface,numerousimpressionsmaybemadebyinkingthesurface,layingasheetofpaperonit,andthensubjectingbothsurfaceandpapertopressure,generallybymeansofaprintingpress.

Aprintmayexistinseveralversions.Sometimestheprintmakeralterstheimagebetweenimpressions,sothateachprintisslightlydifferentfromtheothers.Anyseriesofsuchprintsisreferredtoasmultiples.Thenumberofimpressions(knownastheedition)thatarepossiblefromasingleoriginalvarieswiththematerial.Printsmadefromlinoleum,whichwearsreadily,willbefewerthanthosemadefromametalplate,whichiscapableofstrikingfine-qualityprintsinthethousands.Itiscustomarytonumberprintsastheycomeoffthepress,theearlierimpressionsbeingthefinestandthereforethemostdesirable.

Printsincorporatethesamecompositionalprinciples,aspaintings.Line,shape,ortexturemaybethepredominantelementaccordingtotheprintingtechniqueuseD.Someprintshaveobviousdecorativequalitieswhileothersmaybefilledwithemotionalimpact.

Printmakingderivesfromtwohistoricalsources:earlywoodblocksintowhichanimagewascutandusedtoillustrateabookorplayingcards,andthemedievalpracticeofdecoratingmetalwithinciseddesigns,asinarmor.Todaymosttechniquesfallintooneoffourcategories:relief,intaglio,lithography,andserigraphy.However,therearemanyvariations,combinationswithphotographictechniques,andconsiderableoverlapping.

1.Intheartisticsense,aprintisaworkofartcreatedby___.

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasanexampleofamastersurface?

3.ItcanbeinferredthatprintsmaydifferfromotherworksofartintermsofallofthefollowingEXCEPT___.

4.Ametalplateiscomparedfavorablywithlinoleumasametersurfacebecauseametalplate___.

5.ItcanbeinferredthatprintsmaydifferfromotherworksofartintermsofallofthefollowingEXCEPT___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makingapaintingfromanoriginaldrawing

B.drawingorpaintingsimilarimagesmanytimes

C.transferringanoriginalimagefromonesurfacetoanother

D.copyinganoriginalimagemadeonpaperontoahardsurface

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.adrawingorpainting

B.ablockofstone

C.asheetofpaper

D.aprintingpress

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.compositionalprinciples

B.useofline,shape,ortexture

C.decorativequalities

D.emotionalimpact

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lastslonger

B.islessexpensive

C.makesprintsmorequickly

D.producesagreatervarietyofprints

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.emotionalimpact

B.useofline,shape,ortexture

C.decorativequalities

D.compositionalprinciples

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Insteadofmakinganimagedirectlyonasurface,asindrawingorpainting,theartistworksonamastersurface,whichmaybeasheetofmetal,ablockofstone,wood,plastic,orlinoleum.Fromthismastersurface,numerousimpressionsmaybemadebyinkingthesurface,layingasheetofpaperonit,andthensubjectingbothsurfaceandpapertopressure,generallybymeansofaprintingpress.”，中文翻譯為：與在繪畫或繪畫中直接在一個(gè)表面上作畫不同，藝術(shù)家在一個(gè)主表面上作畫，主表面可以是一塊金屬板、一塊石頭、木頭、塑料或油氈。在這個(gè)主表面上，通過在表面上涂上油墨，在上面鋪上一張紙，然后用印刷機(jī)對(duì)表面和紙張進(jìn)行壓印，可以產(chǎn)生許多印痕。故判斷C選項(xiàng)“將原始圖像從一個(gè)表面轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)表面”正確。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“amastersurface”可以定位到原文第一段“Insteadofmakinganimagedirectlyonasurface,asindrawingorpainting,theartistworksonamastersurface,whichmaybeasheetofmetal,ablockofstone,wood,plastic,orlinoleum.”，中文翻譯為：與在繪畫或繪畫中直接在一個(gè)表面上作畫不同，藝術(shù)家在一個(gè)主表面上作畫，主表面可以是一塊金屬板、一塊石頭、木頭、塑料或油氈?？芍珺選項(xiàng)“一塊石頭”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由A選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)作原則”可以定位到原文第一段“Aprintisanoriginalworkofartcreatedbyanindirectmethod.Insteadofmakinganimagedirectlyonasurface,asindrawingorpainting,theartistworksonamastersurface,whichmaybeasheetofmetal,ablockofstone,wood,plastic,orlinoleum.”，中文翻譯為：版畫是一種間接創(chuàng)作的原創(chuàng)藝術(shù)作品。與在繪畫或繪畫中直接在一個(gè)表面上作畫不同，藝術(shù)家在一個(gè)主表面上作畫，主表面可以是一塊金屬板、一塊石頭、木頭、塑料或油氈。則A選項(xiàng)正確，排除。由B選項(xiàng)“線條、形狀或紋理的使用”可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段“Printsincorporatethesamecompositionalprinciples,aspaintings.Line,shape,ortexturemaybethepredominantelementaccordingtotheprintingtechniqueused.”，中文翻譯為：版畫和繪畫一樣，包含同樣的構(gòu)圖原則。根據(jù)所使用的印刷技術(shù)，線條、形狀或紋理可能是主要元素。可知B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。由C選項(xiàng)“裝飾的

品質(zhì)”D選項(xiàng)“情緒的影響”可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段“Someprintshaveobviousdecorativequalitieswhileothersmaybefilledwithemotionalimpact.”，中文翻譯為：一些版畫具有明顯的裝飾性，而另一些則可能充滿情感的沖擊。知C、D選項(xiàng)正確，排除。答案為B。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段中“Printsmadefromlinoleum,whichwearsreadily,willbefewerthanthosemadefromametalplate,whichiscapableofstrikingfine-qualityprintsinthethousands.”，中文翻譯為：油氈制成的印刷品很容易磨損，它比金屬板制成的印刷品要少，而金屬板能印出成千上萬張高質(zhì)量的印刷品。可以得知C選項(xiàng)“使打印速度更快”正確。

5.原試題即與3題重復(fù)。

16.寫作題

Inrecentyears,moreandmoreuniversitygraduatesgobacktotheirhometownintheruralareasandworkthereasteachersorvillagePartysecretaries,etC.afterobtainingtheirbachelorormasterdegrees.Somepeoplesaywhattheydogoesagainstconvention.Otherssaytheruralareasaredesperatelyinneedofskilledadministrators.Thenshoulduniversitygraduatesgotoworkinaruralarea?What’syouropinionaboutthisphenomenon?WriteapassageonthetopicIsUniversityGraduates’GoingtoWorkinaRuralAreaaWasteofTalent?inabout200words.YoumustwriteclearlyandlogicallyonyourAnswerSheet.（寫在試題冊(cè)上無效。）

IsUniversityGraduates’GoingtoWorkinaRuralAreaAWasteofTalent?

【答案】略。

17.單選題

Themanager'sjobisnottomakedecisionsbuttocarryoutthedecisionsthedirectormakes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fulfill

B.accomplish

C.implement

D.affect

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)fulfill“實(shí)現(xiàn)；滿足；使結(jié)束”；B選項(xiàng)accomplish“完成；實(shí)現(xiàn)；達(dá)到”；C選項(xiàng)implement“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行；實(shí)現(xiàn)，使生效”；D選項(xiàng)affect“影響”。句意：經(jīng)理的工作不是做決定，而是執(zhí)行主管做的決定。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞makedecision（做決定），得知C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.operate

B.contribute

C.monitor

D.send

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)operate“操作；經(jīng)營；引起；行動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)contribute“貢獻(xiàn)，出力；投稿；捐獻(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)monitor“監(jiān)控”；D選項(xiàng)send“發(fā)送，寄；派遣；使進(jìn)入；發(fā)射”。句意：然后，她可以在電腦屏幕上操縱3d圖像，繪制出最短、侵襲性最小的腫瘤手術(shù)路徑。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語maptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpath“繪制出最短、侵襲性最小的腫瘤手術(shù)路徑”，得知A選項(xiàng)最符合句意。

19.單選題

Thecompanymakesaperiodicalreviewofexpenditureeverymonth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.regular

B.immediate

C.prevalent

D.temporary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)regular“定期的；有規(guī)律的；合格的；整齊的；普通的”；B選項(xiàng)immediate“立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C選項(xiàng)prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；D選項(xiàng)temporary“暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的”。句意：公司每月定期檢查支出情況。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞periodical“[數(shù)]周期的；定期的”，得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Tony'smotherlovesPekingoperaandwheneverthereisanewplay,sheasksTonytobuyticketsforher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adorns

B.adapts

C.adopts

D.adores

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)adorns“裝飾；使生色”；B選項(xiàng)adapts“適合的；使適應(yīng)，改編”；C選項(xiàng)adopts“收養(yǎng)”；D選項(xiàng)adores“崇拜；喜愛；極喜歡”。句意：托尼的媽媽喜歡京劇，每當(dāng)有新戲上演，她就讓托尼給她買票。結(jié)合句意，A，B，C選項(xiàng)都可排除，得知D選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Thevolcanogavewarningthatitwouldsoonpop:smallearthquakesshudderedbeneathitssurfaceonSeptember23.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sank

B.sent

C.erupted

D.shook

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sank“沉陷”；B選項(xiàng)sent“送，寄出”；C選項(xiàng)erupted“爆發(fā)；長出”；D選項(xiàng)shook“搖動(dòng)”。句意：火山發(fā)出警告說它很快就會(huì)爆發(fā)：9月23日，它的地表下發(fā)生了小地震。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞earthquakes（地震）可排除B、C選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)sank（沉陷）也與地震不匹配，因此得知D選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

TheHauntedAmericaCountriesarelikelittlehomes;theyhouseanation,holdideologiesandprovidesshelterandcomforttoitspeopleinhopesthattheoccupantswillnurturebetterideasforthemselvesandfurtherflourishhumanity.Suchareprimarydesiresandgoalsofmostcountriesonthissmallplanet.

Americaisnoexception.Fordecades,billionsofpeoplearoundtheworldsleptatnightonemptystomachsamidstdreadfulcircumstances,oftendreamingofthefreedomsandlibertiesofAmerica,whichtheylikenedtoagreatland,aparadiseandafinaldestinationpoint.

ThebestandbrightestoftheworldgravitatedtothegreatUSAinsearchofgoldenopportunities;inhordestheycame,andenmassetheysettleD.Americabecamethenationwhichacknowledgedgreatnessandprovidedthedrivingforcetoallowthedreamsofsmall,ordinarypeopletotakeformandflourish.Freefromrestrictions,allowinggrandexpressionswithextraordinaryliberties,thatnoothernationinthehistoryofmankindhasbeenabletomatchatsuchagrandscale.

Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristine（質(zhì)樸的）butknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitions（幽靈）andunexplainablesignshaveemergeD.Thisplanet,likeanoldstreet,isalreadyfullofsuchhauntedhouses,whichattimesseemabandoned,lifelessandunabletogiveorreceiveneighborlywarmth;factorssocriticalforanycountryontheglobalscene.

CanthisbadlydamagedimageofAmericabefixedtodayandbywhomandatwhatcost?Whatmustitinclude—anewcostume,anewmaskoranewheart?Theseareveryimportantunderlyingquestions,butthebiggestquestionremains—cananentirecountrybebrandedtotherestoftheworldinthesamefashionasabreakfastcerealorlaundrydetergent?

Theanswerisaflatno.Onlythebranding-circuswouldcomeupwithsuchafake,superficial,logo-centric-slogan-happyattempttorebuildanationpaintedwithbannersandbillboards.Inreality,countriescannotbebrandedinsuchasimpleprocessfromthepast,becausenationsarealreadybrandedoverdecadesandcenturiesbytheirhistoriesandculturalinteractionsandexportableidentities.

1.Americausedtobethoughtofas___.

2.Americaisnowlikenedto___.

3.Thewritersuggeststhat___.

4.Accordingtothepassagethat___isNOTtrue.

5.Themainrhetoricaldeviceofthispassageis___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aparadisewithoutautocraticruling

B.aplaceofperfecthappiness

C.alandofmarvelouschances

D.alloftheabove

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anelegantandplainhouse

B.anolddead-endstreet

C.anoldhauntedmansion

D.anabandonedandlifelessplanet

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.costumeandhearthavethesamefunction

B.laundrydetergentsharesthefashionofthecountry'sbrand

C.historyestablishesabrandforitscountry

D.logoandsloganplayakeyroleinshapingacountry

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.acountryshoulddevelopbetterpolitically

B.depressedpeopleintheworldyearnedforAmerica

C.therearemanyhauntedhousesinAmerica

D.Americacannotbeidentifiedwithitstradition

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.simileandmetaphor

B.parallelism

C.echo-question

D.description

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段“Fordecades,billionsofpeoplearoundtheworldsleptatnightonemptystomachsamidstdreadfulcircumstances,oftendreamingofthefreedomsandlibertiesofAmerica,whichtheylikenedtoagreatland,aparadiseandafinaldestinationpoint.”中文翻譯為：幾十年來，世界上有數(shù)十億人在可怕的環(huán)境中餓著肚子睡覺，經(jīng)常夢(mèng)想著美國的自由和自由，他們把美國比作一塊偉大的土地，一個(gè)天堂和一個(gè)最終的目的地。以及第三段“Freefromrestrictions,allowinggrandexpressionswithextraordinaryliberties,thatnoothernationinthehistoryofmankindhasbeenabletomatchatsuchagrandscale.”中文翻譯為：不受限制，允許以非凡的自由發(fā)表偉大的言論，在人類歷史上沒有任何其他國家能夠在如此大的規(guī)模上匹敵。故判斷出答案選D。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文第四段“Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristinebutknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitionsandunexplainablesignshaveemerged.”中文翻譯為：但目前看來，這個(gè)美國國家的家園似乎開始像那座古老的宅邸，優(yōu)雅質(zhì)樸，但眾所周知是鬧鬼，坐落在那條死胡同的街道盡頭，那里出現(xiàn)了鬼魂、神秘的幽靈和無法解釋的跡象?？芍?，A項(xiàng)正確，譯為“一所雅致樸素的房子”。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第一段“Inreality,countriescannotbebrandedinsuchasimpleprocessfromthepast,becausenationsarealreadybrandedoverdecadesandcenturiesbytheirhistoriesandculturalinteractionsandexportableidentities.”中文翻譯為：實(shí)際上，國家不可能在如此簡單的過去過程中就打上烙印，因?yàn)閲业臍v史和文化互動(dòng)以及可出口的特性已經(jīng)在幾十年甚至幾百年的時(shí)間里打上烙印?？芍?，C項(xiàng)正確，譯為“歷史為國家樹立了品牌”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由C選項(xiàng)“美國有許多鬼屋”可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第三段中“Butcurrently,itseemsthatthishomeoftheAmericannationhasstartedtoresemblethatoldmansion,elegantlypristine（質(zhì)樸的）butknowntobehaunted,sittingattheendofthatdead-endstreetwhereghosts,mysteriousapparitions（幽靈）andunexplainablesignshaveemerged.”中文翻譯為：但目前看來，這個(gè)美國民族的家園似乎開始像那座古舊的豪宅，優(yōu)雅質(zhì)樸，但眾所周知是鬧鬼，坐落在那條死胡同的盡頭，那里有鬼魂、神秘的幽靈和無法解釋的跡象?？芍颂幨且粋€(gè)比喻，故C選項(xiàng)不正確，符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。A.simileandmetaphor“明喻和暗喻”；B.parallelism“平行；類似，對(duì)應(yīng)”；C.echo-question“反問”；D.description“說明”。本文主要用的是比喻，因此可以推測(cè)出A選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

CambridgeUniversitywaseasily___,andhereturnedtheretobeginhismajorresearchactivities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accessible

B.attributable

C.attainable

D.attachable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)accessible“易接近的；可進(jìn)入的；可理解的”；B選項(xiàng)attributable“可歸于……的；可歸屬的”；C選項(xiàng)attainable“可得到的；可達(dá)到的；可到達(dá)的”；D選項(xiàng)attachable“可附上的；可連接的；可逮捕的；可沒收的”。句意：劍橋大學(xué)很容易進(jìn)入，他回到那里開始了他的主要研究活動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

EuropaisthesmallestofplanetJupiter’sfourlargestmoonsandthesecondmoonoutfromJupiter.Until1979,itwasjustanotherastronomytextbookstatistiC.Thencametheclose-upimagesobtainedbytheexploratoryspacecraftVoyager2,andwithindays,Europawastransformed—inourperception,atleast—intooneofthesolarsystem’smostintriguingworlds.Thebiggestinitialsurprisewasthealmosttotallackofdetail,especiallyfromfaraway.Evenatcloserange,theonlyvisiblefeaturesarethin,kinkedbrownlinesresemblingcracksinaneggshell.Andthisanalogyisnotfaroffthemark.

ThesurfaceofEuropaisalmostpurewaterice,butanearlycompleteabsenceofcratersindicatesthatEuropa’ssurfaceiceresemblesEarth’sAntarcticicecap.Theeggshellanalogymaybequiteaccuratesincetheicecouldbeaslittleasafewkilometersthick—atrueshellaroundwhatislikelyasubsurfaceliquidoceanthat,inturn,encasesarockycore.TheinteriorofEuropahasbeenkeptwarmovertheeonsbytidalforcesgeneratedbythevaryinggravitationaltugsoftheotherbigmoonsastheywheelaroundJupiter.ThetidesonEuropapullandrelaxinanendlesscycle.Theresultinginternalheatkeepswhatwouldotherwisebeicemeltedalmosttothesurface.ThecracklikemarksonEuropa’sicyfaceappearstobefractureswherewaterorslushoozesfrombelow.

SoonafterVoyager2’sencounterwithJupiterin1979,whenthebestimagesofEuropawereobtained,researchersadvancedthestartlingideathatEuropa’ssubsurfaceoceanmightharborlife.LifeprocessescouldhavebegunwhenJupiterwasreleasingavaststoreofinternalheat.Jupiter'searlyheatwasproducedbythecompressionofthematerialformingthegiantplanet.JustastheSunisfarlessradianttodaythantheprimalSun,sotheinternalheatgeneratedbyJupiterisminorcomparedtoitsformerintensity.Duringthiswarmphase,some4.6billionyearsago,Europa’soceanmayhavebeenliquidrighttothesurface,makingitacrucibleforlife.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatastronomytextbookspriorto1979_____.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEuropaandAntarcticahaveincommonwhichofthefollowing?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheeffectofJupiter'sotherlargemoonsonEuropa?

5.Accordingtothepassage,Voyager2’simagesledresearcherstodevelopwhichofthefollowingtheories?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheeffectofthetidesonEuropa’sinterior

B.TemperaturevariationsonJupiter’smoons

C.DiscoveriesleadingtoatheoryaboutoneofJupiter’smoons

D.TechniquesusedbyVoyager2toobtainclose-upimages

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.providedmanycontradictorystatisticsaboutEuropa

B.consideredEuropathemostimportantofJupiter'smoons

C.didnotemphasizeEuropabecauselittleinformationofinterestwasavailable

D.didnotmentionEuropabecauseithadnotyetbeendiscovered

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Bothmayhavewaterbeneathathin,hardsurface

B.Bothappeartohaveasurfacewithmanycraters

C.Bothhaveanicecapthatismeltingrapidly

D.Bothhaveareasencasedbyarockyexterior

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheypreventtidesthatcoulddamageEuropa’ssurface

B.TheypreventEuropa’ssubsurfacewatersfromfreezing

C.TheyproducetheveryhardlayeroficethatcharacterizesEuropa

D