2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)90

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thegovernment’snewcyber-securityofficialsyesterdayaskedtelecommunicationscompaniesforhelpinbuildingagovernmentcomputernetworkthatwouldhavenoriskofoutsidepenetration—atasksomecomputersecurityconsultantssayisnearlyimpossible.Plansfortheprivatenetwork,calledGovnet,hingeonwhetherareliablenetworkinfrastructurecanbebuiltatanaffordableprice,officialssaid.Computersystemconsultantssaidtheycouldnotestimatehowmuchthenetworkwouldcostbecauseofthegovernment’senormoussizeandsecurityneeds.RichardClarke,whowasappointedspecialadvisertothepresidentforcyberspacesecuritythisweek,saidhebelievesamorereliablesystemcanbebuilt.Ninetypercentofavailablefiber-opticspaceisunusedandfairlyinexpensivetoobtain,hesaid.

GovnetispartofaplanClarkeannouncedearlierthisweektosecureourcyberspacefromarangeofpossiblethreats,fromhackerstocriminalstoterroristgroups,toforeignnations,whichmightusecyber-waragainstusinthefuture.GovnetwouldbecompletelyindependentfromtheInternettohelpkeepouthackersandviruses,accordingtothegovernment’splan.TherequestfromtheGeneralServicesAdministrationasksthattelecommunicationscompaniessubmitproposalsabouthowthenetworkcouldbebuilt,howmuchitwouldcost,andhowlongitwouldtaketoconstruct.

Thisyear,thecurrentnetworkhasbeenbreachedbyhackers,computerwormsandviruses.ThesystemwasalsoroughedupbytheCodeRedcomputerwormandanattackprogramcalled“ILoveYou'.Thevirusesaffectedthousandsofgovernmentcomputers.LastyearareportbytheGeneralAccountingOffice,aninternalgovernmentwatchdog,foundweaknessesinthecomputernetworkthatcouldallowterroristsorhackerstoseverelydamageordisruptnationaldefenseorvitalpublicoperationsorstealsensitivedata.Clarkesaidthegovernment’scurrentvirtualprivatenetworkisvulnerabletovirusesanddenial-of-serviceattacksthatwouldmakeitmoredifficulttoexecuteGovnet.

Aninternalnetwork,suchastheGovnetproposal,isworthinvestigatingbutwillprobablyfalltosophisticatedhackers,saidAmitYoran.chiefexecutiveofthesecurity-servicescompanyRiptechInc.andaformerinformation-securityprogramdirectorattheDefenseDepartment."Itisprobablymorefeasibletoimplementandstronglyenforceglobalsecurityposturesandpracticesratherthangooutandpurchasenewassets.”Yoransaid.“Oncesomeoneisabletogetin,theywillfindaweaklink.Whenyouhaveanetworkthesizeofthegovernment’stherewillbeweaklinks.Someonewillgetin.”

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisGovnet?

2.ItisimpliedthatsomecomputerconsultantsconsiderGovnettobealmostimpossiblebecause（）.

3.BywhatmeanswillGovnetrealizetheenhancementofthegovernment’scyber-security?

4.WhatAmitYoransaidamountstodenying（）.

5.Theinitiativeforconstructinganinternalnetworkstemsfrom（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Areliablenetworkinfrastructurethatcanbebuiltatanaffordableprice.

B.Agovernmentcomputernetworkthatmayproveimmunetopenetration.

C.Anationalsecuritysystemtobedevelopedbythegovernment.

D.Aprivatenationalsecuritysystemtobedevelopedagainstoutsideinvasion.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aconsiderablecostwillberequired

B.thereisn’tareliablenetworkinfrastructureyet

C.itistotallydifferentfromtheInternet

D.notelecommunicationscompanycanaffordit

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Bysteppingupitsvirus-killingsoftware.

B.Byscanningforvirusesandattacksconstantly.

C.BysecludingitselffromtheInternet.

D.Byestablishinganinternalwatchdogcommittee.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thefeasibilityofbuildingasecurityprogram

B.theefficiencyofthepresentnetworkincounteringoutsideattacks

C.theconceivedsecurityofGovnet

D.thepossibilityofenhancingthesecurityofthegovernmentnetwork

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thevulnerabilityofthepresentnetworktooutsideattacks

B.theimprovementinnetworksecuritytechnology

C.thedesiretobuildastrongernationaldefensesystem

D.theproposalssubmittedbytelecommunicationscompanies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。Govnet的意思可參考首句:Thegovernment’snewcyber-securityofficialsyesterdayaskedtelecommunicationscompaniesforhelpinbuildingagovernmentcomputernetworkthatwouldhavenoriskofoutsidepenetration(政府新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全官員昨天要求電信公司幫助建立一個(gè)不會(huì)受到外來(lái)入侵威脅的政府計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò))。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)可能證明免于侵入的政府計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Computersystemconsultantssaidtheycouldnotestimatehowmuchthenetworkwouldcostbecauseofthegovernment’senormoussizeandsecurityneeds(計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)顧問(wèn)們稱(chēng)，由于政府的巨大規(guī)模和安全需要，所以他們無(wú)法估算該網(wǎng)絡(luò)的花費(fèi))。由此可知A項(xiàng)“需要相當(dāng)大的花費(fèi)”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:GovnetwouldbecompletelyindependentfromtheInternettohelpkeepouthackersandviruses,accordingtothegovernment'splan(根據(jù)政府的計(jì)劃，Govnet將完全獨(dú)立于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，以幫助抵御黑客和病毒)。由此可知C項(xiàng)“通過(guò)讓自身與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)隔離開(kāi)”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位至最后一段Yoran所說(shuō):Oncesomeoneisabletogetin,theywillfindaweaklink.Whenyouhaveanetworkthesizeofthegovernment’stherewillbeweaklinks(一旦有人能夠進(jìn)入，那么他們將會(huì)找到一個(gè)薄弱的連接。當(dāng)你有一個(gè)政府網(wǎng)絡(luò)大小的網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)，這里將會(huì)有薄弱的連接)。因此，選C項(xiàng)“(Yoran所說(shuō)的等于否定了)設(shè)想的政府網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全性”。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意為:構(gòu)建內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)的倡議來(lái)自于…。倒數(shù)第二段指出:Thisyear,thecurrentnetworkhasbeenbreachedbyhackers,computerwormsandviruses(今年，現(xiàn)在的網(wǎng)絡(luò)被黑客、計(jì)算機(jī)蠕蟲(chóng)和病毒攻破過(guò))。因此，A項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在的網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)外來(lái)攻擊的脆弱性”正確。

2.單選題

Youmustinsistthatstudentsgiveatruthfulanswer（）withtherealityoftheirworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relevant

B.simultaneous

C.consistent

D.practical

【答案】C

【解析】句意:你必須要求學(xué)生給出真實(shí)的、與現(xiàn)實(shí)一致(符合現(xiàn)實(shí))的答案。

考查形容詞辨析。relevant相關(guān)的，有價(jià)值的，常與介詞to搭配;simultaneous同時(shí)發(fā)生的；consistent一致的，常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)beconsistentwith與…一致，與…共存的；practical實(shí)際的。題干中的介詞是with，因此C項(xiàng)符合句意跟搭配。

3.單選題

Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican(driedmeatgroundintopowderandmadeintocakes),theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddatesand“apricotleather”.

Allfoodsincludingwater----cabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.

Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia.SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunesandcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soastoIncreasetherateofdrying.

Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.

Liquidssuchasmilk,coffee,tea,soupsandeggsmaybedriedbypouringthemoveraheatedsteelcylinderorbysprayingthemintoachamberthroughwhichacurrentofhotairpasses.Inthefirstcase,thedriedmaterialisscrapedofftherollerasathinfilmwhichisthenbrokenupintosmall,thoughstillrelativelycoarseflakes.Inthesecondprocessitfallstothebottomofthechamberasafinepowder.Whererecognizableplacesofmeatandvegetablesarerequired,asinsoup,theingredientsaredriedseparatelyandthenmixed.

Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpackedincansorfrozen,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialconditions.Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.Usuallyitisjustacaseofreplacingthedried-outmoisturewithboilingwater.

1.Theopen-airmethodofdryingfood（）.

2.Bacteriawhichcausefoodtogobad（）.

3.Nowadaysvegetablesaremostcommonlydried（）.

4.Driedfoods（）.

5.Housewiveslikedriedfoodsbecausethey（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.istheonemostcommonlyusedtoday

B.wasinventedbytheAmericanIndians

C.hasbeenknownforhundredsofyears

D.tendstobeunhygienic

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.cannotliveinsunlight

B.arekilledbydrying

C.areinnowaydependentonthewatercontent

D.havetheiractivitygreatlyreducedbydrying

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.onhorizontalcylinders

B.inhot-airchambers

C.inthesunandwind

D.usingtheopentraymethod

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.areoftenpackedincansorfrozen

B.areusedbysoldiersandclimbers

C.needmorestoragespacethansoldiersusuallyhaveavailable

D.aremuchcheaperthancannedorfrozenproducts

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.arequicktoprepare

B.tastebetter

C.canbepreservedbyboilinginwater

D.lookfreshandappetizingwhencooked

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一句指出:Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind(幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前，人類(lèi)就發(fā)現(xiàn)了可以通過(guò)除去食物中的水分來(lái)達(dá)到儲(chǔ)存的目的，并且最簡(jiǎn)單的除去水分的方法就是將食物暴露于陽(yáng)光和風(fēng)下面)，因此C項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)知道幾個(gè)世紀(jì)了”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked(如果水分被除去，導(dǎo)致食物變質(zhì)的細(xì)菌的活動(dòng)將會(huì)受阻)。因此D項(xiàng)“它們的活性會(huì)因?yàn)楦稍锒蟠蠼档汀闭_。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110'Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish(如今都采用機(jī)械化方式風(fēng)干食物。這種脫水的傳統(tǒng)方法是把食物放在室內(nèi)，在大約110攝氏度的入口溫度，大約43攝氏度的出口溫度下吹入熱空氣。這種風(fēng)干方法通常用來(lái)風(fēng)干像蔬菜、肉末以及魚(yú)之類(lèi)的食物)。因此B項(xiàng)“熱空氣室”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace(基于這些原因，它們對(duì)攀登者、探險(xiǎn)者和戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的士兵來(lái)說(shuō)是無(wú)價(jià)的，因?yàn)樗麄儙缀鯖](méi)有存儲(chǔ)空間)。因此答案為B項(xiàng)“供士兵和登山者使用”。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出了原因:Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem(它們也很受家庭主婦的歡迎，因?yàn)榕腼冞@些風(fēng)干了的食物只需要花很少的時(shí)間)。因此A項(xiàng)“很快就可以做好”正確。

4.單選題

Althoughhehashadnoformaleducation,heisoneofthe（）businessmeninthecompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shrewdest

B.sternest

C.nastiest

D.alertest

【答案】A

【解析】句意:盡管他沒(méi)有接受過(guò)正規(guī)的教育，但是他是這家公司里最精明的商人之一。

考查形容詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)形容詞的最高級(jí)。shrewdest最精明的；最狡猾的；sternest最嚴(yán)厲的;最堅(jiān)定的；nastiest最討厭的：最下流的：alertest最警覺(jué)的。根據(jù)前半句句意可知A項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

Afolkcultureisasmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamily,andinterpersonalrelationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperforinagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmade,andasubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericanistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlabor-savingdevicesoftheIndustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut,"humility",clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclassessotypicaloffolkcultures,andthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.

Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroup,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging.Relationshipstendtobeimpersonal,andapronounceddivisionoflaborexists,leadingtotheestablishmentofmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandamiytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.

Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduce,iseasierortime-savingtouse,orlendsmoreprestigetotheowner.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingistypicaloffolkcultures?

3.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheUnitedStatesandCanada?

4.WhatisthemainsourceoforderinAmishsociety?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAmishbeliefsdoesthepassagesupport?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Twodecadesinmodernsociety.

B.Theinfluenceofindustrialtechnology.

C.Thecharacteristicsof“folk”and“popular”societies

D.ThespecializationoflaborinCanadaandtheUnitedStates

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisamoney-basedeconomy

B.Socialchangeoccursslowly

C.Contactwithotherculturesisencouraged.

D.Eachpersondevelopsonespecializedskill.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyvaluefolkcultures.

B.Theyhavepopularcultures.

C.Theyhavenosocialclasses.

D.Theydonotvalueindividualism.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernment.

B.Theclanstructure.

C.Theeconomy.

D.Thereligion.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Variousreligiouspracticesaretolerated.

B.Individualismandcompetitionareimportant.

C.Pre-moderntechnologyispreferred.

D.Peoplearedefinedaccordingtotheirclass.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要分為三個(gè)部分，第一個(gè)部分講述的是民間文化社會(huì)的特點(diǎn)，第二部分講述的是大眾文化社會(huì)的特點(diǎn)，第三部分是講述在工業(yè)時(shí)代的如今，大眾流行文化正在取代民間文化。選項(xiàng)A：二十年的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)；選項(xiàng)B:工業(yè)技術(shù)的影響；選項(xiàng)D：加拿大和美國(guó)的勞動(dòng)專(zhuān)業(yè)化，以上選項(xiàng)均與原文不符。選項(xiàng)C:“民俗化”社會(huì)與“大眾化”社會(huì)的特征“為正確選項(xiàng)。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干意思定位到文章第一段中Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.“傳統(tǒng)是至高無(wú)上的，很少有改變，而且變化很慢。很少有專(zhuān)門(mén)的勞動(dòng)分工?！庇纱丝芍x項(xiàng)B“社會(huì)變革發(fā)生得很慢”與原文相符，為正確選項(xiàng)，而選項(xiàng)A、C、D均與原文表述的意思相反。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是關(guān)于美國(guó)和加拿大，作者暗示了什么?可以定位到文章第—段中UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.“在美國(guó)和加拿大等工業(yè)化國(guó)家，一成不變的民間文化已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在。”可以推斷出兩個(gè)國(guó)家的文化均已大眾流行化，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“它們有大眾流行文化”與原文意思相符，因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.“其宗教，作為Mennonite信仰的一種，提供了維持秩序的主要機(jī)制?！庇纱丝芍狣選項(xiàng)“宗教”為正確選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)A、B、C均與題意不符。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)A：容忍各種宗教活動(dòng)。這與文章所表述的阿米什人很少與他們宗派以外的人通婚不符，因此錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)B：個(gè)人主義和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)很重要這與文章“theweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasses”意思不符，所以為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)D：每個(gè)人發(fā)展一項(xiàng)專(zhuān)門(mén)技能，明顯與文中第一段描述不符。選項(xiàng)C：現(xiàn)代以前的技術(shù)更受喜歡，與原文“InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.”所表述的意思“在A(yíng)mish地區(qū)，輕便馬車(chē)仍然是當(dāng)?shù)氐慕煌üぞ?，信徒們不允許擁有汽車(chē)?！毕喾?，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Itwasfeltthathelackedthe（）topursueadifficulttasktotheveryend.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.petition

B.engagement

C.commitment

D.qualification

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)A：petition“請(qǐng)?jiān)?，祈?[法]訴狀”；選項(xiàng)B：engagement“婚約，約會(huì),交戰(zhàn),諾言”；選項(xiàng)C：commitment“獻(xiàn)身,承諾”;選項(xiàng)D:qualification“資格，條件,賦予資格”。由題意可知本題選項(xiàng)C更切合題意，正確。句意：有人認(rèn)為，他缺乏將一項(xiàng)困難的任務(wù)堅(jiān)持到底的奉獻(xiàn)精神。

7.單選題

Ifyouplanttwoappletreesinonesquareyardofland,andthetrees'productivity（）decline.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isboundto

B.isdeterminedto

C.isunlikelyto

D.isrelatedto

【答案】A

【解析】句意:如果你在一平方米的土地上種兩棵蘋(píng)果樹(shù)，那么樹(shù)的產(chǎn)能肯定會(huì)下降。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。isboundto必然，注定，勢(shì)必:isdeterminedto堅(jiān)決，下決心做；isunlikelyto不可能的；isrelatedto與…有關(guān)。因此A符合句意。

8.單選題

Ifyouknowwhatthetroubleis,whydon'tyouhelpthemto（）thesituation?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.simplify

B.modify

C.verify

D.rectify

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)A：simplify“簡(jiǎn)化，使單純”;選項(xiàng)B:modify“修改”；選項(xiàng)C：verify“核實(shí)，查證”;選項(xiàng)D：rectify“矯正，改正”。rectify是指抽象意義上對(duì)于偏離正常軌道的矯正，因此與題意更切合，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。句意：如果你知道問(wèn)題出在哪里，為什么不幫助他們扭轉(zhuǎn)局面呢?

9.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.由于生產(chǎn)這類(lèi)產(chǎn)品需要大量的設(shè)備和高水平的技術(shù)，因此我們要尋求實(shí)力雄厚的大公司的合作，使樣品盡快轉(zhuǎn)化為商品。

2.二十世紀(jì)向二十一世紀(jì)的過(guò)渡時(shí)期，恰好為美國(guó)的教育事業(yè)提供了一個(gè)重溫歷史，重新對(duì)科學(xué)承擔(dān)義務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)。

3.人們必須十分重視良好的飲食習(xí)慣，雖說(shuō)正確的飲食習(xí)慣不能根除世界上的癌癥，但它有利于減少患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

4.雖然主要是母親決定了配偶中吸引我們的品質(zhì)，但卻是父親影響我們?nèi)绾闻c異性接觸。

5.我們現(xiàn)在必須擺脫頭腦中的一個(gè)觀(guān)念，即認(rèn)為唯有在工作中“晉升”才是獲得認(rèn)可和更高收入的方向。

【答案】1.Sincetheproductionofsuchproductsrequiresalargeamountofequipmentandhighleveloftechnology,weshouldlookforbigandstrongcompaniestoworkwithustocommercializethespecimenasearlyaspossible.

2.ItisagoodopportunityfortheUnitedStatestoreviewhistoryandregainscientificdutyduringthetransitionfrom20thcenturyto21stcentury.

3.Peoplemustpaygreatattentiontogoodeatinghabits.Althoughtherightdietwillnoteradicatecancerintheworld,itcanhelpreducetheriskofcancer.

4.Whileitisprimarilythemotherwhodeterminesthequalitiesthatattractusinamate,itisthefatherwhoinfluenceshowweinteractwiththeoppositesex.

5.Wemustnowgetridoftheideathat"promotion"atworkisawaytoobtainrecognitionandhigherpay.

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.由于沒(méi)有具體證據(jù)可供利用，為探尋戲劇的起源，人們首先只能憑推測(cè)。

2.對(duì)于很多人而言，羅馬至多不過(guò)是對(duì)希臘更大規(guī)模地模仿和延續(xù)，希臘是發(fā)明者，而羅馬則是研究和發(fā)展的分支。

3.大多數(shù)時(shí)候，僅僅是因?yàn)闊o(wú)法核實(shí)身份，這些惹是生非的個(gè)體躲在一個(gè)個(gè)假名字后面，保護(hù)自己不受其行為的影響。

4.園林不只是房屋的補(bǔ)充。園林滿(mǎn)足了更高層次的生活需求，而這種功能只有藝術(shù)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

5.更進(jìn)一步說(shuō)，也有人認(rèn)為這個(gè)問(wèn)題與樂(lè)觀(guān)與悲觀(guān)的爭(zhēng)論無(wú)關(guān)，我們必須轉(zhuǎn)變看待和思考問(wèn)題的方式。

【答案】1.Peoplecanonlyrelyonspeculationforexploringtheoriginofdramabecausethereisnoanyspecificevidenceavailableforuse.

2.Formanypeople,Romeatmostisnothingmorethanalarge-scaleimitationandcontinuationofGreece.GreeceistheinventorwhileRomeisabranchofresearchanddevelopment.

3.Mostofthetime,justbecauseidentitiescannotbeverified,thesetroublemakershidebehindfakenamestoprotectthemselvesfrombeingaffectedtheiractions.

4.Agardensismorethanacomplementtoahouses.Gardensmeettheneedsofahigherleveloflife,andthisfunctioncanonlyberealizedbyart.

5.Furthermore,somepeoplethinkthatthisissuehasnothingtodowiththedebateonoptimismandpessimism.Wemustchangethewayofviewingandponderingaproblem.

11.單選題

Youradvicewouldbe（）valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】句意:你的建議對(duì)他非常有價(jià)值，因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在不知道該先做什么。

考查副詞辨析。exceedingly極其，非常，特別；excessively過(guò)分地，極度；extensively廣―闊地，廣大地：exclusively唯一地，獨(dú)占地。后面從句說(shuō)到:因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在不知道該先做什么，因此前面應(yīng)該在說(shuō)“你的建議對(duì)他非常有價(jià)值”。

12.單選題

Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity.Theycalledit"protectingcivilizationfromthefacesofterror".Thecompany'ssharepriceskyrocketed,asdidthestocksofotherface-recognitioncompanies,andairportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials.

Astheresultsstarttocomein,however,theglossiswearingoff.Nomatterwhatyoumighthaveheardaboutface-recognitionsoftware,BigBrotherisnotsogoodasexpected.

Theconcernwasbasedlargelyonanindependentassessmentofface-recognitionsystemscarriedoutin2000intheU.S.bytheDepartmentofDefense.Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms.Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself.Resultsfromtherecentairporttrialswouldseemtojustifythatconcern.

Mostface-recognitionsystemsusesomekindofgeometrictechniquetotranslateapictureofafaceintoasetofnumbersthatcaptureitscharacteristics.Onceithasidentifiedtheseboundaries,thesoftwarecalculatestheirrelativesizesandpositionsandconvertsthisgeometryintowhatVisionicscallsa"faceprint".Feedthesoftwareaseriesofmugshotsandit’llcalculatetheirfaceprints.ThenitcanmonitorliveCCTVimagesforthefacesofknownsuspects.Whenitfindsamatch,itraisesanalarm.

Evenifthesystemdoesmanagetocaptureaface,theproblemsaren'tover.Thetroubleisthatasuspect'sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail.Togivethemselvesthebestchanceofpickingupsuspects,operatorscansetthesoftwaresothatitdoesn'thavetomakeanexactmatchbeforeitraisesthealarm.Butthere'sapricetopay:themorepotentialsuspectsyoupickup,themorefalsealarmsyouget.Youhavetogetthebalancejustright.

Despitethedisappointingtests,somepeopleinsistthatface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtoputterroristsoff.Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat（）.

2.Thesecondparagraphimpliesthat（）.

3.WhatisthefataldefeatofthesystemaccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofDefense?

4.Whatmakesitsohardfortheface-recognitionsystemstoworkeffectively?

5.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Visionicsproducedthebestface-recognitionsoftwareenhancingairportsecurity

B.Visionics'sstockroseinprice

C.theairportsweresatisfiedwiththesoftware

D.Visionics'ssoftwarewasagreatsuccess

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesurfaceofthesoftwareisnotenough

B.thereisaseriesofface-recognitionsoftwareproducts

C.thesoftwareturnsouttobeinefficient

D.thesoftwareisnotdurable

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toomanyfalsealarmswereraised.

B.Everyoneshouldlookstraightatthecamera.

C.Only90%ofsuspectsatanairportwerefound.

D.Everyoneshouldnotdisguisehimself.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thecomputersarenotsoadvanced.

B.Thefaceprintsfedinthecomputersareneveridenticalwiththoseofrealpersons.

C.Itisveryhardfortheoperatorstolearntocontrolthesystem.

D.Peopleseldomlookstraightatthecamera.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.anyway,theface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtofrightentheterrorists

B.theindustryshouldrecognizethesituationandimprovethetechnology.

C.alltheclaimsarepremature

D.wemustnotexpecttoomuch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:Visionics公司生產(chǎn)了最好的人臉識(shí)別軟件來(lái)增強(qiáng)機(jī)場(chǎng)的安全性。B:Visionics的股票價(jià)格上漲。C:機(jī)場(chǎng)對(duì)軟件很滿(mǎn)意。D:Visionics的軟件非常成功。第一句指出:Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity(9月11日之后，領(lǐng)先的制造商Visionics發(fā)布了一份情況說(shuō)明書(shū)，解釋其技術(shù)如何增強(qiáng)機(jī)場(chǎng)安全)。但并不能證明A項(xiàng)跟D項(xiàng)正確。第三句說(shuō)到:Thecompany’ssharepriceskyrocketed(公司股價(jià)飛漲)。因此B項(xiàng)正確。最后一句指出:airportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials(全球各地的機(jī)場(chǎng)開(kāi)始安裝該軟件并進(jìn)行測(cè)試)。但這并不能說(shuō)明C項(xiàng)正確。因此答案為B。

第2題:判斷推理題。第二段意思為:然而，伴隨軟件試用結(jié)果出現(xiàn)，該軟件的光彩逐漸消逝，無(wú)論你或許對(duì)面部識(shí)別軟件聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)什么，Visionics這家大公司的面部識(shí)別軟件都不如宣傳的那樣好。因此C項(xiàng)“該軟件結(jié)果是無(wú)效率的”正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)的是:根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)防部的說(shuō)法，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的致命缺點(diǎn)是什么?A:太多假警報(bào)被拉響。B:每個(gè)人都要直視鏡頭。C:只有90%的嫌疑犯在機(jī)場(chǎng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)。D:每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該偽裝自己?？啥ㄎ恢恋谌?。第二句指出:Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms(這些測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)，要在機(jī)場(chǎng)抓獲90%的嫌疑人，人臉識(shí)別軟件必須發(fā)出大量虛假警報(bào))。因此A項(xiàng)正確，C項(xiàng)不正確。第三句指出:Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself(每三個(gè)人中就有一個(gè)被拖拉出候機(jī)的隊(duì)伍，而這種比例是基于每個(gè)人都直視鏡頭且不做任何努力掩飾自己的情況)。由此可知B項(xiàng)跟D項(xiàng)只是文中提及的實(shí)驗(yàn)的條件，而非致命缺點(diǎn)。

第4題:判斷推理題。第五段指出:Thetroubleisthatasuspect’sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail(問(wèn)題在于從現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)控提取的嫌疑犯的臉紋不可能與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)里的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)相匹配)。因此，使得人臉識(shí)別系統(tǒng)難以有效工作的原因是B項(xiàng)“電腦里的面紋從不與真人的面紋完全相同”。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段最后一句指出:Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality(在所有的控訴和反控訴之后，盡管沒(méi)有一個(gè)人能識(shí)別真相，但是該行業(yè)或許很快不得不面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí))。由此可知B項(xiàng)“該行業(yè)應(yīng)該認(rèn)清現(xiàn)實(shí)，改善技術(shù)”正確。

13.單選題

Somestudiesconfirmedthatthiskindofeyediseasewas（）intropicalcountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospective

B.prevalent

C.provocative

D.perpetual

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一些研究證實(shí)這種眼病在熱帶國(guó)家是普遍的。

考查形容詞辨析。prospective未來(lái)的;預(yù)期的;prevalent流行的；普遍的；provocative刺激的，挑撥的；氣人的；perpetual永久的；不斷的?？崭裉幮稳菰~的主語(yǔ)是eyedisease(眼病)，因此B符合句意。

14.單選題

Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalway,oneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablethingdependingtoalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolortoothercolorsseensimultaneously.Itisnotfixedinitsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhichcreatesit.Ontheotherhand,thepropertiesofsurfacesthatgiverisetocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolors,usually(butnotalways)lookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier.

Whentheeyeisfixedonacoloredarea,thereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthesensitivityoftheeyetocolorinandaroundtheareaviewed.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotimmediatelyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthegazeisshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehighertheintensity,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbeintermsofitspersistenceinthesucceedingviewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchouten,itappearsthat,atleastforafirstapproximation,fulladaptationtakesplaceoveraverybrieftimeiftheadaptingsourceismoderately,brightandtheeyehasbeeninrelativedarknessjustpreviously.Asthestimulusisallowedtoact,however,theeffectbecomesmorepersistentinthesensethatittakestheeyelongertoregainitssensitivitytolowerintensities.Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond.Theeffectnotonlyispresentoverthemutualareacausingthe“l(fā)ocaladaptation”butalsospreadswithdecreasingstrengthtoadjoiningareasoftheeyetoproduce“l(fā)ateraladaptation”.Also,becauseofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanother,allofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolors,theadaptationwilltendtobecomeuniform