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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Takethecaseofpubliceducationalone.Theprincipaldifficultyfacedbytheschoolshasbeenthetremendousincreaseinthenumberofpupils.Thishasbeencausedbytheadvanceofthelegalageforgoingintoindustryandtheimpossibilityoffindingajobevenwhenthelegalagehasbeenreached.Inviewofthetechnologicalimprovementsinthelastfewyears,businesswillrequireinthefutureproportionatelyfewerworkersthaneverbefore.Theresultwillbestillfurtherraisingofthelegalageforgoingintoemployment,andstillfurtherdifficultyinfindingemploymentwhenthatagehasbeenattained.Ifwecannotputourchildrentowork,wemustputtheminschool.

Wemayalsobequiteconfidentthatthepresenttrendtowardashorterdayandashorterweekwillbemaintained.Wehavedevelopedandshallcontinuetohaveanewleisureclass.Alreadythepublicagenciesforadulteducationareswampedbythetidethathassweptoverthemsincedepressionbegan.Theywillbelittlebetteroffwhenitisover.Theirsupportmustcomefromthetaxpayer.

Itissurelytoomuchtohopethattheseincreasesinthecostofpubliceducationcanbebornebythelocalcommunities.Theycannotcareforthepresentrestrictedandinadequatesystem.Thelocalcommunitieshavefailedintheireffortstocopewithunemployment.Theycannotexpecttocopewithpubliceducationonthescaleonwhichwemustattemptit.TheanswertotheproblemofunemploymenthasbeenFederalrelief.Theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationmayhavetobemuchthesame,andproperlyso.Ifthereisonethinginwhichthecitizensofallpartsofthecountryhaveaninterest,itisinthedecenteducationofthecitizensofallpartsofthecountry.Ourincometaxnowgoesinparttokeepourneighborsalive.Itmayhavetogoinpartaswelltomakeourneighborsintelligent.WearenowattemptingtopreservethepresentgenerationthroughFederalreliefofthedestitute(貧民).OnlyapeopledeterminedtoruinthenextgenerationwillrefusesuchFederalfundsaspubliceducationmayrequire.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whatisthereasonfortheincreaseinthenumberofstudents?

3.Thepublicagenciesforadulteducationwillbelittlebetteroffbecause(

).

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationisthattheFederalgovernment

).

5.Whydoestheauthorsay"OnlyapeopledeterminedtoruinthenextgenerationwillrefusesuchFederalfundsaspubliceducationmayrequire"(Lines10-11,Para.3)?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Howtopersuadelocalcommunitiestoprovidemorefunds.

B.Howtocopewiththeshortageoffundsforpubliceducation.

C.Howtosolvetherisingunemploymentproblem.

D.Howtoimprovethepubliceducationsystem.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Therequirementofeducatedworkersbybusiness.

B.Raisingofthelegalageforgoingtowork.

C.Thetrendtowardashorterworkday.

D.People'sconcernforthefutureofthenextgeneration.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theunemployedaretoopoortocontinuetheireducation

B.anewleisureclasshasdeveloped

C.theyarestillsufferingfromthedepression

D.anincreaseintaxescouldbeaproblem

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.shouldallocateFederalfundsforpubliceducation

B.shoulddemandthatlocalcommunitiesprovidesupport

C.shouldraisetaxestomeettheneedsofpubliceducation

D.shouldfirstofallsolvetheproblemofunemployment.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.OnlybyappropriatingadequateFederalfundsforeducationcanthenextgenerationhaveabrightfuture.

B.CitizensofallpartsofthecountryagreethatthebestwaytosupporteducationistouseFederalfunds.

C.Peoplealloverthecountryshouldmakecontributionstoeducationintheinterestofthenextgeneration.

D.EducatedpeoplearedeterminedtousepartoftheFederalfundstohelpthepoor.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文前兩段引出公共教育存在的問(wèn)題,文章的最后一段表明如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。所以全文的主旨應(yīng)是“如何解決公共教育資金短缺的問(wèn)題”。A選項(xiàng)“怎樣勸說(shuō)當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)提供更多資金”與第三段第一句Itissurelytoomuchtohopethattheseincreasesinthecostofpubliceducationcanbebornebythelocalcommunities不符。C選項(xiàng)“如何解決日益嚴(yán)重的就業(yè)問(wèn)題”和D選項(xiàng)“怎樣改善公共教育系統(tǒng)”過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)。因此,本題選擇B項(xiàng)最符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)學(xué)生人數(shù)增加的原因。根據(jù)原文第一段第三句可知,法定就業(yè)年齡提前了,并且到了法定年齡也可能找不到工作。再由第一段第五句Theresultwillbestillfurtherraisingofthelegalageforgoingintoemployment以及最后一句可以得出,法定就業(yè)年齡持續(xù)提高,而孩子們?nèi)绻麤](méi)有就業(yè),就得繼續(xù)讀書,所以造成了學(xué)生人數(shù)的增加,因此B項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)需要受過(guò)教育的工人”、C選項(xiàng)“工作時(shí)間縮短的趨勢(shì)”;D選項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)下一代未來(lái)的擔(dān)憂”都不符合題意,可排除。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段最后一句Theirsupportmustcomefromthetaxpayer可以推測(cè),成人教育的公共教育機(jī)構(gòu)不好可能因?yàn)槭堑貌坏阶銐虻亩愂罩С?。因此,本題正確答案為D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文最后一段可知,解決失業(yè)問(wèn)題要靠聯(lián)邦政府救濟(jì),公共教育也是如此。全國(guó)人民都感興趣的應(yīng)是實(shí)現(xiàn)良好教育。所得稅現(xiàn)在部分用于維持我們鄰居的生活,另一部分也應(yīng)該用于提高鄰居的教育,因此政府應(yīng)該從稅收中撥出資金來(lái)解決公共教育問(wèn)題,故A選項(xiàng)正確,B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該要求當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)提供支持”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該提高稅收滿足公共教育的需求”,不符合原文故排除。D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該首先解決失業(yè)問(wèn)題”,屬于無(wú)中生有。因此本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)為何作者會(huì)說(shuō)“只有決定毀掉下一代的民族才會(huì)拒絕聯(lián)邦資金投入公共教育”。A選項(xiàng)“只有撥出足夠的聯(lián)邦教育經(jīng)費(fèi),下一代才能有光明的未來(lái)”表述正確;B選項(xiàng)“全國(guó)人民都認(rèn)為支持教育的最好方式是使用聯(lián)邦資金?!痹闹皇翘岬饺駥?duì)公共教育感興趣,并未說(shuō)支持使用聯(lián)邦資金,更未提及這是最好的方式;C選項(xiàng)“全國(guó)人都應(yīng)該為了下一代的利益做出貢獻(xiàn)”,原文并未提及,屬于無(wú)中生有;D選項(xiàng)“受過(guò)教育的人決心用部分聯(lián)邦資金幫助窮人”,原文沒(méi)有該項(xiàng)信息。因此,本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Forsomecrimes,andundercertainconditions,apoliceofficermustobtainacourtordercalled()beforemakinganarrest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.warrant

B.registry

C.legislation

D.battery

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)warrant表示“根據(jù),證明,正當(dāng)理由”;B選項(xiàng)registry表示“注冊(cè),登記”;C選項(xiàng)legislation表示“立法”;D選項(xiàng)battery表示“電池;(法)毆打;炮臺(tái)”。

由句中acourtorder“一種法院命令”以及關(guān)鍵信息beforemakinganarrest“在實(shí)施逮捕之前”可知,這是空缺處應(yīng)該是指逮捕罪犯的證明或者逮捕令。因此,本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)?!揪湟狻繉?duì)于某些犯罪,在一定條件下,警察在實(shí)施逮捕之前必須獲得法院的命令,也就是逮捕令。

3.單選題

Thepolicemandeclaredthattheblowonthevictim'shead(

)frombehind.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldhavebeenmade

B.musthavebeenmade

C.wouldhavebeenmade

D.oughttohavebeenmade

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法。A項(xiàng)shouldhavedone表示“本該做某事(其實(shí)沒(méi)做)”;B項(xiàng)musthavedone表示“—定做了某事”;C項(xiàng)wouldhavedone表示“將會(huì)做某事”,常用于表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣;D項(xiàng)oughttohavedone表示“本該做某事”,比shouldhavedone語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng),意思為根據(jù)責(zé)任或者義務(wù)應(yīng)該做。句意:警察宣稱受害者頭上的傷一定是從后面猛擊造成的。故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Mutualismisatypeofsymbiosisthatoccurswhentwounlikeorganismslivetogetherinastatethatismutuallybeneficial.Itcanexistbetweentwoanimals,betweentwoplants,orbetweenaplantandananimal.Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes,whileinmutualismbothpartnersliveonagive-and-takebasis.

IntheAfricanwilds,thezebraandtheostrichenjoyasymbioticrelationshipthatenhancestheabilityoftheselargelandanimalstosurvive.Bothserveaspreyforthelion,andneitherhasthecapabilityalonetowithstandanattackfromthisfiercehunter.However,whenthezebraandtheostrichcollaborateintheirdefensebyalertingeachothertopossibledangerfromanapproachingpredator,thelionisrarelyabletocapturemorethantheoldestorfeeblestoftheherd.Thecomplementaryphysicalstrengthsandweaknessesoftheostrichandthezebraallowthemtoworkincoordinationtoavoidsuccumbingtothelion.Theostrich,thelargestflightlessbirdintheworld,possessesgreatspeedandkeeneyesight,whichenableittospotlargepredatoryanimalslongbeforetheyareabletopositionthemselvestoattack.Thezebra,witharunningspeedequaltothatoftheostrich,hasexcellenthearingandagoodsenseofsmellbutlacksthesharpeyesightoftheostrich.Whenostrichesandzebraintermixforgrazing,eachanimalbenefitsfromtheabilityoftheothertodetectapproachingdanger.Ifeitheranimalsensesdanger,bothanimalsarealertedandtakeoff.Withtherunningspeedthatbothoftheseanimalspossess,theyareabletooutrunanypredatorexceptthecheetah.

1.Choosethedrawingthatdescribesacommensaliststate.

2.Thedifferencebetweenmutualismandcommensalismisthat().

3.Inparagraph2,theWord"that"refersto().

4.Whichofthefollowingdrawingdescribeswhathappenswhenalionapproachesazebraandanostrich?

5.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.

B.

C.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.commensalismisatwo-sidedstate.

B.thepartnersliveonagive-and-takebasisinmutualism.

C.thehostgiveswhiletheguesttakesinmutualism.

D.mutualismoccursbetweentwosimilarorganisms;however,commensalism,twounlikeorganisms.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.runningspeed

B.strength

C.weakness

D.eyesight

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.

B.

C.

D.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thezebraoftenoffersmorehelpthantheostrichtodetecttheattackofthelion.

B.thezebraandtheostricharecomplementaryintheirabilitiesofavoidingbeingattackedby

C.boththezebraandtheostrichpossessgreatspeedandkeeneyesight.

D.withgreatspeed,thezebraandtheostrichrunfasterthananypredator.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes…”可知,互利共生與偏利共生的共生狀態(tài)并不相同,因?yàn)槠采且环N單向狀態(tài),即宿主給予,寄生物索取。由此可知B項(xiàng)“宿主→寄生物”表述正確,故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)哪一項(xiàng)符合互利共生和偏利共生的區(qū)別。根據(jù)原文第一段“Mutualismisatypeofsymbiosisthatoccurswhentwounlikeorganismslivetogetherinastatethatismutuallybeneficial.”可知,互利共生是一種共生關(guān)系,當(dāng)兩個(gè)不同的有機(jī)體生活在一種互惠的狀態(tài)時(shí)就會(huì)發(fā)生。根據(jù)后文敘述的“Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes...”可知,互利共生與偏利共生的共生狀態(tài)是不同的,偏利共生是一種單向的狀態(tài),即宿主給予而寄生物索取。由此可知A項(xiàng)“偏利共生是一種雙向狀態(tài)”表述錯(cuò)誤;B項(xiàng)“靠彼此相互給予和索取合伙共生”表述正確;C項(xiàng)“在互利共生中,宿主給予而寄生物索取”表述錯(cuò)誤;D項(xiàng)“互利共生發(fā)生在兩種類似的生物之間,而偏利共生卻發(fā)生于兩種不同的生物之間”與原文不符。因此,本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Thezebra,witharunningspeedequaltothatoftheostrich,hasexcellenthearingandagoodsenseofsmellbutlacksthesharpeyesightoftheostrich.”可知,斑馬的奔跑速度與鴕鳥(niǎo)相當(dāng),聽(tīng)覺(jué)和嗅覺(jué)都很好,但缺乏鴕鳥(niǎo)敏銳的視力。由此可知這里的that指代“runningspeed(奔跑速度)”,故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)strength表示“力量”;C項(xiàng)weakness表示“弱點(diǎn)”;D項(xiàng)eyesight表示“視力”。

4.理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Ifeitheranimalsensesdanger,bothanimalsarealertedandtakeoff.Withtherunningspeedthatbothoftheseanimalspossess,theyareabletooutrunanypredatorexceptthecheetah.”可知,如果兩者(即斑馬和鴕鳥(niǎo))中任一種動(dòng)物覺(jué)察到危險(xiǎn),那么兩種動(dòng)物都會(huì)警覺(jué)起來(lái)并迅速奔跑。憑借這兩種動(dòng)物的奔跑速度,它們能夠超越獵豹以外的任何捕食者。因此,本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段可知,斑馬和鴕鳥(niǎo)屬于互利共生的關(guān)系,它們都是獅子的獵物,都沒(méi)有能力獨(dú)自抵抗獅子的攻擊,所以它們要進(jìn)行協(xié)同防御,提醒對(duì)方可能有危險(xiǎn)。如果兩者中任一種動(dòng)物覺(jué)察到危險(xiǎn),那么這兩種動(dòng)物都會(huì)警覺(jué)起來(lái)并迅速奔跑。憑借這兩種動(dòng)物的奔跑速度,它們能夠超越獵豹以外的任何捕食者。由此可以判斷,B項(xiàng)“斑馬和鴕鳥(niǎo)在躲避攻擊的能力上是互補(bǔ)的”表述正確。而A項(xiàng)“在發(fā)現(xiàn)獅子的攻擊時(shí),斑馬往往比鴕鳥(niǎo)提供更多的幫助”;C項(xiàng)“斑馬和鴕鳥(niǎo)都有極快的速度和敏銳的視力”以及D項(xiàng)“由于有非常快的速度,斑馬和鴕鳥(niǎo)跑得比任何食肉動(dòng)物都快”均與原文不符,可排除。

5.單選題

Americanstodaybelieve,erroneouslythatacceptablesocialbehaviorfollowseffortlesslyfrompersonalvirtue.The(1)betweenmoralsandmannershasbecomeblurred(模糊).Allyouneedisagoodheart,mostpeople

(2)

andtherestwilltakecareofitself.Youdon'thavetowritethank-younotes.

ManyAmericansbelievethatnaturalbehaviorisbeautiful.The"natural"

(3)

tohumanrelationspresumesthattoknowanyperson

(4)

istolovehim.Thattheonlyhumanproblemisacommunicationproblem.This

(5)

thatpeoplemightbeseparatedbybasic,genuinelyirreconcilable(不可調(diào)和的)differences-philosophical,political,orreligious-andassumesthatallsuchdifferencesare

6)

misunderstandings.

Indeed,ithasneverbeeneasiertoinsultpeopleinadvertently(非故意的).Agentlemanopensadoorforaladybecausehismothertaughthimthatladies

(7)

suchcourtesies,butshe

(8

andspitsinhiseyebecauseliehasinsultedherwomanhood.Ayounglady

(9)

inacrowdedbustoanelderly,frailgentleman,andliegivesheradirtylookbecauseshehasinsultedhismanhood.

(10)

you,thosearejustpeopletryingtobenice;theonlyproblemisthattheyare

(11)

ondifferentsystemsofetiquette.

Curiously,ithasneverbeen

(12)

toinsultpeopleintentionally.Ifyousay,"YouarenastyandIhateyou”thepersonisapttoreply,"Oh,you'refeeling

(13)

:I’llwaituntilyoufeelbetter.”

Theideathatpeoplecanbehave"naturally"withoutresortingtoa(n)

(14)

codetacitly(心照不宣的)agreeduponbytheirsocietyisassillyastheideathattheycancommunicatebyusingalanguagewithout

(15)

acceptedsemanticandgrammaticalrules.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.instinct

B.distinction

C.intuition

D.similarity

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.resume

B.perform

C.assume

D.conduct

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.approach

B.way

C.road

D.means

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.enoughwell

B.enoughgood

C.goodenough

D.wellenough

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.approves

B.denies

C.supports

D.disagrees

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.nomorethan

B.notmorethan

C.abitmorethan

D.muchmorethan

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.dislike

B.appreciate

C.thank

D.approve

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.turnsout

B.turnsup

C.turnsaround

D.looksaround

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.offering

B.offers

C.offered

D.offer

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.Mind

B.Warn

C.Beware

D.Notice

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.doing

B.assuming

C.trying

D.operating

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.harder

B.easier

C.worse

D.better

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.friendly

B.terrible

C.disgusting

D.hostile

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.natural

B.artificial

C.unnatural

D.artistic

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.superficially

B.profoundly

C.commonly

D.individually

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:B

第14題:B

第15題:C

【解析】1.考察名詞詞義辨析。instinct“本能”,distinction“區(qū)別”,intuition“直覺(jué)”;similarity“相似”。根據(jù)后面blur(模糊)這個(gè)詞可知此處講述的是“美德”與“禮貌”之間的“區(qū)別”已經(jīng)被模糊化,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。resume“重新開(kāi)始,繼續(xù),恢復(fù)”;perform“執(zhí)行;完成;表演”;assume“假定;設(shè)想”;conduct“組織,實(shí)施;表現(xiàn)”。Mostpeople____在此處是個(gè)插入語(yǔ),空格處所在句子的大意是:你需要的只是一顆善良的新,大部分人設(shè)想,剩下的事情會(huì)自己解決。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.考察固定搭配。way,approach,means都有“方法”的意思,但搭配不同。approachto+n./doingsth;waytodo/ofdoingsth和bymeansof均為“做某事的方法”,根據(jù)橫線后是名詞判斷答案是A。

4.考察語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)??疾靍nough的用法以及good/well的區(qū)別。good是形容詞,well為副詞。enough修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),應(yīng)置于其后。根據(jù)前文動(dòng)詞know,可知空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)副詞,因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。approve“批準(zhǔn);贊成;滿意”;deny“否認(rèn)”;support“支持”,disagree“不同意”。前面提到“人類唯一的問(wèn)題是溝通問(wèn)題”(theonlyhumanproblemsisacommunicationproblem),后文提到“這些差異都是誤解”(allsuchdifferencesare___misunderstanding),說(shuō)明導(dǎo)致溝通問(wèn)題的原因只是因?yàn)檎`解,而不是哲學(xué)、政治、或者宗教這些層面的差異,所以空格處填入“否認(rèn)”這個(gè)詞符合題意,選項(xiàng)B符合。

6.考察詞組辨析。nomorethan“僅僅,只是”;notmorethan“不超過(guò),至多”;abitmore“多一點(diǎn)”;muchmorethan“更加,多得多”。根據(jù)前文可知“這些禪意僅僅是因?yàn)檎`解”,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。dislike“不喜歡”;appreciate“欣賞”;thank“感謝”;approve“批準(zhǔn),贊成”??崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠鉃椋杭澥繛榕块_(kāi)門是因?yàn)樗哪赣H告訴他女士___這樣的行為,根據(jù)常識(shí),可知是“欣賞這樣的行為”,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.考察詞組辨析。turnout“證明是,結(jié)果是”;turnup“出現(xiàn);發(fā)生;開(kāi)大”;turnaround“轉(zhuǎn)身”;lookaround“四處看”,根據(jù)并列連詞but可知此句與上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,那位女士并沒(méi)有欣賞他的行為,而是轉(zhuǎn)身給他一個(gè)白眼,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.考察主謂一致。根據(jù)andliegivesher…,可知空格處的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語(yǔ)為ayounggirl,所以動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù),選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.考察固定搭配。mindyou是口語(yǔ),意思是“請(qǐng)注意”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。空格處所在句子的大意是:唯一的問(wèn)題是他們?cè)诓煌亩Y儀體系進(jìn)行操作。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.考察上下文邏輯。上一段提到indeed,ithasneverbeeneasiertoinsultpeopleinadvertently,此處intentionally“故意地”可知此處應(yīng)是與這一句意思相反,因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.考察形容詞詞義辨析。friendly“友好地”;terrible“糟糕的”;disgusting“令人厭惡的”;hostile“懷有敵意的;敵對(duì)的”。根據(jù)前文的“nasty”“hate”可知是感覺(jué)很糟糕,所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.考察形容詞詞義辨析。natural“自然的”;artificial“人造的,人為的”;unnatural“不自然的”;artistic“藝術(shù)的”。由codetacitlyagreeduponbytheirsociety和acceptedsemanticandgrammaticalrules“公認(rèn)的語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則”可知填artificial表示“人為的”符合文意。

15.考察副詞詞義辨析。superficially“表面地”;profoundly“深刻地”;commonly“一般地”;individually“個(gè)別地”。空格處所在句子的大意為:他們能使用一種不被大眾接受的語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

It’sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually()fromtheBible.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquire

B.result

C.obtain

D.derive

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)acquire表示“獲得,取得”;B選項(xiàng)result表示“結(jié)果,導(dǎo)致”;C選項(xiàng)obtain表示“獲得,取得”;D選項(xiàng)derive表示“源于,得自”。根據(jù)句意可知,很多流行的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)實(shí)際上來(lái)自圣經(jīng)。因此,本題選擇D項(xiàng)最符合句意。

7.單選題

I'vebecomesomewhatphysicallyunfit,soI'vestartedgoingtothegymonceaweektoseeifIcan()mybody.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tidyup

B.toneup

C.takeup

D.eatup

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)tidyup表示“收拾,整理”;B選項(xiàng)toneup表示“増強(qiáng);提高(聲調(diào)等)使更健康”;C選項(xiàng)takeup表示“拿起;開(kāi)始從事;占據(jù)(時(shí)間,地方)”;D選項(xiàng)eatup表示“吃光;耗盡;擊垮”。根據(jù)somewhatphysicallyunfit(身體有點(diǎn)不健康)可知,空缺處應(yīng)為“使更健康”,故B項(xiàng)正確。因此本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:我的身體已有些許不適,所以我開(kāi)始每周去一次健身房,看看是否可以讓身體更健康。

8.單選題

Haveyoureverheardtheold(1),"Neverjudgeabookbycover"?Thisisagoodruleto

(2)

whentryingtojudgetheintelligenceofothers.Somepeoplehave

(3)

thatshineonlyincertain

(4)

.Ayoungmanwithanunusual

(5)increativewritingmayfindhimself

(6)

inthepresenceofaprettygirl.He

(7)

awkwardlyforwordsanddoesnottalksmoothly.Butdon'tmakethe

(8)

ofthinkinghimstupid.

(9)

apenandpaper,hecanexpresshimselfverywell.

Otherpeoplemay

(10)

overestimatingtheirintelligenceby

(11)agoodappearance.Astudentwholistensattentivelyand

(12)

inclassis(13)makeafavorableimpressiononhisteachers.Butwhenit

(14)

toexams,hemayscorenearthe(15)

oftheclass.

The(16)ideaisthatyoucan'tjudgesomeonebyappearance.Theonlywaytodetermineaperson'sintelligenceistogettoknowhim.Thenyoucanobserve

(17)hereactstodifferentsituations.The

(18)

situationsyouobserve,themoreaccurateyoujudgmentis

(19)tobe.So(20)

.Don'tjudgethebookbyitscover.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.speaking

B.saying

C.teaching

D.talking

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.follow

B.obey

C.watch

D.observe

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.hearts

B.heads

C.minds

D.brains

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.conditions

B.situations

C.circumstances

D.occasions

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.present

B.hand

C.pen

D.gift

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.motionless

B.hopeless

C.speechless

D.helpless

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.searches

B.looks

C.studies

D.calls

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.error

B.fault

C.mistake

D.wrong

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.From

B.With

C.In

D.By

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.foolyouaway

B.foolyouaround

C.foolyououtof

D.foolyouinto

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.puttingupwith

B.puttingon

C.puttingup

D.puttingoff

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.takesnotes

B.writenotes

C.takesnotices

D.takescare

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.upto

B.dueto

C.boundto

D.aboutto

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.turnsto

B.comesto

C.getsto

D.leadsto

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.top

B.center

C.middle

D.bottom

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.mere

B.major

C.main

D.topic

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.what

C.however

D.whatever

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.most

B.more

C.much

D.many

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.likely

B.properly

C.fortunately

D.necessarily

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.countonyourtime

B.aheadofyourtime

C.fallbehindyourtime

D.takeyourtime

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:A

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查名詞辨析?!癗everjudgeabookbycover”是一句諺語(yǔ),譯為“不要以貌取人”,B選項(xiàng)saying表示“諺語(yǔ)”。因此,正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)follow表示“跟隨;遵守”,B選項(xiàng)obey表示“遵守;服從”,C選項(xiàng)watch“表示觀看”,D選項(xiàng)observe表示“觀察;遵守法律或協(xié)議”

。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,obey的語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng),通常指服從命令,法律;遵循原則。由原文可知,不要以貌取人是一個(gè)通常性規(guī)則。因此,本題選擇A項(xiàng)最合適。

3.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)heart表示“心;心臟”,B選項(xiàng)head表示“頭,上端”,C選項(xiàng)mind表示“理智;精神;智力”,D選項(xiàng)brain表示“大腦,智力”。這句話的意思是“有些人的智力在一些特定情況下才會(huì)發(fā)揮出來(lái)”。因此本題正確答案是C。

4.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)condition表示“條件,情況”,B選項(xiàng)situation表示“情況;狀況”,C選項(xiàng)circumstance表示“環(huán)境;情況;境遇”,D選項(xiàng)occasion表示“場(chǎng)合;時(shí)機(jī)”。根據(jù)后文的例子,在寫作方面有天賦的男子在一個(gè)美麗的女孩面前說(shuō)不出話,用紙和筆卻能很好地表達(dá)。說(shuō)明有些人在某些特定情況下才能表現(xiàn)出聰明才智。因此本題正確答案是B。

5.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)present表示“禮物;現(xiàn)在”,B選項(xiàng)hand表示“手,幫助”,C選項(xiàng)pen表示“鋼筆,作家”,D選項(xiàng)gift表示“天賦;禮物”。創(chuàng)造性的寫作是一種非同尋常的天賦。因此本題正確答案是D。

6.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)motionless表示“靜止的;不動(dòng)的”,B選項(xiàng)hopeless表示“無(wú)望的,無(wú)可救藥的”,C選項(xiàng)speechless表示“說(shuō)不出話的,非語(yǔ)言能表達(dá)的”,D選項(xiàng)helpless表示“無(wú)助的,沒(méi)用的”。根據(jù)后面一句doesn'ttalksmoothly和第一段最后一句可知,男孩在女孩面前是“說(shuō)不出話的”,故本題正確答案為C。

7.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)search表示“尋找;搜索”,B選項(xiàng)look表示“看,注意”,C選項(xiàng)study表示“學(xué)習(xí),研究”,D選項(xiàng)call表示“打電話;稱呼;拜訪”。根據(jù)上下文可知,此句句意應(yīng)為“他笨拙地搜索語(yǔ)言卻也不能流利交談”,因此本題答案是A。

8.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)error強(qiáng)調(diào)違反標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或道德所做的錯(cuò)事,B選項(xiàng)fault強(qiáng)調(diào)性格或責(zé)任上的弱點(diǎn)。C選項(xiàng)mistake強(qiáng)調(diào)日常生活中看法和判斷的錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng)wrong強(qiáng)調(diào)壞事、惡行、犯罪。四個(gè)詞都可表示“錯(cuò)誤”,但側(cè)重點(diǎn)各不相同。原句意思是“不會(huì)犯認(rèn)為他愚蠢這樣的錯(cuò)誤”,屬于看法判斷上的錯(cuò)誤,因此C項(xiàng)更符合題意。

9.考查介詞辨析。原句意思是“他能用紙和筆非常好的表達(dá)自己?!盇選項(xiàng)from表示“從;來(lái)自”,B選項(xiàng)with表示“用某種工具”,C選項(xiàng)in表示“用某種材料”,D選項(xiàng)by表示“通過(guò)某種方法”。因此本題正確答案是B。

10.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)foolsbaway表示“把某人騙開(kāi)”,B選項(xiàng)foolyouaround表示“愚弄某人”,C選項(xiàng)foolsboutof表示“騙某人不要做某事”,D選項(xiàng)foolsbinto表示“騙某人去做某事”。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知,有些人會(huì)通過(guò)表象讓別人誤認(rèn)為他聰明,也就是騙別人髙估他們的智力,故本題正確答案選D。

11.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)putupwith表示“忍受,容忍”,B選項(xiàng)puton表示“穿上;增加;假裝”,C選項(xiàng)putup表示“提供;建造;舉起”,D選項(xiàng)putoff表示“推遲;阻止”。由第二段可知,有些人會(huì)通過(guò)偽裝表象讓別人誤認(rèn)為他聰明,也就是putonagoodappearance。因此本題正確答案為B。

12.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)takenote表示“做筆記”,B選項(xiàng)writenotes搭配不當(dāng),是中式表達(dá),C選項(xiàng)表示takenotice“注意到”,D選項(xiàng)takecare表示“當(dāng)心”。根據(jù)句意可知,學(xué)生在課堂上應(yīng)是“認(rèn)真聽(tīng)講并做筆記”。因此,本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

13.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)beupto表示“勝任;由……決定”,B選項(xiàng)dueto表示“由于”,C選項(xiàng)beboundto表示“必然,一定要”,D選項(xiàng)beaboutto表示“即將”。將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)代入原文分析可知,C選項(xiàng)最為合適,因此本題正確答案為C。

14.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)turnto表示“轉(zhuǎn)向;變成;求助于”,B選項(xiàng)whenitcomesto表示“當(dāng)提到,就……而論;”,C選項(xiàng)getto表示“到達(dá),開(kāi)始”,D選項(xiàng)leadto表示“導(dǎo)致;通向”。原句意思是“當(dāng)提到考試的時(shí)候”,故本題正確答案為B。

15.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)top表示“頂部”,B選項(xiàng)center表示“中心;中央”,C選項(xiàng)middle表示“中間的,中等的”,D選項(xiàng)bottom表示“底部的”。由本句中but可知,第二段最后一句與前面一句應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。前文提到學(xué)生上課認(rèn)真聽(tīng)講并做筆記,因此下文內(nèi)容應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)折為“成績(jī)卻墊底”,故本題正確答案為D。

16.考查形容詞辨析。因?yàn)楸恍揎椩~idea是名詞,所以空缺處應(yīng)為形容詞。D項(xiàng)topic表示“主題”,為名詞,可直接排除。A選項(xiàng)mere表示“僅僅的”,B選項(xiàng)major表示“主要的,主修的”,C選項(xiàng)main表示“主要的,最重要的”。main強(qiáng)調(diào)“主要的,至高的,中心的”,major強(qiáng)調(diào)“重要的,影響大的,要集中精力的”,而中心思想常翻譯為“mainidea”,故本題正確答案為C。

17.考查賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞??杖碧帒?yīng)為observe的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。A選項(xiàng)how表示“如何,多少”,B選項(xiàng)what表示“什么,多么”,C選項(xiàng)however表示“無(wú)論怎樣”,D選項(xiàng)whatever表示“無(wú)論什么”。react為不及物動(dòng)詞,后而不需要接賓語(yǔ),因此what和whatever排除,however不能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,因此本題正確選項(xiàng)為A項(xiàng)。

18.考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)中的比較級(jí)?!皌he+比較級(jí)……,the+比較級(jí)……”表示“越……就越……”。因此本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

19.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)likely表示“可能,或許”,B選項(xiàng)properly表示“恰當(dāng)?shù)兀缓侠淼亍?,C選項(xiàng)fortunately表示“幸運(yùn)地”,D選項(xiàng)necessarily表示“必要地,必然地”。句意可理解為“你觀察的情形越多,你的判斷可能會(huì)越正確”,因此正確答案為A。

20.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)counton表示“指望;依靠”,B選項(xiàng)aheadof表示“在……前”,C選項(xiàng)fallbehind表示“落后,拖欠”,D選項(xiàng)takeyourtime表示“別著急,從容做”。根據(jù)最后一句話“不要以貌取人”可知不要急于評(píng)判一個(gè)人。因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

9.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

RecentlybadairpollutioninBeijinghasledtoafloodofstrongcriticismfromthecountry'sstate-runmedia.Governmentofficialswereorderedtoreducevehicleuseovertheweekend,accordingtothestate-runXinhuanewsagency,whichalsocoveredthepollutionstoryextensively.Environmentalprotectionauthoritiespublisheddailyair-qualitymeasurements,butthosedidn'ttakeintoaccountthesmallerpollutionparticles,knownasPM2.5,thatpublichealthexpertssayarethemostdamagingtohumanhealth.

People'sDaily,meanwhile,ranafronteditorialundertheheadline"ABeautifulChinaStartswithHealthyBreathing"onMonday."Thevast,unmovinghazehasobscuredourvision,butithasmadetheurgencyofpollutioncontrolclearertous,"theeditorialsaid,notingthechallengestoChina’senvironmentfromrapidongoingindustrializationandurbanization.Post-crisisemergencymeasures,itcontinued,"cannotreplacesystematic,scientific,efficientandpowerfulmanagementoftheproblematitssource.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.

科學(xué)就是探求真理。在探求真理的過(guò)程中,人們對(duì)客觀規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)要經(jīng)過(guò)艱苦曲折的過(guò)程。常常有這樣的情形:由于研究的角度不同,掌握資料的差異,認(rèn)識(shí)方法的不同,以至引起學(xué)術(shù)上的爭(zhēng)論。因此,有作為的科學(xué)工作者都把反對(duì)的意見(jiàn)看作對(duì)自己的莫大幫助,把對(duì)自己的批評(píng)當(dāng)作最珍貴的友誼。這都是因?yàn)?,贊同的意?jiàn)未必正確,反對(duì)的意見(jiàn)未必錯(cuò)誤。退一步說(shuō),即使錯(cuò)誤的反對(duì)意見(jiàn),對(duì)自己的科學(xué)研究也是很有好處的。

【答案】SectionA

最近,北京嚴(yán)重的空氣污染引發(fā)了中國(guó)官方媒體的強(qiáng)烈批評(píng)。據(jù)廣泛報(bào)道污染事件的新華社報(bào)道,政府官員被要求在周末期間減少車輛使用。環(huán)境保護(hù)部門公布了每天的空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),但這些數(shù)據(jù)沒(méi)有將PM2.5等較小的污染顆粒計(jì)算在內(nèi)。公共衛(wèi)生專家說(shuō),PM2.5對(duì)人體健康的危害最大。

與此同時(shí),《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》周一在頭版發(fā)表了一篇題為《美麗中國(guó)從健康呼吸開(kāi)始》的社論。注意到中國(guó)快速發(fā)展的工業(yè)化和城市化給中國(guó)環(huán)境帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn),

社論指出:巨大的、靜止的霧霾遮蔽了我們的視野,但它讓我們更加清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到控制污染的緊迫性。它還指出,危機(jī)后的緊急措施“不能從根本上取代對(duì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)、科學(xué)、有效和強(qiáng)有力的管理”。

SectionB

Sciencemeanstheexplorationoftruth.Intheprocessofexploringtruth,people'sunderstandingofobjectivelawhastogothroughaarduousandtortuousprocess.Itisoftenthecasethatacademicdisputesarisebecauseofdifferentresearchperspectives,differentmasteryofmaterialsanddifferentmethodsofcognition.Therefore,accomplishedscientistsregardopposingopinionsasagreathelptothemselves,andtheircriticismasthemostvaluablefriendship.Thisisbecause,theopinionthatagreesmaynotberight,theopinionthatdisagreesmaynotbewrong.Tosaytheleast,evenafalseobjectionisgoodforone'sownscientificresearch.

10.單選題

Thecrowdcheeredin(

)whentheplayerscaughttheball.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.recognition

B.appreciation

C.interaction

D.participation

【答案】B

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。recognition“識(shí)別;承認(rèn),認(rèn)出;”;appreciation“欣賞,鑒別;感謝”;interaction“相互作用”;participation“參與;分享;參股”。根據(jù)cheer與caughttheball可知觀眾是因?yàn)榍虮唤幼g呼,對(duì)球員表示贊賞,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。句意:當(dāng)球員接住球時(shí),觀眾歡呼表示贊賞。

11.單選題

AmongthespeciesofseabirdsthatusethewindsweptcliffsoftheAtlanticcoastofCanadainthesummertomate,layeggs,andreartheiryoungarecommonmurres,Atlanticpuffins,black-leggedkittiwakes,andnortherngannets.Ofallthebirdsonthesecliffs,theblack-leggedkittiwakegullisthebestsuitedfornestingonnarrowledges.Althoughitsnestinghabitsaresimilartothoseofgullsthatnestonflatground,thereareanumberofimportantdifferencesrelatedtothecliff-nestinghabit,

Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgivesfromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravensandotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingonnarrowledgestostealeggs.Thisimmunityhasbeenfollowedbyarelaxationofthedefenses,andkittiwakesdonotreacttopredatorsnearlyasfiercelyasdoground-nestinggulls.AcolonyofBonaparte'sgullsrespondstotheappearanceofapredatoryherringgullbyflyingupasagroupwithaclamorofalarmcalls,followedbyconcertedmobbing,butkittiwakessimplyignoreherringgulfs,sincetheyposelittlethreattonestsoncliffs.Neitherdokittiwakesattempttoconcealtheirnest.Mostgullskeepthenestareaclearofdroppings,andremoveemptyeggshellsafterthechickshavehatched,sothatthelocationofthenestisnotgivenaway.Kittiwakesdefecateovertheedgeofthenest,whichkeepsitclean,butthispractice,aswellastheirtendencytoleavethenestlitteredwitheggshells,makesitslocationveryconspicuous.

Ontheotherhand,nestingonanarrowledgehasitsownpeculiarproblems,andkittiwakebehaviorhasbecomeadaptedtoovercomethem.Thefemalekittiwakesitswhenmating,whereasothergullsstand,sothepairwillnotoverbalanceandfallofftheledge.Thenestisadeepcup,madeofmudorseaweed,toholdtheeggssafely,comparedwiththeshallowscrapeofothergulls,andthechicksareremarkablyimmobileuntilfullygrown.Theydonotrunfromtheirnestswhenapproached,andiftheyshouldcomeneartothecliffedge,theyinstinctivelyturnback.

1.Whataspectofthekittiwakegulldoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theword“immunity”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto().

3.Whyisitdifficultforravenstostealthekittiwakes'eggs?

4.Theauthormentionsthateggshellslitterthenestsofkittiwakesinorderto().

5.Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeinferredthatwhichofthefollowingbirdsconcealtheirnest?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itsdefensivebehavior

B.Itinteractionswithothergullspecies

C.Itsnestinghabits

D.Itsphysicaldifferencefromothergullspecies

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.distance

B.transition

C.protection

D.reminder

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thekittiwakescanseetheravensapproachingthenest.

B.Theravenscannotlandonthenarrowledgeswherekittiwakesnest.

C.Thekittiwakes'eggsaretoobigfortheravenstocarry.

D.Thefemalekittiwakesrarelyleavethenest.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.demonstratethatkittiwakesarenotconcernedaboutpredators

B.provehowbusykittiwakesareincaringfortheiroffspring

C.showasimilaritytoothertypesofgulls

D.illustratekittiwakes’lackofconcernfortheirchick

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Bonaparte’sgulls

B.Atlanticpuffins

C.Kittiwakegulls

D.Northerngannets

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。分析文章內(nèi)容可知,第一段主要講不同于其它海鷗,三趾鷗習(xí)慣在峭壁上筑巢;第二段講三趾鷗在峭壁上筑巢的優(yōu)勢(shì);最后一段講了三趾鷗如何適應(yīng)在峭壁上筑巢。由此可知,本文敘述的主要內(nèi)容是三趾鷗的筑巢習(xí)慣。因此,本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

詞匯題。

2.由原文第二段Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmu

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