小學(xué)英語語法六種時態(tài)

--可編輯修改 -小學(xué)英語語法【一】一般現(xiàn)在時般現(xiàn)在時基本用法介紹一、一般現(xiàn)在時的功能.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：Theskyisblue.天空是藍色的。.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六點起床。.表示客觀現(xiàn)實。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。二、一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成.be動詞：肯定句：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一個男孩。.行為動詞：肯定句：主語+行為動詞(+其它 )。如： WestudyEnglish.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he,she,it)時，要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。動詞+s的變化規(guī)則．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,．以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：study-studies特殊：have has三、一般現(xiàn)在時的變化.be動詞的變化。否定句：主語+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。。一般疑問句：Be+主語+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Whereismybike?.行為動詞的變化。否定句：主語+don't(doesn't)+動詞原形(+其它)。如： Idon'tlikebread.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑問句：Do(Does)+主語+動詞原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句？如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?練習(xí).Heoften (have)dinnerathome..DanielandTommy (be)inClassOne..We (notwatch)TVonMonday..Nick (notgo)tothezooonSunday.. they (like)theWorldCup?.What theyoften (do)onSaturdays?. yourparents (read)newspaperseveryday?.Thegirl (teach)usEnglishonSundays..SheandI (take)awalktogethereveryevening..There (be)somewaterinthebottle..Mike (like)cooking..They (have)thesamehobby..Myaunt (look)afterherbabycarefully..Youalways (do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I (be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.16.She (go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao (do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften (watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang (have)eightlessonsthisterm.20.－Whatday (be)ittoday?－It’sSaturday.小學(xué)英語語法【二】現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時．現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。．現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動詞ing.．現(xiàn)在進行時的否定句在 be后加not。．現(xiàn)在進行時的一般疑問句把 be動詞調(diào)到句首。．現(xiàn)在進行時的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞+be+主語+動詞ing?但疑問詞當(dāng)主語時其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞+be+動詞ing?標(biāo)志詞：looknowlistenIt’s+點鐘動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則．一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking．以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting,write—writing,ride—riding,have—havingcome—comingdance—dancinglive—livingtake—takingskate—skating．如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：swim—swimmingbegin—beginningrun-running,sit—sittingput—puttingget—gettingshop—shoppingstop--stopping現(xiàn)在進行時練習(xí)Theboy (draw)apicturenow.Listen.Somegirls (sing)intheclassroom.Mymother (cook)somenicefoodnow.What you (do)now?Look.They (have)anEnglishlesson.They (not,water)theflowersnow.Look!thegirls (dance)intheclassroom.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She (listen)tomusic.It’s5o’clocknow.We (have)suppernowHelen (wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.小學(xué)英語語法【三】一般將來時一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中——般有以下時間狀語： tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year …),soon,thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。--可編輯修改 --可編輯修改--可編輯修改-二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①begoingto+do；②will+do.三、否定句：在be動詞(am,is,are)后加not或情態(tài)動詞will后加not成won't。例如：I'mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.—I'mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑問句：be或will提到句首，some改為any,and改為or,第一二人稱互換。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.—Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?五、對劃線部分提問。一般情況，一般將來時的對劃線部分有三種情況。.問人。Who例如：UmgoingtoNewYorksoon. —Who'sgoingtoNewYorksoon..問干什么。What???do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethis afternoon.—Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon..問什么時候。When.例如：She'sgoingtogotobedatnine.—Whenisshegoingtobed?六、同義句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow (明天).=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.練習(xí).Todayisasunnyday.Wehave)apicnicthisafternoon..Mybrother (go)toShanghainextweek..Tomoften (go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He (go)toschoolbybike..Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually (watch)TVand (catch)insects?15.It’sFridaytoday.What___she (do)thisweekend?She (watch)TVand (catch)insects..What (d0)youdolastSunday?I (pick)applesonafarm.What (do)nextSunday?I (milk)cows..Mary (visit)hergrandparentstomorrow..LiuTao (fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday..David (give)apuppetshownextMonday.20.I (plan)formystudynow小學(xué)英語語法【四】一般過去時般過去時語法介紹1．一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作感謝。．Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化：⑴am和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。(wasnot=wasn't)⑵are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。(werenot=weren 't)⑶帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is,am,are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把 was或were調(diào)到句首。．句中沒有 be動詞的一般過去時的句子否定句：didn’t+動詞原形，如：Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑問句：⑴疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑問詞當(dāng)主語時：疑問詞+動詞過去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?二、動詞過去式變化規(guī)則．一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked．結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted．末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變 y為i，再加-ed，如：study-studied．不規(guī)則動詞過去式：-可編輯修改--可編輯修改-詞義現(xiàn)在（原形）過去式詞義現(xiàn)在（原形）過去式是am,is(be)was忘記forgetforgot是are(be)were得到getgot成為becomebecame給givegave開始beginbegan走gowent彎曲bendbent成長growgrew吹blowblew有have,hashad買buybought聽hearheard能cancould受傷hurthurt捕捉catchcaught保持keepkept選擇choosechose知道knowknew來comecame學(xué)習(xí)learnlearned,learnt切cutcut允許，讓letlet做do,doesdid躺lielay畫drawdrew制造makemade飲drinkdrank可以maymight吃eatate意味meanmeant感覺feelfelt會見meetmet發(fā)現(xiàn)findfound必須mustmust飛flyflew放置putput讀readread將shallshould騎、乘riderode唱歌singsang響、鳴ringrang坐下sitsat跑runran睡覺sleepslept說看見saysaid說speakspokeseesaw度過spendspent掃sweepswept(一)用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Iatschooljustnow.Heatthecamplastweek.Westudentstwoyearsago.Theyonthefarmamomentago.YangLingelevenyearsoldlastyear.Thereanappleontheplateyesterday.TheresomemilkinthefridgeonSunday.五、行為動詞的過去時練習(xí)一(一)用行為動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空He(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.Thecat(eat)abirdlastnight.We(have)apartylastHalloween.--可編輯修改 -Nancy (pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.I (make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.They (play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.Mymother (cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.Thegirls (sing)and___(dance)attheparty.-可編輯修改--可編輯修改-小學(xué)英語語法【五】現(xiàn)在完成時1）現(xiàn)在完或心I常表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。說話人強調(diào)的是該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的 結(jié)果或影響。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女兒剛出去。I'msurewe'vemetbefore. 我肯定我們以前見過面。Shehasarrived.她至口了。2）表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，如recently,already,just,lately,for …，since…,yet等。如：Ihaven'theardfromherthesedays. 這些日子我沒有收到她的信。Wehaven'tseenyourecently. 最近我們沒有見至U你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears. 他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.3）.現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.6.havebeento和havegoneto的區(qū)另Uhavebeento強調(diào)“去過”，現(xiàn)已不在那里，如：HehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他到美國去過三次。（過去“到美國”，現(xiàn)在已“不在美國”）havegoneto主要強調(diào)的是“去了”，現(xiàn)在人不在說話的現(xiàn)場，如：--Where'syourmother?-- 你媽媽在哪？--Shehasgonetothehospital.--她去醫(yī)院了。一結(jié)構(gòu)「1.肯定句：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞+其他.否定句：主語+have/has+not+ 動詞的過去分詞+其他3.一般疑問句：have/has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他Yes,主語+have/has.No,主語+have/has+not（4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他二常和現(xiàn)在完成時一起連用的時間狀語注意：.現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與準(zhǔn)確時間連用， （如表示過去的時間狀語）如yesterday（morning、afternoon）,last（morning、afternoon）等，除非與for,since連用.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用如already（肯定）,yet（否定，疑問）,just,before,recently,still,lately,Just,already,yet,ever,never,before,twice（重復(fù)性時間），for+短時間，since+點時間，sofar,howlong提問的疑問句中 Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?--可編輯修改 -現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如ever,never,twice,severaltimes等:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijingIhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanseveraltimes.現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,如uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,just,uptopresent(now),sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.三當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時與表示短時間的時間狀語連用時，謂語動詞必須使用延續(xù)性動詞。如果謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞則轉(zhuǎn)化為對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞。若不是和短時間連用，則不用轉(zhuǎn)化。英語的行為動詞有持續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的區(qū)別。持續(xù)性動詞:表示一個動作可以持續(xù)一段時間或更長時間。常見的study,play,do,read,learn,drive,write,clean,sleep,speak,talk,wait,fly,stay,sit,stand,lie,keep等。瞬間性動詞 :表示一個動作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱終止性動詞。。常見的--begin,start,finish,go,come,leave,find,getup,arrive,reach,getto,enter,hear,stop,open,close,become,buy,borrow,lend,happen,join,lose,renew,die,takeaway,putup,setout,puton,geton/off等瞬間性動詞在完成時中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用，通常用意思相當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動詞來替換Hehasbeeninthearmy/asoldierforthreeyears.（他參軍已有 3年了。）不用hasjoinedShehasbeenupforquitesometime.（她起床已有好久了。）不用hasgotupHasyourbrotherbeenawayfromhomeforalongtime?（離家已有好久了嗎？）不用hasleft常用瞬間動詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動詞關(guān)系：1、go—beaway2、come—behere3、comeback—beback4、leave—beaway（benothere）5、buy—have6、borrow—keep7、die——bedead8、begin——beon9、finish—beover10、open——beopen11、close——beclosed12、lose——belost13、gettoknow—know14、turnon—beon15、getup beup16、sitdown—sit/beseated 17、join—bein（…）或bea…member18、become—be瞬間動詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用例如：Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.（好久沒見到你了。）一、單項選擇、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey what’shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknowHehas beentoShanghai,hashe?A.already B.never C.ever D.stillHaveyoumetMr.Li ？A.justB.ago C.before D.amomentagoThefamouswriter onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswriting B.waswritingC.wrote D.haswritten—Ourcountry alotsofar. —Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven A.haschanged;well B.changed;goodC.haschanged;better D.changed;betterZhaoLan already inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studying B.will;studyC.has;studied D.are;studyingWe XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.know B.hadknown C.haveknownD.knewHarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseen C.saw D.see—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates—Really?When there?A.willtheygo B.didtheygoC.dotheygo D.havetheygone— you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I itamomentago.-可編輯修改--可編輯修改-A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedA.Did;do;finishedD.will;do;finishC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish11、HisfatherthePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeeninA.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.Wefriendssincetenyearsago.—Sure.WeA.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemad113、—HowlonghaveyouA.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemad113、—Howlonghaveyouhere?—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.ArrivedA.beenB.goneC.comeD.Arrived14、Hurryup!Theplayfortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegun14、Hurryup!Theplayfortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.Began15、ItA.isB.hasC.willD.Was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.shetothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.went15、ItA.isB.hasC.willD.Was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.shetothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen17、MyparentsShandongfortenyears.tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.B.havebeentoD.havebeen19A.sotheyB.don'ttheyC.havetheyhasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasinceheD.haven'ttheytoChina?B.havebeentoD.havebeen19A.sotheyB.don'ttheyC.havetheyhasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasinceheD.haven'ttheytoChina?A.havebeeninC.havegoneto18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,

B.Howoften,gotD.Howfar,arrivedB.hasstartedtoworkB.Howoften,gotD.Howfar,arrivedB.hasstartedtoworkD.haslefttheuniversityC.Howlong,cameHisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereC.haslivedthere小學(xué)英語語法【六】過去進行時過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或者某段時間正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，常和表過去的時間狀語連用，如：Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday. 昨天的這個時候我正在做作業(yè)。Theywerewaitingforyouyesterday. 他們昨天——直在等你。過去進行時的構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語+was/were+V-ing否定形式：主語+wasnot(wasn't)/werenot(weren't)+V-ing疑問形式：Was/Were+主語+V-ing?；居梅ǎ?過去進行時表示過去某一段時間或某一時刻正在進行的動作。常與之連用的時間狀語有,atthattime/moment,(at)thistimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week …)，at+點鐘+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday …)，whensb.didsth等時間狀語從句，如：--可編輯修改 -昨天晚上七點你在干什么?Whatwereyoudoingat7p.m.yesterday?昨天晚上七點你在干什么?IfirstmetMarythreeyearsago.Shewasworkingataradioshopatthetime.我第一次遇到瑪麗是在三年前，當(dāng)時她在一家無線電商店工作。Iwascookingwhensheknockedatthedoor.她敲門時我正在做飯。.when后通常用表示暫短性動詞，while后通常用表示持續(xù)性動詞，因此它所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語動詞常用進行時態(tài)，如：WhenthecarexplodedIwaswalkingpastit.=WhileIwaswalkingpastthecaritexploded..when用作并列連詞時，主句常用進行時態(tài)，從句則用一般過去時，表示主句動作發(fā)生的過程中，另一個意想不到的動作發(fā)生了。如：Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhensomeonecalledme. 我正在街上走時突然有人喊我。.when作并列連詞，表示 “（這時）突然 ”之意時，第一個并列分句用過去進行時，when引導(dǎo)的并列分句用一般過去時。如：IwastakingawalkwhenImethim.我正在散步，突然遇見了他。Wewereplayingoutsidewhenitbegantorain.我們正在外邊玩，這時下起雨來了一般過去時與過去進行時的用法比較：一般過去時表示 “在過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) ”，而過去進行時則表示“在過去某個特定時間正在進行的動作 ”。如：Tomwrotealettertohisfriendlastnight.湯姆昨晚給他的朋友寫了封信。（信寫完了）Tomwaswritingalettertohisfriendlastnight.湯姆昨晚一直在給他的朋友寫信。（信不一定寫完，只是強調(diào)了動作的延續(xù)性）。過去進行時和一般過去時的差別：一般過去時表示 “在過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) ”，而過去進行時則表示“在過去某個特定時間正在進行的動作 ”。例如：IwasreadinganEnglishnovellastnight.昨晚我在看一本英文小說。（可能沒看完）IreadanEnglishnovellastnight我昨晚看了一本英文小說。（已經(jīng)看完）二、選擇題。（）1.I cookedamealwhenyou me.a.cooked,wereringing b.wascooking,rangc.wascooking,wereringing d.cooked,rang（）2.Hesaidhe todrawaplaneontheblackboardatthattime.a.tries b.triedc.wastrying d.willtry（）3.Whileshe TV,she asoundoutsidetheroom.a.waswatching,washearing b.watched,washearingc.watched,heard d.waswatching,heard（）4.They afootballgamefrom7to9lastnight.a.werewatching b.watchc.watched d.arewatching)5.Whatbook you whenI youatfouryesterdayafternoon?a.did,read,wasseeing b.did,read,sawc.were,reading,saw d.were,reading,wasseeing)6.ItwasFridayevening.MrandMrs.Green readytoflytoEngland.a.aregetting b.getc.weregetting d.got)7.LeiFeng always ofotherswhenhe inthearmy.a.is,thinking,was b.was,thinking,isc.did,think,is d.was,thinking,was)8.Agirl mypenfalloffthetablewhenshe me.a.saw,passed b.wasseeing,passedc.wasseeing,passed d.wasseeing,waspassing)9.We fortomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus .a.werewaiting,waiting b.werewaiting,waitc.waited,waiting d.waited,wait)10.He hisfatheronthefarmthewholeafternoonlastSaturday.a.helps b.wouldhelpc.washelping d.ishelping)11.Whilemother somewashing,I akiteforKate.a.did,made b.wasdoing,madec.wasdoing,wasmaking d.did,wasmaking)12.“ youangrythen?” “they toomuchnoise.”a.are,weremaking b.were,weremakingc.are,made d.were,made)13.He some