定語從句解析與練習(xí)

定語從句解析與練習(xí)定語從句解析與練習(xí)定語從句解析與練習(xí)V:1.0精細(xì)整理，僅供參考定語從句解析與練習(xí)日期：20xx年X月高一英語期末復(fù)習(xí)定語從句一.1.定語從句在復(fù)合句中作定語，用修飾句子中某一名詞、代詞或整個(gè)主句的從句叫定語從句。2.定語從句的位置：放在被修飾的名詞或代詞的后面。如：Themanwhohasanumbrellainhishandismyuncle.(手上抓了一把雨傘的人是我的叔叔。)3.定語從句的相關(guān)名稱：被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的連接詞稱為關(guān)系詞,其中that、which、who、whom、whose、as(沒有what)稱為關(guān)系代詞,where、when、why(沒有how)為關(guān)系副詞。Thisisthethief(that/who/whom)wehavebeenlookingfor先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句4.定語從句關(guān)系詞的作用：1.起著連接先行詞和從句的作用,2.同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分，3.替代先行詞。.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語)二.定語從句的種類：限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1、限制性定語從句:從句與主句關(guān)系密切,從句對主句起修飾限定作用，去掉從句,主句意義不完整,甚至不合邏輯。.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.(去掉定語從句,意思就不完整)2、非限制性定語從句:從句對先行詞關(guān)系不密切,從句對主句起補(bǔ)充說明作用，去掉定語從句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號隔開,不能that用引導(dǎo)。.Tom'sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.(who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來翻譯))定語從句的各個(gè)關(guān)系詞：1．who,whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句who,whom用于代替人。who在定語從句中作主語；whom在定語從句中作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語，在限制性定語中可以省略，在口語中可用who代替whom。Themanwhowrotethisbookisafriendofmine.Isthattheboy（whom/who）youspokeoftheotherday2．which引導(dǎo)的定語從句which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，在限制性定語中作賓語中可以省略。Heisdrivingacarwhichcantravel150milesanhour.Theclock（which）mygrandfatherboughtisstillingoodorder.3．that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that指人或指物，在定語從句中作主語，賓語或表語。Heisamanthat/whomeanswhathesays.他是個(gè)說話算數(shù)的人。Thepictures（that/which）Ihadtakenwonthefirstprize.Hedoesn’tseemtobethemanthathewas.他似乎和過去大不一樣。（that代替theman作was的表語）4．whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句whose指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作定語。指物時(shí)可與ofwhich互換使用，指人時(shí)可與ofwhom互換使用.Ihaveaclassmatewhosefatherisamayor.Iliveinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.Iliveinthehousethewindowsofwhichfacesouth.=ofwhichthewindowsfacesouthWelookedatthetowerwhosetipwasgolden=thetipofwhichwasgolden.5．關(guān)系副詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句，分別修飾表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的先行詞，并分別在從句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語。關(guān)系副詞也可以根據(jù)在句中的搭配關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。Ishallneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIenteredtheuniversity.Isthatthefactorywhere/inwhichyouworkedtwoyearsagoThatisthereasonwhy（that/forwhich）I’minfavouroftheplan.6．“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句用在介詞后面關(guān)系代詞是whom,which,whose。HeistellingastoryofLeiFengofwhomeveryoneofusisproud.Theytiredtothinkofaplan,bywhichtheycouldcompletethetaskaheadoftime.Pleasetellthechiefmanagerfromwhoseroomhissecretarytookawayalltheimportantpapers.定語從句中的介詞通常置于關(guān)系代詞之前，也可在從句謂語動(dòng)詞之后。但是含有介詞的短語動(dòng)詞一般不可拆開，介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞之后。inwhichIworkedThecompanywhich/that）Iworkedinisgoingfrombadtoworse.Yourrudeness,whichwehaveputupwithtoolong,isbeginning.toannoyourcustomers.你的粗魯，這我們早就受夠了，現(xiàn)又在惹怒我們顧客。（putupwith“忍受”，是固定短語，不可將with與putup拆開）7．a(chǎn)s與which用法比較1）在非限制性定語從句中，as/which均可代替前面的整個(gè)句子。Themanwasateacher,as/whichwasabviousfromhiswayofspeaking.由那個(gè)男人說話的樣子，可明顯看出他是個(gè)老師。但由as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以前置，而which不可以。Aswasexpected,heperformedthetasksuccessfully.正如所預(yù)料的那樣，他成功地完成了任務(wù)。2）as作關(guān)系代詞可用于thesame…as,such…as句型中，as在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。Canyougivesuchlecturesaswillinterestus你能不能作使我們感興趣的講座=Canyougivethelectureswhichwillinterestus.（as代替lectures,作主語）Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowdays.你描繪的這種人現(xiàn)在已很少見了。（as代替people,作describe賓語）Wearefacingthesameproblemswhichwefaceyearsago.（as代替problems,作賓語）3）當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時(shí),常用which引導(dǎo)。.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn'tlikeatall.使用定語從句應(yīng)注意的問題：1）必須用關(guān)系代詞that的幾種情況a）先行詞為something,nothing,all等不定代詞；先行詞被形容詞最高級，序數(shù)詞，only,very修飾All（that）Iwantispeaceandfreedom.我要的是和平和自由。ThisistheverybookthatIhavebeenlongingtoget.這正是我一直渴望得到的書。b）并列的兩個(gè)先行詞分別表示人或物Inhisspeechhetalkedofhisexperiencesandhiskindmotherthatimpressedhimdeeply.2）在非限制定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)不能省略Sheintroducedmetoherhusband,whomIhadn’tmetbefore.3)用which而不用that的情況:①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;②代表整個(gè)主句的意思;③介詞+關(guān)系代詞。.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格,這使他的父親很生氣。Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.這是父親去年居住過的房子。4）定語從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠先行詞,中間由一個(gè)定語、狀語或謂語隔開。.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan'tunderstand.5）關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語說得很流利。ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.定語從句關(guān)系詞的確定依據(jù)三點(diǎn)：1）引導(dǎo)的從句的限制性和非限制性2）所替代的先行詞是人還是物3）從句中所缺的成分，若從句缺主語、賓語、表語，用關(guān)系代詞。若從句不缺主語、賓語、表語，用關(guān)系副詞。1.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.

A.ofwhom

B.whom

C.ofwhose

D.whose2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.

A.it

B.which

C.this

D.that3.Inthedarkstreet,

therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp

A.that

B.who

C.fromwhomD.towhom4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.itlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.

A.which

B.where

C.that

D.when6．CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,＿＿＿personallyIdoubtverymuch.

A.it

B.that

C.when

D.which7．Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.

A．who

B．which

C．this

D．what8.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_____wasveryreasonable.A.whichprice

B.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhosehasalreadybeenpointedout,

grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.

A.As

B.It

C.That

D.Which10.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.

A.this

B.which

C.that

D.same11.thewallhungapicture,_____colorisblue.

A.whose

B.ofwhich

C.which

D.itsImethim,____wasfairlyoften,Ilikehissweetandhopefulsmile.

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.when13.Thevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicture_____standsthefamoustower.

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.thereboss____departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.

A.inwhich

B.inthat

C.inwhose

D.whose15.Idon’tlike_____youspeaktoher.

A.theway

B.thewayinthat

C.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich16.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.

A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitis

C.whichIthinkitthinkwhichis

wasveryrudetothecustomsofficer,____ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.

A.who

B.whom

C.what

D.which

18.TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.

A.forwhich

B.atwhich

C.inwhich

D.onw