考研考博-英語(yǔ)-同濟(jì)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-同濟(jì)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Notallpersonsarrestedand（）withacrimeareguilty,andthemainfunctionofcriminalcourtsistodeterminewhoisguiltyunderthelaw.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sentenced

B.accused

C.persecuted

D.charged

【答案】D

【解析】sentenced判決，審判；accused指控，控告；persecuted迫害；charged指控，控告。句意：并非所有被逮捕和被指控犯罪的人都是有罪的，刑事法院的主要職能是根據(jù)法律確定誰(shuí)是有罪的。accused和charged都有指控的意思，但是accused不能與介詞with搭配，而應(yīng)與of搭配，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.單選題

Manyyearsago,IwasinterviewingforaCIO(ChiefInformationOfficer)positionatBrownUniversity.HowardSwearer,thepresidentofBrownatthattime,askedme:“Whatisthegreatest（1）thatyouwouldbringtotheposition?”Ianswered:“Iammultilingual.”He（2）atmeforamoment,asifIhadlostmymindentirely.Iwentonto（3）thatIwascapableofeffectively（4）withfaculty,withstudents,withvendors,withtrustees,andwithotheradministrators.TheCIOneedstobeabletointeracteffectivelyandberespectedbyavarietyofaudiences.

Effectivenessofinteractionis（5）onwhetherornotanindividualcanunderstandthe（6）andproblemsbeingfacedbyaparticularuser.Thisistrueontheacademicsideofthehouse,whereoneneedstounderstandthetechnologyrequirementsandproblemsofaparticlephysicist,aclassicist,oraneconomist.Therearedifferent（7）fordatafiles,transmissionspeeds,andmanyotherITissuesthatdirectlyaffectthescholarshipofthesevaryingdisciplines.Theabilityto（8）someofthesescholarlyrequirementsis（9）tobeingviewedasapartnerintheacademicenterpriseratherthanjustassomebureaucratwhohas（10）fortheITenvironmentoncampus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.trength

B.news

C.possibility

D.change

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.nterviewed

B.stared

C.wondered

D.angered

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.nswer

B.explain

C.indicate

D.demonstrate

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.alking

B.speaking

C.cooperating

D.communicating

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.epended

B.based

C.resulted

D.taken

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.hocks

B.worries

C.questions

D.concerns

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.eeds

B.issues

C.elements

D.concerns

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.now

B.findout

C.lookfor

D.understand

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.pecial

B.inevitable

C.essential

D.required

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.oncerns

B.worries

C.responsibility

D.confidence

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:C

【解析】1.名詞辨析。strength力量,優(yōu)勢(shì);news新聞,消息;possibility可能性,可能發(fā)生的事物;change變化,找回的零錢。根據(jù)下文中的回答"Iammultilingual(我能使用多種語(yǔ)言)”可知A符合句意。

2.固定搭配。此處句意為:他盯了我一會(huì)兒,似乎我已完全神志不清。Stareat凝視,盯住。

3.動(dòng)詞辨析。此處句意為:我繼續(xù)解釋…。answer回答;explain說(shuō)明,解釋;indicate表明,指出,預(yù)示;demonstrate證明,展示。故選B。

4.動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。此處句意為:首席信息官需要能與各種受眾進(jìn)行有效的交流且被后者尊敬。talk談話;speak說(shuō)話,演講;cooperate合作,配合;communicate通訊,相通,交流。故選D。

5.固定搭配。此處句意為:互動(dòng)的有效性建立在此基礎(chǔ)上:一個(gè)人能否懂得特定使用者面臨的……和問(wèn)題。bebasedon建立在…基礎(chǔ)上。

6.名詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。shock休克,震驚,震動(dòng);worry擔(dān)心,煩惱;question問(wèn)題,疑問(wèn),詢問(wèn);concern關(guān)系,關(guān)心,擔(dān)心,憂慮。And連接空格和problems(問(wèn)題),因此推測(cè)D項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.名詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。need需求,要求;issue問(wèn)題,發(fā)布;element元素,成分;concern關(guān)系,關(guān)心?？崭袂熬湟鉃?這在學(xué)院的學(xué)術(shù)方面是真實(shí)的,在這里一個(gè)人需要其懂得粒子物理學(xué)家、古典主義者或經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的技術(shù)需求和問(wèn)題。由此可知A項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.邏輯分析。know知道,認(rèn)識(shí),懂得;findout査明,發(fā)現(xiàn);lookfor尋找,understand理解,懂得。前面句子指出:needstounderstandthetechnologyrequirementsandproblemsofaparticlephysicist,aclassicist,oraneconomist(需要懂得粒子物理學(xué)家、古典主義者或經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的技術(shù)需求和問(wèn)題),因此此處表示:理解這些學(xué)術(shù)需要的能力,因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.短語(yǔ)辨析。由空格后“viewedasapartnerintheacademicenterprise被認(rèn)為是學(xué)術(shù)事業(yè)上的合作者”的對(duì)應(yīng)知這里指代“必不可少的能力”,beessentialtobeing是必不可少的,故選C。其他搭配為:bespecialto是…所特有的;beinevitableto是不可避免的;berequiredto被要求。

10.名詞辨析。句意:理解這些學(xué)術(shù)要求的能力對(duì)于被視為學(xué)術(shù)企業(yè)的合作伙伴來(lái)說(shuō)是非常重要的,而不僅僅是一些對(duì)校園IT環(huán)境負(fù)責(zé)的官僚。因此C項(xiàng)“責(zé)任,職責(zé),義務(wù)”正確。

3.單選題

Agreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayforthe（

）ofbecomingwhitecollarworkers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.privilege

B.advantage

C.profit

D.preference

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。privilege“特權(quán)”；advantage“優(yōu)勢(shì)”；profit“利潤(rùn)，利益”；preference“偏愛(ài)，傾向”。句意：很多人愿意為白領(lǐng)階層的優(yōu)越性而放棄更高的工資。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Indevelopingamodelofcognition,wemustrecognizethatperceptionoftheexternalworlddoesnotalwaysremainindependentofmotivation.Whileprogresstowardmaturityispositivelycorrelatedwithdifferentiationbetweenmotivationandcognition,tensionwill,eveninthematureadult,militate(產(chǎn)生作用或影響)towardsanarrowingoftherangeofperception.Cognitioncanbeseenasthefirststepinthesequenceeventsleadingfromtheexternalstimulustothebehavioroftheindividual.Thechilddevelopsfrombeliefthatallthingsareanextensionofitsownbodytotherecognitionthatobjectsexistindependentofhisperception.Hebeginstodemonstrateawareness,ofpeopleandthingswhichareremovedfromhissensoryapparatusandinitiatesgoal-directedbehaviors.Hemay,however,refusetorecognizetheexistenceofbarrierstotheattainmentofhisgoal,despitethefactthathiscognitionoftheseobjectshasbeenpreviouslydemonstrated.

Intheprimitivebeings,goal-directedbehaviorcanbeverysimplemotivated.Thepresenceofanattractiveobjectwillcauseaninfanttoreachforit;itsremovalwillresultinthecessationofthataction.Studieshaveshownnoevidenceoftheinfant’sfrustration;rather,itappearsthattheinfant’sattentiontotheattractiveobjectincreasesasaresultofitsnotbeinginhisgrasp.Infact,ifheholdsatoyandanotherispresented,heislikelytodropthefirstinordertoclutchthesecond.Often,oncehehastheonedesiredinhishand,helosesattentionandturnstosomethingelse.

Inadultlife,merecognitioncanbesimilarlymotivational,althoughthevisiblepresenceoftheopportunityisnotrequiredastheinstigatorofresponse.Thematureadultmodifieshisreactionbyobtaininginformation,interpretingit,andexaminingconsequences.Heformulatesahypothesisandattemptstotestit.Hesearchesoutimplicitrelationships,examinesallfactors,anddifferentiatesamongthem.Justasthetrainedartistcanseparatethevalueofcolor,composition,andtechnique,whiletakinginandevaluatingthewholework,so,too,thematurepersonbringshiscognitivelearningstrengthtobearinappraisingasituation.

Understandingthatcognitionisseparatefromaction,hisreactionsareonlyminimallyguidedfromconditioning,andtakeintoconsiderationanticipatableevents.

Theimpactofthesocializationprocessparticularlythatofparentalandsocialgroupideology,mayreducecognitivedirectedbehavior.Thetensionthusproduced,asforinstancethestressoffear,anger,orextremeemotion,willoftenbetheoverridinginfluence.Theevolutionaryprocessofdevelopmentfrom,bodyschemathroughcognitivelearningissimilarlymanifestedintheprocessoflanguageacquisition.Auditingdevelopsfirst,readingandwritingmuchlateron.Notonlyisthisevidentinthedevelopmentoftheindividualbeingfrominfancyon,butalsointhedevelopmentoflanguageforhumankind.

Everynormalinfanthasthephysiologicalequipmentnecessarytoproducesound,butthechildmustfirstmastertheiruseforsucking,biting,andchewingbeforehecancontrolhisequipmentforuseinproducingthesoundsoflanguage.Thebabbleandchatteroftheinfantareprecursors(先驅(qū))tointelligiblevocalcommunication.

Fromtheearliertimes,itisclearthatlanguageandhumanthoughthavebeenintimatelyconnected.Sendingorreceivingmessages,fromprimitivewarningsofdangertoexplainingcreativeorreflectivethinking,thisaspectofcognitivedevelopmentisalsofirmlylinkedtotheneedsandaspirationsofsociety.

1.Howdoesachilddevelophisperception?

2.Accordingtothepassage,theinfantmaybemostinterestedin____.

3.Whatstimulatesadults’motivationalcognition?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheinfluenceofsocializationprocess?

5.Whatlinkscognitivedevelopmenttotheneedsofsociety?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Strongmotivationsgiverisetoperception.

B.Heholdstheconvictionthatthingsaroundhimarepartsofextendedbodyandlaterongivesitup.

C.Parentsandteachersplayakeyroleinhisdevelopmentofcognition.

D.Hebelievesthatobjectsaroundhimareindependentofhisperception.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.playingwithothers

B.chattering

C.thingsoutofhisgrasp

D.laughing

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Predictablepresenceofopportunities.

B.Visiblesignsofopportunities.

C.Instigator.

D.Approachableinformation.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Producetension.

B.Produceextremeemotion.

C.Reduceone’scognitivelyguidedbehavior.

D.Createsocialgroupideology.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Practicalpurpose.

B.Naturalhumancognitivedevelopment.

C.Language.

D.Warningofdanger.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Howdoesachilddevelophisperception?一個(gè)兒童是怎樣發(fā)展他的認(rèn)知的？

A.Strongmotivationsgiverisetoperception.A.強(qiáng)烈的動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)產(chǎn)生感知。

B.Heholdstheconvictionthatthingsaroundhimarepartsofextendedbodyandlaterongivesitup.B.他堅(jiān)信他周圍的東西是身體延伸的一部分，后來(lái)又放棄了這個(gè)想法。

C.Parentsandteachersplayakeyroleinhisdevelopmentofcognition.C.家長(zhǎng)和教師在他的認(rèn)知發(fā)展中起著關(guān)鍵作用。

D.Hebelievesthatobjectsaroundhimareindependentofhisperception.D.他相信他周圍的物體是獨(dú)立于他的感知的。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞achilddevelophisperception定位到原文第1段4句，該句提到“兒童從（from）相信一切事物都是自己身體的延伸（allthingsareanextensionofitsownbody）到（to）認(rèn)識(shí)到（therecognitionthat）物體獨(dú)立于他的知覺(jué)而存在?！庇纱丝芍瑑和恼J(rèn)知發(fā)展過(guò)程是，一開(kāi)始“認(rèn)為一切事物都是自己身體的延伸”，后來(lái)意識(shí)到“物體獨(dú)立于他的知覺(jué)而存在”。B選項(xiàng)“他堅(jiān)信他周圍的東西是身體延伸的一部分，后來(lái)又放棄了這個(gè)想法”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)烈的動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)產(chǎn)生感知”，可定位到原文第1段第1句，該句提到“對(duì)外部世界的感知并不總是獨(dú)立于動(dòng)機(jī)”，由此可知，對(duì)外部世界的感知與動(dòng)機(jī)有關(guān)，這只是介紹了可能與認(rèn)知發(fā)展有關(guān)的原因，并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)他的認(rèn)知是如何發(fā)展的，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“家長(zhǎng)和教師在他的認(rèn)知發(fā)展中起著關(guān)鍵作用”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“他相信他周圍的物體是獨(dú)立于他的感知的”，這是兒童后期的認(rèn)識(shí)，沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)他的認(rèn)知是如何發(fā)展的，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,theinfantmaybemostinterestedin____.根據(jù)文章，嬰兒可能對(duì)____最感興趣。

A.playingwithothersA.和別人一起玩

B.chatteringB.閑聊

C.thingsoutofhisgraspC.他控制范圍外的事物

D.laughingD.笑

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theinfant和mostinterested定位到原文第2段第3句。該句提到“研究表明，嬰兒對(duì)有吸引力的物體的注意力增加是因?yàn)槲矬w不在他的手中（notbeinginhisgrasp）?！北径巫詈笠痪涮岬健巴ǔ?，一旦他得到了他想要的東西，他就會(huì)失去注意力，轉(zhuǎn)向別的東西?！庇纱丝芍?，嬰兒對(duì)于不在他控制范圍內(nèi)的、他沒(méi)有得到的東西最感興趣，C選項(xiàng)“他控制范圍外的事物”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“和別人一起玩”、B選項(xiàng)“閑聊”、D選項(xiàng)“笑”，原文均未提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatstimulatesadults’motivationalcognition?是什么刺激了成年人的動(dòng)機(jī)性認(rèn)知？

A.Predictablepresenceofopportunities.A.可預(yù)見(jiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)。

B.Visiblesignsofopportunities.B.可見(jiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)的跡象。

C.Instigator.C.煽動(dòng)者。

D.Approachableinformation.D.可接觸到的信息。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞adults’motivationalcognition定位到原文第3段。本段第2句提到“成熟的成年人通過(guò)獲取信息（obtaininginformation）、解釋信息（interpretingit）和檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果（examiningconsequences）來(lái)改變自己的反應(yīng)”，最后一句提到“在接受和評(píng)估的同時(shí)，成年人也會(huì)運(yùn)用他的認(rèn)知學(xué)習(xí)能力（bringshiscognitivelearningstrength）來(lái)評(píng)估一種情況?！庇纱丝芍赡耆嗽谔幚硇畔⒌臅r(shí)候會(huì)調(diào)動(dòng)自己的認(rèn)知學(xué)習(xí)能力，所以，刺激成年人動(dòng)機(jī)性認(rèn)知的是他獲取到的信息，D選項(xiàng)“可接觸到的信息”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“可預(yù)見(jiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)”，可定位到原文第3段第1句，該句提到“在成人生活中，純粹的認(rèn)知也具有類似的動(dòng)機(jī)性，盡管并不一定需要看得見(jiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)的存在（thevisiblepresenceoftheopportunity）來(lái)激發(fā)反應(yīng)?！庇纱丝芍?，并不一定需要可預(yù)見(jiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)激發(fā)反應(yīng)，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)“可見(jiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)的跡象”，同A選項(xiàng)，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“煽動(dòng)者”，原文提到instigator是在第3段第1句后半句“并不一定需要看得見(jiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)的存在來(lái)激發(fā)反應(yīng)（astheinstigatorofresponse）”，此處，instigator指的是刺激反應(yīng)的可預(yù)見(jiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)，并且從A選項(xiàng)分析可知，這并不是引發(fā)成年人動(dòng)機(jī)性認(rèn)知的東西，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念且曲解原文。

第4題:

【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheinfluenceofsocializationprocess?以下哪項(xiàng)不是社會(huì)化過(guò)程的影響？

A.Producetension.A.產(chǎn)生緊張。

B.Produceextremeemotion.B.產(chǎn)生極端情緒。

C.Reduceone’scognitivelyguidedbehavior.C.減少認(rèn)知引導(dǎo)的行為。

D.Createsocialgroupideology.D.創(chuàng)造社會(huì)群體意識(shí)形態(tài)。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】本題要求選出不屬于社會(huì)化過(guò)程的影響的一項(xiàng)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞socializationprocess定位到原文第5段第1句，該句提到“社會(huì)化過(guò)程的影響（Theimpactofthesocializationprocess），特別是父母和社會(huì)群體意識(shí)形態(tài)（socialgroupideology）的影響，可能會(huì)減少認(rèn)知定向行為（reducecognitivedirectedbehavior）?！庇纱丝芍?，“社會(huì)群體意識(shí)形態(tài)”是一種社會(huì)化的過(guò)程，不是社會(huì)化過(guò)程的影響，因此，D選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造社會(huì)群體意識(shí)形態(tài)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)生緊張”可定位到原文第5段第2句，該句提到“由此產(chǎn)生的緊張（tension），例如恐懼、憤怒或極端情緒（extremeemotion）的壓力，往往是最重要的影響?！庇纱丝芍撨x項(xiàng)是影響之一，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)生極端情緒”，同A選項(xiàng)，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“減少認(rèn)知引導(dǎo)的行為”，由【解題思路】定位句可知，該選項(xiàng)也是影響之一，屬于反向干擾。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatlinkscognitivedevelopmenttotheneedsofsociety?是什么將認(rèn)知發(fā)展與社會(huì)需求聯(lián)系起來(lái)？

A.Practicalpurpose.A.實(shí)際的目的。

B.Naturalhumancognitivedevelopment.B.自然的人類認(rèn)知發(fā)展。

C.Language.C.語(yǔ)言。

D.Warningofdanger.D.危險(xiǎn)的警告。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theneedsofsociety定位到原文最后一段。本段第1句提到“很早以前，語(yǔ)言（language）和人類思想就已經(jīng)很清楚地聯(lián)系在一起了?！钡?句提到“發(fā)送或接收信息，從原始的危險(xiǎn)警告到解釋創(chuàng)造性或反思性思維，這方面的認(rèn)知發(fā)展也與社會(huì)的需求和愿望緊密相連?！薄霸嫉奈ｋU(xiǎn)警告”和“解釋創(chuàng)造性或反思性思維”是社會(huì)的需要，并且在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，認(rèn)識(shí)得到了發(fā)展；而“發(fā)送和接受信息”使用的都是語(yǔ)言。由此可知，人類通過(guò)語(yǔ)言滿足社會(huì)需要的同時(shí)，認(rèn)知也得到了發(fā)展，所以，將認(rèn)知發(fā)展與社會(huì)需求聯(lián)系起來(lái)的是C選項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“實(shí)際的目的”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“自然的人類認(rèn)知發(fā)展”，認(rèn)知發(fā)展本身并不是將認(rèn)知發(fā)展與社會(huì)需要聯(lián)系提來(lái)的東西，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“危險(xiǎn)的警告”，由【解題思路】可知，“危險(xiǎn)的警告”是社會(huì)需要的一種，并不是將其發(fā)展與社會(huì)需要聯(lián)系起來(lái)的東西，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

5.單選題

Theyarewell（）witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedatthesameuniversity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.identified

B.recognized

C.acquainted

D.acknowledged

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。beidentifiedwith表示“支持；與……有密切相關(guān)”；recognize表示“承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可”，常與as構(gòu)成固定搭配berecognizedas表示“被認(rèn)為，被當(dāng)作”，有時(shí)也與with構(gòu)成搭配berecognizedwith表示“被識(shí)別出，被承認(rèn)”；beacquaintedwith表示“了解；知曉（某事）；熟悉”，beacknowledgedwith表示“被承認(rèn)，被認(rèn)可”。根據(jù)句意可知，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)?jīng)在同所大學(xué)中學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)，所以彼此很熟悉。此時(shí)since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，因此，只有C項(xiàng)最符合固定搭配以及句意，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Manyinnovativebreakthroughscomeaboutwhenpeopleventurebeyondtheirownareasofexpertise,becauseoftenittakesanoutsidertoaskthenaivequestionthatmayyield_______solution.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aconstructive

B.anunconventional

C.anagreeable

D.apractical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)constructive“有建設(shè)性的”；B選項(xiàng)unconventional“非傳統(tǒng)的；不依慣例的”；C選項(xiàng)agreeable“愉悅的；欣然同意的；可以接受的”；D選項(xiàng)practical“實(shí)際的；實(shí)用的”。句意：當(dāng)人們?cè)谧约旱膶I(yè)領(lǐng)域之外冒險(xiǎn)時(shí)，許多創(chuàng)新的突破會(huì)出現(xiàn)，因?yàn)橥ǔＰ枰粋€(gè)局外人來(lái)問(wèn)一個(gè)天真的問(wèn)題，而這問(wèn)題可能產(chǎn)生_______解決方案。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指新人會(huì)問(wèn)聽(tīng)起來(lái)很外行的問(wèn)題，但就是這種問(wèn)題引出解決方案，新人問(wèn)的問(wèn)題通常unconventional“非傳統(tǒng)的；不依慣例的”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Thecruxoftheproblemis:youngpeople,beingatthestartoftheirowncareerandhavingtoexertthemselvestotheutmostallthetime,arealwaysunderthegreateststressandsevereststrain.Themiddle-agedpeople,ontheotherhand,havingaccomplishedwhatevertheyhave,mayrelievethemselvesoftheirload,andstarttoenjoyaquietandleisurelylifeunburdenedwithanyambitionsandawayfromthestormsoflife.Consequently,middle-agedpersonsquicklylapseintoindolence.Mostfamousworksthatappearedinthepastcenturies,includingthepresent,werewrittenbyauthorsaround30.WorkswithanycreativenessseldomcamefromthepenofChineseauthorsover40,exceptautobiographiesandnotesbywayofannotation.Butforwritersabroad,agedoesnotseemtoaffecttheirenergyorimaginationatall.Someliterarycelebritiesdidnotstarttheircareeruntilafter40.Becauseofvariousreasons,thelifespanofusChineseusedtobeveryshort.Hencetheoldsaying“man’slifefromoldhasrarelyreachedseventy.”Thereforethemiddle-ageperiodwasmuchearlier,andmenoflettersveryearlyintheirlivesbecame“old”andconservativepsychologically.

【答案】問(wèn)題的核心是：年輕人正處于事業(yè)初創(chuàng)階段,必須時(shí)刻盡力發(fā)揮自己,由此其總是面臨莫大的壓力,受到的傷痛也極為嚴(yán)重。而中年人已經(jīng)取得他們所要的一切,可以卸下重負(fù),開(kāi)始享受安靜、愜意的生活,這生活沒(méi)有任何雄心壯志,也遠(yuǎn)離生活的狂風(fēng)暴雨。結(jié)果,中年人很快就懶惰起來(lái)。自上世紀(jì)到目前的許多著名作品,其作者都在30歲左右。40歲以上的中國(guó)作家極少能寫(xiě)出創(chuàng)意作品來(lái),當(dāng)然有注解的自傳和說(shuō)明除外。但對(duì)國(guó)外作家而言,年齡問(wèn)題似乎絲毫不會(huì)影響其想象力。一些文學(xué)大家常常是到40歲之后才開(kāi)始文學(xué)創(chuàng)作。

由于種種原因,過(guò)去中國(guó)人的壽命往往很短。由此產(chǎn)生了一句古話：“人生七十古來(lái)稀”。因此中年這一階段就大大提前了,而名人則很早就“變老”了,心理上也開(kāi)始保守起來(lái)。

8.單選題

ThenewdesignsoftheChristmasstampsarealwayswaitedforwithkeen

.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.irritation

B.prediction

C.reception

D.anticipation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。irritation“刺激，激怒”；prediction“預(yù)報(bào)，預(yù)言”；reception“接待，接收”；anticipation“預(yù)料，預(yù)期”。句意：人們總是熱切地期待著新設(shè)計(jì)的圣誕郵票。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.翻譯題

Strangeisoursituationhereuponearth.Eachofuscomesforashortvisit,notknowingwhyyetsometimesseemingtodivineapurpose.

Fromthestandpointofdailylife,however,thereisonethingwedoknow:thatmanishereforthesakeofothermen—aboveallforthoseuponwhosesmileandwell-beingourownhappinessdepends,andalsoforthecountlessunknownsoulswithwhosefateweareconnectedbyabondofsympathy.ManytimesadayIrealizehowmuchmyownouterandinnerlifeisbuiltuponthelaborsofmyfellowmen,bothlivinganddead,andhowearnestlyImustexertmyselfinordertogiveinreturnasmuchasIhavereceived.MypeaceofmindisoftentroubledbythedepressingsensethatIhaveborrowedtooheavilyfromtheworkofothermen.

Toponderinterminablyoverthereasonforone’sownexistenceorthemeaningoflifeingeneralseemstome,fromanobjectivepointofview,tobesheerfolly.Andyeteveryoneholdscertainidealsbywhichheguideshisaspirationandhisjudgment.Theidealswhichhavealwaysshonebeforemeandfilledmewiththejoyoflivingaregoodness,beauty,andtruth.Tomakeagoalofcomfortandhappinesshasneverappealedtome;asystemofethicsbuiltonthisbasiswouldbesufficientonlyforaherdofcattle.

【答案】我們?cè)谶@個(gè)世界上的處境很奇怪。每個(gè)人短暫來(lái)訪，不知原因。不過(guò)有時(shí)候似乎也會(huì)察覺(jué)到某種目的。

然而，從日常生活的角度來(lái)看，有一樣是確定的：人總是為了他人而活著。為了那些重要的人，他們的笑容和幸福是我們快樂(lè)的來(lái)源。也是為了數(shù)不清的陌生人，憐憫之心將我們與他們連系在一起。每天我都會(huì)多次意識(shí)到，我自己的物質(zhì)生活和精神生活，在多大程度上是建立在同胞的勞動(dòng)之上的，他們或活著，或者已經(jīng)逝去。意識(shí)到我必須多么努力地去付出，以回報(bào)我所得到的一切?？偢杏X(jué)我從他人的勞動(dòng)成果中獲取太多，為此我經(jīng)常惴惴不安。

總體上，在我看來(lái)，沒(méi)完沒(méi)了地思考自己存在的理由和生命的意義是非常愚蠢的行為。然而，每個(gè)人都有自己的理想來(lái)指引自己的抱負(fù)和是非判斷。始終在我面前閃耀著，讓我深感活著的喜悅的理想是善、美和真理。以舒適和幸福為目的的理想從來(lái)不能吸引我。建立在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)之上的倫理體系只能適用于一群牲畜。

10.單選題

Willyoulook______thiswordintheInternet?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.into

C.up

D.forwardto

【答案】C

【解析】；窺視；瀏覽；看”；C選項(xiàng)lookup“仰望；查閱；尊敬；拜訪；改善”；D選項(xiàng)lookforwardto“盼望；期待；期盼；預(yù)期”。句意：你會(huì)在網(wǎng)上查閱這個(gè)單詞嗎？因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Theyhavelaunchedacampaigntogetonlineticketingcompaniesto（）addedcoststocustomerswhenbuyingtickets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.clarify

B.justify

C.identify

D.magnify

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)clarify“澄清，闡明”；B選項(xiàng)justify“證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)?，替……辯護(hù)”；C選項(xiàng)identify“確定，鑒定，識(shí)別，辨認(rèn)出”；D選項(xiàng)maglify“放大，贊美，夸大”。句意：他們發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，讓在線票務(wù)公司……消費(fèi)者購(gòu)票時(shí)增加的成本。

12.單選題

Thoughhedidn’tsayanything,wecould（）fromhisexpressionthathewasunhappy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceive

B.discern

C.recognize

D.distinguish

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conceive“設(shè)想、想象”；B選項(xiàng)discern“辨別、識(shí)別”；C選項(xiàng)recognize“承認(rèn)、認(rèn)出”；D選項(xiàng)distinguish“區(qū)分、辨別”，句意為：雖然他什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)，但從他的表情我們可以看出他不高興。從表情可以區(qū)分出人的情緒，distinguishfrom為固定搭配，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

Pleasecheckthecopy______theoriginalbeforehandingin.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.against

C.over

D.AandB

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。checksth.against/withsth.表示“對(duì)照某物核對(duì)某物”，為固定搭配。根據(jù)thecopy與theoriginal可知此處表示“對(duì)照原件核對(duì)該復(fù)印件”，因此選D。句意：交上來(lái)之前請(qǐng)把復(fù)印件和原件核對(duì)一下。

14.單選題

______he’salreadyheardthenews.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Chancesare

B.Chanceis

C.Opportunitiesare

D.Opportunityis

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定表達(dá)。（the）chancesare+句子，這是一種口語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方法，表示很有可能的意思。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Yettheseglobaltrendshidestarklydifferentnationalandregionalstories.VittorioColao,thebossofVodafone,whichoperatesorpartiallyownsnetworksin31countries,arguesthatthefarthersouthyougo,themorepeopleusetheirphones,evenpasttheequator:wherelifeislessorganizedpeopleneedatool,forexampletorejigappointments."Cultureinfluencesthelifestyle,andthelifestyleinfluencesthewaywecommunicate."hesays,"Ifyoudon'tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone."

Othermundanefactorsalsoaffecthowphonesareused.Forinstance,incountrieswheremanypeoplehaveholidayhomestheyaremorelikelytogiveoutamobilenumber,whichthenbecomesthedefaultwheretheycanbereached,thusunderminingtheuseoffixed-linephones.Technologiesarealways"bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturalcontexts,"writesMizukoIto,ananthropologistattheUniversityofCaliforniainIrvine,whohasco-editedabookonJapan’smobile-phonesubculture.

Indeed,Japanisgoodexampleofhowsuchsubculturescomeabout.Inthe1990sAmericansandScandinavianswereearlyadoptersofmobilephones.ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileinternet.ForsometimeWired,amagazinefortechnologylovers,ranacolumncalled"Japaneseschoolgirlwatch",servingreaderswithastreamofmobileoddities.TheimplicationwasthatwhatJapaneseschoolgirlsdidoneday,everyoneelsewoulddothenext.

Thecountry'smobileboomwasarguablyencouragedbyunderlyingsocialconditions.Mostteenagershadlongusedpagerstokeepintouch.In1999NTT,Japan'sdominantoperator,launchedi-mode,aplatformformobile-internetservices.Itallowedcheape-mailsbetweennetworksandtheJapanesepromptlysignedupindrovesformobileinternet.MsItoalsopointsoutthatJapanisacrowdedplacewithlotsofrules.Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversationsandtalkingonthephoneinpublicisfrownedupon,ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices.

ThebestwaytograspJapan'smobilecultureistotakeacrowdedcommutertrain.Thereareplentyofsignsadvisingyounottouseyourphone.Everyfewminutesannouncementsaremadetothesameeffect.Ityoudotakeacall,youriskmorethandisapprovinggazes.Passengersmayappealtoaguardwhowillquietlybutfirmlyexplain:"damedesu"—it'snotallowed.Somestudiessuggestthattalkingonamobilephoneonatrainisseenasworsethaninatheatre.Instead,hushedpassengerstypeawayontheirhandsetsorreadmobile-phonenovels(writtenJapaneseallowsmoreinformationtobedisplayedonasmallscreenthanlanguagesthatusetheRomanalphabet).

1.Accordingtothepassage,anItalianpersonwouldleavehisphoneoninameetingforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.TheauthorsuggeststhatJapanleadstheworldinthemobile-phonecultureinthat（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheJapaneseteenagersarefondofthemobiledataservicesbecause

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage,basedonitscontent?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heisafraidofmissingabusinessopportunity.

B.Hisfamilymembersmaycallhiminemergency.

C.Hethinksitisrudetoleaveacallunanswered.

D.Heneedstogetpostedaboutthelatestchangeintheworkschedule.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Howweuseourphonesreflectwherewelive.

B.Technologiesdeterminethewaywecommunicate.

C.Cultureinfluencesthedevelopmentoftechnologies.

D.Socialconditionsdictatethemobilefuture.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theJapanesearetheearliestmobilephoneusers

B.theJapanesearethechattiestmobilephoneusers

C.theJapaneseusemobileinternetearlyon

D.Japanprovidesthebestmobilephoneservices

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyliketoplayelectronicgames

B.theyliketotalktotheirfriendsonthephone

C.theycanreadnovelsonthephone

D.theycancommunicatewiththeirfriendsmoreconveniently

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theJapanesephoneculture

B.cultureandtechnology

C.allalike,alldifferent

D.handy,ifyouarethrifty

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段最后一句提到“Ifyoudon'tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone.”如果你在意大利開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)沒(méi)有開(kāi)手機(jī)，你可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)下一個(gè)會(huì)議。因此A選項(xiàng)“他擔(dān)心錯(cuò)過(guò)商機(jī)”與工作商務(wù)有關(guān)，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“他的家人可能會(huì)在緊急情況下打電話給他”；C選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為不回復(fù)手機(jī)來(lái)電是不禮貌的”；D選項(xiàng)“他需要及時(shí)獲知工作日程的最新變化”。

2.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到“Technologiesarealways"bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturalcontexts,"”技術(shù)始終是有建設(shè)性的，且由歷史、社會(huì)和文化背景構(gòu)成。因?yàn)镃選項(xiàng)“文化影響技術(shù)的發(fā)展”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段提到“ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileinternet.”但在接下來(lái)的十年中，考慮到日本早期對(duì)移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接受，它被廣泛視為移動(dòng)未來(lái)的模式。因此C選項(xiàng)“日本人很早就使用移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第四段提到“Harr