考研考博-英語-成都藝術(shù)職業(yè)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-成都藝術(shù)職業(yè)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattemptonlyaggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.

Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.Itisnouseofferingthemanuallaborer,tiredoutwithahardweek'ssweatandeffort,thechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,toworkorworrytriflingthingsattheweekend.

【答案】一個人，為了活的真正開心和踏實，至少要培養(yǎng)兩到三項興趣。而且必須是真正的興趣。到了晚年才說:“我對這感興趣，對那也感興趣”，已經(jīng)沒有什么必要了。這種愿望只能加劇精神緊張。一個人也許在其非工作領(lǐng)域也同樣是學(xué)富五車，但是，也很難從中得到什么益處或慰藉。

做你喜歡的事一般沒有什么用;要學(xué)會熱愛自己的職業(yè)。泛泛講來，人可以劃分為三類:勞累至死的人;憂慮至死的人;厭煩至死的人。讓一個體力勞動者在周末下午踢足球或打棒球來放松是毫無意義的，因為一周的辛勞已經(jīng)令他們精疲力竭了。讓那些為大事持續(xù)操勞或費心了六天的政界人士、專業(yè)人員或商界人士，在周日，繼續(xù)為雞毛蒜皮的小事勞神，這也同樣也是于事無補的。

2.單選題

Thereareincreasinglyfraughtrelationshipsthatadultsarehavingwithchildreninallwalksoflife,fromthepolicetopoliticians,withinthepublicsectorandwithincommunitiesthemselves.Thefearofyoungpeoplehaschangedthewaysocietyispoliced:howpupilsaretreatedinschoolsandhowinsecureadultsrelatetochildrenontheirestates.Ratherthanchildrenandyoungpeoplebecomingmoreviolentandanti-social,itisadultswhohavechanged,havingfewerrelationshipswithyoungpeopleandbecominglessconfidentintheirdealingswiththem.

Wemustexploretherolethatcrimeandsafetyinitiativeshaveontheoutlookofthepublic.Theattemptbygovernment,councildepartments,thepoliceandmanyotherstoreducethefearwithincommunitiesbydevelopingsafetyinitiativesishavingtheoppositeeffect,resultingintheinstitutionalizationofthisfear.Curfewshaveincreasedadults'fearofyoungpeopleandreducedtheamountoftimethatyoungchildrenareallowedouttoplay.Theyhaveraisedthelevelofinsecurityamongstparentsaboutthesafetyoftheirchildrenandultimatelyreducedthecontactbetweengenerationswithinthiscommunity.Itisnotfarfromthetruthtosaythat"youth"nolongerexists—ifbyyouthwemeanthefreedomlovingrebelliousness.Theoutcomeofthisprocessisbreedingagenerationofyoungpeoplewhoareifanythingmorefragileandfearfulthantheirgrandparents.

Finally,aswellasexploringthefearofyoungpeople,wemustlookattheinsecuritythatparentshavefortheirchildren.Therehasbeenareductioninplay,andspecificallyin“freeplay”，andtheeffectofthismoreregulatedenvironmentonchildren'slivesisyettobedeterminedandnotsomethingwecancontinuallyignoreinourrushtoprotectsocietyfromchildren.

1.Theauthorismainlydirectinghismessagetowards（）.

2.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout（）.

3.Theauthorseessafetyinitiativesaspartoftheproblembecause（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesit’spossibletosayyouthnolongerexistsbecause（）.

5.Tocorrecttheproblemtheauthordiscussesweareadvisedto（）.

問題1選項

A.adultsingeneral

B.theyoungergeneration

C.lawenforcementauthorities

D.parents

問題2選項

A.thewayyoungerpeoplehavechanged

B.thechangeinattitudeandtreatmenttowardsyouth

C.thefewerrelationshipsbetweenyouthandadults

D.thefearthatyouthandadultshavetowardseachother

問題3選項

A.theyactuallycausemorerebelliousness

B.theyareunpopularwithyoungpeople

C.theyworsenrelationshipsandcreatemorefear

D.theyreducetheplayyoungpeoplecanusetoexpendenergy

問題4選項

A.youthhavenomorerebellionandfreedom

B.youthareindistinguishableincharacterfromtheirgrandparents

C.theyarenotallowedtovoicetheiropinions

D.theydonotlovefreedomtheyshouldhave

問題5選項

A.stopbeingsoinsecuretowardschildren

B.letchildrenplaymore

C.studytherootsandeffectsofourfear

D.stopregulatingchildren’slives

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章主要從幾個方而分析和討論了社會（成年人）對年輕人的恐懼的原因。因此，這篇文章的受眾應(yīng)該是“總體的成年人”。因此選A。

2.判斷推理題。題干意為:第一段主要講什么?第一段主要分析了成年人對孩子的態(tài)度改變一一變得關(guān)系疏遠和沒有信心，影響了兩者之間的緊張關(guān)系。因此B項“對青年的態(tài)度和待遇的”正確。

3.判斷推理題。題干意為:作者把安全措施看作問題的一部分，是因為什么？第二段指出:Theattemptbygovernment,councildepartments,thepoliceandmanyotherstoreducethefearwithincommunitiesbydevelopingsafetyinitiativesishavingtheoppositeeffect,resultingintheinstitutionalizationofthisfear(政府、議會者、警察和其-他人通過采取安全措施以減少社區(qū)的恐懼，這反而產(chǎn)生負(fù)面的結(jié)果，進而導(dǎo)致這種對年輕人恐懼的制度化)。Curfewshaveincreasedadults'fearofyoungpeopleandreducedtheamountoftimethatyoungchildrenareallowedouttoplay(戒嚴(yán)已經(jīng)增加了成年人對年輕人的恐懼，減少了年輕小伙的外出玩耍時間)。Theyhaveraisedthelevelofinsecurityamongstparentsaboutthesafetyoftheirchildrenandultimatelyreducedthecontactbetweengenerationswithinthiscommunity(他們還在父母們中間提高了關(guān)于孩子安全的不安全感。并且，最終減少社區(qū)中一代人之間的聯(lián)系)。因此，C項“他們惡化了關(guān)系并且制造更多擔(dān)憂/恐懼”正確。

4.判斷推理題。題干意為:作者認(rèn)為，為什么可以說年輕人不再存在？第二段指出:Itisnotfarfromthetruthtosaythat"youth"nolongerexists—ifbyyouthwemeanthefreedomlovingrebelliousness.Theoutcomeofthisprocessisbreedingagenerationofyoungpeoplewhoareifanythingmorefragileandfearfulthantheirgrandparents(如果我們的青年意味著熱愛自由的叛逆，那么，可以說，青年不再存在。這一過程的結(jié)果是在培養(yǎng)一代年輕人，如果有這種情況的話，是在培養(yǎng)一代比他們祖父母更脆弱和更恐懼的年輕人)。因此，作者認(rèn)為，年輕人可以說不再存在，是由于社會的各種管制而導(dǎo)致他們沒有青春應(yīng)該有的熱愛自由，變得更加脆弱和恐懼。故選A項“青年人沒有更多的叛逆和自由”。

5.判斷推理題。題干意為:為了糾正作者討論的問題，我們應(yīng)該怎么做？最后一段指出:Finally,aswellasexploringthefearofyoungpeople,wemustlookattheinsecuritythatparentshavefortheirchildren.Therehasbeenareductioninplay,andspecificallyin“freeplay”，andtheeffectofthismoreregulatedenvironmentonchildren'slivesisyettobedeterminedandnotsomethingwecancontinuallyignoreinourrushtoprotectsocietyfromchildren(最后，分析對年輕人的恐懼，我們必須觀察父母對孩子的不安全感。在玩耍中，這種不安全感己經(jīng)減少，尤其在自由玩耍中，更規(guī)范的環(huán)境對孩子生活的影響尚未確定，而且，在我們急于保護社會不受孩子們干擾的過程中，這也是我們不能繼續(xù)忽視的東西)。由此可知，A項“停止對孩子產(chǎn)生如此的不安全感”正確。

3.單選題

Hergenerosityisoneofhermostpleasing（）.

問題1選項

A.characteristics

B.attributes

C.traits

D.peculiarity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:characteristics“特性，特征”；B:attributes“屬性；特性”；C:traits“人的個性，顯著的特點”；D:peculiarity“特性；特質(zhì)”。句意：為人慷慨是她最討人歡喜的個性。結(jié)合此處語境，C為正確答案。

4.單選題

Insomewaystheyareamarketers’dream.Theyhavebillionsofdollarsindiscretionaryincome—andspendmostofit.Althoughtheirindividualpurchasesaresmall，theybuyregularly,oftenresponsetopeerpressure.Theyareheavilyinfluencedbythehoursoftelevisionadvertisingtheyseeeachweek.And，asaresultoftoday’ssmallerfamilies,andtheincreaseinthenumberoftwo-incomehouseholds,theyhavemoretosayaboutfamilydecisionsthaneverbefore.

“They”arechildren,ofcourse,agroupwhosespendinghabitsareattractingtheattentionofmoreandmoremarketers.Onerecentstudyestimatesthat:thethirtymillionU.S.children4to12yearsoldreceiveabout$4.7billionannuallyfromallowances,giftsandoddjobs.Ofthatamount,theyspendatotalof$4.2billioneachyearonsnacks($1.4billion),toysandgames($1.1billion),moviesandsports($771million),videogames($766million),andgifts($164million),engaginginsome280independentpurchasestransactionsannually.Childrenthirteentonineteenaccountforevengreateryearlyexpenditures:$30.5billionoftheirownmoney.

Butchildren’sfinancialmuscledoesnotendthere.Researchersestimatethatchildrendirectlyinfluencemore-than$40billioninadultpurchaseseachyear.ANickeldeonUSAToday/YankelovichYouthMonitorstudyfoundthatchildrenareextremelyawareofbrandandhaveconsiderableinputintotheirparents，selectionofapparel,cereal,snacks,cars,televisionsandpersonalcomputers.Manychildrenareinvolvedinactualhouseholdpurchasing,especiallyfood；inarecentTeenageResearchstudy,halftheteengirlssurveyedreportedshoppingforgroceriesatleastonceaweek.Recognizingthisindirectpurchasingpowerthatchildrenhave，agrowingnumberofmarketersareapproachingtheyouthdirectly.TheNationalDairyBoard,forexample,nowairsmilkcommercialswithyouthappeal,andProcter&GamblehasdevelopedCrestforKidstoothpaste.

Howdidchildrenacquiresuchbuyingclout?Researcherspointtoseveralfactors.Asthenumberofworkingcouplesandsingle-parenthouseholdsincreased,manyparentsshiftedcertainhouseholdresponsibilitiesontochildren’sshoulders.Thrustintoadultroles,childrenhaveendedupwithmoreinfluenceoverthefamily’spurchases,andtheyalsotendtospendincreasedamountsofmoneythemselves.Inaddition,manyolder,professionalcoupleshavefewerchildren.Theseparentscanaffordtolavishmoreontheirchildren,includingextraspendingmoneyforsuchitemsasFisher-PriceToys’$225children’scamcorderandtheMyFirstSonylineofelectronicsgearforchildren.Thebandwagoneffectisyetanotherfactor.Whenonemarketerbeginstofocusonchildren,competitorsfollowsuit,encouragingevenmorechildren’spurchases.McDonald’sCorp.,forexample,hasaimedadvertisementsforitshamburgers,mealkits,andpartiesatchildrenforyears；nowHardee’sFoodSystems,Inc,andWendy’sInternationalInc,aredoingthesame.

Astutemarketersrealizethatchildrenactuallyrepresentthreemarkets:currentconsumers,influentialconsumers,andfuturebuyers.Becausechildrenaresteadilydevelopingbrandawareness,andproductpreferencesthatsomedaywilltranslateintopurchasingdecisions,evencompaniesnotsellingyouthproductspersearebeginningtopayattentiontoselldirectlytochildren,realizingthat,outtheresomewhere,tomorrow’sbig-ticketcustomerisplayingvideogamestoday.

1.Thetopicofthisselectionis（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthisselection?

3.Fromthestatementthatchildren“havebillionsofdollarsindiscretionaryincome—andspendmostofit”，wecaninferthatchildren（）.

4.Abouttheirbuyingbehaviors,wecaninferthatchildrenare（）.

5.Wecaninferthatmarketersbelievechildrenwhodevelop“brandawareness”whentheyareyoungwill（）.

問題1選項

A.marketingproducts

B.children’sspendingpatterns

C.doingsurveysofchildren

D.thebandwagoneffect

問題2選項

A.Childrenhavemoretosayaboutfamilypurchasedecisionsthaneverbefore.

B.Childrenareimportantmembersofsociety.

C.Childrenhaveagooddealofpowerasbuyersandconsumers.

D.Marketersareovercomingtheirlackofinterestinsellingtochildren.

問題3選項

A.havenosenseofvalueregardingmoney

B.shouldnotbegivensomuchmoneybytheirparents

C.misusethefinancialpowerplacedintheirhands

D.donotsavemuchoftheirownmoney

問題4選項

A.notinfluencedmuchbyadvertising

B.verymuchinfluencedbytheirfriends

C.notinfluencedbymilkcommercialswithyouthappeal

D.carefulaboutspendingonhamburgersandotherfastfoods

問題5選項

A.rejectthosebrandswhenbecomeadults

B.purchasevideogamesfortheirchildren

C.remainloyaltothosebrandsintoadulthood

D.spendtheirmoneywiselyandthoughtfullyasadults

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:文章第一二段提到兒童群體雖然不大，但是他們有一定的購買能力；之后引用了一些兒童帶來的花費的數(shù)據(jù)來進一步說明兒童是個很大的消費群體。最后提到兒童代表著三個市場。從這些可知全文都是在講兒童的消費問題。所以選項B符合題意。

第2題:文章主要探討兒童消費問題。出于很多原因，兒童已經(jīng)是一個具有很強購買力的消費者。選項C符合題意。

第3題:文章第一段提到孩子們有很多零花錢自己處理，但是他們?nèi)菀资艿诫娨晱V告的影響（Theyareheavilyinfluencedbythehoursoftelevisionadvertisingtheyseeeachweek），說明他們的錢被亂用了，選項C符合題意。

第4題:文章第一段提到雖然兒童的購買力不強，但是他們會受同伴的影響（Althoughtheirindividualpurchasesaresmall，theybuyregularly,oftenresponsetopeerpressure）。選項B符合題意。

第5題:文章最后一段提到商家們認(rèn)為兒童代表三個市場：currentconsumers,influentialconsumers,andfuturebuyers。孩子們的品牌意識和產(chǎn)品偏好正穩(wěn)定發(fā)展，總有一天會形成購買力。選項C符合題意。

5.單選題

It’sabrandnewworld—aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hardcharging,noisemaking,cultureshapingbrandsareeverywhere.They’reonsupermarketshelves,ofcourse,butalsoinbusinessplansfordotcomstartupsandinthenamesofsportscomplexes.Brandsareinfiltratingpeople’severydaylives—bystickingtheirlogosonclothes,inconcertprograms,onsubwaystationwall,eveninelementaryschoolclassrooms.

WeliveinanageinwhichCBSnewscasterswearNikejacketsontheair,inwhichBurgerKingandMcDonald’sopenkiosksinelementary-schoollunchrooms,inwhichschoolslikeStanfordUniversityareendowedwithaYahoo!FoundersChair.Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.

“Ourintellectuallivesandourpublicspacesarebeingtakenoverbymarketing—andthathasrealimplicationsforcitizenship,saysauthorandactivistNaomiKlein.“It’simportantforanyhealthyculturetohavepublicspace—aplacewherepeoplearetreatedascitizensinsteadofasconsumers.We’vecompletelylostthatspace.”

Sincethemid-1980s,asmoreandmorecompanieshaveshiftedfrombeingaboutproductstobeingaboutideas—Starbucksisn’tslingcoffee;it’ssellingcommunity!—thosecompanieshavepouredmoreandmoreresourcesintomarketingcampaigns.

Topayforthosecampaigns,thosesamecompaniesfiguredoutwaystocutcostselsewhere—forexample,byusingcontractlaborathomeandlow-wagelaborindevelopingcountries.Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovide(anybenefits,suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.Thissavescompaniesmoneybutobviouslyputsworkersinvulnerablesituations.IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.

Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.

46.Whatdoesthepassageintendtotellus?

47.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorstateasafactorintheincreasingpresenceofbrandsinpeoples’lives?

48.ThetextsuggeststhatmostcontractlaborersintheU.S.______.

49.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat______.

問題1選項

A.Theproblemswithcurrentcorporatepractices.

B.Thenatureofcurrentmarketingcampaignsandstrategies.

C.TheimportanceofbrandsinAmericanculture.

D.Theexcessivepresenceofbrandsandmarketinginpeople’slives.

問題2選項

A.Theaggressivenatureofcorporatemarketing.

B.Thewillingnessofschoolsandmuseumstocooperatewithprivatecompanies.

C.Thelackofgovernmentregulationsofmarketingmethods.

D.Themarketingcampaignstakeuppublicspaces.

問題3選項

A.pretendtobetemporaryworkers

B.mayhavetroublesupportingtheirfamiliesfinancially

C.haveworkconditionscomparabletothoseoflow-wageworkersoverseas

D.arelikelytoreceivehealthbenefitsfromtheiremployers

問題4選項

A.inadequatefederalfundingfacilitatedtheprivatizationofschoolsandmuseums

B.governmentreducedspendingforschoolsandmuseumsfortheircooperationwithcompanies

C.publicinstitutionsweretooquicktoacceptcorporatemarketingasasourceoffunding

D.bythe1980s,veryfewpublicinstitutionswerenotbeingfundedbycorporations

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】46.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章想要告訴我們什么？”。文章在第一段就提到It’sabrandnewworld–aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hardcharging,noisemaking,cultureshapingbrandsareeverywhere.（這是一個全新的圍繞品牌建立的世界。強勢收費、制造噪音、塑造文化的品牌無處不在。），接下來幾個段落，作者通過舉例指出品牌和營銷在人民生活中的不斷滲入，包括衣服、電視節(jié)目、公共空間和教室等，并且品牌和營銷使得公司費用增加，從而迫使公司降低員工的成本；綜合推斷可知，這篇文章主要講的是品牌和營銷在人們生活的方方面面中過度滲透，D項“品牌和營銷在人們生活中的過度存在”正確；A項“公司現(xiàn)行做法存在的問題”和B項“當(dāng)前營銷活動和策略的性質(zhì)”都只是文章的部分內(nèi)容；C項“品牌在美國文化中的重要性”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

47.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為下列哪項是品牌在人們生活中日益增多的一個因素？”。第二段最后一句提到Butasbrandsreach(andthenoverreach)intoeveryaspectofourlives,thecompaniesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitablebacklashbyconsumers.（但是，隨著品牌滲透到我們生活的方方面面，然后是過度滲透，它們背后的公司引來了更多的問題和更深入的審視，以及消費者不可避免的強烈反應(yīng)。），以及文章最后一句Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.（但企業(yè)利用了這些機構(gòu)的需求，影響太遠，用營銷計劃壓倒了公民空間。）綜合推斷，品牌在人們生活中日益增加的一個原因是品牌營銷侵略性太強，故A項“企業(yè)營銷的侵略性”正確；由文章最后一段第一句Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.（20世紀(jì)80年代，市場營銷活動的大規(guī)模擴張與政府對學(xué)校和博物館的開支削減相吻合。）可知，B項“學(xué)校和博物館與私營公司合作的意愿”只是市場營銷活動的大規(guī)模擴張與政府開支削減吻合的結(jié)果，并不符合題干；C項“市場營銷方式缺乏政府監(jiān)管”沒有提到；D項“營銷活動占用了公共空間”屬于營銷侵略性的特點。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

48.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章暗示美國大多數(shù)合同工……”。根據(jù)第五段最后一句IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,whichemployersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary—eventhoughthesejobsareusuallyheldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.（在美國，合同勞工催生了所謂的“麥當(dāng)勞工作”，雇主和工人都假裝這些工作是臨時的，盡管做這些工作通常是設(shè)法養(yǎng)家糊口的人。）可推知，文章暗含的意思就是這些美國合同工養(yǎng)家糊口可能是有困難的，B項“養(yǎng)家糊口可能有困難”正確；A項“假裝是臨時工”在文章中明確提及了，并不是暗含的意思；C項“工作條件與海外的低薪工人相當(dāng)”沒提到；由第五段中的Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,andemployershavenoobligationtoprovide(anybenefits,suchashealthinsurance)orlong-termjobsecurity.（合同工是臨時雇傭的，按任務(wù)分配，雇主沒有義務(wù)提供任何福利，如醫(yī)療保險或長期的工作保障）可知，D項“有可能從他們的雇主那里得到健康福利”錯誤。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

49.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“我們從最后一段可以推斷出……”。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句的內(nèi)容Themassiveexpansionofmarketingcampaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschoolsandformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartnerwithprivatecompanies.（20世紀(jì)80年代，市場營銷活動的大規(guī)模擴張與政府對學(xué)校和博物館的開支削減相吻合。這使得這些機構(gòu)非常愿意、甚至迫切地與私營企業(yè)合作。）可以推斷，學(xué)校、博物館等這些公共機構(gòu)急于通過企業(yè)營銷來削減開支，即作為一種資金的來源，故C項“公共機構(gòu)太急于接受企業(yè)營銷作為一種資金來源”符合題意；最后一段沒有提到聯(lián)邦資金，A項“聯(lián)邦資金不足導(dǎo)致學(xué)校和博物館私有化”不正確；B項“政府減少了學(xué)校和博物館與公司合作的開支”錯誤，并不是政府減少了開支，而是市場營銷；D項“到20世紀(jì)80年代，很少有公共機構(gòu)不是由公司資助的”錯誤，營銷公司幫助公共機構(gòu)的是削減開支，并不是資助。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

6.單選題

Therearesomepeoplewhowilluseanykindofargument,nomatterhowillogical,solongastheycan（

）anopponent.

問題1選項

A.rebuttal

B.disputewith

C.scoreoff

D.scornwith

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組及名詞詞義辨析。rebuttal“反駁；反證”；disputewith“與······爭論”；scoreoff“駁倒；挫敗”；“scornwith輕蔑；嘲笑”。句意：只要能駁倒對手，有些人將會使用任何一種論點，不管該論點是多么不合邏輯的。只有C項符合題意。

7.單選題

Thesmallbirdsnative（

）centralandeasternEuropeusedtomigratesouthwesttospendthewinterinsouthernFrance,SpainandnorthernAfrica.

問題1選項

A.in

B.onto

C.with

D.to

【答案】D

【解析】考察固定搭配。in在…里；onto在…上；with和…;nativeto表示“來自，產(chǎn)自”，句意：這種來自歐洲中部和東部的小鳥經(jīng)常會向西南方向遷徙，在法國、西班牙的南部和非洲北部過冬。選項D符合句意。

8.單選題

Gravitycausedbillionsofatomstocoalesceintoasinglelumpofrock.

問題1選項

A.reform

B.converge

C.congregate

D.ascent

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。題干coalesce“合并；聯(lián)合”。A項“改革，改進”，B項“匯集；聚集；會合”，指人聚集，也指江河等的匯集；C項“群集；聚集”一般指人的聚集，D項“上升；升高”。結(jié)合句意：重力使數(shù)十億個原子聚結(jié)成一塊巖石，故選B。

9.單選題

Notcontentwithmerespeech,shebroughtalongchartsandgraphsto______herarguments.

問題1選項

A.concede

B.coax

C.sanction

D.bolster

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.concede承認(rèn)，讓步B.coax哄誘

C.sanction制裁，處罰，批準(zhǔn)D.bolster支撐，改善

【答案】D

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“她不滿足于只有演講，她還用了圖表來______她的觀點”，結(jié)合四個選項可知，空格處表示“支撐”符合句意。因此，該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合句意。

【句意】她不滿足于只有演講，她還用了圖表來支撐她的觀點。

10.單選題

Thepresidentpaid_______tothefiremenwhohadfoughttheblaze,sayingtheirbraveryhadsavedcountlesslives.

問題1選項

A.attention

B.heed

C.grief

D.tribute

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“attention”，意為注意力，關(guān)心；B選項“heed”，意為“注意，聽從”；C選項“grief”，意為“悲痛，憂傷”；D選項“tribute”意為“致敬，悼念”，句意：總統(tǒng)向滅火的消防隊員致敬，稱贊他們的勇敢拯救了無數(shù)生命。因此，D選項符合句意。

11.單選題

Theydecidedto（）theirdifferentinterestsanduniteinpursuitofacommongoal.

問題1選項

A.substitute

B.cross

C.submerge

D.surrender

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他們決定放棄各自不同的利益，聯(lián)合追求共同目標(biāo)。

考查動詞辨析。substitute取代；cross橫渡，交叉;submerge浸沒，湮沒；surrender投降，放棄。因此D項符合句意。

12.單選題

Jane’satticroomhasapoor______systemandinsummeritbecomesunbearablystuffy.

問題1選項

A.ventilation

B.manipulation

C.mitigation

D.allocation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項ventilation“通風(fēng)設(shè)備，空氣流通”，B項manipulation“操縱，操作，處理”，C項mitigation“減輕，緩和，平靜”，D項allocation“分配，配置，安置”。由unbearablystuffy“悶熱的難以忍受”可知，“空氣流通”符合語境。句意：簡家閣樓的通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)很差，一到夏天就變得悶熱得令人難以忍受。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

13.單選題

Theydon’tknowhowtoputinacentral-heatingsystem,buttheymanageditbytrialand______.

問題1選項

A.fault

B.slop

C.error

D.mistake

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.fault過錯；缺點B.slop泔水；（倒掉的）剩飯菜

C.error錯誤；差錯D.mistake錯誤，失誤

【答案】C

【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】按照句意“他們不知道如何安裝中央供暖系統(tǒng)，但他們通過試驗和______設(shè)法做到了”，由bytrial可知，bytrialanderror是固定搭配，表示“反復(fù)試驗”，故該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】

A項泛指抽象的過失、過錯、責(zé)任等，不符合句意；

B項不符合句意；

D項指判斷或理解方面的錯誤，或是由于缺乏思考或疏忽而造成的錯誤，不符合句意。

【句意】他們不知道如何安裝中央供暖系統(tǒng)，但他們通過反復(fù)試驗設(shè)法做到了。

14.單選題

Thatmythicalbeast,homoeconomicus,isutterlyclearaboutthepurposeofwork:togetpaid.Heiskeeneronleisurethanwork,andifmoneycanbegotwithouteffort,hedownstools.Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,thenplentifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.

Yetacross-countrycomparisonofbenefitsandattitudestoworkpublishedonJanuary28thfindspreciselytheoppositepattern.Researchersranked13countriesaccordingtotheirgenerosity(measuredbycomparingtypicalbenefitstothoseoutofworkwiththeaveragewageofaproductionworker)andtheircitizens’commitmenttowork(gaugedbyaskingwhethertheywouldworkiftheydidnotneedthecash,andwhethertheyregardedajobasmerelyawaytoearnaliving).Themoregenerousastateis,thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,theyfound.Britons,whosebenefitswereleastafterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.

Onereasonmaybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logicallyenough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthantheunskilledandnon-graduates.FewerBritonsthanNorwegians(whocametoponworkcommitment)haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.Butthisdoesnotentirelyexplaintheircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsofhardwork:Britonsofeverysocialclassandlevelofeducationwerelesskeenonworkthantheircounterpartselsewhere.

Couldthe“dependencyculture”currentlyexcercisingBritishpoliticiansbesolvedbyraisingbenefits?Unlikely,saysAlisonPark,editoroftheannualBritishSocialAttitudesReport,inwhichthestudyappeared:attitudestoworkvaryfromcountrytocountryformanyreasons.Thegenerosityofwhatthereportterms“encompassing”states,allNordicwithLutherantraditions,mayhavebeenmadepossiblebyastrongworkethic,ratherthanastrongercommitmenttoworkhavingemergedasaresultofit.

Andworkincentivesareaffectedbyfeaturesofwelfaresystemsotherthanoverallgenerosity:“corporatist”statessuchasGermany,whichpayhigherbenefitstothosewithalongerworkhistory,maybeencouragingpositiveattitudestoworkbysuchconditionality.Britain’slittlebenefits,bycontrast,arelargelyindependentofpreviousemployment,whichmaymeantheyareseenasanalternativetowork,ratherthanasoneofthegoodthingsthatflowfromit.

6.“Work-shycitizens”inthelastsentenceofparagraph1probablyreferstopeoplewhoare（）.

7.Fromparagraph2,welearnthat（）.

8.Britonsareunmotivatedintheirworkmainlydueto（）.

9.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

10.Whichofthefollowingw