第五節(jié) 非謂語動(dòng)詞、獨(dú)立主格和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省優(yōu)質(zhì)課大賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

TEM-4Vocabulary&Grammar五、非謂語動(dòng)詞、獨(dú)立主格、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

非謂語動(dòng)詞

非謂語動(dòng)詞不能在句子中單獨(dú)作謂語，不受主語人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)限制。非謂語動(dòng)詞有：不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在/過去）。否定形式：not(to)do,notdoing,notbeingdone,nothavingdone非謂語動(dòng)詞常在句中作除了謂語之外成份，如：作主語、表語、賓語、狀語、定語和補(bǔ)語

Vocabulary&Grammar不定式、動(dòng)名詞可直接作主語由it充當(dāng)形式主語Itisnousedoingsth.Itiseasytodosth.

Therebe句型往往用動(dòng)名詞作主語：“沒法”Therewasnotellingwhenthismighthappenagain.Therewasnoarguingwithher.主語和表語都是非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)須一致：Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.1.___isnotaseriousdisadvantageinlife.()a.Tobenottall.B.Nottobetall.C.Beingnottall.D.Notbeingtall2.TheMinisterofFranceisbelieved___ofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.a.thatheisthinkingb.tobethinkingc.thatheistothinkd.tothinkVocabulary&Grammar非謂語動(dòng)詞DB

不定式完成時(shí)態(tài)可表示先于語謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；也可表示表示過去沒能實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望、計(jì)劃或與過去事實(shí)相反愿望、期待、計(jì)劃等：

intended,hoped,wanted,expected,meant,promised,planned,wished,thought,was,weree.g.

1.

AIDSissaid____thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsintheregion.()a.beingbtobec.tohavebeend.havingbeen2.Lindawas__theexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.()a.tostartb.tohavestartedc.tobestartedd.tohavebeenstartingVocabulary&Grammar非謂語動(dòng)詞cb

省略TO不定式e.g.1.____himtomorrow?()a.Whynottocallonb.whydon’tcallonc.whynotcallingond.whynotcallonhadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather…than,wouldsooner…than,cannotbut,cannothelpbut…,donothingbut,mightaswell等后不定式要省略to不定式特殊句型：suchasto…such…asto…so…asto…e.g.

Thestoryissotouchingastomakeeveryonecry.

Vocabulary&Grammar非謂語動(dòng)詞d不定式和動(dòng)名詞由其前面動(dòng)詞要求常接動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)詞有：advise,avoid,consider,enjoy,confess,delay,deny,involve,finish,mind,mention,postpone,resent,suggest,stand,understand,complete,cease/stop/quit,forget/remember/regret;trytodo(盡可能)，trydoing試著；meandoingsth(意味著)，meantodosth打算wanttodosth（想做）,wantdoing(需要被)即可用動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式也能夠用不定式被動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)有：need,want,deserve,repay,requiree.g..Theflowersneedwatering/needtobewateredVocabulary&Grammar非謂語動(dòng)詞分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞：表主動(dòng)過去分詞：表被動(dòng)e.g.1.___atinthisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemsodesperate.()A.LookingB.LookedC.BeinglookiedD.Tolook2.Thereareonlytenapplesleftinthebaskets,___thespoiltone.()A.notcountingB.nottocountC.don’tcountD.havingnotcount3.Ifnot____withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime.()A.beingtreatedB.treatedC.betreatedD.havingbeentreated分詞作狀語時(shí)，從句邏輯主語往往與主句主語一致

Vocabulary&Grammar非謂語動(dòng)詞BAB分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)分詞作狀語且邏輯主語與主句主語不一致時(shí)候，就組成了分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)e.g.1.

Time____,thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled.()A.permitB.permittingC.permittedD.permits2.There____nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.()A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.be獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：兩個(gè)句子，中間用逗號(hào)隔開，但無任何連接詞（and,but,if.etc）兩個(gè)句子中一個(gè)是完整句子，另外一部分即為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主語多為名詞或者代詞（與主句主語不一樣），與后面形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞，不定式存在邏輯上主謂關(guān)系Vocabulary&GrammarBCa.現(xiàn)在分詞獨(dú)立主格名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞(邏輯主語和現(xiàn)在分詞是主謂關(guān)系)e.g.

There

beingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.(表原因)

Weather

permitting,wewillthrowaparty.(表?xiàng)l件)=If---permits

Thedarkclouds

havingdispersed,thesunshoneagain.(表時(shí)間，完成時(shí)態(tài)表示獨(dú)立主格先于主句謂語發(fā)生)b.過去分詞獨(dú)立主格名詞/代詞+過去分詞（邏輯主語和過去分詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）e.g.

Theworkersworkedstillharder,theirlivingconditionsgreatlyimproved.（表結(jié)果）

Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,(his)eyes

fixedontheblackboard.（表方式或伴隨）Vocabulary&Grammar分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)其它形式c.名詞(代詞)+不定式(強(qiáng)調(diào)一次詳細(xì)動(dòng)作)e.g.

Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabor,each

totranslateaquarterofthebook.我們四人同意分工干，每人翻譯全書四分之一。

Anumbeofofficialsfollowedtheemperor,some

toholdhisrobe,otherstoadjusthisgirdle,andsoon.

d.名詞(代詞)+形容詞e.g.

TheTrojans(being)asleep,theGreeksoldierscreptoutofthehollowwoodenhorse．特洛伊人睡著了，于是希臘士兵從中空木馬里悄悄爬了出來。

Computers(being)verysmall,wecanusethemwidely.電腦雖小，我們卻能廣泛地利用它們。Vocabulary&Grammare.名詞(代詞)+副詞e.g.Breakfast

(havingbeen)over,hewenttowork.

Lights

(being)off,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.f.名詞(代詞)+介詞短語(名詞前不需要限定詞)e.g.Hewentoff,gun/

book

inhand.

在下面情況中，being/havebeing不能省略e.g.

ItbeingSaturday,wegoshopping.

Therebeingnobodyelse,weleft.Vocabulary&Grammar獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)其它形式g.with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)e.g.Hewentoffwithaguninhand.

Nobodynoticing,Ibrokeintothehouse.

Withoutanyonenoticing,Ibrokeintothehouse.Iwenttobedwithoutthejobfinished.

e.g.Therearemanystudents,someofthem____Chinese.(be)Therearemanystudents,someofwhom____Chinese.(be)Therearemanystudentsandsomeofthem____Chinese.(be)

Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth,wheat___byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.()A.isB.beenC.beD.being

Vocabulary&Grammar獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)其它形式Dbeingareare情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can/could/may/might/will/would/shall/should/dare/must/oughtto/need/usedtoTEM4考試重點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone使用方法(往往與過去相關(guān))a.musthavedone：對(duì)過去已發(fā)生情況必定推測(cè)“一定…”

can’t/couldn’thavedone:對(duì)過去或已發(fā)生否定推測(cè)“不會(huì)…”

must表示推測(cè)否定形式是can’t;

mustn’t表示禁止b.needn’thavedone(didn’thaveto):做了沒必要事“沒必要…”c.should/ought