考研考博-英語-臨汾職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-臨汾職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Therewassnoweverywhere,sothattheshapeofthingswasdifficultto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identify

B.authorize

C.justify

D.rationalize

【答案】A

【解析】identify識(shí)別，認(rèn)同；authorize授權(quán)給，許可，批準(zhǔn)；justify替……辯護(hù)，證明合法；nationalize使合理化。句意：到處都是雪，所以東西的形狀很難辨認(rèn)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.單選題

PainterFridaKahlo(1910―1954)oftenusedharrowingimagesderivedfromherMexicanheritagetoexpresssufferingcausedbyadisablingaccidentandastormymarriage.Suggestingmuchpersonalandemotionalcontent,herworks—manyofthemself-portraits—havebeenexhaustivelypsychoanalyzed,whiletheirpoliticalcontenthasbeenlessstudied.YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.

KahlowasinfluencedbyMarxism,whichappealedtomanyintellectualsinthe1920sand1930s,andbyMexicannationalism.InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.Mexicannationalism,reactingagainstcontemporaryUnitedStatespoliticalinterventioninlabordisputesaswellasagainstpastdominationbySpain,identifiedtheAztecsasthelastindependentrulersofanindigenouspoliticalunit.Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.

Inherpaintings,KahlorepeatedlyemployedAztecsymbols,suchasskeletonsorbleedingheartsthatweretraditionallyrelatedtotheemanationoflifefromdeathandlightfromdarkness.TheseimagesofdestructioncoupledwithcreationspeaknotonlytoKahlo’spersonalbattleforlife,butalsototheMexicanstruggletoemergeasanation—byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.OntheUnitedStatessidearemechanisticandmodemimagessuchassmokestacks,lightbulbs,androbots.Incontrast,theorganicandancientsymbolsontheMexicanside—ablood-drenchedSun,lushvegetation,anAztecsculpture,apre-Columbiantemple,andaskullalludingtothosethatlinedthewallsofAztectemples—emphasizetheinterrelationoflife,death,theearth,andthecosmos.

KahloportrayedAztecimagesinthefolkloricstyleoftraditionalMexicanpaintings,therebyheighteningtheclashbetweenmodemmaterialismandindigenoustradition;similarly,shefavoredplannedeconomicdevelopment,butnotattheexpenseofculturalidentity.Heruseoffamiliarsymbolsinareadilyaccessiblestylealsoservedhergoalofbeingpopularlyunderstood;inturn,KahloisviewedbysomeMexicansasamythicfigurerepresentativeofnationalismitself.

31.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointofthepassage?

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsconcerningpsychoanalyticandpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo'sworkwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

33.WhichoneofthefollowingstancestowardtheUnitedStatesdoesthepassagementionascharacterizingMexicannationalistsintheearlytwentiethcentury?

34.Inthecontextofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingphrasescouldbestbesubstitutedfortheword"romantic"（Paragraph2,Line7）withoutsubstantiallychangingtheauthor'smeaning?

35.ThepassageimpliesthatKahlo'sattitudetowardtheeconomicdevelopmentofMexicowas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThedoctrinesofMarxistideologyandMexicannationalismheavilyinfluencedMexicanpaintersofKahlo’sgeneration.

B.Kahlo’spaintingscontainnumerousreferencestotheAztecsasanindigenousMexicanpeoplepredatingEuropeaninfluence.

C.AnimportantelementofKahlo’sworkisconveyedbysymbolsthatreflectheradvocacyofindigenousMexicancultureandMexicanpoliticalautonomy.

D.TheuseofAztecimagesandsymbolsinKahlo’sartcanbetracedtothelatenineteenth-centuryrevivalofinterestinMexicanhistoryandculture.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ThepsychoanalyticinterpretationsofKahlo’sworktendtochallengethepoliticalinterpretations.

B.PoliticalandpsychoanalyticinterpretationsarenetplementaryapproachestoKahlo’swork.

C.RecentpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo’sworkarecausingpsychoanalyticcriticstorevisetheirowninterpretations.

D.Unlikethepoliticalinterpretations,thepsychoanalyticinterpretationsmakeuseofbiographicalfactsofKahlo’slife.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.OppositiontoUnitedStatesinvolvementininternalMexicanaffairs.

B.DesiretodecreaseemigrationoftheMexicanlaborforcetotheUnitedStates.

C.DesiretoimproveMexico’seconomiccompetitivenesswiththeUnitedStates.

D.ReluctancetoimitatetheUnitedStatesmodelofrapidindustrialization.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Dreamyandescapist.

B.Nostalgicandidealistic.

C.Fancifulandimaginative.

D.Transcendentalandimpractical.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.enthusiastic

B.condemnatory

C.cautious

D.noncommittal

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.文章主旨題。瀏覽全文，本文的主題人物是PainterFridaKahlo,全文的主題句為原文第一段最后一句，“YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.（然而，卡羅是一位熱情的政治活動(dòng)家，在她的藝術(shù)中，她不僅尋求探索自己的根源，而且還支持墨西哥爭(zhēng)取獨(dú)立的政治和文化身份的斗爭(zhēng)。）”其中的關(guān)鍵詞為herart，politicalactivist和politicalandculturalidentity。從而得出本題答案。

32.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。原文第三段第二句中的byimplication體現(xiàn)了作者的想法，“byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.”而political與選項(xiàng)B重現(xiàn)；notonly...butalso...體現(xiàn)了Kahlo作品中Political和psychoanalytic為互相補(bǔ)充的關(guān)系。從而得出本題答案。

33.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theearlytwentiethcentury可定位原文第二段第二句?！癐nterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.（19世紀(jì)，人們對(duì)墨西哥文化和歷史的興趣重新燃起，到20世紀(jì)初，墨西哥原住民主義的傾向從對(duì)阿茲特克墨西哥的強(qiáng)烈反西班牙理想化，到強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)代墨西哥印第安人是真正墨西哥文化的關(guān)鍵。）”從而得出本題答案。

34.語義題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段最后一句。“Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.”romantic的意思為“浪漫的；多情的；空想的”，根據(jù)原文中的traditional,ideal判斷得出本題答案。

35.

細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Kahlo’sattitude,theeconomicdevelopmentofMexico可以定位到最后一段第一句，“KahloportrayedAztecimagesinthefolkloricstyleoftraditionalMexicanpaintings,therebyheighteningtheclashbetweenmodemmaterialismandindigenoustradition;similarly,shefavoredplannedeconomicdevelopment,butnotattheexpenseofculturalidentity.”第一句中提到了Kahlo’sattitude，她支持plannedeconomicdevelopment，接著but轉(zhuǎn)折，不能以culturalidentity為代價(jià)。從而得出本題答案。

3.單選題

It’snicetohaveclosefriendsandfamilyyoucan（

），butitliftsahugeweightoffyourshoulderswhenyouknowthatyoucouldsurviveonyourownifyouhadto.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.copewith

B.counton

C.conformto

D.committo

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。copewith“處理，應(yīng)付”；counton“指望，依賴”；conformto“符合，遵照”；committo“交付，致力于”。句意為：有親密的朋友和家人可以依靠固然很好，但是當(dāng)你知道在不得已的情況下，你可以獨(dú)立生活，那時(shí)你便會(huì)卸下一身重?fù)?dān)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby“drugs”thataren’treallydrugsatall（）sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.orrather

B.ratherthan

C.butrather

D.otherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)orrather“更準(zhǔn)確說，倒不如說”，B項(xiàng)ratherthan“而不是”，C項(xiàng)butrather“而寧可說是”，D項(xiàng)otherthan“除了，不同于”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞drug（藥物）和sugarpills（糖丸）可知，空格前后表轉(zhuǎn)折，只有C項(xiàng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折。句意：有時(shí)病人遭受嚴(yán)重的疼痛可以通過“藥物”來緩解，這些“藥物”根本不是藥物，而是不含任何活性化學(xué)元素的糖丸。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thisschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentation

B.instruction

C.conviction

D.obligation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)presentation“展示，描述”，B項(xiàng)instruction“指令，命令，教導(dǎo)”，C項(xiàng)conviction“定罪，確信”，D項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù)，職責(zé)”；根據(jù)句子語境“這所學(xué)校承諾縮小班級(jí)規(guī)模，提供更個(gè)性化的……”可知，只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意：這所學(xué)校承諾要縮小班級(jí)規(guī)模，提供更加個(gè)性化的教學(xué)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Hedoesn’t（）muchinterestinhisstudieswiththeresultthathefailsinexamstimeandagain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indicate

B.exert

C.manifest

D.express

【答案】D

【解析】expressaninterestin...為固定搭配，意為“對(duì)...表現(xiàn)出興趣”。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.問答題

Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(緊縮)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seedandfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.

In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

PresidentHoover’ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlypassedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandproviding,flood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation’ssoilwasthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofarmerssothattheycouldbuyfarmmachinery,hybrid(雜交)grain,andfertilizers.

1.WhatimpactdidthedecliningdemandforAmericanfarmproductshaveonAmericanfarmproducts?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatworsenedAmericanfarmers’financialsituationin1930s?

3.WhywastheFederalFarmBoardestablishedin1929?

4.WhatwasplannedintheAgriculturalAdjustmentActtoraisefarmprices?

5.WhywastheAgriculturalAdjustmentActdeclaredunconstitutional?

【答案】答：

1.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.

2.GreatDepression.

3.Toprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

4.Encouragedfarmersreducethescaleoftheproduction.

5.Thelawbenefitedfarmersattheexpenseofothers.

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“對(duì)美國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求的下降對(duì)美國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)生了什么影響？”。文章第一段提到Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(緊縮)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.（隨著歐洲國(guó)家開始從第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中恢復(fù)過來，并開始實(shí)施緊縮計(jì)劃以減少進(jìn)口，20世紀(jì)20年代對(duì)美國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的需求下降了；結(jié)果是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格急劇下降），因此答案為Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices（結(jié)果是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格急劇下降）。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，是什么惡化了20世紀(jì)30年代美國(guó)農(nóng)民的財(cái)政狀況？”。第一段最后一句提到ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.（從1929年開始并延續(xù)到1939年的大蕭條使這些發(fā)展更加惡化），由此可知答案為GreatDepression（經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條）。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為什么聯(lián)邦農(nóng)業(yè)委員會(huì)成立于1929年？”。第二段最后一句提到itrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.（代表了為農(nóng)民提供更大經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性的第一個(gè)國(guó)家性的承諾），由此可知答案為Toprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers（為農(nóng)民提供更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性）。

4.推理判斷題。題干意思是“農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案中有什么提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格的計(jì)劃？”。第三段第三句和第四句提到ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.（這項(xiàng)法律賦予農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)權(quán)力，通過與農(nóng)民簽訂自愿協(xié)議減少產(chǎn)量，這些農(nóng)民得到報(bào)酬，不再使用他們的土地；故意的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品短缺是為了提高價(jià)格而計(jì)劃的），由此可知，通過與農(nóng)民簽訂自愿協(xié)議，給予農(nóng)民補(bǔ)貼減少土地使用權(quán)，降低農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量可以提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格；即縮小生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。因此答案為Encouragedfarmersreducethescaleoftheproduction（鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民縮小生產(chǎn)規(guī)模）。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“為什么《農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案》被宣布為違憲？”。第三段第五句提到ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.（最高法院宣布這項(xiàng)法律是違反憲法的，因?yàn)槿竦亩愂斩急挥脕頌橐粋€(gè)特殊群體服務(wù)），由此可知，《農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案》被宣布為違憲是因?yàn)樗該p害別人的利益來使農(nóng)民受益；故答案為Thelawbenefitedfarmersattheexpenseofothers（這項(xiàng)法律以損害他人利益為代價(jià)使農(nóng)民受益）。

8.單選題

ItisinterestingtoreflectforamomentuponthedifferencesintheareasofmoralfeelingandstandardsinthepeoplesofJapanandtheUnitedStates.TheAmericansdividetheseareassomewhatrigidlyintospiritandflesh,thetwobeinginoppositioninthelifeofahumanbeing.Ideally,spiritshouldprevailbutalltoooftenitisthefleshthatdoesprevail.TheJapanesemakenosuchdivision,atleastbetweenoneasgoodandtheotherasevil.Theybelievethatapersonhastwosouls,eachnecessary.Oneisthe"gentle"soul,theotheristhe"rough"soul.Sometimesthepersonuseshisgentlesoul,sometimeshemustusehisroughsoul.Hedoesnotfavorhisgentlesoul,neitherdoeshefighthisroughsoul.Humannatureinitselfisgood,Japanesephilosophersinsist,andahumanbeingdoesnotneedtofightanypartofhimself.Hehasonlytolearnhowtouseeachsoulproperlyattheappropriatetimes.VirtuefortheJapaneseconsistsinfulfillingone'sobligationstoothers.Happyendings,eitherinlifeorinfiction,areneithernecessarynorexpected,sincethefulfillmentofdutyprovidesthesatisfyingend,whateverthetragedyitinflicts.Anddutyincludesaperson'sobligationstothosewhohaveconferredbenefitsuponhimandtohimselfasanindividualofhonor.Hedevelopsthroughthisdoublesenseofdutyaself-disciplinewhichisatoncepermissiveandrigid,dependingupontheareainwhichitisfunctioning.

Theprocessofacquiringthisself-disciplinebeginsinchildhood.Indeed,onemaysayitbeginsatbirth—howearlytheJapanesechildisgivenhisownidentity!IfIweretodefineinawordtheattitudeoftheJapanesetowardtheirchildrenIwouldputitinonesuccinctword.Love?Yes,abundanceoflove,warmlyexpressedfrom.themomentheisputtohismother'sbreast.Foramotherthisnursingofherchildisimportantpsychologically.

Rewardsarefrequent,abitofcandybestowedattherightmoment,aninexpensivetoy.Astimecomestoenterschool,however,disciplinebecomesfirmer.Tobringshametothefamilyisthegreatestshameforthechild.

WhatisthesecretoftheJapaneseteachingofself-discipline?Itlies,Ithink,inthefactthattheaimofallteachingistheestablishmentofhabit.Rulesarerepeatedoverandover,andcontinuallypracticeduntilobediencebecomesinstinctive.Thisrepetitionisenhancedbytheexpectationoftheelders.Theyexpectachildtoobeyandtolearnthroughobedience.Thedemandisgentleatfirstandtemperedtothechild'stenderage.Itisnolessgentleastimegoeson,butcertainlyitisincreasinglyinexorable.

Now,farawayfromthatwarmJapanesehome,IreflectuponwhatIlearnedthere.What,Iwonder,willtaketheplaceofthewebofloveanddisciplinewhichforsomanycenturieshassurroundedthelifeandthinkingofthepeopleofJapan?

1.AccordingtoJapanesebeliefachildisborn（）.

2.ThetrainingoftheJapanesechildcanbestbedescribedas（）.

3.Intheteachingofself-disciplinetheJapaneseemphasize（）.

4.TheJapaneseideaofvirtueis（）.

5.TotheJapanese,theaimofexistenceis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.basicallygood

B.amoral,neithergoodnorevil

C.withtwosoulswhichareincombatwithoneanother

D.insin

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.asystemofrewardsandpunishments

B.frequentdiscipliningwhichbecomesmoreinexorablysevereasthechildgrowsolder

C.benevolentandindulgentduringtheearlyyears,butsomewhatmoresevereasthechildgrowsolder

D.almostentirelypsychological

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.dutytoone'sfamilyandrelations

B.earlytoilettrainingcombinedwithrestrictivemovement

C.heavyexternalcontrolincludingbothverbalandphysicalpunishment

D.apermissiveatmospherealmostuntilpuberty

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.sublimatingthe"rough"soultopermitascendancyofthe"gentle"soul

B.fulfillingone'sobligationstoothers

C.doinggoodandavoidingevil

D.beingfriendlyandcourteoustoallpeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thepursuitofhappiness

B.rewardintheafterlife

C.ahappyendingtoone'sactivities

D.fulfillingone'sduty

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段“Humannatureinitselfisgood,Japanesephilosophersinsist,andahumanbeingdoesnotneedtofightanypartofhimself.Hehasonlytolearnhowtouseeachsoulproperlyattheappropriatetimes.”日本哲學(xué)家堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,人性本身是好的,一個(gè)人不需要與自己的任何一部分作斗爭(zhēng)。他只需要學(xué)習(xí)如何在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂妹恳粋€(gè)靈魂。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句“Thedemandisgentleatfirstandtemperedtothechild'stenderage.Itisnolessgentleastimegoeson,butcertainlyitisincreasinglyinexorable.”這種要求一開始是溫和的,根據(jù)孩子們幼小的年齡而進(jìn)行調(diào)整,隨著時(shí)間的推移這種要求就不那么溫和了,可以肯定的說是越來越無情了。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.本題與上一題意思相近,這種要求一開始是溫和的,根據(jù)孩子們幼小的年齡而進(jìn)行調(diào)整,隨著時(shí)間的推移這種要求就不那么溫和了,可以肯定的說是越來越無情了。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第一段中提到的“VirtuefortheJapaneseconsistsinfulfillingone'sobligationstoothers.”可知選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第一段的后半部分的內(nèi)容可知,對(duì)于日本人來說,存在的目的就是履行職責(zé)。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.單選題

Hadtheexplosionbrokenout,thepassengersintheplaneshouldhavebeenkilled,foritwas（

）timedwiththeplane’stake-off.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.simultaneously

B.instantaneously

C.spontaneously

D.conscientiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)simultaneously“同時(shí)地”；B選項(xiàng)instantaneously“突如其來地，即刻”；C選項(xiàng)spontaneously“自然地，自發(fā)地”；D選項(xiàng)conscientiously“憑良心地，認(rèn)真地”。當(dāng)虛擬條件句中的謂語含有were，had，should時(shí)，可省略連詞if，將were，had，should置于句首。Hadtheexplosionbrokenout=Iftheexplosionhadbrokenout（如果爆炸突然發(fā)生），由“爆炸發(fā)生”與“飛機(jī)上的乘客死亡”可推測(cè)這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，因此選A。句意：如果爆炸突然發(fā)生，飛機(jī)上的乘客就會(huì)被殺死，因?yàn)楸òl(fā)生的時(shí)間和飛機(jī)起飛的時(shí)間是同一時(shí)間。

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthatherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses―thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbytrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What?”,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handing,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboybetteratmathematicsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshallnotknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectsandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectandbecausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedby_____factors.

3.“thesedifferences”inparagraph5refertothosein.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到第三段倒數(shù)第一、二句Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong（我們傾向于認(rèn)為是社會(huì)的影響造成了這些差異。但我們可能錯(cuò)了），第二步尋找上下文線索，文章后面的解釋可以知道我們傾向于認(rèn)為社會(huì)因素導(dǎo)致兩性之間的思維和行為方式不同，但是研究表明這些是因?yàn)榇竽X結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)致的，所以C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)研究的結(jié)果無法支持大眾的信念”正確；

A選項(xiàng)“生物學(xué)家正在進(jìn)行心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)放棄的研究”，定位到第一段第四句話Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield…（現(xiàn)在生物學(xué)家們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了這個(gè)雷區(qū)……），這里只是說生物學(xué)家開始探究男女之間的差異，但是沒有說到心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)放棄這個(gè)領(lǐng)域了，A選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有，所以不選；

B選項(xiàng)“大腦的差異表明了兩性之間的優(yōu)越性”，定位到最后一段最后一句Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse（但他們匆忙地指出，不同并不等同于更好或更差），B選項(xiàng)的表述錯(cuò)誤，這里屬于反向干擾，所以不選；

D選項(xiàng)“兩性之間大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的差異早已為人所知”，定位到第三段第三句Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmen（這是首次發(fā)現(xiàn)女性和男性大腦結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異），從這里可知D選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾，所以不選。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.（我們傾向于認(rèn)為是社會(huì)的影響造成了這些差異）。第二步，綜合理解，由這里可知答案選D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)”；

A選項(xiàng)“生物”，文中第一段有提到生物學(xué)家和心理學(xué)家都在研究?jī)尚灾g的不同，但是主題不是人們的心理認(rèn)知，這里屬于曲解原文。

B選項(xiàng)“心理”；同A選項(xiàng)。

C選項(xiàng)“身體的”，文中完全沒有提到生理這個(gè)因素，屬于無中生有。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第五段第一句Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.（但在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上解釋男女技能的實(shí)際差異并不那么容易）由這里可知答案選A選項(xiàng)“男人和女人的技能”；

B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)科目”，定位到第五段第二句話Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboybetteratmathematicsandphysics.（在世界各地的學(xué)校里，女孩在“語言科目”上往往比男孩好，而男孩在