考研考博-英語-臨汾職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-臨汾職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Therewassnoweverywhere,sothattheshapeofthingswasdifficultto（）.

問題1選項

A.identify

B.authorize

C.justify

D.rationalize

【答案】A

【解析】identify識別，認同；authorize授權(quán)給，許可，批準；justify替……辯護，證明合法；nationalize使合理化。句意：到處都是雪，所以東西的形狀很難辨認。選項A符合句意。

2.單選題

PainterFridaKahlo(1910―1954)oftenusedharrowingimagesderivedfromherMexicanheritagetoexpresssufferingcausedbyadisablingaccidentandastormymarriage.Suggestingmuchpersonalandemotionalcontent,herworks—manyofthemself-portraits—havebeenexhaustivelypsychoanalyzed,whiletheirpoliticalcontenthasbeenlessstudied.YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.

KahlowasinfluencedbyMarxism,whichappealedtomanyintellectualsinthe1920sand1930s,andbyMexicannationalism.InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.Mexicannationalism,reactingagainstcontemporaryUnitedStatespoliticalinterventioninlabordisputesaswellasagainstpastdominationbySpain,identifiedtheAztecsasthelastindependentrulersofanindigenouspoliticalunit.Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.

Inherpaintings,KahlorepeatedlyemployedAztecsymbols,suchasskeletonsorbleedingheartsthatweretraditionallyrelatedtotheemanationoflifefromdeathandlightfromdarkness.TheseimagesofdestructioncoupledwithcreationspeaknotonlytoKahlo’spersonalbattleforlife,butalsototheMexicanstruggletoemergeasanation—byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.OntheUnitedStatessidearemechanisticandmodemimagessuchassmokestacks,lightbulbs,androbots.Incontrast,theorganicandancientsymbolsontheMexicanside—ablood-drenchedSun,lushvegetation,anAztecsculpture,apre-Columbiantemple,andaskullalludingtothosethatlinedthewallsofAztectemples—emphasizetheinterrelationoflife,death,theearth,andthecosmos.

KahloportrayedAztecimagesinthefolkloricstyleoftraditionalMexicanpaintings,therebyheighteningtheclashbetweenmodemmaterialismandindigenoustradition;similarly,shefavoredplannedeconomicdevelopment,butnotattheexpenseofculturalidentity.Heruseoffamiliarsymbolsinareadilyaccessiblestylealsoservedhergoalofbeingpopularlyunderstood;inturn,KahloisviewedbysomeMexicansasamythicfigurerepresentativeofnationalismitself.

31.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointofthepassage?

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsconcerningpsychoanalyticandpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo'sworkwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

33.WhichoneofthefollowingstancestowardtheUnitedStatesdoesthepassagementionascharacterizingMexicannationalistsintheearlytwentiethcentury?

34.Inthecontextofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingphrasescouldbestbesubstitutedfortheword"romantic"（Paragraph2,Line7）withoutsubstantiallychangingtheauthor'smeaning?

35.ThepassageimpliesthatKahlo'sattitudetowardtheeconomicdevelopmentofMexicowas（）.

問題1選項

A.ThedoctrinesofMarxistideologyandMexicannationalismheavilyinfluencedMexicanpaintersofKahlo’sgeneration.

B.Kahlo’spaintingscontainnumerousreferencestotheAztecsasanindigenousMexicanpeoplepredatingEuropeaninfluence.

C.AnimportantelementofKahlo’sworkisconveyedbysymbolsthatreflectheradvocacyofindigenousMexicancultureandMexicanpoliticalautonomy.

D.TheuseofAztecimagesandsymbolsinKahlo’sartcanbetracedtothelatenineteenth-centuryrevivalofinterestinMexicanhistoryandculture.

問題2選項

A.ThepsychoanalyticinterpretationsofKahlo’sworktendtochallengethepoliticalinterpretations.

B.PoliticalandpsychoanalyticinterpretationsarenetplementaryapproachestoKahlo’swork.

C.RecentpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo’sworkarecausingpsychoanalyticcriticstorevisetheirowninterpretations.

D.Unlikethepoliticalinterpretations,thepsychoanalyticinterpretationsmakeuseofbiographicalfactsofKahlo’slife.

問題3選項

A.OppositiontoUnitedStatesinvolvementininternalMexicanaffairs.

B.DesiretodecreaseemigrationoftheMexicanlaborforcetotheUnitedStates.

C.DesiretoimproveMexico’seconomiccompetitivenesswiththeUnitedStates.

D.ReluctancetoimitatetheUnitedStatesmodelofrapidindustrialization.

問題4選項

A.Dreamyandescapist.

B.Nostalgicandidealistic.

C.Fancifulandimaginative.

D.Transcendentalandimpractical.

問題5選項

A.enthusiastic

B.condemnatory

C.cautious

D.noncommittal

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.文章主旨題。瀏覽全文，本文的主題人物是PainterFridaKahlo,全文的主題句為原文第一段最后一句，“YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.（然而，卡羅是一位熱情的政治活動家，在她的藝術(shù)中，她不僅尋求探索自己的根源，而且還支持墨西哥爭取獨立的政治和文化身份的斗爭。）”其中的關(guān)鍵詞為herart，politicalactivist和politicalandculturalidentity。從而得出本題答案。

32.

細節(jié)推斷題。原文第三段第二句中的byimplication體現(xiàn)了作者的想法，“byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.”而political與選項B重現(xiàn)；notonly...butalso...體現(xiàn)了Kahlo作品中Political和psychoanalytic為互相補充的關(guān)系。從而得出本題答案。

33.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theearlytwentiethcentury可定位原文第二段第二句?！癐nterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.（19世紀，人們對墨西哥文化和歷史的興趣重新燃起，到20世紀初，墨西哥原住民主義的傾向從對阿茲特克墨西哥的強烈反西班牙理想化，到強調(diào)當代墨西哥印第安人是真正墨西哥文化的關(guān)鍵。）”從而得出本題答案。

34.語義題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段最后一句?！癒ahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.”romantic的意思為“浪漫的；多情的；空想的”，根據(jù)原文中的traditional,ideal判斷得出本題答案。

35.

細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Kahlo’sattitude,theeconomicdevelopmentofMexico可以定位到最后一段第一句，“KahloportrayedAztecimagesinthefolkloricstyleoftraditionalMexicanpaintings,therebyheighteningtheclashbetweenmodemmaterialismandindigenoustradition;similarly,shefavoredplannedeconomicdevelopment,butnotattheexpenseofculturalidentity.”第一句中提到了Kahlo’sattitude，她支持plannedeconomicdevelopment，接著but轉(zhuǎn)折，不能以culturalidentity為代價。從而得出本題答案。

3.單選題

It’snicetohaveclosefriendsandfamilyyoucan（

），butitliftsahugeweightoffyourshoulderswhenyouknowthatyoucouldsurviveonyourownifyouhadto.

問題1選項

A.copewith

B.counton

C.conformto

D.committo

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。copewith“處理，應(yīng)付”；counton“指望，依賴”；conformto“符合，遵照”；committo“交付，致力于”。句意為：有親密的朋友和家人可以依靠固然很好，但是當你知道在不得已的情況下，你可以獨立生活，那時你便會卸下一身重擔。選項B符合句意。

4.單選題

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby“drugs”thataren’treallydrugsatall（）sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

問題1選項

A.orrather

B.ratherthan

C.butrather

D.otherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項orrather“更準確說，倒不如說”，B項ratherthan“而不是”，C項butrather“而寧可說是”，D項otherthan“除了，不同于”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞drug（藥物）和sugarpills（糖丸）可知，空格前后表轉(zhuǎn)折，只有C項表示轉(zhuǎn)折。句意：有時病人遭受嚴重的疼痛可以通過“藥物”來緩解，這些“藥物”根本不是藥物，而是不含任何活性化學元素的糖丸。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

5.單選題

Thisschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized（）.

問題1選項

A.presentation

B.instruction

C.conviction

D.obligation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項presentation“展示，描述”，B項instruction“指令，命令，教導(dǎo)”，C項conviction“定罪，確信”，D項obligation“義務(wù)，職責”；根據(jù)句子語境“這所學校承諾縮小班級規(guī)模，提供更個性化的……”可知，只有B項符合。句意：這所學校承諾要縮小班級規(guī)模，提供更加個性化的教學。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

6.單選題

Hedoesn’t（）muchinterestinhisstudieswiththeresultthathefailsinexamstimeandagain.

問題1選項

A.indicate

B.exert

C.manifest

D.express

【答案】D

【解析】expressaninterestin...為固定搭配，意為“對...表現(xiàn)出興趣”。所以選項D正確。

7.問答題

Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(緊縮)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seedandfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.

In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

PresidentHoover’ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlypassedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandproviding,flood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation’ssoilwasthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofarmerssothattheycouldbuyfarmmachinery,hybrid(雜交)grain,andfertilizers.

1.WhatimpactdidthedecliningdemandforAmericanfarmproductshaveonAmericanfarmproducts?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatworsenedAmericanfarmers’financialsituationin1930s?

3.WhywastheFederalFarmBoardestablishedin1929?

4.WhatwasplannedintheAgriculturalAdjustmentActtoraisefarmprices?

5.WhywastheAgriculturalAdjustmentActdeclaredunconstitutional?

【答案】答：

1.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.

2.GreatDepression.

3.Toprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

4.Encouragedfarmersreducethescaleoftheproduction.

5.Thelawbenefitedfarmersattheexpenseofothers.

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“對美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求的下降對美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)生了什么影響？”。文章第一段提到Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(緊縮)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.（隨著歐洲國家開始從第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中恢復(fù)過來，并開始實施緊縮計劃以減少進口，20世紀20年代對美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的需求下降了；結(jié)果是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格急劇下降），因此答案為Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices（結(jié)果是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格急劇下降）。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，是什么惡化了20世紀30年代美國農(nóng)民的財政狀況？”。第一段最后一句提到ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.（從1929年開始并延續(xù)到1939年的大蕭條使這些發(fā)展更加惡化），由此可知答案為GreatDepression（經(jīng)濟大蕭條）。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“為什么聯(lián)邦農(nóng)業(yè)委員會成立于1929年？”。第二段最后一句提到itrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.（代表了為農(nóng)民提供更大經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定性的第一個國家性的承諾），由此可知答案為Toprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers（為農(nóng)民提供更大的經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定性）。

4.推理判斷題。題干意思是“農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案中有什么提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格的計劃？”。第三段第三句和第四句提到ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.（這項法律賦予農(nóng)業(yè)部長權(quán)力，通過與農(nóng)民簽訂自愿協(xié)議減少產(chǎn)量，這些農(nóng)民得到報酬，不再使用他們的土地；故意的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品短缺是為了提高價格而計劃的），由此可知，通過與農(nóng)民簽訂自愿協(xié)議，給予農(nóng)民補貼減少土地使用權(quán)，降低農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量可以提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格；即縮小生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。因此答案為Encouragedfarmersreducethescaleoftheproduction（鼓勵農(nóng)民縮小生產(chǎn)規(guī)模）。

5.細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“為什么《農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案》被宣布為違憲？”。第三段第五句提到ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.（最高法院宣布這項法律是違反憲法的，因為全民的稅收都被用來為一個特殊群體服務(wù)），由此可知，《農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案》被宣布為違憲是因為它以損害別人的利益來使農(nóng)民受益；故答案為Thelawbenefitedfarmersattheexpenseofothers（這項法律以損害他人利益為代價使農(nóng)民受益）。

8.單選題

ItisinterestingtoreflectforamomentuponthedifferencesintheareasofmoralfeelingandstandardsinthepeoplesofJapanandtheUnitedStates.TheAmericansdividetheseareassomewhatrigidlyintospiritandflesh,thetwobeinginoppositioninthelifeofahumanbeing.Ideally,spiritshouldprevailbutalltoooftenitisthefleshthatdoesprevail.TheJapanesemakenosuchdivision,atleastbetweenoneasgoodandtheotherasevil.Theybelievethatapersonhastwosouls,eachnecessary.Oneisthe"gentle"soul,theotheristhe"rough"soul.Sometimesthepersonuseshisgentlesoul,sometimeshemustusehisroughsoul.Hedoesnotfavorhisgentlesoul,neitherdoeshefighthisroughsoul.Humannatureinitselfisgood,Japanesephilosophersinsist,andahumanbeingdoesnotneedtofightanypartofhimself.Hehasonlytolearnhowtouseeachsoulproperlyattheappropriatetimes.VirtuefortheJapaneseconsistsinfulfillingone'sobligationstoothers.Happyendings,eitherinlifeorinfiction,areneithernecessarynorexpected,sincethefulfillmentofdutyprovidesthesatisfyingend,whateverthetragedyitinflicts.Anddutyincludesaperson'sobligationstothosewhohaveconferredbenefitsuponhimandtohimselfasanindividualofhonor.Hedevelopsthroughthisdoublesenseofdutyaself-disciplinewhichisatoncepermissiveandrigid,dependingupontheareainwhichitisfunctioning.

Theprocessofacquiringthisself-disciplinebeginsinchildhood.Indeed,onemaysayitbeginsatbirth—howearlytheJapanesechildisgivenhisownidentity!IfIweretodefineinawordtheattitudeoftheJapanesetowardtheirchildrenIwouldputitinonesuccinctword.Love?Yes,abundanceoflove,warmlyexpressedfrom.themomentheisputtohismother'sbreast.Foramotherthisnursingofherchildisimportantpsychologically.

Rewardsarefrequent,abitofcandybestowedattherightmoment,aninexpensivetoy.Astimecomestoenterschool,however,disciplinebecomesfirmer.Tobringshametothefamilyisthegreatestshameforthechild.

WhatisthesecretoftheJapaneseteachingofself-discipline?Itlies,Ithink,inthefactthattheaimofallteachingistheestablishmentofhabit.Rulesarerepeatedoverandover,andcontinuallypracticeduntilobediencebecomesinstinctive.Thisrepetitionisenhancedbytheexpectationoftheelders.Theyexpectachildtoobeyandtolearnthroughobedience.Thedemandisgentleatfirstandtemperedtothechild'stenderage.Itisnolessgentleastimegoeson,butcertainlyitisincreasinglyinexorable.

Now,farawayfromthatwarmJapanesehome,IreflectuponwhatIlearnedthere.What,Iwonder,willtaketheplaceofthewebofloveanddisciplinewhichforsomanycenturieshassurroundedthelifeandthinkingofthepeopleofJapan?

1.AccordingtoJapanesebeliefachildisborn（）.

2.ThetrainingoftheJapanesechildcanbestbedescribedas（）.

3.Intheteachingofself-disciplinetheJapaneseemphasize（）.

4.TheJapaneseideaofvirtueis（）.

5.TotheJapanese,theaimofexistenceis（）.

問題1選項

A.basicallygood

B.amoral,neithergoodnorevil

C.withtwosoulswhichareincombatwithoneanother

D.insin

問題2選項

A.asystemofrewardsandpunishments

B.frequentdiscipliningwhichbecomesmoreinexorablysevereasthechildgrowsolder

C.benevolentandindulgentduringtheearlyyears,butsomewhatmoresevereasthechildgrowsolder

D.almostentirelypsychological

問題3選項

A.dutytoone'sfamilyandrelations

B.earlytoilettrainingcombinedwithrestrictivemovement

C.heavyexternalcontrolincludingbothverbalandphysicalpunishment

D.apermissiveatmospherealmostuntilpuberty

問題4選項

A.sublimatingthe"rough"soultopermitascendancyofthe"gentle"soul

B.fulfillingone'sobligationstoothers

C.doinggoodandavoidingevil

D.beingfriendlyandcourteoustoallpeople

問題5選項

A.thepursuitofhappiness

B.rewardintheafterlife

C.ahappyendingtoone'sactivities

D.fulfillingone'sduty

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段“Humannatureinitselfisgood,Japanesephilosophersinsist,andahumanbeingdoesnotneedtofightanypartofhimself.Hehasonlytolearnhowtouseeachsoulproperlyattheappropriatetimes.”日本哲學家堅持認為,人性本身是好的,一個人不需要與自己的任何一部分作斗爭。他只需要學習如何在適當?shù)臅r候恰當?shù)厥褂妹恳粋€靈魂。所以選項A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句“Thedemandisgentleatfirstandtemperedtothechild'stenderage.Itisnolessgentleastimegoeson,butcertainlyitisincreasinglyinexorable.”這種要求一開始是溫和的,根據(jù)孩子們幼小的年齡而進行調(diào)整,隨著時間的推移這種要求就不那么溫和了,可以肯定的說是越來越無情了。選項C符合原文。

3.本題與上一題意思相近,這種要求一開始是溫和的,根據(jù)孩子們幼小的年齡而進行調(diào)整,隨著時間的推移這種要求就不那么溫和了,可以肯定的說是越來越無情了。選項D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第一段中提到的“VirtuefortheJapaneseconsistsinfulfillingone'sobligationstoothers.”可知選項B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第一段的后半部分的內(nèi)容可知,對于日本人來說,存在的目的就是履行職責。所以選項D正確。

9.單選題

Hadtheexplosionbrokenout,thepassengersintheplaneshouldhavebeenkilled,foritwas（

）timedwiththeplane’stake-off.

問題1選項

A.simultaneously

B.instantaneously

C.spontaneously

D.conscientiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項simultaneously“同時地”；B選項instantaneously“突如其來地，即刻”；C選項spontaneously“自然地，自發(fā)地”；D選項conscientiously“憑良心地，認真地”。當虛擬條件句中的謂語含有were，had，should時，可省略連詞if，將were，had，should置于句首。Hadtheexplosionbrokenout=Iftheexplosionhadbrokenout（如果爆炸突然發(fā)生），由“爆炸發(fā)生”與“飛機上的乘客死亡”可推測這兩個動詞應(yīng)是同時發(fā)生的，因此選A。句意：如果爆炸突然發(fā)生，飛機上的乘客就會被殺死，因為爆炸發(fā)生的時間和飛機起飛的時間是同一時間。

10.不定項選擇題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthatherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses―thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbytrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibersthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What?”,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handing,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboybetteratmathematicsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshallnotknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectsandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectandbecausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedby_____factors.

3.“thesedifferences”inparagraph5refertothosein.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

問題2選項

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

問題3選項

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

問題4選項

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

問題5選項

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到第三段倒數(shù)第一、二句Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong（我們傾向于認為是社會的影響造成了這些差異。但我們可能錯了），第二步尋找上下文線索，文章后面的解釋可以知道我們傾向于認為社會因素導(dǎo)致兩性之間的思維和行為方式不同，但是研究表明這些是因為大腦結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)致的，所以C選項“科學研究的結(jié)果無法支持大眾的信念”正確；

A選項“生物學家正在進行心理學家已經(jīng)放棄的研究”，定位到第一段第四句話Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield…（現(xiàn)在生物學家們已經(jīng)進入了這個雷區(qū)……），這里只是說生物學家開始探究男女之間的差異，但是沒有說到心理學家已經(jīng)放棄這個領(lǐng)域了，A選項屬于無中生有，所以不選；

B選項“大腦的差異表明了兩性之間的優(yōu)越性”，定位到最后一段最后一句Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse（但他們匆忙地指出，不同并不等同于更好或更差），B選項的表述錯誤，這里屬于反向干擾，所以不選；

D選項“兩性之間大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的差異早已為人所知”，定位到第三段第三句Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmen（這是首次發(fā)現(xiàn)女性和男性大腦結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異），從這里可知D選項表述錯誤，屬于反向干擾，所以不選。

第2題:事實細節(jié)題。第一步，精準定位，定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.（我們傾向于認為是社會的影響造成了這些差異）。第二步，綜合理解，由這里可知答案選D選項“社會”；

A選項“生物”，文中第一段有提到生物學家和心理學家都在研究兩性之間的不同，但是主題不是人們的心理認知，這里屬于曲解原文。

B選項“心理”；同A選項。

C選項“身體的”，文中完全沒有提到生理這個因素，屬于無中生有。

第3題:事實細節(jié)題。第一步，精準定位，定位到第五段第一句Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.（但在這個基礎(chǔ)上解釋男女技能的實際差異并不那么容易）由這里可知答案選A選項“男人和女人的技能”；

B選項“學習科目”，定位到第五段第二句話Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“l(fā)anguagesubjects”andboybetteratmathematicsandphysics.（在世界各地的學校里，女孩在“語言科目”上往往比男孩好，而男孩在