考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京第二外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京第二外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

To（

）theriskoftheft,installagoodalarmsystem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decrease

B.minimize

C.limit

D.eliminate

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)decrease“減少，降低”；B選項(xiàng)minimize“最小化”；C選項(xiàng)limit“限制”；D選項(xiàng)eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：為了消除被盜的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，安裝一個(gè)好的報(bào)警系統(tǒng)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Lastyear,Mattearned（）hisbrother,whohasabetterposition.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.twiceasmuchas

B.twiceasmanyas

C.twicemoreas

D.twiceasmoreas

【答案】A

【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)。1.倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)+as+其它。這種結(jié)構(gòu)又常演變成下列兩類：①倍數(shù)+as+many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as；②倍數(shù)+as+much+不可數(shù)名詞+as。如:ThereareseventimesasmanypeopleasIexpected.（是我預(yù)料的人數(shù)的七倍。），Thereisfivetimesasmuchcoffeeinthisglassasinthatone.（這個(gè)杯子里的咖啡是那個(gè)杯子里的五倍。），這個(gè)句子前半句說(shuō)馬特賺得比他哥哥多，肯定是錢(qián)money賺得多，而money是不可數(shù)，所以不能用many，排除B選項(xiàng)。沒(méi)有C，D選項(xiàng)的用法。句意：去年馬特比他哥哥賺得多兩倍，而他哥哥的職位比他高。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Hewas（）betweenthedesiretocrushNankingattheearliestpossiblemomentbythrowinghisfullforceagainstthatcityandhisrealizationoftheneedtoprovidestrongforcesforthereliefofShanghai.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.irritated

B.beset

C.torn

D.tortured

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)irritated“生氣的”；B選項(xiàng)beset“困擾的”，表示某人因某事而困擾，符合題意；C選項(xiàng)torn“撕裂的”；D選項(xiàng)tortured“折磨的”。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，他正在被兩件事情所困擾，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：他既希望盡其所能盡快摧毀南京，又意識(shí)到需要提供強(qiáng)大的力量來(lái)解救上海，他在兩者之間……。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Providingfirst-classserviceisoneofthetacticstheairlineadoptstoattractpassengers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.methods

B.attitudes

C.thoughts

D.solutions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。tactic“策略，手段”；A選項(xiàng)method“方法；手段”；B選項(xiàng)attitude“態(tài)度；意見(jiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)thought“思想；想法；關(guān)心”；D選項(xiàng)solution“解決方案；溶液；溶解”。句意：提供一流的服務(wù)是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。根據(jù)句中“toattractpassengers為吸引乘客”可知tactic在這里的意思為“手段”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Hiscareerwasnotnoticeably（

）bythefactthathehadneverbeentocollege.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevented

B.restrained

C.hindered

D.refrained

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。prevent“防止”；restrain“抑制，阻止”；hinder“阻礙”；refrain“抑制，自制，避免”。句意：他的事業(yè)沒(méi)有因?yàn)樗麤](méi)上過(guò)大學(xué)而受到明顯的障礙。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Therearenominees，like“LoneSurvivor”，thatwon'twinthe2014Oscars,but（）yourattention,becauseeachisastunningperformancethatwillendureforquitesometime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suspend

B.surpass

C.derive

D.deserve

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由but以及because引導(dǎo)的句子句意“因?yàn)槊總€(gè)都是非常精彩的會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間的表演”可知這些表演值得別人關(guān)注。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：有些提名影片，比如《孤獨(dú)的幸存者》（LoneSurvivor），不會(huì)獲得2014年奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)，但是值得引起你的注意，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)都是非常精彩的會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間的表演。

7.單選題

Youhavemadethemistakeofthinkingthathisbehavioris（

）;actually,veryfewofhisgroupbehavethatwayhedoes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.generic

B.viable

C.idiosyncratic

D.soporific

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。generic“一般的”；viable“可行的，能養(yǎng)活的”；idiosyncratic“特殊的，特質(zhì)的”；soporific“催眠的”。句意：你認(rèn)為他的行為很普通，實(shí)際上，他們小組其他成員都不會(huì)像他那樣做。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,______obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofwhich

B.which

C.withwhich

D.forwhich

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：生活在這個(gè)國(guó)家的西部有很多問(wèn)題，其中獲取淡水還不是小問(wèn)題。橫線到句尾是修飾problems的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序還原為obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleastofproblems，A選項(xiàng)ofwhich符合題意。B選項(xiàng)which缺介詞；C選項(xiàng)withwhich和D選項(xiàng)forwhich介詞錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

這個(gè)電壓為原來(lái)的2/5。

【答案】Thisvoltageistwo-fifthoftheoriginalvoltage.

10.單選題

Fromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst（1）,theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethis（2）tool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,thepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture（3）andculturalgrowthincreased.

Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis（4）forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They（5）thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesuswitha(n)（6）languageabilitynotfoundinlowerorganisms.Supportersofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour（7）forlanguageisinborn,butthat

languageitselfdevelopsgradually,asafunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical（8）timesforlanguagedevelopment.

Current（9）ofinnatenesstheoryaremixed;however,evidence（10）theexistenceofsome

innateabilitiesisundeniable.Indeed,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin（11）grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing（12）to

them,whileadultshaveamuch（13）timelearninganotherlanguageoncetherulesoftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.

（14）someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyin

avacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen（15）fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.This

demonstratesthat（16）withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage（17）thananyinnatecapacities.

Thesetheoristsviewlanguage（18）imitative,learnedbehavior.（19）,childrenlearnlanguage

fromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsby（20）reinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.generated

B.evolved

C.born

D.originated

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.valuable

B.appropriate

C.convenient

D.favorite

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.attainments

B.feasibility

C.entertainments

D.evolution

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.essential

B.available

C.reliable

D.responsible

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.confirm

B.inform

C.claim

D.convince

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.innate

B.basic

C.inspiring

D.outgoing

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.performance

C.preference

D.passion

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.ideological

B.biological

C.social

D.psychological

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.reviews

B.reference

C.reaction

D.recommendation

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.opposing

B.supporting

C.encouraging

D.discouraging

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.various

B.different

C.thehigher

D.thelower

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.revealed

B.exposed

C.engaged

D.involved

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.hard

B.easy

C.harder

D.easier

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.Although

B.Whether

C.Since

D.When

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.distinguished

B.different

C.protected

D.isolated

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.exposition

B.comparison

C.contrast

D.interaction

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.acquisition

B.appreciation

C.requirement

D.alternative

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.tobe

B.into

C.as

D.of

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.Asaresult

B.Afterall

C.Inotherwords

D.Aboveall

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.negatively

B.positively

C.negative

D.positive

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】（1）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。generated生殖，發(fā)展；evolved逐漸發(fā)展，進(jìn)化；born出世（bear的過(guò)去分詞）；originated起源。根據(jù)原文句意：當(dāng)人類剛剛開(kāi)始，他們跟新生兒一樣不會(huì)運(yùn)用這種工具。選項(xiàng)B更符合原文語(yǔ)境。

（2）形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，填空處的詞是用來(lái)修飾語(yǔ)言的。valuable珍貴的；appropriate合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)?；convenient方便的，便利的；favorite最喜歡的。這里指語(yǔ)言工具，所以選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

（3）名詞詞義辨析。attainments成就；feasibility可行性；entertainments娛樂(lè)；evolution進(jìn)化。句意：語(yǔ)言一旦發(fā)展起來(lái)，人類未來(lái)取得成就和文化發(fā)展的可能性就增加了。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（4）beresponsiblefor對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)，是……的原因。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可以推斷，這里是指：進(jìn)化是我們有能力發(fā)明和使用語(yǔ)言的原因，而不是說(shuō)進(jìn)化對(duì)我們有能力發(fā)明和使用語(yǔ)言很重要，所以選D而不選A。

（5）根據(jù)原文可知that后面的從句是生物學(xué)家們提出的觀點(diǎn)，所以用claim（聲稱）符合原文語(yǔ)境。

（6）上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)下文“innatenesstheory”可知，此處也應(yīng)填入innate。

（7）名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意：人類的語(yǔ)言潛能是與生俱來(lái)的，但語(yǔ)言本身也在逐漸發(fā)展。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（8）形近詞辨析。ideological思想上的；biological生物的；social社會(huì)的；psychological心理的。根據(jù)上文“asafunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood”可以推斷，語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的生物變化的時(shí)期，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（9）名詞詞義辨析。reviews評(píng)論；reference參考；reaction反應(yīng)；recommendation推薦。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指人們對(duì)天賦論的評(píng)論不一。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（10）上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)evidence可知，只有supporting符合邏輯關(guān)系。句意：支持某些先天能力的證據(jù)卻是毋庸置疑的。所以本題選B。

（11）上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)下文“Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguages”可推斷，學(xué)外語(yǔ)要從低年級(jí)開(kāi)始教起。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

（12）固定搭配。engaged通常與介詞in或者with搭配；involved通常與介詞in搭配。這里指長(zhǎng)期處于……環(huán)境中，所以選項(xiàng)B更符合原文。

（13）上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)while可知，成年人和孩子們想比應(yīng)該是相反的情況，所以排除選項(xiàng)B和D，再根據(jù)副詞much可知，這里應(yīng)填入比較級(jí)，選項(xiàng)C正確。

（14）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意：語(yǔ)言的某些方面確實(shí)是與生俱來(lái)的，語(yǔ)言不是憑空自己發(fā)展的。所以，前后應(yīng)該為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合原文語(yǔ)境。

（15）上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)言不是憑空自己發(fā)展的，也就是說(shuō)不能在與世隔絕的環(huán)境中發(fā)展。所以這里應(yīng)該選D。

（16）上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)句意：這說(shuō)明與他人的互動(dòng)對(duì)于語(yǔ)言的正常發(fā)展是必要的。只有選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

（17）上下文語(yǔ)義。acquisition獲得；appreciation欣賞；requirement要求；alternative可供選擇的。根據(jù)句意：一些語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為，這比任何先天能力對(duì)人類語(yǔ)言習(xí)得更為基礎(chǔ)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（18）固定搭配。viewas意為：認(rèn)為……是……；把……看作……，符合原文句意。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（19）上下文語(yǔ)義和詞組辨析。Asaresult結(jié)果是；Afterall畢竟；Inotherwords換言之；Aboveall首先。下句是對(duì)上句的一個(gè)舉例，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（20）副詞詞義辨析和上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)下文“negativelyreinforcingimprecise”可知這里應(yīng)填入positively。選項(xiàng)B正確。

11.單選題

Iknowcold.AndallyouMinnesotapeoplemaydiscountmebecauseIamfromPhoenix,buttrustme,Iknowcold.Ihaveclimbedthehighestpeakoneachcontinent(thefamedSevenSummits)andhaveskiedtoboththeNorthandSouthPoles—afeatknownastheAdventureGrandSlam.Eachmountainandpolarexpeditionwasverydifferent—withtheexceptionofonething:thecold.

OfalltheremoteplacesIhavebeen,Antarctica—landofthefrozentundra—isperhapsmyfavorite.Italsohappenstobethecoldestplaceonearth.Thecontinentisapproximately98percenticeand2percentrock.Temperaturesinthewinterhavereached128-below.Ihavebeentheretwice;oncetoclimbtheVinsonMassifandoncetoskisix-hundredmilesfromtheedgeofthewesternAntarcticiceshelfallthewaytotheSouthPole.“Whywouldyouwanttosufferlikethat”isaquestionIgetallthetime.Andsure,therearetimeswhenyouarefeelinglikeyouwanttotakeabreakfromthefrigidconditionsandgoinsidethelodgeandgetacupofhotcocoa...butyoucan’t.ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica.There’sjustyou,your1501bsledwhichisharnessedtoyourwaist(containingallofyourgearandsupplies),yourteammates(unlessyouareonasolotrip—nothanks)andthecold.Soyoumakepeacewiththesub-zerotemperatures,becauseyou’regoingtobeinthemforthebetterpartoftwomonths.

Sothinkingbackonmyexperienceshere’swhyyoushouldbeokaywithacoupleofdaysofpolarvortex—because1)youcangoinside,and2)becauseitmakesyousmarter—oratleastsmarterthanthewarmweatherdoes.Yep.Goodnewsforthoseincitiesaffectedbythevortex:coldweathercanactuallybereallygoodforyou.Notjustbecauseyouburnmorefatwhenit’scold,butbecauseyourbrainworksbetterwhenit’scold.AccordingtoanarticlebyAdrianWardthatappearedinScientificAmerican,ittakesmoreenergytocoolyourbodywhenit’shotthanitdoestowarmitupwhenyou’recold.Theenergycomesfromglucose...whichisalsonecessaryforthebrain’smentalprocesses.Sobasically,coolingoffwhenitishotusesmoreglucosethanwarmingupwhenit’scold;thusleavinglessavailableglucoseforthebrain.Therefore,wecanassumethatcoldweatherisbetterforthebrain.Quick—everyonegotaketheMENSAtestbeforethetemperaturewarmsupagain!

1.Whatdothemountainstheauthorhasclimbedhaveincommon?

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutAntarctica?

3.WhatisnotavailableinthemiddleofAntarctica?

4.Whyiscoldweatherbetterforthebrain?

5.WecanlearnfromthetestthattheMENSAtestisakindof_____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheyarealllocatedintheNorthPole.

B.TheyarealllocatedintheSouthPole.

C.Theyhavethesameelevations.

D.Theyareallveryfrigid.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisabout98%waterand2%ice.

B.Thetemperaturestherecanreach128degreecentigrade.

C.Itisthesecondcoldestplaceonearth.

D.ThereisamountaincalledVinsonMassif.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Skilodge.

B.Sled.

C.Supplies.

D.Camera.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseyoucanburnmorefatwhenitiscold.

B.Becauseyoucangoinsideskilodgesandtakeabreakwhenitiscold.

C.Becauseyoucanleavemoreglucoseforthebrainwhenitiscold.

D.Becausetheenergyyouneedforthebraincomesfromice.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.psychiatrictest

B.intelligencetest

C.personalitytest

D.admissiontest

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第一段最后一句話Eachmountainandpolarexpeditionwasverydifferent—withtheexceptionofonething:thecold.“每一個(gè)山脈和極地探險(xiǎn)都非常不同——除了一件事：寒冷”從這里可以知道答案選D選項(xiàng)“他們都非常寒冷”；A選項(xiàng)“它們都位于北極”，定位到第一段第三句話…h(huán)aveskiedtoboththeNorthandSouthPoles…“……曾經(jīng)南極和北極都滑過(guò)……”，從這里可知A屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“它們都位于南極”，見(jiàn)A選項(xiàng)，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“他們有相同的海拔高度”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第二段第五句話…h(huán)avebeentheretwice;oncetoclimbtheVinsonMassif“……到過(guò)這兩次；有一次去爬文森山”，從這里可知D選項(xiàng)“那有一座山叫文森山”正確；

A選項(xiàng)“大約98%是水，2%是冰”，定位到第二段第三句話Thecontinentisapproximately98percenticeand2percentrock.“這塊大陸大約98%是冰，2%是巖石”，從這里可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“那里的溫度可以達(dá)到128攝氏度”，定位到第二段第四句話Temperaturesinthewinterhavereached128-below.“冬天的氣溫已經(jīng)達(dá)到零下128度”從關(guān)鍵詞below可知B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“它是地球上第二冷的地方”，第二段第二句話Italsohappenstobethecoldestplaceonearth.“它也是地球上最冷的地方”，從這里可知C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第二段倒數(shù)第三句ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica.“南極洲中部沒(méi)有滑雪旅館”，從這里可知答案選A“滑雪旅館”；

B選項(xiàng)“雪橇”，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句話There’sjustyou,your1501bsledwhichisharnessedtoyourwaist(containingallofyourgearandsupplies),yourteammates…andthecold.“只有你，腰間系著1501b雪橇(包括你所有的裝備和補(bǔ)給)，你的隊(duì)友，還有寒冷”，從這里可知B選項(xiàng)不符合題意，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“補(bǔ)給”，見(jiàn)B選項(xiàng)，這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“照相機(jī)”文章沒(méi)有提及屬于無(wú)中生有。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第三句Sobasically,coolingoffwhenitishotusesmoreglucosethanwarmingupwhenit’scold;thusleavinglessavailableglucoseforthebrain.“所以基本上，在熱的時(shí)候降溫比在冷的時(shí)候升溫需要更多的葡萄糖；這樣就減少了大腦可用的葡萄糖”，從這里可知答案選C“因?yàn)槔涞臅r(shí)候你可以給大腦留下更多的葡萄糖”；

A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樘鞖饫涞臅r(shí)候可以燃燒更多的脂肪”，定位到最后一段第四句話Notjustbecauseyouburnmorefatwhenit’scold,butbecauseyourbrainworksbetterwhenit’scold.“這不僅是因?yàn)槟阍诶涞臅r(shí)候燃燒了更多的脂肪，還因?yàn)槟愕拇竽X在冷的時(shí)候工作得更好”，從這里可知這不是大腦在冷環(huán)境中運(yùn)行的更好的原因，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤；

B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樘鞖饫涞臅r(shí)候你可以去滑雪小屋休息一下”，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第三句ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica“南極洲中部沒(méi)有滑雪旅館”，這不是大腦在冷環(huán)境中運(yùn)行的更好的原因，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤；

D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槟愦竽X所需的能量來(lái)自冰”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.推理判斷題，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句Therefore,wecanassumethatcoldweatherisbetterforthebrain.“因此，我們可以假設(shè)寒冷的天氣對(duì)大腦更好”，這里說(shuō)完冷的環(huán)境對(duì)大腦運(yùn)行有利就趕緊督促別人去考MENS，就說(shuō)明這考試與大腦也就是智力有關(guān)，所以答案選B“智力測(cè)試”；

A選項(xiàng)“心理測(cè)試”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“性格測(cè)試”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“入學(xué)考試”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

12.單選題

Andyet,despitethesepowerful_______togrowth,therecessionprovedsurprisinglymild.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.counterforce

B.stimulants

C.concomitants

D.manipulation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)counterforce“反作用力”；B選項(xiàng)stimulants“興奮劑”；C選項(xiàng)concomitants“相伴的事物”；D選項(xiàng)manipulation“操縱；處理”。句意：然而，盡管這些強(qiáng)大的_______在增長(zhǎng)，但經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退卻出乎意料地輕微。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，counterforce“反作用力”搭配growth“增長(zhǎng)”比較合理，也符合題意反作用力和經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退輕微的反差。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Inourcountry,millionsofordinarymenandwomenareworkingto（）povertyandbackwardness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.figureout

B.wipeout

C.carryout

D.takeout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)figureout“理解，算出”；B選項(xiàng)wipeout“消滅，消除”；C選項(xiàng)carryout“實(shí)行”；D選項(xiàng)takeout“拿走，去掉”。句意：在我們偉大的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家里，千百萬(wàn)普通男女正在為消除貧窮落后而無(wú)私地工作著。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.翻譯題

Duringlesseconomicallysophisticatedtimesinthepast,nationstendedtoraiseprotectivebarriersduringperiodsofeconomicdownturntopreservedomesticemploymentandthusdomesticeconomies.Intoday’sglobaleconomy,itisnotsoeasytosaythatprotectionismnecessarilypreservesanation’seconomywhenthefirmsoperatinginthateconomyareintertwinedwithoperationsandmarketsinmanyothernations.Rememberthatthegoalsindesigninganysystemareoptimizingtheoutputofthesystem,ratherthanoptimizinganysubcomponentofthatsystem.Infact,experiencehasshownthatafocusonoptimizinganysingleaspectofaglobalmanufacturingenterpriseusuallyleadstoasub-optimalsystemperformance.

【答案】

在過(guò)去經(jīng)濟(jì)不太發(fā)達(dá)的時(shí)期，各國(guó)往往會(huì)在經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷時(shí)期建立保護(hù)性壁壘，來(lái)保護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)的就業(yè)，進(jìn)而保護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)。在如今的經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化中，當(dāng)這種經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下運(yùn)作的公司與其他國(guó)家的公司和市場(chǎng)交織在一起，很難說(shuō)保護(hù)主義一定能夠保護(hù)這個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)。記住，設(shè)計(jì)任何系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)都是為了優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)的輸出，而不是優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的組件。事實(shí)上，經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，專注于優(yōu)化全球制造企業(yè)的任何一個(gè)方面通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)性能的次優(yōu)。

15.單選題

ThereismuchIenjoyaboutthechangingseasons,butmyfavoritetimeisthe（）fromfalltowinter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmission

B.transformation

C.transition

D.transfer

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：我很喜歡季節(jié)變更，但是我最喜歡的時(shí)間是秋冬的。transmission傳遞；transformation變形，轉(zhuǎn)化；transition轉(zhuǎn)變，過(guò)渡時(shí)期；transfer遷移、傳遞。因此，C項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.單選題

Hethinksaboutnothingbutplayingchess.He’scompletely______toit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.addicted

B.ascribed

C.tempted

D.overcome

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.addicted沉溺于，入迷，上癮B.ascribed歸于，歸咎于

C.tempted引誘，吸引D.overcome戰(zhàn)勝，克服

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由關(guān)鍵信息“Hethinksaboutnothingbutplayingchess（他只想著下棋）”可知，他對(duì)下棋入了迷，除了這件事無(wú)心去做其他。因此，只有A選項(xiàng)詞義最符合句意。且固定搭配“beaddictedto”表示“對(duì)……上癮，沉溺于”。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)beascribedto（歸結(jié)于）、C項(xiàng)betemptedto（受誘惑做某事）和D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】他只想著下棋。他完全上癮了。

17.單選題

Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed“obvious”bothtothegeneralpublicandtosociologiststhatmodernsocietyhaschangedpeople'snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinandneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.However,inrecentyearsagrowingbodyofresearchhasrevealedthatthe“obvious”isnottrue.Itseemsthatifyouareacityresident,youtypicallyknowasmallerproportionofyourneighborsthanyoudoifyouarearesidentofasmallercommunity.But,forthemostpart,thisfacthasfewsignificantconsequences.Itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatifyouknowfewofyourneighborsyouwillknownooneelse.

Eveninverylargecities,peoplemaintainclosesocialtieswithinsmall,privatesocialworlds.Indeed,thenumberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.Small-townresidentsaremoreinvolvedwithkinthanarebig-cityresidents.Yetcitydwellerscompensatebydevelopingfriendshipswithpeoplewhosharesimilarinterestsandactivities.Urbanismmayproduceadifferentstyleoflife,butthequalityoflifedoesnotdifferbetweentownandcity.Norareresidentsoflargecommunitiesanylikeliertodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstressoralienation,afeelingofnotbelonging,thanareresidentsofsmallercommunities.However,citydwellersdoworrymoreaboutcrime,andthisleadsthemtoadistrustofstrangers.

Thesefindingsdonotimplythaturbanismmakeslittleornodifference.Ifneighborsarcstrangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.Moreover,asWirthsuggested,theremaybealinkbetweenacommunity’spopulationsizeanditssocialheterogeneity.Forinstance,sociologistshavefoundmuchevidencethatthesizeofacommunityisassociatedwithbadbehaviorincludinggambling,drugs,etc.Large-cityurbanitesarealsomorelikelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitanoutlook,todisplaylessresponsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,andtobetolerantofnontraditionalreligiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups,andso-calledundesirables.Everythingconsidered,heterogeneityandunusualbehaviorseemtobeoutcomesoflargepopulationsize.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraph?

2.Accordingtothepassage,itwasonceacommonbeliefthaturbanresidents（

）.

3.Oneoftheconsequencesofurbanlifeisthatimpersonalrelationshipsamongneighbors（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthebiggeracommunityis（

）.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Twocontrastingviewsarepresented.

B.Anargumentisexaminedandpossiblesolutionsgiven

C.Researchresultsconcerningthequalityofurbanlifearepresentedinorderoftime.

D.Adetaileddescriptionofthedifferencebetweenurbanandsmall-townlifeisgiven

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.didnothavethesameinterestsastheirneighbors

B.couldnotdeveloplong-standingrelationships

C.tendedtobeassociatedwithbadbehavior

D.usuallyhadmorefriends

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.disruptpeoplednaturalrelations

B.makethemworryaboutcrime

C.causethemnottoshowconcernforoneanother

D.causethemtobesuspiciousofeachother

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebetteritsqualityoflife

B.themoresimilaritsinterests

C.themoretolerantandopen-mindeditis

D.thelikelieritistodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstress

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Similaritiesintheinterpersonalrelationshipsbetweenurbanitesandsmall-towndwellers

B.Advantagesoflivinginbigcitiesascomparedwithlivinginsmalltowns.

C.Thepositiverolethaturbanismplaysinmodemlife.

D.Thestrongfeelingofalienationofcityinhabitants.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘下列哪個(gè)陳述最能描述第一段的結(jié)構(gòu)?’。文章在第一段的第一句指出了幾十年前存在的一個(gè)看起來(lái)非常“明顯的”事實(shí)。下一句用However一詞表示內(nèi)容發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折。表示近年來(lái)的研究表明這一曾經(jīng)看起來(lái)非?！黠@的’事實(shí)其實(shí)是假的?！痹谶@之后便就近年來(lái)的研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。所以A選項(xiàng)‘提出了兩種截然不同的觀點(diǎn)?！_。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)‘根據(jù)這篇文章，城市居民…曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)普遍的信念’。根據(jù)文章第一段中第一句“modemsocietyhaschangedpeople'snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinandneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.現(xiàn)代社會(huì)改變了人們的自然關(guān)系，放松了人們對(duì)親屬和鄰居的責(zé)任，取代了他們與泛泛之交的膚淺關(guān)系。”確定B選項(xiàng)‘不能發(fā)展長(zhǎng)期的關(guān)系’正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)‘城市生活的后果之一就是鄰里之間缺乏人情味的關(guān)系…’。根據(jù)文章第三段中第二句“Ifneighborsarestrangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.如果鄰居彼此都是陌生人，他們就不太可能去掃住在隔壁的老夫婦的人行道，也不太可能留意年輕的搗亂分子?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)‘讓他們不關(guān)心彼此’正確

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘從文章中可以推斷，一個(gè)社區(qū)越大…’。根據(jù)文章最后一段中第五句“Large-cityurbanitesarealsomorelikelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitanoutlook,todisplaylessresponsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,andtobetolerantofnontraditionalreligiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups,andso-calledundesirables.大城市的都市人也比小城鎮(zhèn)的都市人更有可能擁有國(guó)際化的視野，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的親屬角色表現(xiàn)出較少的責(zé)任感，投票給左派政治候選人，并對(duì)非傳統(tǒng)宗教團(tuán)體、不受歡迎的政治團(tuán)體和所謂的不受歡迎的人持寬容態(tài)度?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)‘越寬容，越豁達(dá)’正確

5.主旨大意題。題干詢問(wèn)‘這篇文章主要講的是什么?’。文章在第一段的第一句指出了幾十年前存在的一個(gè)看起來(lái)非?！懊黠@的”事實(shí)。后面馬上轉(zhuǎn)折表示近年來(lái)的研究表明這一曾經(jīng)看起來(lái)非?！黠@的’事實(shí)其實(shí)是假的。之后對(duì)比了大城市與小城鎮(zhèn)中的人際關(guān)系，重點(diǎn)在于指出大城市與小城鎮(zhèn)居民人際關(guān)系的相同之處。并且第二段第二句明確表示“Indeed,thenumberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.事實(shí)上，有意義的人際關(guān)系的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量并沒(méi)有因城市人口的增多而有所不同。’’所以A選項(xiàng)‘城市居民和小城鎮(zhèn)居民之間人際關(guān)系的相似性’正確。

18.單選題

Theencouragingfactoristhatthe（

）majorityofpeoplefindtheideaofchangeacceptable.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.numerous

B.vast

C.most

D.massive

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。thevastmajorityof指“絕大部分，絕大多數(shù)”。選項(xiàng)B正確。

19.單選題

GoingGreenAfterGray

VisantoMelina,R.D.,gotthesurpriseofhercareerlastyear,whentheSeattle-basedvegetariannutritionistwasaskedtogiveaseminaronvegetarianismataseniorcitizencenter."Ithoughtthere'dbefourorfivepeople."shesays.Instead,theroomwaspackedwithseniorswhohadpaida$5feetohearheradvice.Andtheirinterestinbetterhealthwasn'tonlykeen;itwasinformed."They'veobviouslybeenpayingattentiontonewresearch,"shesays.

IfMelinastudieddemographictrendsforaliving,sheprobablywouldn'thavebeensosurprised.Trendwatchershaveverifiedanintriguingnewphenomenon.Olderpeopleareturningtoavegetariandietinever-increasingnumbers.Notsurprisingly,demographicsaredrivingthedrift.