考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京大學(xué)金陵學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京大學(xué)金陵學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Inthefuturethelittleprivacywenowhavewillbegone.Somepeoplecallthislossofprivacy’’Orwellian"，harkingbackto1984.GeorgeOrwell’sclassicworkonprivacyandautonomy.Inthatbook,Orwellimaginedafutureinwhichatotalitarianstateusedspies,videosurveillance,andcontroloverthemediatomaintainitspower.Buttheageofmonolithicstatecontrolisover.Thefuturewe'rerushingtowardisn'toneinwhichoureverymoveiswatchedandrecordedbyanall-knowngovernment.Itisinsteadafutureofahundredelectronicmonitorswhoconstantlywatchandinterruptourdailylives,andwherethreatstoprivacyfindtheirrootsinthefreemarket,advancedtechnology,andtheunbridledexchangeofelectronicinformation.

Theproblemwiththeword"privacy"’isthatitfallsshortofconveyingthereallybigpicture.Privacyisn'tjustabouthidingthings.It’saboutself-possession,autonomy,andintegrity.Aswemoveintothecomputerizedworldofthe21century,privacywillbeoneofourmostimportantcivilrights.Butthisrightofprivacyisn'ttherightofpeopletoclosetheirdoorsandpulldowntheirwindowshades-perhapsbecausetheywanttoengageinsomesortofillicitorillegalactivity.It’stherightofpeopletocontrolwhichdetailsabouttheirlivesstayinsidetheirownhousesandwhichleaktotheoutside.

Today'swaronprivacyisintimatelyrelatedtotherecentdramaticadvancesintechnology.Manypeopletodaysaythatinordertoenjoythebenefitsofmodemsociety,wemustnecessarilyrelinquishsomedegreeofprivacy.Ifwewanttheconvenienceofpayingforamealbycreditcard,thenwemustaccepttheroutinecollectionofourpurchasesinalargedatabaseoverwhichwehavenocontrol.

Thistrade-offisbothunnecessaryandwrong.Itremindsmeofanothercrisisoursocietyfacedbackinthefiftiesandsixties-theenvironmentalcrisis.Then,advocatesofbigbusinesssaidthatpoisonedriversandlakeswerethenecessarycostsofeconomicdevelopment,jobs,andanimprovedstandardofliving.Poisonwasprogress:anybodywhoarguedotherwisesimplydidn’tunderstandthefacts.

Todayweknowbetter.Todayweknowthatsustainableeconomicdevelopmentdependsonpreservingtheenvironment.Similarly,inordertoreapthebenefitsoftechnology.Itismoreimportantthaneverforustousetechnologytoprotectpersonalfreedom.

1.Thepassageindicatesthatprivacyis（

）.

2.Inline18,theunderlined”degree”mostnearlymeans

（

）.

3.Lines18-20("Ifwecontrol”)primarilyserveto

（

）.

4.Thestatementsinlines24-25(’’poison"facts”)isintendedtorepresentthepointofviewof

（

）.

5.Thepassageconcludesbysuggestingthatiftechnologyistohaveapositiveeffectonpeople’slives,then

（

）.

6.Theauthorsupportstheideathatprivacycanbeprotected（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lessvaluedbypeoplethanitoncewas

B.difficulttomaintaininthecontemporaryworld

C.necessaryforindividualfreedom

D.astumblingblocktoeconomicgrowth

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.stage

B.sequence

C.measure

D.standing

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.introduceanadditionalpoint

B.discourageacourseofaction

C.questionadecision

D.illustrateaprecedingstatement

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.bigbusiness

B.environment

C.theauthor

D.thepublic

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.individualrightsmustbeexpanded

B.protectivemeasuresmustbetaken

C.technologicaladvancesmustbesupported

D.furtherresearchmustbefound

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.atamodestcosttomostbusiness

B.withthehelpofnewtechnologies

C.withoutgivingupvaluedservices

D.throughappropriategovernmentinterventions

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

【解析】1.文章第一句提到在未來(lái)，我們現(xiàn)在擁有的隱私都會(huì)消失（Inthefuturethelittleprivacywenowhavewillbegone.），未來(lái)將會(huì)有100臺(tái)電子監(jiān)視器不斷監(jiān)視和干擾我們的日常生活，對(duì)隱私的威脅根源于自由市場(chǎng)、先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)和電子信息交流（Itisinsteadafutureofahundredelectronicmonitorswhoconstantlywatchandinterruptourdailylives,andwherethreatstoprivacyfindtheirrootsinthefreemarket,advancedtechnology,andtheunbridledexchangeofelectronicinformation）。選項(xiàng)B“隱私在當(dāng)代世界很難維持”符合題意。

2.題干中的單詞出現(xiàn)在文章第三段第二句話Manypeopletodaysaythatinordertoenjoythebenefitsofmodemsociety,wemustnecessarilyrelinquishsomedegreeofprivacy（今天很多人說(shuō)，為了享受現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的好處，我們必須放棄一定……隱私），由some這個(gè)詞可以推測(cè)這里指的是“一定程度上的隱私”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意，表示“程度；測(cè)量”。

3.文章第三段最后一句話Ifwewanttheconvenienceofpayingforamealbycreditcard,thenwemustaccepttheroutinecollectionofourpurchasesinalargedatabaseoverwhichwehavenocontrol提到如果我們想要用信用卡支付餐費(fèi)的方便，那么我們必須在一個(gè)我們無(wú)法控制的大型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中接受日常的采購(gòu)收集。這個(gè)具體的例子是為了說(shuō)明前文提到的“為了享受一些權(quán)益，我們必須放棄一定程度上的隱私”（Manypeopletodaysaythatinordertoenjoythebenefitsofmodemsociety,wemustnecessarilyrelinquishsomedegreeofprivacy）。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句話提到大企業(yè)的擁護(hù)者認(rèn)為有毒的河流和湖泊是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)必須的代價(jià)。毒藥就是進(jìn)步：那些反對(duì)的人是不了解這個(gè)事實(shí)（Then,advocatesofbigbusinesssaidthatpoisonedriversandlakeswerethenecessarycostsofeconomicdevelopment,jobs,andanimprovedstandardofliving.Poisonwasprogress:anybodywhoarguedotherwisesimplydidn’tunderstandthefact）。所以可以知道關(guān)于“毒藥”這些觀點(diǎn)是一些大企業(yè)的觀點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.文章最后一段提到可持續(xù)的發(fā)展取決于保護(hù)環(huán)境。為了從技術(shù)那獲得好處，利用技術(shù)來(lái)保護(hù)個(gè)人自由比以往任何時(shí)候更重要，因此，選項(xiàng)C“先進(jìn)的技術(shù)必須得到支持”符合題意。

6.文章中提到今天的隱私戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是由科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展引起的，也提到可以通過(guò)利用一些技術(shù)來(lái)保護(hù)隱私，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.翻譯題

研究人員稱，遠(yuǎn)程辦公等彈性工作模式有益于身體健康。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果人們有條件在家工作，壓縮工作周的時(shí)間，那他們就可以選擇更為健康的生活方式，鍛煉身體的機(jī)會(huì)增多，睡眠也會(huì)更好。

可能彈性工作模式讓人們能有更充裕的時(shí)間來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)健康的生活方式，或者是它讓人們能更好的安排自己的時(shí)間。彈性工作制最初是為了幫助人們（尤其是女性）同時(shí)兼顧工作和家庭，但有關(guān)證據(jù)表明這顯然不僅僅是女性的問(wèn)題。

研究人員對(duì)一家大型醫(yī)藥公司職員的“健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估”進(jìn)行了分析，職員涉及倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)，生產(chǎn)和管理等多個(gè)不同的崗位。

一名研究人員說(shuō)：“這不僅僅針對(duì)管理層，而是涉及到公司各個(gè)崗位的員工。”他說(shuō)，該研究能讓衛(wèi)生部門和相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)識(shí)到，給員工更多的自由其實(shí)能帶來(lái)很多益處。但他也說(shuō)，要評(píng)估彈性工作制的長(zhǎng)期益處還需要開展進(jìn)一步研究。

【答案】Aflexibleworklifesuchastelecommutingisgoodforourhealth,researcherssaid.Theyfoundthatifpeoplehavetheabilitytoworkathomeandtocompressworkweeks,theyaremorelikelytomakehealthierlifestylechoices,toexercisemoreandtosleepbetter.

Perhapsitgivespeoplethetimetofitinhealthierlifestyleintotheireverydayregimenormaybeitjustenablespeopletobettermanagetheirtime.Whiletheprimarypurposebehindtheflexibilitymovementwastohelppeople,especiallywomen,combineworkandfamily,evidencesuggeststhisisclearlynotonlyawomen'sissue.

TheresearchersanalyzeHealthRiskAppraisalsfromemployeesinjobsrangingfromwarehouseandproductionworkerstoexecutivesatalargemultinationalpharmaceuticalcompany.

"It'snotjustaboutmanagement,"saysoneresearcher."It'saboutpeopleineverypositioninthecompany."Hesaidthestudycouldhelphealthdepartmentsandagenciesrealizethatgivingworkersmorefreedomcouldhavemanybenefits.But,headded,furtherresearchwasneededtoassessthelong-termbenefits.

3.單選題

Awell-writtencomposition______goodchoiceofwordsandclearorganizationamongotherthings.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.callson

B.callsfor

C.callsup

D.callsoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)callon“訪問(wèn)，拜訪；號(hào)召，請(qǐng)求”；B選項(xiàng)callfor“要求；需要；提倡；邀請(qǐng)；為……叫喊；前往接某人”；C選項(xiàng)callup“打電話給；使想起；提出”；D選項(xiàng)calloff“取消；叫走；放棄；宣告終止”。句意：一篇寫得好的作文，除其他外，還要求選詞得當(dāng)，條理清晰。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Manyreportedthatthegeneralmilitarymessagetheyreceivedwasthat,asnurses,theywereex-pectedtobe（）strong.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.empirically

B.eminently

C.emulously

D.emotionally

【答案】D

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：許多人聲稱，他們收到的一般軍事信息是，作為護(hù)士，他們應(yīng)該在堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。empirically憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)地，經(jīng)驗(yàn)為主地；eminently突出地，顯著地；emulously好勝地，

競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性地；emotionally感情上，心理上。因此，D項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

InAmerica’sfiercelyadversariallegalsystem,agoodlawyerisessential.AskO.J.Simpson.Inalandmarkcase35yearsago,Gideonv.Wainwright,aunanimousSupremeCourtruledthatindigentdefendantsmustbeprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpensebecausetherecouldbenofairtrialinaseriouscriminalcasewithoutone.“Thisseemstoustobeanobvioustruth,”wroteJusticeHugoBlackinhisopinion.Atthetime,thedecisionwashailedasatriumphforjustice,anexampleofAmerica’scommitmenttotheidealofequalitybeforethelaw.

ThisistheimagemostAmericansstillhaveoftheircriminal-justicesystem—thefairestintheworld,inwhichanydefendant,nomatterhow,getsasmartlawyerwho,toooften,managestogettheculpritoffonatechnicality.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.About80%ofpeopleaccusedofafelonyhavetodependonapublicly-providedlawyer;butoverthepasttwodecadestheeagernessofpoliticianstolookharshoncrime,theirreluctancetopayforpublicdefenders,andaseriesofSupremeCourtjudgmentsrestrictingthegroundsforappealhavemadeamockeryofGideon.Todaymanyindigentdefendants,includingthosefacinglongtermsofimprisonmentorevendeath,aretreatedtoa“meet’emandplead’em”defense—abriefconsultationinwhichaharriedorincompetentlawyerencouragesthemtopleadguiltyor,ifthatfails,strugglethroughashorttrialinwhichthedefenseismassivelyoutgunnedbyamoreexperienced,better-paidandbetter-preparedprosecutor.

“Wehaveawealth-basedsystemofjustice,”saysStephenBright,thedirectoroftheSouthernCenterforHumanRight.“Forthewealthy,it’sgold-plated.Fortheaveragepoorperson,it’slikebeingherdedtotheslaughterhouse.Inmanyplacestheadversarialsystembarelyexistsforthepoor.”

Manylawyers,ofcourse,havemadeheroiceffortsforparticulardefendantsforlittleornopay,butthecharityoflawyerscanbereliedontohandleonlyatinyfractionofcases.Asspendingonpolice,prosecutorsandprisonshassteadilyclimbedinthepastdecade,increasingthenumberofpeoplechargedandimprisoned,spendingonindigentdefensehasnotkeptpace,overwhelminganalreadyhard-pressedsystem.

1.Theword“indigent”mostprobablymeans（）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatO.J.Simpsonwasprobably（）.

3.Whatistheauthor’sviewofAmerica’sadversariallegalsystem?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wealthy

B.criminal

C.poverty-stricken

D.innocent

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.apersonwhowasfoundnotguiltybecausehehiredaverygoodlawyer

B.apersonwhowonhiscasebecausehewasprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpense

C.Apersonwhowasdeniedalawyerandthuslosthiscaseinthecourt

D.abrilliantlawyerwhowonnumerouscasesfortheaveragepoorpeople

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itistheembodimentoftheidealofequalitybeforethelaw.

B.Itisthefairestcriminal-justicesystemintheworld.

C.Asitis,itbenefitstherichbutworksagainstthepoor.

D.Itisunfairbynatureandshouldbeoverhauled.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Lawyerswhoprovidedefenseforthepooroftenworkheroicallyforlittleornopayatall.

B.Ascrimerateincreases,Americanpoliticianshavebecomemoretoleranttowardscrimethanbefore.

C.InAmerica,ifapersonrefusestoacceptthejudgmentofalowercourt,hecanalwaysappealtotheSupremeCourt.

D.Government-providedlawyerstendtogothroughtheformalitiesofdefenseandprovetobenomatchfortheprosecutors

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Theword“indigent”mostprobablymeans______.1.“indigent”這個(gè)詞最有可能的意思是______。

A.wealthyA.富有的

B.criminalB.犯罪的

C.poverty-strickenC.一貧如洗的

D.innocentD.天真的

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞indigent定位至第一段第三句“在35年前的一個(gè)具有里程碑意義的?GideonV.Wainwright案中，最高法院一致裁定，必須為indigent的被告提供一名由國(guó)家出資的律師（indigentdefendantsmustbeprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpense）……”，從atstateexpense（國(guó)家出資）可以推測(cè)，indigent應(yīng)該是指“沒有錢的”被告，C項(xiàng)意思與之相近。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“富有的”根據(jù)解題思路可知，與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“犯罪的”和D項(xiàng)“天真的”沒有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatO.J.Simpsonwasprobably______.2.從文章中可以推斷，O.J.Simpson可能是______。

A.apersonwhowasfoundnotguiltybecausehehiredaverygoodlawyerA.一個(gè)因?yàn)楣土艘粋€(gè)很好的律師而被判無(wú)罪的人

B.apersonwhowonhiscasebecausehewasprovidedwithalawyeratstateexpenseB.一個(gè)因?yàn)閲?guó)家出錢請(qǐng)了律師而勝訴的人

C.apersonwhowasdeniedalawyerandthuslosthiscaseinthecourtC.拒絕請(qǐng)律師而在法庭上敗訴的人

D.abrilliantlawyerwhowonnumerouscasesfortheaveragepoorpeopleD.他是一位杰出的律師，為普通窮人打贏了許多官司

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段前兩句“在美國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的法律體系中，優(yōu)秀的律師是必不可少的。問(wèn)問(wèn)O.J.Simpson吧。”，從中可知，在美國(guó)法律體系中，想要打贏官司，一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的律師是必不可少的，后面的一句“問(wèn)問(wèn)O.J.Simpson吧”我們可以推測(cè)，O.J.Simpson應(yīng)該是一個(gè)請(qǐng)了一位優(yōu)秀的律師的人，他對(duì)于雇一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的律師深有體會(huì)，A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)因?yàn)楣土艘粋€(gè)很好的律師而被判無(wú)罪的人”符合題意。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)因?yàn)閲?guó)家出錢請(qǐng)了律師而勝訴的人”和D項(xiàng)“他是一位杰出的律師，為普通窮人打贏了許多官司”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，這兩項(xiàng)和原文第一句沒有關(guān)系，屬于張冠李戴；

C項(xiàng)“拒絕請(qǐng)律師而在法庭上敗訴的人”，從第一段第一句中的“優(yōu)秀律師”可以推測(cè)，O.J.Simpson不太可能敗訴，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whatistheauthor’sviewofAmerica’sadversariallegalsystem?3.作者如何看待美國(guó)的對(duì)抗性法律制度？

A.Itistheembodimentoftheidealofequalitybeforethelaw.A.它是法律面前人人平等理想的體現(xiàn)。

B.Itisthefairestcriminal-justicesystemintheworld.B.它是世界上最公平的刑事司法系統(tǒng)。

C.Asitis,itbenefitstherichbutworksagainstthepoor.C.事實(shí)上，它對(duì)富人有利，但對(duì)窮人不利。

D.Itisunfairbynatureandshouldbeoverhauled.D.這種做法本質(zhì)上是不公平的，應(yīng)該進(jìn)行徹底改革。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞adversariallegalsystem定位至文章第三段的內(nèi)容“我們有一個(gè)以財(cái)富為基礎(chǔ)的司法體系，對(duì)富人來(lái)說(shuō)，它是鍍金的。對(duì)一般窮人來(lái)說(shuō)，這就像被趕進(jìn)屠宰場(chǎng)。在許多地方，窮人幾乎不存在對(duì)抗體制?！保瑥脑摱蝺?nèi)容我們可以知道，對(duì)抗體制對(duì)于富人來(lái)說(shuō)是有用的，但是對(duì)于窮人來(lái)說(shuō)幾乎不存在，因此C項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，它對(duì)富人有利，但對(duì)窮人不利”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“它是法律面前人人平等理想的體現(xiàn)”可以定位到原文第一段最后一句“當(dāng)時(shí)（Atthetime），這一決定被譽(yù)為正義的勝利，體現(xiàn)了美國(guó)致力于法律面前人人平等的理想（thedecisionwashailedasatriumphforjustice）。”，當(dāng)時(shí)人們覺得美國(guó)的對(duì)抗性法律制度體現(xiàn)了美國(guó)致力于法律面前人人平等的理想，但結(jié)合解題思路可知，事實(shí)并非如此，對(duì)抗性法律制度對(duì)于富人是好的，對(duì)于窮人來(lái)說(shuō)就像沒有，根本體現(xiàn)不了公平，屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“它是世界上最公平的刑事司法系統(tǒng)”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這個(gè)制度根本不平等，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“這種做法本質(zhì)上是不公平的，應(yīng)該進(jìn)行徹底改革”，原文中未提到對(duì)抗性法律制度要徹底改革，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?4.下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？

A.Lawyerswhoprovidedefenseforthepooroftenworkheroicallyforlittleornopayatall.A.為窮人提供辯護(hù)的律師經(jīng)常努力地工作，但報(bào)酬很少或根本沒有。

B.Ascrimerateincreases,Americanpoliticianshavebecomemoretoleranttowardscrimethanbefore.B.隨著犯罪率的上升，美國(guó)的政客們對(duì)犯罪的容忍度比以前更高了。

C.InAmerica,ifapersonrefusestoacceptthejudgmentofalowercourt,hecanalwaysappealtotheSupremeCourt.C.在美國(guó)，如果一個(gè)人拒絕接受下級(jí)法院的判決，他總是可以向最高法院上訴。

D.Government-providedlawyerstendtogothroughtheformalitiesofdefenseandprovetobenomatchfortheprosecutors.D.政府提供的律師往往會(huì)完成辯護(hù)的流程，并且無(wú)法與檢察官對(duì)抗。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“今天，許多貧窮的被告，包括那些面臨長(zhǎng)期監(jiān)禁甚至死刑的人，都要接受‘與他們見面并為他們辯護(hù)’的流程，在簡(jiǎn)短的咨詢中，一個(gè)忙碌或不稱職的律師鼓勵(lì)他們認(rèn)罪，如果失敗，律師就在短時(shí)間的審判中掙扎，然后被一個(gè)更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)、薪水更高、準(zhǔn)備更充分的檢察官勝訴?！?，從中可知，政府提供的律師往往都是走一個(gè)流程，他們會(huì)鼓勵(lì)被告認(rèn)罪，如果被告不認(rèn)罪，他們也無(wú)法在申訴中贏過(guò)準(zhǔn)備更充分的檢察官，D項(xiàng)“政府提供的律師往往會(huì)完成辯護(hù)的流程，并且無(wú)法與檢察官對(duì)抗”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“為窮人提供辯護(hù)的律師經(jīng)常努力地工作，但報(bào)酬很少或根本沒有”，根據(jù)最后一段第一句“當(dāng)然，許多律師為一些特定的被告（particulardefendants）付出了巨大的努力，但報(bào)酬很少或沒有報(bào)酬”可知，A項(xiàng)中的thepoor（窮人）與原文中的particulardefendants（特定的被告）不符，屬于曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“隨著犯罪率的上升，美國(guó)的政客們對(duì)犯罪的容忍度比以前更高了”，根據(jù)第二段中的第二句“……在過(guò)去的二十年里，政客們急于嚴(yán)厲打擊犯罪（butoverthepasttwodecadestheeagernessofpoliticianstolookharshoncrime）……”，可知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)，如果一個(gè)人拒絕接受下級(jí)法院的判決，他總是可以向最高法院上訴”中的lowercourt（下級(jí)法院）沒有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

6.單選題

Thegovernmenthasdevotedalargersliceofitsnational（）toagriculturethanmostothercountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resources

B.potential

C.budget

D.economy

【答案】C

【解析】句意:相比大多數(shù)其它國(guó)家，這個(gè)政府將其較大部分的預(yù)算用于農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展。

考查名詞辨析。resources資源，財(cái)力，才智;potential潛能，可能性，電勢(shì)；budget預(yù)算，預(yù)算費(fèi)；economy經(jīng)濟(jì)，節(jié)約。因此C符合。

7.單選題

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationlivesinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous--—coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.D.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon'tevensayhellotoeachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutofffromtheexcitingandimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities.There’slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.

What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff;thecitybreedsafeelingofisolation,andconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecentreofthings,andthatlifedoesn’tcometoanendathalf-pastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe“quietlife”byleavingthesuburbsandmovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind—theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegateandmurmuring“morning”tothelocalsastheypassby.I’mkeenontheidea,butyouseethere’smycat,Toby.I’mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithallthoseheartymalesdownthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.

1.Wegettheimpressionfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor.

2.Intheauthor’sopinion,thefollowingmaycausecitypeopletobeunhappy

EXCEPT.

3.ThepassageimpliesthatitiseasytobuythefollowingthingsinthecountryEXCEPT_______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesthosepeoplewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinvillages?

5.Doyouthinktheauthorwillmovetothecountry?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.usedtoliveinthecountry

B.usedtoworkinthecity

C.livesinthecountry

D.worksinthecity

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.lackofcommunication

B.astrongsenseoffear

C.housingconditions

D.asenseofisolation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.designerclothes

B.dailynecessities

C.freshfruits

D.freshvegetables

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Original

B.Hospitable

C.Arrogant

D.Insensitive

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Yes,hewilldoso

B.Itisdifficulttotell

C.No,hewillnotdoso

D.Heisintwominds

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句話Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句話Themajorityofthepopulationlivesinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal可以排除選項(xiàng)C；根據(jù)第二段第三句話可以排除選項(xiàng)A；根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句話可以排除選項(xiàng)D，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句話提到購(gòu)物成了一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題（Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown），因此在鄉(xiāng)村中很難買到時(shí)尚的衣服，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。文章第四段最后一句話提到他們把這些想法強(qiáng)加給那些不情愿的原始村民（Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind—theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages），由此可以推測(cè)出這些人是傲慢的，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。original“原來(lái)的；首創(chuàng)的”；hospitable“熱情友好的”；insensitive“未意識(shí)到的”。

5.推理判斷題。作者在最后一段提到了他的貓，以貓喻人，來(lái)說(shuō)明自己更有愿意待在城市中（No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Thebedhasbeen（）inthefamily.Itwasmygreat-grandmother’soriginally.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.handedout

B.handedover

C.handeddown

D.handedround

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)handout“分發(fā)；施舍”，B選項(xiàng)handover“移交；提交”，C選項(xiàng)handdown“宣布；把……傳下去”，D選項(xiàng)handaround“分發(fā)；傳閱”；然后我們帶入原句可以發(fā)現(xiàn)原句想表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)該是這張床是家里流傳下來(lái)的，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意為：這張床是家里傳下來(lái)的。原來(lái)是我曾祖母的。

9.單選題

Theyarewell______witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedinthesameuniversity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquainted

B.recognized

C.acknowledged

D.identified

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.acquainted熟悉；了解B.recognized辨別出；意識(shí)到

C.acknowledged承認(rèn)（屬實(shí)）D.identified確認(rèn)；認(rèn)出

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)since原因狀語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容“因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谕凰髮W(xué)學(xué)習(xí)”可推知，Theyarewell______witheachother表示的是“他們互相了解、熟悉對(duì)方”，所以空格處表示“熟悉”，而beacquaintedwith也是常見搭配，表示“與……相識(shí)；了解”，所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意；

D項(xiàng)指辨別、確定人的身份或物品的歸屬等，不符合句意。

【句意】因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谕凰髮W(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，所以彼此很熟悉。

10.單選題

Thedoctorsareverymuchworriedaboutthe（

）ofthepatient’sconditionafteroperation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deterioration

B.differentiation

C.diversion

D.donation

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)deterioration“惡化”；B選項(xiàng)differentiation“變異”；C選項(xiàng)diversion“轉(zhuǎn)移，消遣”；D選項(xiàng)donation“捐贈(zèng)”。句意：醫(yī)生們非常擔(dān)心手術(shù)后病人的病情惡化。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

11.單選題

Ifaforeignobjectbecomeslodgedintheeye,medicalhelpisnecessary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.depositedin

B.residedin

C.blurryto

D.isolatedfrom

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。lodgein意為“固定在，留在”；depositin意為“存放，存在”；residein意為“居住，存在于”；blurryto意為“模糊到”；isolatefrom意為“與……隔離”。

句意：如果有異物卡在眼睛內(nèi)，需要醫(yī)療救助。

12.單選題

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therecentfindingofachangedgeneinobesemice.

B.Abreakthroughinunderstandinggenemodification.

C.Anewlydiscoveredwayforpeopletoloseweight.

D.Theself-repairingabilityofageneinobesemice.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itrendersanorganismunabletofightdiseases.

B.Itpreventsthemice’sfattytissuesfromgrowing.

C.Ithelpsorganismsadapttoenvironmentalchanges.

D.Itrendersmiceunabletosensewhentostopeating.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Humanbeingshavemoreobesitygenesthanmostmicedo.

B.Halfofaperson’stotalweightvariationcanbecontrolled.

C.Peoplearebornwithatendencytohaveacertainweight.

D.Thefunctionoftheobesitygenesisyettobeexplored.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theworseningofnaturalenvironment.

B.Theabundantprovisionofrichfoods.

C.Theacceleratedpaceofpresent-daylife.

D.Theadverseimpactofthefoodindustry.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】PassageTwo

[12]Publicinterestwasarousedbythelatestdiscoveryofachangedgeneinobesemice.ThenewswasmadeknownbyRockefellerUniversitygeneticistJeffreyFriedman.Theresearchersbelievethisgeneinfluencesdevelopmentofahormonethattellsorganismhowfatorfullitis.[13]Thosewiththechangedgenemaynotsensewhentheyhaveeatenenoughoriftheyhavesufficientfattytissue,andthuscan’ttellwhentostopeating.

Theresearchersalsoreportedfindingagenenearlyidenticaltothemouseobesitygeneinhumans.Theoperationofthisgeneinhumanshasnotyetbeendemonstrated,however.[14]Still,professionalslikeUniversityofVermontpsychologistEstherRothblumreactedenthusiastically,“Thisresearchindicatesthatpeoplereallyarebornwithatendencytohaveacertainweight,justastheyaretohaveaparticularskincolororheight.”

Actually,behavioralgeneticistsbelievethatlessthanhalfofthetotalweightvariationisprogrammedinthegenes,whileheightisalmostentirelygeneticallydetermined.Whateverrolegenesplay,Americansaregettingfatter.AsurveybytheCenterforDiseaseControlfoundthatobesityhasincreasedgreatlyoverthelast10years.[15]Suchrapidchange