考研考博-英語-廣東建設(shè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東建設(shè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

TheartistoftheRenaissancewasanall-roundman.Fromhisstudioonecouldorderapaintingforthechurchaltar,acarvedweddingchest,asilverewer,oracrucifix.ThemasteroftheworkshopmightbesculpturingaVenusfortheduke’sgardenwhilehisapprenticeswereroughingstatuesforthenewchapel.Manyofthewell-knownpaintersofthatgoldenperiodweregoldsmiths,workersinglass,enameloriron.Theengineerwasartistandtheartistwasengineer.ThegreatLeonardo,famoustodayasthepainterofTheLastSupperandMonaLisa,wasperhapsequallywellknowninthe16thcenturyforhisengineeringprojectsandhisscientificexperiments.OurownThomasA.Edisonpronouncedhimthegreatestinventivegeniusofhistime.

1.AnimportantcenturyintheRenaissancewas（

）.

2.Whenwewanttosaythatamancoulddomanythings,wesayheis

（

）.

3.Thewordforhelperinthispassageis

（

）.

4.ThepainteroftheLastSupperwas

（

）.

5.Awordforinventiveis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetwelfth

B.theeighteenth

C.thefourteenth

D.thesixteenth

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anartist-engineer

B.apainter

C.equallywell-known

D.anall-roundman

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.master

B.worker

C.apprentice

D.goldsmith

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.MonaLisa

B.aduke

C.Leonardo

D.ThomasEdison

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.creative

B.scientific

C.engineer

D.genius

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章中提到達(dá)芬奇生活在16世紀(jì)，本段說的就是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的藝術(shù)家。因此可推斷16世紀(jì)就是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的一個(gè)重要世紀(jì)。D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.語義推斷題。文章第一句就稱文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的藝術(shù)家為“all-roundman全才”從第二句開始就描寫了一個(gè)藝術(shù)家的多重身份，由此可知，具備多方面的才能的人就是“全才”，D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推斷題。A選項(xiàng)master“主人；大師”；B選項(xiàng)worker“工人；勞動(dòng)者”；C選項(xiàng)apprentice“學(xué)徒；生手”；D選項(xiàng)goldsmith“金匠”。這四個(gè)身份中，唯一與helper“助手”相關(guān)的詞應(yīng)是C選項(xiàng)學(xué)徒，第三句說到“ThemasteroftheworkshopmightbesculpturingaVenusfortheduke’sgardenwhilehisapprenticeswereroughingstatuesforthenewchapel.作坊的大師可能正在為公爵的花園雕刻維納斯雕像，而他的學(xué)徒們則在為新教堂雕刻雕像的毛坯?！闭f明學(xué)徒們只是助手角色，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。在倒數(shù)第二句中提到“thegreatLeonardo,famoustodayasthepainterofTheLastSupperandMonaLisa”可知Leonardo是TheLastSupper的畫家。C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.語義推斷題。Incentive在文中是愛迪生用來形容Leonardo（達(dá)芬奇）的，后面的名詞是genius“天才”。A選項(xiàng)creative“創(chuàng)造性的”；B選項(xiàng)scientific“科學(xué)的”；C選項(xiàng)engineer“工程師”；D選項(xiàng)genius“天才”。C和D詞性不符合，B選項(xiàng)一般不用來形容天才，因此A選項(xiàng)正確的。incentive本義表示“發(fā)明的”。

2.單選題

Whenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itstuckwithavengeance.Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotupnearly400feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopletomigrateinland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshifteddrasticallyinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming:theglobal-warmingcrisisthatgaverisetoithappenedmorethan10,000yearsago.

AsenvironmentalistsconveneinRiodeJaneirothisweektopondertheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemidstofarevolutioninunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepastandhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears.

Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimateshiftshaveplayedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution:fromthedawnofprimates（靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物）some65millionyearsagotohumanancestorsrisinguptowalkontwolegs,fromthehugeexpansionofthehumanbraintotheriseofagriculture.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.

ThenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewforplanetEarth.Thebenign（宜人的）globalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000years—duringwhichagriculture,writing,citiesandmostotherfeaturesofcivilizationappeared—isamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidelyvaryingclimateovertheages.Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.

1.Farmingemergedasasurvivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged（）.

2.Earthscientistshavecometounderstandthatclimate（）.

3.Scientistsbelievethathumanevolution（）.

4.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat（）.

5.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.togiveuphisformerwayoflife

B.toleavethecoastalareas

C.tofollowtheever-shiftingvegetation

D.toabandonhisoriginalsettlement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.isgoingthroughafundamentalchange

B.hasbeengettingwarmerfor10,000years

C.willeventuallychangefromhottocold

D.hasgonethroughperiodicalchanges

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hasseldombeenaccompaniedbyclimaticchanges

B.hasexertedlittleinfluenceonclimaticchanges

C.haslargelybeenaffectedbyclimaticchanges

D.hadhadamajorimpactonclimaticchanges

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.humanactivitieshaveacceleratedchangesofEarth’senvironment

B.Earth’senvironmentwillremainmilddespitehumaninterference

C.Earth’sclimateisboundtochangesignificantlyinthefuture

D.Earth’sclimateisunlikelytoundergosubstantialchangesinthefuture

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.humancivilizationremainsgloriousthoughitisaffectedbyclimaticchanges

B.mankindisvirtuallyhelplessinthefaceofthedramaticchangesofclimate

C.manhastolimithisactivitiestoslowdowntheglobalwarmingprocess

D.humancivilizationwillcontinuetodevelopinspiteofthechangesofnature

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第—段指出:Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease(在迫使自己周邊的很多動(dòng)物幾乎絕滅后，人類被迫放棄舊的生活方式而選擇導(dǎo)致大范圍饑荒和疾病的全新生存策略),因此選A:放棄自己向前的生活方式。

2.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears(研究者己開始去拼湊一副有啟示性的圖片，展示了強(qiáng)大的地質(zhì)和天文力量，這些力量共同改變了地球的環(huán)境，從熱到冷，從濕到干，再到幾億年前的某個(gè)時(shí)期)。由此可知D“已經(jīng)歷階段性的變化”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit(一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，人類的歷史確實(shí)不僅受全球氣候變化的影響，且在某些情況下還受到它的推動(dòng)),由此可知C項(xiàng)“很大程度上受氣候變化的影響”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity(事實(shí)上，過去氣候變化的形式顯示，甚至在沒有人類活動(dòng)影響的情況下，地球的氣候在未來幾乎肯定地會(huì)經(jīng)歷急劇變化?！敝狢項(xiàng)“地球的氣候在將來必然會(huì)顯著地變化”正確。

5.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity(事實(shí)上，過去氣候變化的形式顯示，甚至在沒有人類活動(dòng)影響的情況下，地球的氣候在未來幾乎肯定地會(huì)經(jīng)歷急劇變化),由此可知作者想要傳遞的信息是:人類在而對(duì)氣候的巨大變化吋實(shí)際上是無助的。

3.單選題

Whateverthequestionshereallywantedtoaskatthereprocessingplant,though,hewouldneverallowhispersonalfeelingsto____withanassignment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interrupt

B.bother

C.interfere

D.intervene

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.interrupt打擾，插嘴；使中止B.bother搭話煩擾

C.interfere妨礙，干擾D.intervene阻撓或干擾（某事發(fā)生）

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】原文空格所在部分的句意為“他都不會(huì)讓自己的個(gè)人感情____工作任務(wù)”，空格后搭配的介詞為with，因此，C選項(xiàng)interfere“妨礙，干擾”滿足題意，interferewith，指阻止某事按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或發(fā)生，在本句中指“個(gè)人感情影響工作任務(wù)的正常進(jìn)行”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)interrupt(sb/sth1)withsth2，指用某事（sth2）打擾到別人說的話或正在做的事（sth1），with后面接的是造成干擾的事，不符合原句語境；

B選項(xiàng)botherwithsth，指的是花費(fèi)時(shí)間精力（做某事）；bother表達(dá)“打擾”時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，不需要使用介詞with；

D選項(xiàng)intervene“阻撓或干擾（某事發(fā)生）”且不與介詞with搭配。

【句意】然而，在再處理工廠，無論他真正想問什么問題，他都不會(huì)讓自己的個(gè)人感情妨礙工作任務(wù)。

4.單選題

Theoriginalguidelinesonlyhavesomemethodsinthem.Nowwearegoingto______exactlywhatkindoffoodisgoodfortheirhealthandwhatisbad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makeclearittothepublic

B.makeittothepublicclear

C.makeitcleartothepublic

D.makecleartothepublicitis

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：原來的指南中只有一些方法?，F(xiàn)在我們要讓公眾清楚地知道什么樣的食物對(duì)他們的健康有好處，什么是不好的。begoingto后面用動(dòng)詞原形，結(jié)合固定搭配makesth.+adj.tosth.“使A對(duì)B來說……”，確定C選項(xiàng)makeitcleartothepublic符合題意，其余用法錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

WhentheBastillefellin1789,manyobserversconcludedthatFrancehadjoinedtheUnitedStatesintheattempttobecomeanenlightenedrepublic.Eversince,eyewitnesses―andthenhistorians—havesoughttoexplainthecomplexconnectionsbetweentheserevolutions.Scholarshipfallsintotwogeneralcamps:authorswhocomparetherevolutions’trajectoriesandachievements;andthosewhoareinterestedinimpact,howeachcountryinfluencedtheother.BothapproachesarecentraltonarrativesoftheearlyUnitedStates,affectinginterpretationsofnationalism,politicallife,andtheeconomy,amongotherissues.

Forallthatweknowaboutthese'sisterrepublics,’PhilippZiesche’sCosmopolitanPatriotsandDoinaPascaHarsanyi’sLessonsfromAmericaremindushowmuchremainsunderexplored.TheseworksshednewlightontherelationshipbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStatesinthe1790s,andtheydosothroughthepurviewofmigrants.ZieschefocusesoneliteAmericanswhoweredrawntoParisforideologicalandeconomicreasons,whileHarsanyiconsidersFrenchnobleswhofoundthemselvesonthewrongsideofrevolutionandendedupintemporaryexileinPhiladelphia.Forbothhistorians,theseemigrantsofferanadvantageousperspectivebecauseoftheirdislocation.Althoughthemotivationforeachgroup’smovediffered(onewasvoluntarily,theothernot),marginalityintheirhostnationsledthemtoreflect,withkeeninsight,onwhattheUnitedStatescouldlearnfromFranceandviceversa.Theirexperiences,theauthorsargue,showushowsomeinfluentialmenmadesenseofthereverberationsofrevolutions.

PhilippZiesche’sAmericansinParisarefamiliarfaces,includingThomasJefferson,GouverneurMorris,ThomasPaine,JoelBarlow,andJamesMonroe.ForZiesche’spurposes,what’smostimportantaboutthese“patriots”istheircosmopolitanism—theirbeliefthatallmenwere‘fellowcitizensoftheworld,’unitedbyacommonsetofvaluesthatelidednational,religious,linguistic,andotherdifferences.ThisnotionencouragedthemtotraveltoParisinthe1790s,thinkingthatthey,armedwithrepublicanknow-how,couldbeusefultotheirFrenchcounterpartsinthetranslationofuniversalidealsintopractice.Buttheprojectofcreatingrepublicannationswas,toacertainextent,atoddswithcosmopolitanism,sincenations,itwasbelieved,reflectedthemoresandmannersuniquetoapopulationandplace.Zieschepointsout,however,thatindividualnationalprojectsalwayslookedelsewhereforinstruction,andtheyderivedlegitimacy,inpart,fromofficialrecognitionbyothernations.Universalismwasaninescapablecomponentofnationalism.

The‘cosmopolitanpatriots’werewellawareofthetensionbetweentheparticularandtheuniversalinthemakingofrepublicannations,andtheirwrestlingwiththisdynamicintheFrenchcontextinfluencedtheirvisionfortheUnitedStates.Eachchapterexploresanaspectofthisproblemthroughoneormoreindividuals,allthewhileprogressingchronologicallythroughthedecade.ZieschebeginswithThomasJeffersonandGouverneurMorrisandtheirimpressionsofthenewFrenchconstitutionof1789,andhethenconsidersthedivergentstancesofWilliamShortandJeffersonontheJacobinsandrevolutionaryviolence.

1.Whatmakesscholarshipfallintothetwocampsaccordingtothepassage?

2.WhatisthecommongroundbetweenthetwohistoriansofPhilippZiescheandDoinaPascaHarsanyi?

3.Theword“elided”inParagraph3refersto（）.

4.Whoarethose“cosmopolitanpatriots”accordingtothepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeaddedtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whothosecosmopolitanpatriotsare.

B.Whatthosecosmopolitanpatriotsdidtothenewrepublics.

C.TherelationshipbetweenAmericanRevolutionandFrenchRevolutionintheeighteenthcentury.

D.ThelessonsfromAmericanRevolutionandFrenchRevolution.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thesameexplanationofnationalismanduniversalism.

B.TheexplorativeexplanationoftheconnectionsbetweenrevolutionstakingplaceintheUnitedStatesandFrancefromtheperspectiveofmigrants.

C.ThecommoninterestinfindingthesamedrivebehindtheAmericannationalismandFrenchnationalism.

D.Thebeliefthatallmenareunitedbythesamesetofvalues.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.elicited

B.elevated

C.ignored

D.illustrated

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheinfluentialAmericanimmigrantsinFrance.

B.ThoseelitesinbothintheUnitedStatesandFrance.

C.EmigrantsbothfromtheUnitedStatesandFrance.

D.FrenchnoblesintheUnitedStates.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Harsanyi’sLessonsfromAmericaconsideredhowtheexperiencesofexiledFrenchmeninPhiladelphiashapedtheirhopesfortheFrenchgovernment.

B.WhatthedifferencesbetweentheUnitedStatesandFranceare.

C.WhytheUnitedStatesandFrancearebothcalledrepublic.

D.WhytheBastillefell.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Eversince,eyewitnesses―andthenhistorians—havesoughttoexplainthecomplexconnectionsbetweentheserevolutions.”，可知從那時(shí)起，一些見證者和歷史學(xué)家試圖解釋這些復(fù)雜革命之間的相互聯(lián)系。所以是法國(guó)革命和美國(guó)革命之間的相互聯(lián)系使學(xué)術(shù)界分成了兩大陣營(yíng)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“TheseworksshednewlightontherelationshipbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStatesinthe1790s,andtheydosothroughthepurviewofmigrants.”，可知他們的作品都重新闡述了18世紀(jì)90年代法國(guó)和美國(guó)的關(guān)系，并且都是通過移民的角度來闡述的。所以他們都從移民的角度對(duì)美國(guó)革命和法國(guó)革命之間的聯(lián)系進(jìn)行探索性的解釋。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“theirbeliefthatallmenwere‘fellowcitizensoftheworld,’unitedbyacommonsetofvaluesthatelidednational,religious,linguistic,andotherdifferences.”，可知他們的信仰是“所有的人都是世界上的公民”，因?yàn)橐恍┕餐膬r(jià)值觀而被統(tǒng)一起來，這些價(jià)值觀是忽略了民族、宗教、語言和其他各方面的差異的。所以應(yīng)該選出“忽略”的同義詞。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“thinkingthatthey,armedwithrepublicanknow-how,couldbeusefultotheirFrenchcounterpartsinthetranslationofuniversalidealsintopractice.”，可知他們認(rèn)為掌握了共和國(guó)的專業(yè)知識(shí)，他們對(duì)于法國(guó)同胞來說，將普世理想轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)是有幫助的。所以那些“世界性的愛國(guó)者”是在法國(guó)具有影響力的美國(guó)移民。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)，第二段中提到了Ziesche和Harsanyi兩人的作品，從兩類移民的角度而寫出，下文主要講述Ziesche作品中，美國(guó)精英根據(jù)在法國(guó)的所聞所見而對(duì)自己的國(guó)家產(chǎn)生了新的愿景“andtheirwrestlingwiththisdynamicintheFrenchcontextinfluencedtheirvisionfortheUnitedStates（第四段）”。因此可推測(cè)下文中會(huì)對(duì)Harsanyi的“從美國(guó)汲取的教訓(xùn)”這本書，從被放逐至美國(guó)的法國(guó)貴族這一角度出發(fā)寫出他們對(duì)法國(guó)的一些思考或希望。因此A選項(xiàng)符合文意。

6.單選題

Ifyoupushhardontheworld,theworldwillpushbackonyou;ifyoutouchtheworldgently,theworldwilltouchyou（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inreturn

B.inthelongrun

C.inturn

D.inplace

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A:inreturn“反過來”；B:inthelongrun“從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看”;C:inturn“依次；輪流”；D:inplace“在對(duì)的位置；適當(dāng)?shù)摹?。句意：如果你在這個(gè)世界上努力的話，世界會(huì)對(duì)你施加壓力；如果你對(duì)世界溫柔，那么世界也會(huì)同樣待你。句子前后結(jié)構(gòu)一致，可知A符合語境，為正確答案。

7.單選題

Ifithadn’tbeenforthedoctor'scare,I（）speakingtoyounow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldnotbe

B.wouldnothavebeen

C.willnotbe

D.willnothavebeen

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。從句用過去完成時(shí),主句要用wouldhavedone的形式。這里都是表否定意義,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。句意：如何沒有醫(yī)生的悉心照料,我現(xiàn)在不會(huì)站在這兒和你說話。

8.單選題

Thereis（）conflictinginformationonhowmuchironwomenneedintheirdiet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.somuch

B.somany

C.toofew

D.afew

【答案】A

【解析】information是不可數(shù)名司，只有選項(xiàng)A后面接不可數(shù)名詞。

9.單選題

Peoplearegettingabetterideaoftheneedtoprotect（

）propertyrights.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.knowledge

B.intelligence

C.intellectual

D.learning

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。intellectualproperty意為“知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)”。

句意：人們?cè)絹碓搅私獾奖Ｗo(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的必要性。

10.單選題

Hesayshehasn’tgotanymoney（）infacthe’sgotthousandsofdollarsinhisaccount.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.since

C.while

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他說他一分錢都沒拿到,

但實(shí)際上,

他的賬戶進(jìn)賬幾千美元。上下有轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,

用while更適合。

11.單選題

WhenDickbegantotellabouthissummervacation,theteacher（

）him（

）,saying"Tellusthatanothertime."

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cut...down

B.shut...out

C.cut...short

D.shut...off

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。cutdown意為“減少，砍倒”；shutout意為“把……關(guān)在門外，阻斷（念頭、情感等）”；cutshort意為“縮短，打斷”；shutoff意為“關(guān)閉，停止”。

句意：當(dāng)Dick開始講述他的暑假時(shí)，教師打斷了他，說“下次告訴我們”。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser’slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)______way.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthoris______inhisattitudetowardthecomputer.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Activeincommunication.

B.Attractiveinpersonality.

C.Enjoyableinperformance.

D.Unpredictableinbehavior.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson’slife.

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Artificialrelationships.

B.Howtoformintimaterelationships.

C.Theaffectionatemachine.

D.Humansandcomputers.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?1.下列哪項(xiàng)不是理想伴侶機(jī)器的特點(diǎn)？

A.Activeincommunication.A.積極參與交流。

B.Attractiveinpersonality.B.有吸引力的個(gè)性。

C.Enjoyableinperformance.C.令人愉快的行為。

D.Unpredictableinbehavior.D.不可預(yù)測(cè)的行為。

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】定位到第一段對(duì)理想伴侶機(jī)器的描述“理想的伴侶機(jī)器不僅看起來、感覺上和聽起來都很友好，而且通過編程使其行為舉止令人愉快（behaveinapleasantmanner）。這些特性使互動(dòng)變得舒適（makeinteractioncomfortable），但機(jī)器仍會(huì)保持略微不可預(yù)測(cè)的狀態(tài)（slightlyunpredictable），因此很有趣?！袝r(shí)會(huì)主動(dòng)發(fā)展或改變?cè)掝}，并有自己的個(gè)性（haveapersonalityofitsown）?！?，從中可知，理想伴侶機(jī)器的特點(diǎn)就是有很好的行為舉止、舒適的互動(dòng)、略微不可預(yù)測(cè)的狀態(tài)以及具有自己的個(gè)性，只有D項(xiàng)“不可預(yù)測(cè)的行為”表述與原文不符，文中提到的是slightlyunpredictable（略微不可預(yù)測(cè)的），該項(xiàng)太絕對(duì)，故該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“積極參與交流”、B項(xiàng)“有吸引力的個(gè)性”、C項(xiàng)“令人愉快的行為”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)都屬于理想伴侶機(jī)器的特點(diǎn)，反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)______way.2.計(jì)算機(jī)將以______方式與人類發(fā)展友誼。

A.quickA.快速的

B.unpredictableB.不可預(yù)測(cè)的

C.productiveC.富有成效的

D.inconspicuousD.不引人注目的

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第三句“整個(gè)過程將以一種微妙的方式（inasubtleway）完成，以避免給人一種過于熟悉的印象，以免引起憤怒”可知，計(jì)算機(jī)將以一種微妙的方式與人類發(fā)展友誼，D項(xiàng)“不引人注目的”是subtle的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，所以該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“快速的”、B項(xiàng)“不可預(yù)測(cè)的”和C項(xiàng)“富有成效的”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)都屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?3.當(dāng)文章討論人為關(guān)系的好處時(shí)，下列哪方面沒有被提及？

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.A.能夠進(jìn)行有趣的談話。

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.B.對(duì)早期接觸敏感。

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson’slife.C.準(zhǔn)備好了解一個(gè)人的生活。

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.D.性格開朗、適應(yīng)力強(qiáng)。

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息thebenefitsofartificialrelationships定位至最后一段，第二三句提到“它應(yīng)該熟悉用戶的生活，就像在早期的接觸中顯示的那樣，它應(yīng)該是善解人意的，幽默的。計(jì)算機(jī)本身將具備活潑的個(gè)性，令人印象深刻，并將根據(jù)用戶的個(gè)性發(fā)展?！笨芍?，人為的關(guān)系帶來的好處是：計(jì)算機(jī)會(huì)了解用戶的生活，善解人意且幽默，具備活潑的個(gè)性并能根據(jù)用戶的個(gè)性發(fā)展，只有B項(xiàng)“對(duì)早期接觸敏感”在原文沒有提及，所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“能夠進(jìn)行有趣的談話”、C項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)備好了解一個(gè)人的生活”和D項(xiàng)“性格開朗、適應(yīng)力強(qiáng)”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthoris______inhisattitudetowardthecomputer.4.在文章中，作者對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)的態(tài)度是______。

A.favorableA.支持的

B.criticalB.批判的

C.vagueC.模糊的

D.hesitantD.猶豫不定的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，作者介紹的都是理想伴侶機(jī)器的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和特性，根據(jù)文章最后一句“有了這些功能，這臺(tái)機(jī)器可能真的會(huì)成為一個(gè)非常有吸引力的（veryattractive）社交伙伴”可以看出，作者對(duì)于計(jì)算機(jī)的態(tài)度是非常支持的，所以A項(xiàng)“支持的”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“批判的”與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“模糊的”和D項(xiàng)“猶豫不定的”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這兩項(xiàng)曲解原文。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?5.哪一個(gè)可能是這篇文章最合適的標(biāo)題？

A.Artificialrelationships.A.人為關(guān)系。

B.Howtoformintimaterelationships.B.如何建立親密關(guān)系。

C.Theaffectionatemachine.C.有感情的機(jī)器。

D.Humansandcomputers.D.人類與計(jì)算機(jī)。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先定位首段第一句“理想的伴侶機(jī)器——計(jì)算機(jī)不僅看起來、感覺上和聽起來都很友好，而且通過編程能使其行為舉止令人愉快”和尾段最后一句“有了這些功能，這臺(tái)機(jī)器可能真的會(huì)成為一個(gè)非常有吸引力的社交伙伴”可知，文章的關(guān)鍵詞是理想伴侶型機(jī)器；然后看到文章內(nèi)容，第一段描述了這種機(jī)器的特性，即積極互動(dòng)、有個(gè)性且行為舉止得體，然后第二段說明了這種伴侶型機(jī)器是如何與人類建立情感關(guān)系，最后一段說明了人為的關(guān)系將帶來的一些好處；綜合理解可知，本文主要是講述能建立感情的機(jī)器，所以C項(xiàng)“有感情的機(jī)器”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“人為關(guān)系”、B項(xiàng)“如何建立親密關(guān)系”只是部分提及，屬于以偏概全；

D項(xiàng)“人類與計(jì)算機(jī)”概括范圍太大，不精準(zhǔn)，屬于曲解原文。

13.單選題

Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,______theatmosphere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asitis

B.thesameis

C.sois

D.andequallyis

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：正如土壤是地球的一部分一樣，大氣也是地球的一部分。So+助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞等+另一個(gè)主語B，說明主語B和主句的主語具有同樣的性質(zhì)，在句中大氣和土壤具有同樣的性質(zhì)，即都屬于地球的一部分，C選項(xiàng)sois符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)asitis“事實(shí)上”；B選項(xiàng)thesameis“相同的是”，放進(jìn)題目構(gòu)成兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，語法錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)andequallyis中equally是副詞，不能充當(dāng)主語。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

TheradicaltransformationofSovietsocietyhadaprofoundimpactonwomen’slives.Marxistshadtraditionallybelievedthatbothcapitalismandthemiddleclasshusbandexploitedwomen.TheRussianRevolutionof1917immediatelyproclaimedcompleteequalityofrightsforwomen.Inthe1920sdivorceandabortionweremadeeasilyavailable,andwomenwereurgedtoworkoutsidethehomeandliberatethemselvessexually.AfterStalincametopower,sexualandfamilialliberationwasplayeddown,andthemostlastingchangesforwomeninvolvedworkandeducation.

Thesechangesweretrulyrevolutionary.Youngwomenwereconstantlytoldthattheyhadtob