考研考博-英語-新疆理工學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-新疆理工學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

SomestatesintheUShaveset（）standardsconcerningmathandsciencetests.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.energetic

B.vigorous

C.rigorous

D.grave

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)energetic“精力充沛的，積極的”，B項(xiàng)vigorous“有力的”，C項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)格的”，D項(xiàng)grave“重大的，嚴(yán)肅的”；根據(jù)空格后面的standard（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）以及關(guān)鍵詞mathandsciencetests（數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)測試），結(jié)合句子的語境，只有C項(xiàng)符合。句意：美國的一些州已經(jīng)為數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)考試設(shè)置了嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Theplanet’swildcreaturesfaceanewthreat—fromyuppies(雅皮士),emptynestersandoneparentfamilies.

Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.

EvenwherepopulationshaveactuallydwindledinsomeregionsofNewZealand,forinstance—thenumbersofindividualhouseholdshasincreased,becauseofdivorce,careerchoice,smallerfamiliesandlongerlifespan.

JianguoLiuofMichiganStateUniversityandcolleaguesfromStanfordUniversityinCaliforniareportinNature,inapaperpublishedonlineinadvance,thatagreaternumberofindividualhouseholds,eachcontainingonaveragefewerpeople,meantmorepressureonnaturalresources.

Townsandcitiesbegantosprawl(蔓延)asnewhomeswerebuilt.Eachhouseholdneededfueltoheatandlightit;eachhouseholdrequireditsownplumbing,cookingandrefrigeration.

“Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.”DrLiusaid.Heandhiscolleagueslookedatthepopulationpatternsoflifein141countries,including76“hotspot”regionsunusuallyrichinavarietyoflocalwildlife.ThesehotspotsincludedAustralia,NewZealand,theUS,Brazil,China,India,Kenya,andItaly.Theyfoundthatbetween1985and2000inthe“hotspot”partsoftheglobe,theannual3.1%growthrateinthenumberofhouseholdswasfarhigherthanthepopulationgrowthrateof1.8%.

“Hadtheaveragehouseholdsizeremainedatthe1985level,”thescientistsreport,“therewouldhavebeen155millionfewerhouseholdsinhotspotcountriesin2000”.

DrLiu’sworkgrewfromthealarmingdiscoverythatthegiantpandaslivinginChina’sWolongreservearemoreatrisknowthantheywerewhenthereservewasfirstestablished.Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.

Onlyaround1.75millionspeciesontheplanethavebeennamedanddescribed.Biologistsestimatethattherecouldbe7million,oreven17million,asyettobeidentified.Buthumannumbershavegrownmorethansix-foldinthepast200years,andhumansandtheirlivestockarenowthegreatestsingleconsumergroupontheplanet.Theworldpopulationwillcontinuetosoar,perhapslevelingoffaround9billioninthenextcentury.Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.

56.Biologistsreportthatthebiodiversityisdecreasingbecause（）.

57.Researchersstatethat（）.

58.Theexampleinparagraph8indicatedthat（）.

59.Someenvironmentalistswarnthatthesoaringpopulationwillcause（）.

60.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreindividualhouseholdsareincreasinggreatly

B.humanbeingsarethreateningmanywildcreatures

C.humanpopulationshavebeendecreasinginrecentyears

D.wildcreaturesdependonmoreindividualhouseholds

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.largerfamiliesaremoreefficientinconsumingnaturalresourcesthansmallerfamilies

B.bothlargerandsmallerfamiliesneedthesameamountsofnaturalresources

C.smallerfamiliesaremoreextravagantinliving

D.largerfamiliesaremorefrugalinliving

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thelocalpeopledonotmindconservingthenaturalenvironment

B.thelocalpeopleshouldfurthercontroltheriseofpopulation

C.theincreaseoflocalpopulationledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

D.theincreaseofindividualhouseholdsledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedegradationofpeople’slivingstandardinthenextcentury

B.thedeteriorationoflivingenvironmentinthenextcentury

C.thereproductionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

D.theextinctionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theincreaseofhumanpopulationleadstomoredestructionofthenaturalworld

B.thedecreaseofanimalnopopulationresultsfromthedwindlingbiodiversityinthenaturalworld

C.theplanet’sbiodiversityisalsorelatedtothenumberofhouseholds

D.theplanet’sbiodiversityreliesonthebalancedincreaseoflargerandsmallerhouseholds

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】56.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.（生物學(xué)家研究地球上日益減少的生物多樣性所帶來的壓力，今天報(bào)告了一個(gè)新的警報(bào)理由。盡管人口的增長率在下降，但個(gè)體家庭的數(shù)量卻在激增。）也就是說生物多樣性的減少是由于個(gè)體家庭數(shù)量的激增，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“人類正在威脅許多野生動(dòng)物”；文章沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“近年來人口一直在減少”，不是原因；D選項(xiàng)“野生動(dòng)物依賴更多的個(gè)體家庭”，無關(guān)項(xiàng)。

57.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第六段的第一句話Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.（在規(guī)模更大的家庭中，資源消耗的效率會高得多，因?yàn)楦嗟娜朔窒頄|西。）因此A選項(xiàng)“大家庭在消耗自然資源方面比小家庭更有效率”正確。B選項(xiàng)“無論是大家庭還是小家庭都需要相同數(shù)量的自然資源”；C選項(xiàng)“小家庭生活更奢侈”以及D選項(xiàng)“大家庭生活更節(jié)儉”都是原文沒有提到的。

58.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第八段的最后一句Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.（當(dāng)?shù)厝丝谠鲩L了，但房屋的總數(shù)增長得更快，從而對竹林產(chǎn)生了更大的影響。）可知，小規(guī)模家庭的增多，意味著對自然生態(tài)的破壞就越多，生物的多樣性就會減少，因此D選項(xiàng)“個(gè)體家庭的增加導(dǎo)致了生物多樣性的減少”正確。A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬唤橐獗Ｗo(hù)自然環(huán)境”，并沒有體現(xiàn)；B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)厝藨?yīng)該進(jìn)一步控制人口的增長”，過度推斷；C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)?shù)厝丝诘脑黾訉?dǎo)致了生物多樣性的減少”，并不是人口的增多，而是小規(guī)模家庭的增多，錯(cuò)誤。

59.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段最后一句話Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.（環(huán)保人士聲稱，地球上四分之一到一半的物種可能在下個(gè)世紀(jì)滅絕。）通過這句話可知，人口的增多，將導(dǎo)致更多的生物物種在下個(gè)世紀(jì)滅絕。因此D選項(xiàng)“下個(gè)世紀(jì)將有更多的野生物種滅絕”正確。A選項(xiàng)“下個(gè)世紀(jì)人們生活水平的下降”；B選項(xiàng)“下個(gè)世紀(jì)生活環(huán)境的惡化”以及C選項(xiàng)“下個(gè)世紀(jì)更多野生物種的繁殖”都不符合原文。

60.主旨大意題。在第二段中Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.（生物學(xué)家研究地球上日益減少的生物多樣性所帶來的壓力，今天報(bào)告了一個(gè)新的警報(bào)理由。盡管人口的增長率在下降，但個(gè)體家庭的數(shù)量卻在激增。）以及最后一段中Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.（當(dāng)?shù)厝丝谠鲩L了，但房屋的總數(shù)增長得更快，從而對竹林產(chǎn)生了更大的影響。）都可以得知研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)小規(guī)模家庭的增多，勢必會消耗更多的能源，破壞更多的生態(tài)平衡，也就導(dǎo)致了生物多樣性的減少，因此C選項(xiàng)“地球的生物多樣性也與家庭的數(shù)量有關(guān)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人口的增長導(dǎo)致了對自然世界更多的破壞”；B選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物數(shù)量的減少是由于自然界生物多樣性的減少”以及“地球的生物多樣性依賴于大大小小的家庭的平衡增長”，都不能闡釋文章的主題。

3.單選題

Ourcartrunk（）withsuitcasesandwecouldhardlymakeroomforanything.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wentcramming

B.wascrammed

C.iscramming

D.wasbeencrammed

【答案】B

【解析】becrammedwith為固定搭配，意為“被填滿”。選項(xiàng)B表述正確。

4.單選題

SharepricesontheStockExchangeplungedsharplyinthemorningbut（

）lightlyintheafternoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.regained

B.recovered

C.restored

D.revived

【答案】B

【解析】同義詞辨析。句意:證券交易所今早股價(jià)大跌，下午略有回升。

Regain重新獲得(所有權(quán));recover恢復(fù);restore恢復(fù)...存在或使用;revive恢復(fù)；復(fù)興,多指某國或某一區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條后振興。因此這里選B合適。

5.單選題

Familydisruptionhasbeensuggestedasacentralcauseofmanytroublesomesocialproblems.Morethanhalfofthedramaticincreaseinchildpovertyinthe1980’s（）toit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arecontributed

B.arecontributable

C.isattributing

D.isattributable

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。contribute“貢獻(xiàn)，出力”；attribute“歸因于”。詞組attributeto通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)C可排除。句意：有人認(rèn)為家庭破裂是許多棘手的社會問題的主要原因。上世紀(jì)80年代，兒童貧困的急劇增加，有一半以上的問題要?dú)w因于貧困。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Didyounoticeherpaleface?Ithinkshewasnotquite（

）atthepartyyesterday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.her

B.she

C.herself

D.itself

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。benotoneself“表示身體不舒服”。句意：你注意到她蒼白的臉沒？我覺得在昨天的聚會上，她不太舒服。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

BBC’sCasualtyprogrammeonSaturdayeveninggaveviewersavoteastowhichoftwopatientsshouldbenefitfromadonation.Butitfailedtotellusthatwewouldnotneedtomakesomanylife-and-deathdecisionsifwegottogripwiththechronicorganshortage.

Beingpussyfootingaroundinitsapproachtodeadbodies,theGovernmentisgivingakickingtosomeofthemostvulnerableinoursociety.Onedepressingconsequenceofthisisthatasignificantnumberofthoseonthewaitinglisttakeofftoforeigncountriestopurchaseanorganfromalivingthird-worlddonor,somethingthatisforbiddenintheUnitedKingdom.Thepoorhavenooptionbuttowaitinvain.

TheHumanTissueAuthority’spositionontheretentionofbodypartsformedicalresearchafterapost-mortemexaminationisequallyflawed.Thenewconsentformscouldhavebeendraftedbysomeevilpersonseekingtostopthepreciousflowofhumantissueintothepathologicallaboratory.Theformsaresolengthythatdoctorsrarelyhavetimetocompletethemand,eveniftheytry,thewordingissographicthatrelativestendtolegitbeforesigning.Inconsequence,thenumberofpostmortemshasfallenquickly.

ThewiderworryisthatthemoralshortsightednessevidentintheHumanTissueActseemstoin-fecteveryfacetofthecontemporarydebateonmedicalethics.Takethetimidapproachtoembryonicstemcellresearch.TheUnitedStates,forexample,refusesgovernmentfundingtoscientistswhowishtocarryoutpotentiallyground-breakingresearchonthesurplusembryoscreatedbyIVFtreatment.

Senatorsprofesstobeworriedthatembryonicresearchfailstorespectthedignityof“potentialpersonsn.Rarelycansuchavacuousconcepthavefounditswayintoadebateclaimingtoprovideen-lightenment.Whenisthis“potential”supposedtokickin?Incaseyouwerewondering,thesesup-posedlypreciousembryosareatthesamestageofdevelopmentasthosethatareroutinelyterminatedbythepillwithoutanyonecrying.Thankfully,theBritishGovernmenthasrefusedthepositionofthe

UnitedStatesandoperatesoneofthemostliberalregimesinEurope,inwhichlicenceshavebeena-wardedtoresearcherstocreateembryosformedicalresearch.Itispossiblethat,inyearstocome,scientistswillbeabletogroworgansinthelabandfindcuresforarangeofdebilitatingdiseases.

Thefundamentalproblemwithourapproachtoethicsisourinabilitytoseparateemotionfrompolicy.Theonlyfactorthatshouldenterourmoralandlegaldeliberationsisthatofwelfare,aconceptthatismeaninglesswhenappliedtoentitiesthatlackself-consciousness.Neverforgetthattheresearchthatwearesoreluctanttoconductuponembryosanddeadbodiesisroutinelycarriedoutonliving,pain-sensitiveanimals.

1.Whathascausedthechronicorganshortage?

2.Theexpression“pussyfootingaround”(Line1，Paragraph2)mightmean（）.

3.Themoralshortsightednessisrevealedinthefactthat（）

4.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthormostlikelytoagree?

5.Theauthorismostcriticalof（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Adecreaseindonationrates.

B.Inefficientgovernmentalpolicy.

C.Illegaltradeinhumanorgans.

D.Newsmedia’sindifference.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.unfair

B.hesitant

C.secret

D.strict

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thegovernmenthasstoppedtheexperimentonhumantissue

B.thedonationconsentformsaredifficulttounderstand

C.theHumanTissueActisallobstacletoimportantmedicalresearch

D.embryonicresearchshowsdisregardforhumanlife

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Therichandthepoorareequalinthefaceofdeath.

B.Morescientistsareneededforthemedicaladvancement.

C.Thereisadoublestandardinmedicalethics.

D.Thedeaddeservethesameattentionastheliving.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.themedia

B.doctors

C.U.S.Legislators

D.theBritishgovernment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段指出：Beingpussyfootingaroundinitsapproachtodeadbodies,theGovernmentisgivingakickingtosomeofthemostvulnerableinoursociety。因此政府行為加劇了可移植器官的短缺。B項(xiàng)（政府政策的不作為）正確。

2.語義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第一行，該處講到“政府對待尸體問題……，給我們社會中最弱勢的群體一個(gè)打擊（givingakickingto）”，后面句子又講到“它造成的一個(gè)令人沮喪（depressing）的后果是等待名單上很大一部分人飛到國外從第三世界捐贈(zèng)者那里購買活體器官，而這在英國是被禁止的”。由此可知，“pussyfootingaround”在這里應(yīng)該表示的是“謹(jǐn)慎的，顧慮重重的”。因此，B項(xiàng)“hesitant（猶豫的；躊躇的）”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“moralshortsightedness”定位至第四段：ThewiderworryisthatthemoralshortsightednessevidentintheHumanTissueActseemstoinfecteveryfacetofthecontemporarydebateonmedicalethics（更令人擔(dān)憂的是，《人體組織法案》中明顯的道德短視似乎影響了當(dāng)代醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)辯論的各個(gè)方面）。因此，C項(xiàng)（《人體組織法案》是重要醫(yī)學(xué)研究的障礙）正確。

4.態(tài)度題。A項(xiàng)（死亡面前人人平等），B項(xiàng)（更多的科學(xué)家需要醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步），C項(xiàng)（醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)有雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），D項(xiàng)（死者應(yīng)該與生者獲得同等關(guān)注）。第一段反駁了A項(xiàng)；B選項(xiàng)偷換概念，排除；D項(xiàng)文章沒有體現(xiàn)。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.態(tài)度題。作者是對政府政策持批判態(tài)度的。因此，C項(xiàng)（美國立法者）正確。

8.單選題

Throughouttheages,（）acommonobservation（）certaindiseasesareassociatedwithparticularemotionsandattitudes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.it’s...that

B.it’swhich

C.it’sbeen...that

D.it’sbeen...which

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子意思，可知空格應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示從古至今，選項(xiàng)A和B可排除。又根據(jù)特殊句型，it充當(dāng)了形式主語，所以that引導(dǎo)真正的主語從句，that無實(shí)義，只起引導(dǎo)和連接作用。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

WillteleportationbecomearealityintimeforGeneralRelativity’s100thbirthday?THEYEAR2015isthe100thanniversaryofthepublicationofAlbertEinstein’sfirstpapersonrelativity.(46)ThisrevolutionarytheoryofphysicschangedourviewoftheUniverseandopenedupmanypossibilities,suchastheuseofatomicenergy,whichhadneverbeendreamedofbefore.

Teleportationisonedreamthat’syettobeachieved.Insciencefiction,teleportationmeansdisintegratinganobjectinoneplacewhileaperfectreplicaappearssomewhereelse.ThetransporterofStarTrekisprobablythebest-knownexample.Ironically,alimitedkindofteleportationhasbeenachievedthroughrelativity’s“rival”ofquantumtheory.(47)AsreportedinFocus272,quantumteleportationinvolvestransferringinformationonaquantumsystem—thatis,asmallasimplesystemsuchasasinglephoton—fromoneplacetoanother.Suchexperimentsmayleadtoadvancesincommunicationsandcomputing:wemayevenseea“quantuminternet”.

(48)Buttheseexperimentshaveyettobescaleduptoasystemaslargeasamolecule,letaloneCaptainKirk.Besides,StarTrektransportersdon’tseemtoworkonquantumeffects.InoneStarTrek:TheNextGenerationepisode,Dataexplainsthattransporterworkbyconvertingsomeoneintoanenergybeam,thenbacktotheiroriginalpattern.Einstein’srelativitydidprovethatenergyandmassareequivalent.ButinThePhysicsofStarTrek(1995),physicistLawrenceKraussshowsthattobeamahumanmightrequire10,000timesthecurrentpoweroutputofEarth.

Teleportationisastubborndream.StoriesofmattertransmittersgobacktoEdwardPageMitchell’s1877novelTheManWithoutABody,withrootsinmythslikethe“seven-leagueboots”ofEuropeanfolklore.Ifweevercouldbuildateleporter,whatwouldwedowithit?

LarryNiven’s1973novelFlashCrowdshoweda2015transformedsince“displacementbooths”wereintroducedbackin1990.(49)Asyounolongerneededtoliveclosebyyourplaceofwork,citiesandsuburbsdissolved,whilepropertyvaluessoaredandcrashed.Thetitlerelatestoakindofpermanentfloatingriotthatisdrawntodisturbances.

IntheDoctorwhoserialTheSeedsofDeath(1969),anUN-runglobalteleportationcalledTravel-mat(T-mat)istheworld’ssolemeansoftransportation.(50)Thenetworkiscreakingbecauseofhumanfrailtyandmistakes,evenbeforedisasterstrikesintheformofaninvasionofIceWarriorsfromMars.WhenT-matisshutdown,withinhours“atotalbreakdownofsocialorder(is)predicted”.Thisstoryisametaphorforthedangersofover-relianceonasingletechnologicalsystem.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.這一革命性的物理學(xué)理論改變了我們對宇宙的看法，并開辟了許多可能性，如以前從未夢想過使用原子能。

47.正如《焦點(diǎn)272》所報(bào)道的，量子傳輸包括在量子系統(tǒng)上傳輸信息，也就是說，一個(gè)簡單的系統(tǒng)，比如將單個(gè)光子從一個(gè)地方傳輸?shù)搅硪粋€(gè)地方。

48.但這些實(shí)驗(yàn)還沒有擴(kuò)展到一個(gè)分子那么大的系統(tǒng)，更不用說《星際迷航》中的科克船長了。另外，《星際迷航》的傳送器似乎對量子效應(yīng)不起作用。

49.當(dāng)你不再需要住在離工作近的地方時(shí)，城市和郊區(qū)就消失了，而房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格飆升又暴跌。這本書與一種永久的浮動(dòng)暴動(dòng)有關(guān)，它被卷入了騷亂。

50.由于人類的軟弱和錯(cuò)誤，網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)不堪重負(fù)，甚至在災(zāi)難來臨之前，就已經(jīng)有了來自火星的冰戰(zhàn)士的入侵。

10.翻譯題

1.Whenyouareinthebusinessofsendingspacecrafttootherplanets,itisprobablywisetodoeverythingyoucantokeepyourspace-probessterile(無菌的).NASA,America’sspaceagency,certainlydoesso.Afterall,youwouldnotwanthugsfromoneplanettocontaminateanotherwheretheymightpossiblythrive.

ButaccordingtoCurtMileikowsky,oftheRoyalInstituteofTechnologyinStockholm,thismayalreadyhavehappenednaturallybillionsofyearsagowhenthesolarsystemwasyoung.ForDrMileikowskyhastakenacentury-oldideacalledpanspermia(有生源說),andshownthatitisplausible.

2.Panspermiaisthetheorythatlifedoesnotstartindependentlyoneachplanetthathasit(assumingthatotherplanetsdo).Rather,ithopsfromplacetoplace,“infecting”newworldsasitgoes.Supportedbyexpertsinbiology,geologyandcelestialmechanics,DrMileikowskyarguedtotheAmericanAstronomicalSocietymeetinginAtlantathatthisisnotasoutlandishasitsounds.

3.Bunglingspaceorganizationsapart,theonlymodeoftravelopentomicrobesseemstobemeteorites.Mostofthesearesmallbitsofjunkfromtheasteroid(小行星)beltthathavegoneoffcourse.Butsomearerocksthathavebeenflungintospacefromthesurfacesofplanetsasaresultofthoseplanetshavingbeenstruckbyevenlargerbitsofrock—decent—sizedasteroidsorcomets.

4.Ifthereislifeonsuchaplanet,microscopicformsofitwillprobablylivedeepinsiderocks,astheydoonearth.Theaccelerationoflift-offwouldnotkillsomethingthatsize.

5.Ifarockislargeenough,theheatgeneratedasitisthrownclearwillbenegligibleexceptatitssurface—where,ifanything,meltingmayevenproduceanairtightskintoprotectanymicrobesdeeperdownfromtheunpleasantvacuumofspace.

【答案】1.當(dāng)我們發(fā)射宇宙飛船到其他星球時(shí)，盡可能使太空探測器保持無菌狀態(tài)是明智的。美國國家航空航天局(NASA)肯定是這樣做。畢竟，我們不會希望一個(gè)星球的污染波及另一個(gè)它們可能繁衍的地方。

但根據(jù)斯德哥爾摩皇家理工學(xué)院的庫特?米里科夫斯基的說法，這可能在幾十億年前太陽系統(tǒng)還很年輕的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)自然發(fā)生了。因?yàn)閹焯?米里科夫斯基博士采用了一個(gè)有百年歷史的“有生源說”理論，并證明了它的合理性。

2.有生源說理論認(rèn)為，生命并非獨(dú)立起源于擁有生命的各個(gè)行星（假設(shè)其他行星上也有生命）。而是從一個(gè)地方彈跳似的傳播到另一個(gè)地方，每到一個(gè)新世界就將那里“感染”。在生物學(xué)、地質(zhì)學(xué)和天體力學(xué)方面的專家的支持下，庫特?米里科夫斯基博士在亞特蘭大舉行的美國天文學(xué)會會議上指出，這也并沒有聽起來那么奇怪。

3.除了空間組織混亂之外，向微生物開放的唯一通道似乎是隕石。其中大多數(shù)是小行星帶上的少量垃圾，它們已經(jīng)偏離航向。但是，有些巖石卻被行星表面拋入太空，這是因?yàn)檫@些行星被更大的小塊巖石撞擊，這些巖石是大小適中的小行星或彗星。

4.如果在這樣的行星上存在生命，那么它的微觀形式可能會像在地球上一樣生活在深部的內(nèi)部巖石中。加速起飛不會殺死那么大的東西。

5.如果一塊巖石足夠大，那么它扔出去時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的熱量是微不足道的，除了在它的表面，在任何地方融化可能會產(chǎn)生不透氣的皮膚，以保護(hù)更深層的微生物免受空間真空的傷害。

11.單選題

Allindividualsarerequiredto______tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abide

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abide“接受，遵照”，后面常接介詞by；B選項(xiàng)conform“順從，遵守，符合”；C選項(xiàng)concede“承認(rèn)，允許”；D選項(xiàng)observe“觀察”，observe表示“遵守”時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，不與to搭配。根據(jù)thelaws可知B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：所有人都必須遵守本國政府制定的法律。

12.單選題

Oncethe____contradictionisgrasped,allproblemswillbereadilysolved.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.principle

B.principal

C.potential

D.primitive

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.principle原則；本質(zhì)B.principal主要的

C.potential潛在的D.primitive原始的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與形近詞辨析

【解題思路】原句語義為“抓住____矛盾，一切問題就迎刃而解?！备鶕?jù)后文“一切問題就迎刃而解”推斷，前文指的是抓住了主要矛盾，B選項(xiàng)principal“主要的”符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)principle“原則；本質(zhì)”，形近詞，與contradiction“矛盾”不搭配；

C選項(xiàng)potential“潛在的”，不符合原句語義銜接；

D選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的”，形近詞，不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】抓住了主要矛盾，一切問題就迎刃而解了。

13.單選題

In___timeshumanbeingsdidnottravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavorableclimate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prime

B.primitive

C.primary

D.preliminary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)prime“主要的；最好的；基本的”；B選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的，遠(yuǎn)古的；簡單的，粗糙的”；C選項(xiàng)primary“主要的；初級的；基本的”；D選項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的；開始的；預(yù)備的”。句意：在原始時(shí)代，人類旅行不是為了娛樂，而是為了尋找更適宜的氣候。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish

電子郵件對我們職業(yè)生涯和個(gè)人生活的影響非同一般。相隔千里的人們可以在短短的幾秒鐘之內(nèi)發(fā)送并接受詳盡的文件資料。這就使得人們能夠以一種前所未有的方式齊心協(xié)力，共同承擔(dān)大量的工程項(xiàng)目。通過電子郵件與國外的人通信、交換文件已成為司空見慣的事情。唯一的障礙是時(shí)區(qū)的不同。

【答案】Theeffectofe-mailonourcareerandpersonallifeisextraordinary.Peoplethousandsofmileswayawayfromeachcansendandreceivedetaileddocumentswithinjustafewseconds.Thisallowpeopletoworktogetherandjointlyundertakeagreatdealofprojectsinanunprecedentedway.Ithasbecomeacommonpracticetocommunicateandexchangefileswithpeopleoverseasbye-mail.Theonlyobstacleisthedifferenceintimezones.

15.單選題

Wehadn’tenoughmoneytopayourbusfare,andin（）wehadtowalk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.particular

B.consequence

C.possession

D.succession

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。particular特別的，特色；consequence結(jié)果，因此；possession擁有，所有；succession

接連，避承權(quán)。句意：我們沒有足夠的錢賣車票，所以只能步行。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

16.單選題

Duringperiodsofsocialstability,manyartacademiesaresofirmlycontrolledbydogmatiststhatallrealcreativeworkmustbedonebythe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elite

B.disenfranchised

C.reactionaries

D.dissatisfied

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞及名詞辨析。elite“精英；精華”；disenfranchised“被剝奪權(quán)利的”，thedisenfranchised“被剝奪權(quán)利的人”；reactionaries“反動(dòng)派”；dissatisfied“不滿意的；不高興的”。句意：在社會穩(wěn)定時(shí)期，很多藝術(shù)學(xué)院被教條主義者牢牢地控制，以至所有真正有創(chuàng)意的作品必須由那些被剝奪了權(quán)利的人完成。由“controlledbydogmatists被教條主義者控制”及“realcreativework真正有創(chuàng)意的作品”的對應(yīng)知“真正有創(chuàng)意的作品都是由藝術(shù)學(xué)院里被剝奪了權(quán)利的人來完成。被教條主義控制意味著被剝奪了權(quán)利。

17.單選題

Henry'snewsreportcoveringtheconferencewasso（）thatnothinghadbeenomitted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.clear

B.integrated

C.comprehensive

D.understandable

【答案】C

【解析】詞義辨析題。句意：亨利關(guān)于這次會議的新聞報(bào)道非常全面,

沒有遺漏任何東西。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

18.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.Truthgainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thanbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.Notthatitissolely,orchiefly,toformgreatthinkersthatfreedomofthinkingisrequired.Onthecontrary,itisasmuchorevenmoreindispensabletoenableaveragehumanbeingstoattainthementalstaturewhichtheyarecapableof.Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed:wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithhermind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem:whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform;shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof:else