(完整版)現(xiàn)在分詞用法與練習(xí)

現(xiàn)在分詞用法與練習(xí)一、現(xiàn)在分詞的各種形式及意義

二、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能名稱形式意義例句一般式doing與其邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系;與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生Theprofessorcamein,followingtheheadmaster.教授跟著校長(zhǎng)進(jìn)來(lái)了?，F(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式beingdone強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.現(xiàn)在正討論的問(wèn)題很重要?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式havingdone分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前Havingstudiedthemap,Iknowwhichwaytogo?仔細(xì)看完地圖后，我知道該走哪條路了?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式havingbeendone分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前;分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系Havingbeenscoldedmanytimesbytheboss,hedecidedtoleave?被老板責(zé)罵很多次后，他決定離開(kāi)。1．作定語(yǔ)單個(gè)的現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)前置定語(yǔ)，分詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ)。但是，完成式的現(xiàn)在分詞不能用作定語(yǔ)。Theswimmingboyismyelderbrother．正在游泳的男孩是我的哥哥。Telltheboysplayingovertherenottomakeanynoise?告訴那邊正在玩的男孩們不要制造噪。2．作表語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征，相當(dāng)于形容詞，其主語(yǔ)通常是物。一般跟在連系動(dòng)詞be，get，be，come，look，sound，feel，keep，remain，grow，seem，appear等后面。Thestorysoundsinteresting.這個(gè)故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣。Thenewswasdisappointing.這個(gè)消息令人失望?！军c(diǎn)津】動(dòng)名詞也可以作表語(yǔ)，此時(shí)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)是對(duì)等關(guān)系，可以互換位置。Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows．(=Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.)你的任務(wù)是擦窗戶。3．作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1)現(xiàn)在分詞可以在see，hear，notice，watch，feel，lookat，listento，observe，have，get，leave，keep，set，catch，find等動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。InoticedamanrunningoutofthebankwhenIgotoffthecar．我下車的時(shí)候注意到一個(gè)男人匆匆忙忙地從銀行里跑出來(lái)。(2)上面這類句子也可變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞可看成是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。ShewasheardsinginganEnglishsongyesterday?昨天有人聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在唱英文歌曲。Acookwillbefiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.廚師若被發(fā)現(xiàn)在廚房?jī)?nèi)抽煙會(huì)被解雇。(3)with+賓語(yǔ)+v-ingWithsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.4?作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。必須記住：從句和主句的主語(yǔ)必須一致。(1)表示時(shí)間?，F(xiàn)在分詞表時(shí)間時(shí)，相當(dāng)于when等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Becarefulwhencrossingtheroad?(=Becarefulwhenyouarecrossingtheroad.)過(guò)馬路時(shí)小心點(diǎn)。HavingturnedofftheTV,hebegantodohishomework?關(guān)掉電視后，他開(kāi)始做家庭作業(yè)。(=AfterhehadturnedofftheTV．hebegantodohishomework．)(2)表示原因Beingsoexcited,shecouldn'tgotosleep．(=Becauseshewassoexcited,shecouldn'tgotosleep.)因?yàn)樗d奮了，所以睡不著。Nothavingreceivedhisreply，shedecidedtomakeacalltohim．(=Becauseshehadn'treceivedhisreply,shedecidedtomakeacalltohim.因?yàn)闆](méi)有收到他的回信，她決定給他打個(gè)電話。⑶表示方式或伴隨，常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)and引起的并列分句。①Theteachercameintotheclassroom,holdingabookinhishand.(=Theteachercameintotheclassroomandheldabookinhishand.)老師手拿一本書(shū)走進(jìn)教室。②Hecamerunningintotheroom.(=Hecameandranintotheroom)他跑進(jìn)屋來(lái)。(4)表示結(jié)果，常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)and引起的并列分句。這類狀語(yǔ)常放在句子的后半部分，分詞前往往有副詞thus,thereby(因此)或only，并有逗號(hào)同前面的句子成分隔開(kāi),?？勺g為“于是，所以，因而”等。這種分詞的邏輯主

語(yǔ)既可以是句子的主語(yǔ)，也可以是前邊的整個(gè)句子。邏輯主語(yǔ)為前邊的整個(gè)句子時(shí)，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句。①Thecarwasheldupbythestorm，causingthedelay.(=Thecarwasheldupbythestormandcausedthedelay.)汽車被暴風(fēng)雨所阻擋，因而耽擱了。②Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,leavingtheprojectunfinished.(=Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,andlefttheprojectunfinished.)那位老科學(xué)突然去世，下未盡的事業(yè)。那位老科學(xué)突然去世，下未盡的事業(yè)。Heturnedoffthelamp,(thereby)seeingnothing.(=Heturnedoffthelamp,therebyhesawnothing.)他熄了燈，什么也看不見(jiàn)了。Anumberofnewmachineswereintroducedfromabroad,thusresultinginanincreaseinproduction.(=Anumberofnewmachineswereintroducedfromabroad,whichresultedinanincreaseinproduction.)大量的新機(jī)器被從國(guó)外引入，導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)增加。(5)表示條件，常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Workinghard,you'llsucceed.(=Ifyouworkhard，you'llsucceed.)努力工作，你就會(huì)成功。(6)表示讓步，常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Thoughfeelingtired,Billyhedidn'tstopworking.(=ThoughBillyfelttired,hedidn'tstopworking.盡管覺(jué)得很累，但比利并沒(méi)有停止他的工作。提示：如果現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間，條件或者讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面可以直接加相應(yīng)的連詞，如when,while,unless,if,though。Becarefulwhencrossingtheroad．Thoughfeelingtired,Billyhedidn'tstopworking三、分詞的否定式分詞的否定式總是將否定詞not置于分詞之前，遇上現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式、被動(dòng)式以及完成被動(dòng)式，否定詞應(yīng)置于整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)之前。Notknowingwhattodonext,shestoppedtowait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下來(lái)等著。Nothavingfinishedthehomework,thelittlegirldoesn'tdaretogotoschool．小女孩沒(méi)完成作業(yè)不敢去學(xué)校。四、獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)有些分詞短語(yǔ)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。常見(jiàn)的有：generallyspeaking總的來(lái)說(shuō)；judgingfrom/by根據(jù)判斷；speakingof說(shuō)到；talkingof談到；franklyspeaking坦率地說(shuō)；allowingfor考慮到。Judgingbyhisface,hewasangry．從他的臉色上看，他很生氣。Theprojectwilltakeabout8months,allowingfordelayscausedbytherainyseason.考慮到雨季的耽誤，這項(xiàng)工程大約需要8個(gè)月。Franklyspeaking，thecarisnotworthbuying.坦率地說(shuō)，這部車不值得買(mǎi)。五．基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)題Hesatthereanovel.A.readB.readingC.readsD.hadreadDon'twakeupthechild.A.sleepB.sleptC.sleepingD.sleepyAproverbgoes:‘A___stonegathersnomoss'.A.rollB.rollingC.rolledD.rollsTheheavyrainkeptusfortwohours.A.waitB.waitedC.waitingD.towaitWefoundthebabyonthefloor.A.sleptB.sleepC.asleepD.sleepingJacksawawomannearthedog,sohewalkeduptoher.A.stoodB.standsC.tostandD.standingourshoesinourhands,wecrossedthestream.A.TocarryB.CarryingC.CarriedD.Carrymyhomework,Iwenthome.A.HavingfinishedB.FinishedC.BeingfinishedD.Finishthedoorunlocked,Iwentin.A.FindingB.FoundC.HadfoundD.Havefoundacarelessfellow,heforgetallaboutit.A.IsB.BeC.BeingD.WasYoumustbecarefulwhen___onthehighway.A.youdrivingB.aredrivingC.drivingD.youweredrivingEnginesaremachines___powerormotion.A.produceB.producingC.producedD.whichproducing13Weather,wewillhaveapicnictomorrow.A.permitB.permitsC.permittedD.permittingThevacationover,thestudentscamebacktoschool.isB.areC.wasD.being___thepainting,hegaveasighofrelief.A.FinishingB.HasfinishedC.BeingfinishedD.Havingfinished___thewaytotake,thetravellerwentonhisjourney.A.TellingB.HavingtoldC.HavingbeentoldD.Havetold17.Don'tsittherenothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.A.doB.todoC.doingD.anddoingThewildflowerlookedlikeasoftorangeblanketthedesert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocoverTom'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It'snousewithhim.A.toargueB.arguingC.arguedD.havingargued,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.A.GeneralspeakingB.SpeakinggeneralC.GenerallyspeakingD.Speakinggenerally“Youcan'tcatchme!”Janeshouted,away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ranIcould'tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoonformanyyears,thetwobrotherscan'trecognizeeachother.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated24.Themanager,itcleartousthathedidn'tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making25.Don'tleavethewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torunHavingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtimetheexam.A.passB.topassC.passedD.passingHelookedaroundandcaughtamanhishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.puttingAcookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smokedIcouldn'tfindmykeytothecarwhenhome.A.leavingB.toleaveC.leftD.havingleftThoughmoney,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackC.lackingD.lackedinThegirlwaslastseennearthepark.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playD.missed;toplay.A.torepairbikesB.bikestoberepairedC.bikesbeingrepairedD.repairingbikesTheoldmantoldthestoryinavoiceandthelittlegirlfeltvery■A.frightening;frightenedB.frightened;frighteningC.frightening;frighteningD.frightened;frightened—Didyoutellherthenews?—No,ofcoursenot.—Butfromwhatshesaid,shemusthaveknownaboutit.A.judgeB.judgedC.beingjudgedD.judgingfullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.A.NotbeingmadeB.HavingnotmadeC.MakingnotD.Nothavingmade六．真題再現(xiàn)WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor"Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater."（99）A.readB.readsC.toreadD.readingRecentlyasurveypricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.（11江蘇31'）A.comparedB.comparingC.comparesD.beingcomparedThetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourandlessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.（2010浙江）A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighingThegovernmentplanstobringinnewlawsparentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.（09江西34）A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforcedAtthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdeskscouldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosed（2007全國(guó)II）C.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandcloseThepictureonthewallispaintedbymynephew.（2000?北安春招?15）A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghungAfteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother'svoicehim.（2007上海）A.callingB.calledC.beingcalledD.tocallTheboywaslastseenneartheEastLake.（2000?上海?39）A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplayIwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsChineseintheschool,mostwerefromGermany.（2006遼寧）A.study;ofwhomC.studying;ofthemstudy;ofthemD.studying;ofwhomWhilewatchingtelevision,.（2005全國(guó)HI）A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsweheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellringsWhendifferentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.（2006浙江）A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared"Can'tyouread?"Marysaidtothenotice.（93）A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointingThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.（94）A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.addedTheglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,inthenaturallightduringtheday.（2007?天津?6）A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havingletOilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.（2005山東）A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereachingMoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.（2005上海）A.takingB.takenC.havingtakenD.havingbeentakenSuddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriagethegirlandtookheraway,intothewoods.（2004上海春招）A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.Seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearingThemanager,hisfactory'sproductswerepoorinquality,decidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining.（2003安徽春招）A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.beingknownThoughmoney,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.（2002上海）A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedinSitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,onyourfeet.（11北京）A.tokeepB.keepingC.havingkeptD.tohavekeptTheretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu,thestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms.（2010江蘇）A.enablingB.havingenabledC.toenableD.tohaveenabledLotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,uppliestoYushu,QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.（2010福建）A.sendingB.tosendC.havingsentD.tohavesentTheladywalkedaroundtheshops,aneyeoutforbargains.（2010江西）A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeepAttheageof29,Davewasaworker,inasmallapartmentnearBostonandwhattodoabouthisfuture.（09湖南25）A.living;wonderingB.lived;wonderingC.lived;wonderD.living;wonderedWhenwevisitedmyfamilyhome,memorycameback.（09遼寧22）A.floodingB.tofloodC.floodD.floodedInApril,2009,PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao,the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy.（09福建）A.markingB.markedC.havingmarkedD.beingmarked29.theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.（08A.TothrowB.ThrownC.ThrowingD.BeingthrowninthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.（08安A.TowalkB.WalkingC.WalkedD.HavingwalkedWehadananxiouscoupleofweeksfortheresultsoftheexperiment.（08四川）A.waitB.tobeingwaitingC.waitedD.waitingBatsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,somealifespanofaround20years.A.havingB.hadC.haveD.tohaveThestormleft,alotofdamagetothisarea.（2005?全國(guó)）A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcausedThemanager,itcleartousthathedidn'tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.makingDina,formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.（2010湖南）A.strugglingB.struggledC.havingstruggledD.tostrugglesuchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.（01A.sufferingB.TosufferC.HavingsufferedD.sufferedthathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.（08浙江）A.NotrealizedB.Nottore