定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞選定

定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞選定1,that,which,who,whom,whose,where,when,why分別的使用場(chǎng)合各種關(guān)系代詞的使用方法a）關(guān)系代詞who的用法who的前行詞必須是人，在從句中可以擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)，往往也可以代替在從句中擔(dān)任賓語(yǔ)的whom,但是它前邊不能有介詞，如果帶了介詞就必須用賓格的whom:（介詞+whom）Thisistheteacherwhoteachesusmathematics.Sheisthegirlwho（whom）Imetattheparty.（可以替代）Sheisthegirlwhom（who）Iwenttherewith.（可以替代）SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.（不可替代）who,that在很多情況下可以通用，但是有些情況只能用who:.先行詞是one,ones,anyone的時(shí)候宜用who.Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Theoneswhoflattermedontpleaseme.onttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtnttoknowit.Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized..先行詞為those的時(shí)候，宜用who為關(guān)系代詞Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere..當(dāng)先行詞有比較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)的時(shí)候ImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskedmequestionsinChinese..一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞為that,另一個(gè)則用who.Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.在therebe開(kāi)頭的句子中Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.b）關(guān)系代詞whose的用法whose是代詞的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。當(dāng)代物的時(shí)候，它相當(dāng)于ofwhich.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.Illcallapersonwhosefatherknowsyou.Whichisthecarwhoseowneryouknow?(Whichisthecartheownerofwhichyouknow)Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.(Pleaseshowmethebookthecoverofwhichisred)c)關(guān)系代詞that的用法首先特別注意，that只能用在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中永遠(yuǎn)不能選用that,另外介詞后邊也不可用that,而是跟which.在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，which和that在代替物的時(shí)候，一般可以通用。Themoneythat(which)isinthewalletismine.有些情況下，只宜用that,而不宜用whichi.先行詞是最高級(jí)形容詞或者它前面有最高級(jí)形容詞的時(shí)候Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.ii.先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或者它前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞的時(shí)候Heisthelastperson(that)Iwanttosee.ItisthefirstmericanmovieofthiskindthatIveeverseen.iii.主句已有疑問(wèn)詞who或者which的時(shí)候Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraixedatthemeeting?iv.先行詞既有人又有物，宜用thatDoyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.v.先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代詞時(shí)Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.ehaventgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.Imeantheonethatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.vi.先行詞前面Only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery等詞修飾的時(shí)候Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.LiMingistheonlyonethatwantstobeateacher.LiMingisoneofthestudentsthatwanttobeteachersinourclass.vii.有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另外一個(gè)宜用that.Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.d）關(guān)系代詞which的用法在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，只宜用which,不宜用that.Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中which和that在指代物的時(shí)候常?？梢酝ㄓ茫怯袝r(shí)只宜用which而不用thati.關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞的時(shí)候Thisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.ii.如果有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中的一句的關(guān)系詞是that,另一句宜用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?that代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when,where,why和"介詞+which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略。例如：Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。Heisunlikelytofindtheplace(that/where/inwhich)helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過(guò)的地方。2關(guān)系代詞與介詞，關(guān)系代詞的省略a)關(guān)系代詞和介詞介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)，介詞短語(yǔ)只能用which代物，和用whom代人Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.IwanttofindtheverypenwithwhichIwrotethatletter.當(dāng)介詞放在句子的末尾時(shí)，可用that/which代物，that/whom/who來(lái)作為介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且這個(gè)做介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞往往忽略Thisistheherothat(who/whom/忽略)weareproudof.b)關(guān)系代詞的省略首先注意只有限定性定語(yǔ)從句才能省略，非限定性定語(yǔ)從句絕對(duì)不能省略。在下列情況下，可以省略關(guān)系代詞。.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候Thepeople(who)wemetatthepartywereveryfriendlytous..關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞，而介詞在句尾時(shí)Hereistheman(that)youhavebeenlookingfor..關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)ShangHaiisnolongerthecity(that)itusedtobe..在therebe句型中，和先行詞為way時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞總是省略Thereisanoldman(who)wantstoseeyou.Idontliketheway(that)youtalktosomebodyelse.注意，有些動(dòng)曲介詞所組成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，關(guān)系非常緊密，介詞不能前置定語(yǔ)從句注意事項(xiàng)oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)型動(dòng)詞the(only)oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)型動(dòng)詞TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitors.Titanicisthe(only)oneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.What不能用于定語(yǔ)從句中。as,which非限定性定語(yǔ)從句由as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.太陽(yáng)使地球暖起來(lái)，這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟?lèi)很重要。先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.(Whoever可以用anyonewho代替)2)Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontotechnicalschool.(what可以用allthat代替)what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever1)what=thethingwhich；whatever=anything。例如：Whatyouwanthasbeensenthere.你要的動(dòng)詞都送來(lái)了。Whateveryouwantmakesnodifferencetome.不管你要什么，跟我沒(méi)什么關(guān)系。who=thepersonthatwhoever=anyonewho。例如：(錯(cuò))Whobreaksthelawwillbepunished.(錯(cuò))Whoeverrobbedthebankisnotclear.(對(duì))Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.王子犯法，與庶民同罪