初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件

專(zhuān)題十非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞構(gòu)成：（to）+動(dòng)詞原形作用：主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。構(gòu)成:v+ing作用：表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)構(gòu)成：v+ing/v+ed作用：表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)一、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?Helikestoplaybasketball.

只能做某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，一般不做介詞賓語(yǔ)。

a.表示命令、打算、或希望的詞或詞組，如：wouldlike,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。

Wouldyoulike

tohaveacupoftea?Tomdecided

tostudyhardforthefinalexam.b.find,think等后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.LiLeirealizeditnecessaryforhimtogetupearlytodosomeexerciseforhefoundhewasgettingfatterandfatter.

c.常見(jiàn)的不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。

Whynotdosth?hadbetter(not)do...wouldratherdo...Could/Wouldyouplease(not)do...?作表語(yǔ)Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.

多數(shù)情況下，動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換為主語(yǔ)。

作賓補(bǔ)Mymotheraskedme

totakeoutthetrashthismorning.

動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourageOurteachertellsus

tofinishhomeworkontime.Lilyencourageshersister

tosingasongforthefamily.作定語(yǔ)Haveyougotanything

tosay?

動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，要后置。有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞不定式后要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。Thereisnothing

toworryabout.Tomalwaystellslies,sohehasnofriend

toplaywith.

做狀語(yǔ)

I'msorrytotroubleyou.(原因)

IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.(目的)邏輯主語(yǔ)要和主語(yǔ)一致。作主語(yǔ)

WatchingTVtoomuch

isbadforyourhealth.

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。作賓語(yǔ)

表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或抽象行為。

Ilike

playingbasketballverymuch.（動(dòng)賓）Stampsareusedfor

sendingletters.（介賓）初中階段常見(jiàn)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的詞：

finish,enjoy,mind,miss,practice,

beworthdoingsthhavefundoingsth

bebusydoingsthfeellikedoingsth

havetrouble/problem(in)doingsth

spend...(in)doingsth

beusedtodoingsth作表語(yǔ)

Hishobbyiscollectingstamps=Collectingstampsishishobby.多數(shù)情況下，動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)Sheisinthereadingroom.Studentsareplayingattheswimmingpool.Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.

只表示它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等，置于被修飾詞之前。三、分詞現(xiàn)在分詞：動(dòng)詞+ing（表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行）

過(guò)去分詞：動(dòng)詞+ed（表被動(dòng)、完成）作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Don'tkeepus

waitingforalongtime.Iheardhim

singingintheclassroom.He'llhavehishair

cut.Marygotherears

pierced.現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別lookat,see,watch,hear,find,feel等感官動(dòng)詞后接不帶to動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，表動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程已經(jīng)結(jié)束或存在的事實(shí)；接現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。

Isawhimcrosstheroad.我看見(jiàn)他過(guò)了馬路。Isawhimcrossingtheroad.我看見(jiàn)他正在過(guò)馬路。Ifeltsomethinghitmeontheback.我感覺(jué)有東西打了我的后背。Canyoufeelthetrainslowingdown?你感覺(jué)到火車(chē)正在減速嗎？Theyknowherverywell.Theyhaveseenhergrowupfromchildhood.他們很了解她。他們是看著她從小長(zhǎng)大的。

某些含有介詞to的固定短語(yǔ)1.beusedtodoing...習(xí)慣，適應(yīng)······Sheisusedtogettingupearly.2.prefer...to...兩者之間更喜歡······Ipreferwalkingtocycling.3.lookforwardto...期盼，盼望Welookforwardtoseeingyouagain.4.devoteto獻(xiàn)身，致力于······LeiFenghasdevotedhislifetohelpingothers.5.makeacontributionto為······做貢獻(xiàn)Weshouldmakeacontributiontoprotectingtheearth.1.Ihope____(find)agoodjobinaforeigncompanyafterIgraducatefromschool.2.Chinaisa_______(develop)country.3.Hefoundithard___________(catchupwith)hisclass.4.Motherasksme_______(notplay)computergamesbeforefinishingmyhomework.5.AllthechildrenlikeMr.Whiteverymuchbecauseheoftenmakeshim_____(laugh)6.Wehavetworooms____(live)in,butIcan'tdecidewhichone_______(choose).7.Theboy______(sta