初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)課件

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)初中階段8種時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.e.g.Theyoftenspendtheirholidaysinthesouth.

常搭配的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):alwaysoftenusuallysometimesseldomneverfromtimetotime

nowandthen(偶爾)everydayevery….onceaweek2.表示狀態(tài):e.g.Heisbusyatthemoment.3.表示客觀真理,諺語(yǔ),格言.e.g.Thesunsetsinthewest.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,而現(xiàn)在時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的經(jīng)常和反復(fù),或特征,這類(lèi)動(dòng)作沒(méi)有時(shí)間性的.某些表示感官知覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞如:see,hear,smell,taste等表示感覺(jué),用一般時(shí),不用進(jìn)行時(shí).e.g.Doyouseeaplaneinthesky?

注意:1)feel可以用一般時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的感覺(jué):e.g.Iamnotfeelingwelltoday.Howareyoufeelingtoday?Ifeeltired.2)see,hear有相應(yīng)表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞lookat/listento,這些詞可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)比較:Doyouseeamaponthewall?Heislookingatamaponthewall.Ihearastrangenoisefromthecarengine.Heislisteningtothemusic.3.有些表示狀態(tài)或心理感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示狀態(tài)或感覺(jué),如love,like,hate,want,need,wish,know(知道),understand(懂得),remember(記得),believe,guess(認(rèn)為),mean(意味著),think(認(rèn)為),feel(認(rèn)為),fit(合適),find(認(rèn)為),show(表明),have(有)e.g.Ihopeyouwillenjoyyourmeal.Iwanttovisitthemtomorrow.4.當(dāng)有些感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞詞義轉(zhuǎn)變,成為表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞時(shí),可以用進(jìn)行時(shí):e.g.NowIseetheliquidintheglasshasturnedred.Heisseeinghisfriendoffattheairport.Ithinktheywillcome.Weareallthinkinghard.Thereportshowstheproblemisserious.Heisshowingthemaroundourschool.Exercise:Water______(freeze)atthetemperature0.Theair_____(keep)movingallthetime.Thetown_____(lie)tothewestofthehill.I_______(believe)you________tellthetruthnow.--____myson__________(work)hardthisterm?--Oh,yes,he_________(try)hisbestnow.6.______thehat_______(fit)mewell?7.–Whathashappenedtothefish,Mary?--Mum,thecat______(eat)thefish.Justnowthecat_____(jump)ontothetableand_____(eat)itup.8.Sam____(live)inthesmalltownforfiveyearsduringthewar.9.ItisagessinceIlast____(see)you.You___(grow)taller.10.Hewon’ttelluswherehe______(get)thebook.freezeskeepsliesbelievearetellingIsworkingistryingDoesfithaseatenjumpedatelivedsawhavegrowngot3.表示主語(yǔ)過(guò)去的狀態(tài)或特征.e.g.Itwasrainylastweek.Hewasataxidriveryearsago.4.在時(shí)間,條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí).e.g.Hewouldgiveherthebookifhesawher.(4)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.e.g.Hewasdoingshoppingthistimeyesterday.Wewerehavingadiscussionatthattime.2.表示過(guò)去某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.Aswewereleaving,someofourfriendsarrived.Whenwewereplayingintheplayground,itbegantorain.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別:過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某時(shí)刻或階段動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行,不表明動(dòng)作的完成,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某動(dòng)作已發(fā)生,表明動(dòng)作已完成.e.g.Hewaswritingacompositionlastnight.(作文不一定完成)Hewroteacompositionlastnight.(作文肯定寫(xiě)完了)III.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：1)完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的結(jié)果和影響；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式等，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。e.g.Ihavejusthadbreakfast.Ihadbreakfastamomentago.(時(shí)間）Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Ifinishedmyhomeathome.（地點(diǎn)）2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的持續(xù)狀態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止，與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的持續(xù)狀態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某段時(shí)間的經(jīng)歷，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。e.g.TheGreenshavestayedinChinaforayear.TheGreensstayedinChinaforayearduringthewar.Ihavelearnedcomputerforsometime.Ilearnedcomputerforsometimewhileinmiddleschool.IV.不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞與可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞1）常見(jiàn)的詞：leavedieputonfailillbeawaybedeadwearbeillborrowcatchacoldbuyjointhearmykeephaveacoldhavebeinthearmy2)不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞不能與“for+時(shí)間段”或since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用，應(yīng)改用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Ihaveboughtacalculator.Ihaveboughtthecalculatorforaweek.Ihavehadthecalculatorforaweek.e.g.Hehashadthewatchforamonth.Heboughtthewatchamonthago.Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyforayear.Mybrotherjoinedthearmyoneyearago.但是：不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)可以與”for+時(shí)間段”或since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用。e.g.Ihaven’tmetmyteacherofEnglishforayear.Wehaven’tmeteachothersinceheleft.3)till/until用法可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞+till/until:“某動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到…”not+不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞+till/until:“直到…才…”e.g.Iwillstayuntilhecomes.Iwon’tleaveuntilhecomes.V.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)特例：Itis+時(shí)間段+since…e.g.Itistwodayssinceheleft.It