考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南大學(xué)旅游文化學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南大學(xué)旅游文化學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thegovernessagreedtoteachthetemperamentalchild______shewasgivencompleteauthority.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.provided

C.whether

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查從句。句意：______賦予那位女家教老師完全的支配權(quán)，她答應(yīng)去教那個(gè)脾氣暴躁的孩子。橫線面前部分是主句，橫線后面部分是從句，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，A選項(xiàng)that可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句等；B選項(xiàng)provided“假如，在……條件下，前提是”引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句；C選項(xiàng)whether意思為“是否”時(shí)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句等，意思為“不論”時(shí)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；D選項(xiàng)for“因?yàn)椤币龑?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，教這個(gè)脾氣暴躁的孩子是有挑戰(zhàn)的事情，那位教師只有擁有完全的掌控權(quán)，她才肯做這件事，B選項(xiàng)provided“假如，在……條件下，前提是”符合題意。D選項(xiàng)for“因?yàn)椤痹谶@里不如B選項(xiàng)provided符合語(yǔ)境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Shecookedthemeatforalongtimesoastomakeit______enoughtoeat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mild

B.slight

C.light

D.tender

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)mild“（天氣、情感）溫和的；（味道）清淡的”；B選項(xiàng)slight“輕微的；瘦小的”；C選項(xiàng)light“明亮的；（重量）輕的”；D選項(xiàng)tender“（食物）嫩的”。句意：她把肉煮了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，來(lái)讓肉吃起來(lái)足夠______。D選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Withalltheseartsandpursuitsofpracticallife,theintellectualbusinessofthinking—ofsuchthinkingatleastasiscommontomostmen—andofcommunicatingthought,hasasortofaffinityandresemblance.For,unquestionably,itisoneamongthemanyproblemsofphilosophytoestablishawiseeconomyandprudentstewardshipofthatever-shiftingmassofincomingandoutgoingthoughtswhichmakeupourintellectualestateandproperty.Andthisisthemorenecessarythegreaterarethetreasuresofthoughtpossessedbyourage.For,inthehighlyrapidinterchangeofandtrafficinideas,whichiscarryingon,thereceiptsanddisbursementsarenotalwaysdulybalanced.Thereismuchcause,therefore,tofearlestathoughtlessandlavishdissipationofthenoblestmentalendowmentsshouldbecomeprevalent,orafalseandbaselesscredit-systeminthoughtspringupamidanabsolutedeficiencyofasolidandpermanentcapitalsafelyinvestedinfundamentalideasandlastingtruths.Asforthesecondsimile:Ishould,byallmeans,wishtogainavictory,notindeedforyou,butwithyou,oversomeofthemanyerrorsandmanysemblancesofthought,whichare,however,butcheatsandcounterfeitswhichdistractthemindsofthepresentgeneration,disturbtheharmonyoflife,andbanishpeaceevenfromtheintellectualworld.Andasrespectsthethirdillustration:Ishouldindeedrejoiceashaving,inagreatmeasure,attainedmyobject,ifonlyIshallsucceedindirectingyourattentiontosomestarinthehigherregionofintellect,whichhithertowaseithertotallyunknown,or,atleast,neverbeforefullyobserved.Butaboveall,Ithinkitnecessarytoobservefurther,thatinthesamewayasphilosophylosessightofitstrueobjectandappropriatematter,wheneitheritpassesintoandmergesintheology,ormeddleswithexternalpolitics,soalsodoesitmaritsproperformwhenitattemptstomimictherigorousmethodofmathematics.InthemiddleofthelastcenturyscarcelywastheretobefoundaGermanmanualforanyofthesciencesthatdidnotapethemathematicalstyle,andwhereeverysinglepositioninthelongarrayofinterminableparagraphsdidnotconcludewiththesolemnactofdemonstrativephraseology.Butitisalsowellknownthatthephilosophywhichwaspropoundedinthisinappropriateformandmethodwascrammedfoilof,nay,rather,washardlyanythingmorethanatissueofarbitrary,nowforgotten,hypotheses,whichhavenotbroughttheworldatallnearertothetruth—notatleasttothattruthwhichphilosophyisinsearchof,andwhichissomethinghigherthanamereexampleofaccuratecomputation.Andeveninthepresentday—although,indeed,theapplicationismadeinaverydifferentwayfromformerly—Germanphilosophyisanythingbutfreefromthosealgebraicformularies,inwhichallthings,eventhemostopposite,admitofbeingcomprisedandblendedtogether.But,beitasitmay,thiselaboratestructureofmechanicaldemonstrationcanneverproduceatrue,intrinsic,andfullconviction.Themethodwhichphilosophyreallyrequiresisquitedifferent,beingabsolutelyinternalandintellectual(Geistige).Asinacorrectarchitecturalstructureitisnecessarythatallitspartsshouldbeinunison,andsuchastheeyecantakeineasilyandagreeably,soineveryphilosophicalcommunication,thesolidsimplebasisbeinglaid,thearrangementofalltheparts,andthecarefulrejectionandexclusionofallforeignmatter,isthemostessentialpoint,bothforinternalcorrectnessandexternalperspicuity.But,intruth,thematterinhandbearsafarcloserresemblanceandaffinitytonaturalobjectswhichliveandgrow,thantoanylifelessedificeofstone;toagreattree,forinstance,noblyandbeautifullyspreadingoutonallsidesinitsmanyarmsandbranches.Assuchatreestrikesthehastyandpassingglance,itformsasomewhatirregularandnotstrictlyfinishedwhole;thereitstands,justasthestemhasshotupfromtheroot,andhasdivideditselfintoacertainnumberofbranches,andtwigs,andleaves,whichlivinglymovebackwardandforwardinthefreeair.Butexamineitmoreclosely,andhowperfectappearsitswholestructure!Howwonderfulthesymmetry,howminutelyregulartheorganizationofallitsparts,evenofeachlittleleafanddelicatefiber!Inthesamewaywilltheever-growingtreeofhumanconsciousnessandlifeappearinphilosophy,wheneveritisnottornfromitsrootsandstrippedofitsleavesbyapretendedwisdom,butisvividlyapprehendedbyatruescience,andexhibitedandpresentedtothemindinitslifeanditsgrowth.

1.Themainpurposeofthearticleis（

）.

2.Whatistheauthor’sconcernasexpressedthroughthefirstmetaphoricexposition?

3.Thesecondconcernoftheauthorrefersto

（

）.

4.Whatisthefunctionoftheauthor’sfrequentusageofrhetoricalfiguresofspeech?

5.Inthepassage,theauthoroutlinesapleafor（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.toclarifythesystemofeconomictheory

B.tosuggestanewsystemofphilosophy

C.tocriticizethesystemofmathematics

D.toillustratethesystematicdialectics

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Randomdisbursementofproposalsandhypothesis.

B.Aconfusionofalgebraicformularies.

C.Anunwarrantedlossofappropriatereference.

D.Violationofintellectualpropertyrights.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.avariegatedsetoffallacies

B.acantankeroustypeofpessimism

C.unqualifiedquackery

D.theproliferationofmetaphysics

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Definition.

B.Clarification.

C.Exemplification.

D.Illustration.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.rigor

B.topicality

C.reliability

D.flexibility

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.主旨大意題。文中提到“itisoneamongthemanyproblemsofphilosophytoestablishawiseeconomy”，這是眾多關(guān)系創(chuàng)建明智經(jīng)濟(jì)體的哲學(xué)問(wèn)題之一。其中it是指前面的“theintellectualbusinessofthinking”，后續(xù)圍繞哲學(xué)及思想展開(kāi)闡述，因此B選項(xiàng)“提出一種新的哲學(xué)體系”符合題意。

第2題:2.判斷推理題。作者的第一次metaphoricexposition“隱喻性闡述”出現(xiàn)在“…tofearlestathoughtlessandlavishdissipationofthenoblestmentalendowmentsshouldbecomeprevalent,orafalseandbaselesscredit-systeminthoughtspringupamidanabsolutedeficiencyofasolidandpermanentcapitalsafelyinvestedinfundamentalideasandlastingtruths.”即擔(dān)憂對(duì)最高貴的精神天賦的輕率和奢侈的揮霍會(huì)成為普遍現(xiàn)象，擔(dān)憂由于缺乏可靠的資本安全地投資于重要的思想和永恒的真題，虛假和毫無(wú)根據(jù)的信用體系會(huì)涌現(xiàn)出來(lái)。所以作者擔(dān)心的是思想天賦的消耗，C選項(xiàng)“不適當(dāng)?shù)膿p失”符合題意。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。文中提到“Asforthesecondsimile:Ishould…wishtogainavictory…oversomeofthemanyerrorsandmanysemblancesofthought”，本句說(shuō)到，作者希望戰(zhàn)勝思想中的那些錯(cuò)誤和假想。因此A選項(xiàng)“各種錯(cuò)誤的見(jiàn)解”符合題意。

第4題:4.寫(xiě)作手法題。文中幾處“hasasortofaffinityandresemblance”“Asforthesecondsimile”“andsuchastheeyecantakeineasilyandagreeably”等修辭手法都是為了生動(dòng)說(shuō)明文中提出的新哲學(xué)體系。因此B選項(xiàng)clarification“說(shuō)明”符合題意。

第5題:5.作者意圖題。在文中，作者由“Germanphilosophyisanythingbutfreefromthosealgebraicformularies…thiselaboratestructureofmechanicaldemonstrationcanneverproduceatrue,intrinsic,andfullconviction”說(shuō)到德國(guó)哲學(xué)只是一些代數(shù)公式，這種復(fù)雜的機(jī)械示范永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)產(chǎn)生真正的、內(nèi)在的、充分的信念。后又說(shuō)到“Themethodwhichphilosophyreallyrequiresisquitedifferent,beingabsolutelyinternalandintellectual”，哲學(xué)真正需要的方法是與前面提及的德國(guó)哲學(xué)相反的。通過(guò)前后文，作者呼吁的是與“機(jī)械示范”相對(duì)的“靈活性”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

IthinkofthePhDalittleliketheGrandTour,atraditioninthe16thand17thcenturies[A]whereyouthswouldtravelaroundEurope,gettingarichexposureto[B]highsocietyinFrance,Italy,andGermany,[C]learnaboutart,architecture,language,literature,fencing,riding—alloftheessentialliberalartsthatagentlemanwasexpectedtohaveexperience[D]withtobeaninfluentialmemberofsociety.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.highsociety

C.learnabout

D.withto

【答案】C

【解析】考查并列結(jié)構(gòu)。C選項(xiàng)的learnabout是gettingarichexposure的并列成分，形式應(yīng)保持一致。

5.單選題

Wepreferthattheplan（

）beforebeingputintoexecution.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.befullydiscussed

B.mustbefullydiscussed

C.willbefullydiscussed

D.isfullydiscussed

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。prefer后面接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可省略。所以選項(xiàng)A為省略了should的正確答案。

6.單選題

Icanvouchforhis（

）,Ihavealwaysfoundhimveracious.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reputation

B.steadiness

C.truth

D.honesty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reputation“名聲；名譽(yù)”；B選項(xiàng)steadiness“穩(wěn)定；穩(wěn)健”；C選項(xiàng)truth“真理；事實(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)honesty“誠(chéng)實(shí)；正直”。句意：我可以為他的······擔(dān)保，我總覺(jué)得他很誠(chéng)實(shí)。本題需要找的是與veracious“誠(chéng)實(shí)的；真正的”含義相近的名詞，才會(huì)有“我可為他擔(dān)?！?，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

AccordingtorecentU.S.StatisticsYearbook,Americansspends16billionayearoncreditcardsandtherearealready590millionin（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preparation

B.communication

C.administration

D.circulation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。preparation“預(yù)備，準(zhǔn)備”；communication“交流，溝通”；administration“管理”；circulation“流通，傳播，發(fā)行量”。句意：根據(jù)最近的美國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒，美國(guó)人每年花在信用卡上的錢(qián)達(dá)到160億美元，目前已有5.9億張信用卡在流通中。incirculation“在流通中”為固定搭配。故D項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Ahealthytradingsystemrequiresthatcountriesbebotheagerexportersandimporters.Ifnationsdon’tspendwhattheyearnabroad—orifweakeconomiesmakethemweakimporters-thenthetradingsystemwillcollapse.Thatistoday’sproblem.

Wherewillfuturetradeexpansioncomefrom?Europeseemsadoubtfulcandidate.Withfeebleeconomicgrowth,itwon’tbuyalotmoreexports.LatinAmericaisinasimilarposition.Manybigcountries(Argentina,Brazil)aresoburdenedbydebtthattheirgrowthishobbledandtheystriveforexportsurpluses-earningpreciousdollars-torepaytheirinternationalloans.AsforAfrica,it’ssopoorthatithardlymattersinglobaltrade.

Well,whataboutAsia?Itoughttosavetheglobaltradingsystem,butitmaydojusttheopposite.Thesecountriesareferociousexporters;theyseemtostriveforpermanenttradesurplusesandhoardtheirexcessexportearnings.Considerwhat’shappenedtotheirforeignexchangereserves.Since1996,theforeignexchangereservesofsomemajorAsiancountrieshavejumpedfromabout$500billiontomorethan$1.3trillion.Thesefundsaretypicallyleftinsafeinvestments,suchasU.S.Treasurysecurities.AlotofattentionhasfocusedonChina,buttheproblemislargerthanChinaalone.

Asaresult,thetradingsystemlackscircularity.Thejustificationforfreetradeisthateveryoneultimatelybenefits.Countriesdowhattheydobest.Poorcountriessellinexpensivelabor-intensivegoodstowealthycountriesandbuysophisticatedknowledge-intensivegoods.Livingstandardsinallcountriesrise.Someworkersandindustriesmaytemporarilylose,butmostconsumersbenefitandmostworkersareultimatelyre-employedintrade-competitiveindustries.Tradedoesn’tpermanentlydestroyjobs;spendingiscircular.

Iftoomanycountrieshoard,thelogicoffreetradecollapses.Tradecanbecomeaneconomicdepressantandjobdestroyer.Toomanysellerschasetoofewbuyers.Countriescompeteforbiggersharesofstagnantmarketsandtrytoshiftunemploymentabroad.Agreat,ifsilent,strugglehasbegun.Fordecades,expandingtradepromotedglobalprogress.Itreducedpovertyandspreadprosperity.Butifthetradingsystemcan’tsolveitsbasicproblem-over-relianceontheUSmarketitcouldfosterpoliticaldivisionandeconomicvulnerabilityforall.Tradingpatternsmustbecomemorebalancedandsustainable.

1.SomebigLatinAmericacountriesare（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcertainregionaleconomyisTRUE?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thefreetradesystemwillcollapsewhen（）.

4.Theauthorstronglyadvocatesthatasustainablefreetradesystem（）.

5.Thelastparagraphmainlydealswith（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exportingmoreforenoughforeigncurrencytopaytheirdebt

B.exportingsurplusesastoreserveenoughpreciousUSdollars

C.usingUSdollarstopayalltheirinternationalanddomesticdebts

D.usingexportingasaneffectivewayfortheireconomicprosperity

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Europemayhelpthefutureworldtradeexpansion.

B.LatinAmerica'sdebtwouldhinderitsexportcapacity

C.Asiamayenhancetradeexpansionbutnotspendingmuch

D.Africafindsithardtoemergeinworld-tradeexpansion

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.tradebecameeconomicdepressantandjobdestroyer

B.countriestriedtoshifttheirunemploymenttoothernations

C.worldtradeoverreliedonthevulnerableU.S.market

D.toomanycountriesarenotimportingmuchfromothercountries

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.shouldbechangedthroughinternationalcollaborations

B.willdefinitelybecomeaneconomicdepressantworldwide

C.requiresacircularityofbothimportingandexporting

D.shouldencouragebuyingmorefromtrade-competitiveindustries

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.economicbalanceandsustainability

B.economiccollapseandpotentialcrisis

C.tradecompetitionagainstU.S.market

D.worldwideeconomicachievementtoday

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第二段LatinAmericaisinasimilarposition.Manybigcountries(Argentina,Brazil)aresoburdenedbydebtthattheirgrowthishobbled,andtheystriveforexportsurpluses-earningpreciousdollars—torepaytheirinternationalloans.可知，拉丁美洲也處于類(lèi)似的境地。許多大國(guó)(比如阿根廷，巴西)都背負(fù)著沉重的債務(wù)，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)舉步維艱，他們努力爭(zhēng)取出口盈余——賺取寶貴的美元——以償還國(guó)際貸款。因此，選項(xiàng)A“出口更多賺外幣來(lái)償還債務(wù)”符合原文，故本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段Thesecountriesareferociousexporters;theyseemtostriveforpermanenttradesurplusesandhoardtheirexcessexportearnings可知，這些國(guó)家都是出口大國(guó)；他們似乎在爭(zhēng)取永久的貿(mào)易順差，并囤積過(guò)剩的出口收入。因此，可推測(cè)選項(xiàng)C“亞洲可能加強(qiáng)貿(mào)易擴(kuò)張，但不會(huì)花太多”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)：根據(jù)作者觀點(diǎn)，當(dāng)……時(shí)，自由貿(mào)易系統(tǒng)會(huì)崩潰。根據(jù)原文最后一段Iftoomanycountrieshoard,thelogicoffreetradecollapses可知，如果太多國(guó)家囤積，自由貿(mào)易的邏輯就會(huì)崩潰。因此，結(jié)合上下文可推測(cè)D選項(xiàng)“太多國(guó)家從沒(méi)有從其他國(guó)家大量進(jìn)口”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由原文第四段Asaresult,thetradingsystemlackscircularity.Thejustificationforfreetradeisthateveryoneultimatelybenefits可知，以往的交易系統(tǒng)缺乏循環(huán)性。自由貿(mào)易存在的正當(dāng)之處就是大家最終都能受益。這說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為可持續(xù)發(fā)展的自由貿(mào)易具有循環(huán)性。因此，可推測(cè)C選項(xiàng)“要求進(jìn)口和出口的循環(huán)”正確。故本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)，最后一段主要講的內(nèi)容是什么？綜合分析可知，文章最后一段主要討論了貿(mào)易在何時(shí)會(huì)崩潰以及目前國(guó)際貿(mào)易太依賴美國(guó)市場(chǎng)所導(dǎo)致的隱含危機(jī)。因此，B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)崩潰和潛在危機(jī)”最符合題意，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

ForperplexedpolicymakersinWashington,theymeantscramblingfromonepolicytoanotherinanefforttorespondtoahighlyconfusingeconomicsituation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disturbed

B.puzzled

C.irritated

D.enchanted

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.disturbed有精神病的，心理不正常的B.puzzled困惑的，迷惑不解的

C.irritated煩惱的，惱怒的D.enchanted中魔法的，著了魔的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】perplexed的意思為“困惑的，迷惑不解的”，修飾policymakers，指的是這些制定政策的人很困惑，自己也沒(méi)搞清楚狀況，puzzled與之詞義相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】對(duì)于華盛頓困惑的決策者來(lái)說(shuō)，這意味著匆忙地從一項(xiàng)政策轉(zhuǎn)向另一項(xiàng)政策，以應(yīng)對(duì)高度混亂的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)。

10.單選題

Whilecrossingthemountainareas,allthemenhadgunsforprotectionlest（）bythelocalbandits.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beattacked

B.wereattacked

C.aretobeattacked

D.wouldbeattacked

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Lest是連詞，意為“唯恐，以免”。其后接的狀語(yǔ)從句常用should+動(dòng)詞原形。should

可以省略。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。句意：在翻越山區(qū)時(shí)，所有人都帶著槍?zhuān)苑涝獾疆?dāng)?shù)赝练说囊u擊。

11.單選題

Nobodywouldexpectacitywatersystemdesignedfor1mresidentstobeabletohandlea1,000-foldincreaseinpopulationinjustafewyears.Yetthatiswhattheinternet’sfundamentaladdressingschemehashadtoaccommodate.WhenthenetworkwasfirstestablishedtherewereonlyahandfulofcomputercentresinAmerica.Insteadofchoosinganumberingsystemthatcouldsupportafewthousandormillionaddresses,theinternet’sdesignersforesightedlyoptedforonethatcouldhandle4billion.Butnoweventhatisnotenough.

Theaddressingsystem,calledinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4),cannotkeepupwiththefloodofcomputers,mobilephones,hand-heldgadgets,gamesconsolesandevencarsandrefrigeratorsfloodingontothenetwork.Nearly85%ofavailableaddressesarealreadyinuse;ifthistrendcontinuestheywillrunoutby2011,theOrganisationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment,athink-tankforrichcountries,warnedinMay.

Theshortageisnottheonlyproblem;sotooisgrowingcomplexity.IPv4addressesareallocatedinblockstonetworkoperators.Thepathtoreacheachnetworkispublishedonagloballistthatisconstantlyupdated.Bigcomputers,calledrouters,usetheseentriestoguidetheflowoftrafficacrosstheinternet.Butasmoredevicesandnetworkslinktotheinternet,itbecomesnecessarytosubdividetheaddressblocksintoever-smallerunits.Thisrisksovertaxingthemillionsofroutersthathandletheinternet’straffic,whichmustberegularlyupgradedtokeepup.WeretherenoalternativetoIPv4,partsoftheinternetwouldeventuallysufferfromsporadicoutages.

Fortunatelyanewsystemdoesexist,calledinternetprotocolversion6,whichprovides3.4X1038addresses.ThismeansIPv6addressescanbeallocatedtonetworkoperatorsandcompaniesinmuchlargerquantities.Italsoprovidesacleanslateforestablishingnewpathsovertheinternet,reducingcomplexity.Butswitchingmeansupgradingmillionsofdevices.

Infact,supportforIPv6isalreadywidelyavailableinsoftwareandhardware,butithasnotbeenusedmuch.OnlyafewresearchinstitutionsandtheAmericangovernmenttooktheIPv6plungeearlyon.(InAmericaallfederalagenciesmustbecapableofusingIPv6byJune30th2008,byexecutiveorder.)

Butinrecentmonthsthepaceofchangehaspickedup.InFebruaryMrVixie,anetworkengineer,flippedaswitchthatmeansdomainnamescannowmapontoIPv6addresses.Thismayheraldmorewidespreadadoptionofthenewprotocol,sinceitmeansthatanyorganisationcanuseIPv6addresseswithitsdomainnames,anduserscanaccessthemwithoutspecialrigging.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphwemayinferthatthedesignoftheinternet’sfundamentaladdressingschemeis（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theaddressingsystemIPv4（）.

3.Thepotentialproblemwithinternetprotocolversion4todayisthat（）.

4.ItisimpliedthatIPv6addresses（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.over-populated

B.verypopular

C.outofdate

D.ratherirrational

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.willrunoutby2011

B.cannotkeepupwithsomuchinformation

C.isover-loadedwithtoomanyfunctions

D.isdamagedbyathink-tankforrichcountries

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.nearly85%ofavailableaddressesarealreadyinuse

B.carsandrefrigeratorsarefloodingontothenetwork

C.itisgrowingintoakindofcomplexity

D.thereisashortageofavailableaddressesinthenearfuture

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.arenotverypopularforsometechnicalreasons

B.areproducedinmuchlargerquantities

C.areupgradingmillionsofdevices

D.canbeanalternativetoIPv4

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theinternet’sfundamentaladdressingscheme

B.Theprincipleofinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4)

C.Thepotentialproblemwiththeexistingaddressingsystem

D.Analternativeinternetprotocoltodealwithaddressshortage

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第一段的首句“Nobodywouldexpectacitywatersystemdesignedfor1mresidentstobeabletohandlea1,000-foldincreaseinpopulationinjustafewyears.沒(méi)有人會(huì)想到，一個(gè)為100萬(wàn)居民設(shè)計(jì)的城市供水系統(tǒng)，能夠在短短幾年內(nèi)應(yīng)對(duì)人口增長(zhǎng)1000倍的情況?！币约白詈髢删洹癐nsteadofchoosinganumberingsystemthatcouldsupportafewthousandormillionaddresses,theinternet’sdesignersforesightedlyoptedforonethatcouldhandle4billion.Butnoweventhatisnotenough.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)者深謀遠(yuǎn)慮地選擇了能夠處理40億個(gè)地址的編號(hào)系統(tǒng)，而不是能夠支持幾千或幾百萬(wàn)個(gè)地址的編號(hào)系統(tǒng)。但現(xiàn)在，即使這樣也還不夠?！庇纱丝芍?，這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)是不合理的，因?yàn)闆](méi)有考慮到人口暴增的問(wèn)題，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Theaddressingsystem,calledinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4),cannotkeepupwiththefloodofcomputers,mobilephones,hand-heldgadgets,gamesconsolesandevencarsandrefrigeratorsfloodingontothenetwork.這個(gè)被稱(chēng)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議4(IPv4)的尋址系統(tǒng)無(wú)法跟上涌入網(wǎng)絡(luò)的電腦、手機(jī)、手持設(shè)備、游戲機(jī)，甚至是汽車(chē)和冰箱。”由此可知，IPv4尋址系統(tǒng)跟不上如此多的信息，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段首句“Theshortageisnottheonlyproblem;sotooisgrowingcomplexity.短缺并不是唯一的問(wèn)題；復(fù)雜性也在不斷增加。”由此可知，IPv4潛在的問(wèn)題是不斷增加的復(fù)雜性，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.詞義推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句以及第四段的首句“WeretherenoalternativetoIPv4,partsoftheinternetwouldeventuallysufferfromsporadicoutages.Fortunatelyanewsystemdoesexist,calledinternetprotocolversion6,…如果沒(méi)有IPv4的替代方案，部分互聯(lián)網(wǎng)最終將遭遇不定時(shí)的中斷。幸運(yùn)的是，一種新的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)存在，叫作IPv6……”接著后面提到IPv6彌補(bǔ)了IPv4的不足，由此可推斷，IPv6可以作為IPv4的替代品，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章前半部分首先提出了IPv4所出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題，接著后面講到了解決這些問(wèn)題的替換方案，也就是IPv6，所以選項(xiàng)D作為標(biāo)題更恰當(dāng)。

12.單選題

Thedriverwasinan（

）ofsorrowbecausehehadknockedthegirldown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agony

B.ache

C.ailing

D.ailment

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)agony“苦惱，極度痛苦”；B選項(xiàng)ache“疼痛”；C選項(xiàng)ailing“不適，困擾”；D選項(xiàng)ailment“小病，不安”。句意：司機(jī)因?yàn)樽驳沽四莻€(gè)女孩而感到極度悲痛。選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

13.單選題

Monkeysandbeagleswerecentraltorecentstudieslinkingregularphysicalactivityandanenhanceddiettoimprovedbrainfunction.ThemonkeysparticipatedinanOregonHealthandScienceUniversitystudy.Itshowedprimatesthatexercisedregularly~usingatreadmillfivedaysperweek—hadahigherbraincapillaryvolumeafter20weeksthanacontrolgroupthatdidnotexercise.Also,monkeysintheexercisegroupmorerapidlylearnednewtasks.Thestudyshowedthatthemostsignificantbrainbenefitswereexperiencedbymonkeysdeemed“l(fā)eastfit”atthestartofthetrial.TheOregonresearcherssaidstudyingmonkeyseliminatesanyskewingfromthedecidedlyhumanbehaviorsofsmoking,drinkingandovereating.ThefindingswerediscussedattheannualmeetingoftheSocietyforNeuroscienceinNewOrleans.

Anothernewstudyemployed39beaglestotestthebrain-enhancingeffectivenessofantioxidant-richfoods(especiallythoserichinvitaminsCandEandbetacarotene).UniversityofTorontoresearchersdiscoveredthatolddogsmightpossiblyevenlearnsomenewtrickswiththeproperfortifiedfoodintheirdinnerbowls.“Wefoundolddogsontheantioxidantdietperformedbetteronavarietyofcognitiveteststhandogsnotonthediet,”saidP.DwightTapp,astudyco-authornowbasedattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.”Infact,thedogseatingtheantioxidant-fortifiedfoodsperformedaswellasyoungbeagles.”Fortheuninitiated―orthoseofuswhohaveneverlivedwithanoldbeagleorothercanines—dogscanexperiencethesamememorylossandslowedcognitivefunctionthatoccurinhumans.

Tappandcolleaguesfoundthattheantioxidant-richdiethelpedimprovecognitiveskillsinolddogsbutnotyoungdogs.Afollow-upstudyisongoingtodetermineiffeedingtheyoungerdogsthespecialdiethelpspreventlossofbrainfunction.

ArthurF.Kramerfigurestostickwithhumansinhisbrainresearch.KramerisaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.Hewasleadauthoronapioneeringstudypublishedearlierthisyearthatshowedpositivephysiologicalchangesinbrainmatterduetoregularexercise.

Thetypicalmanorwomanlosesbrainmatteraspartoftheagingprocess.Inafirst,Kramerandcolleaguesusedmagnetic-resonanceimaging(MRI)scanstoshowthatindividuals55andolderwhoexerciseregularly—walkingbrisklyfor20minutesthreetimesperweek—canpreservegray-andwhite-matterregionsofthebrain.”Thegreatthingisitdoesn'ttaketoolongtorealizethesebenefits,”Kramersaid,“Wesawsignificantcognitiveimprovementinpeople55andolderoverjustsixmonths.“Graymatterconsistsofaseriesofthintissuelayersinbraincellssuchasneuronsthatarecriticaltolearningandmemory.Whitematterisfoundinthemyelinsheathcontainingnervefibersthattransmitsignalsthroughoutthebrain.Aspeopleage,beginningafter30,thetwotypesofmattershrinkinapatterncloselymatchedbydecreasedcognitiveperformance,Kramersaid.Kramerandhiscolleagueshavecompletedothercutting-edgeresearchaboutthebrainandregularphysicalactivity.Onestudyslottedfor2004publicationfollowsuponthegray/white-matterstudy.Preliminaryresultsindicatethatthesamesortofbriskwalkingwillenhancetheperformancecapabilitiesofcorticalcircuitsinthebrain.

“Wearereportingonfunctionandnotjustthephysiologyofthegrayandwhitematter,’，Kramerexplained.Anotherstudytobepublishedin2004buildsonearlierfindingsthatactiveolderwomenonhormone-replacementtherapyexhibitgreatercognitiveabilitiesthanoldermenwhoareregularexercisers.Innewfindings,Kramerandcolleagueshavefoundlessactualbraintissuedeteriorationinwomen55andolderwhohavehigherlevelsofestrogenintheirbodies.Despitebeinga“formerjock,”Kramerdidn'texpectthathisresearchcareerwouldturnsodirectlytowardfitnessandphysicalactivity.Hehasbecomealeadingresearcherintheareaduringthelastdecadeand,alongwithseveralcolleagues,turnedtheUniversityofIllinoisintoarespectedcenterforresearchonhealthyaging.

“Thereisnodownsidetophysicalactivityforolderadultswhogetclearancefromtheirphysicianstostartaprogram,”hesaid,“Weknowitcanhelppreventheartdiseaseandprotectagainststrokedamage.Nowwearebuildingevidencethatregularphysicalactivityallowsyoutothinkbetter.”

1.ThestudyconductedbyOregonHealthandScienceUniversityshowedthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementaboutantioxidant-richfoodsisfalse?

3.ArthurF.Kramerisaprofessorin（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,peoplebegintoageafter（）.

5.FromProfessorKramer’sresearch,wecaninferthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.monkeyscanlearnnewtasksmorerapidlyiftheyexercisedregularlythananyotheranimals

B.regularphysicalexercisecanhelptopromotethebrainfunction

C.monkeysaremorecooperativethanhumanbeing

D.monkeysaregoodatusingtreadmill

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Antioxidant-richfoodsarerichinvitaminsCandEandbetacarotene.

B.Antioxidant-richfoodscanhelpthebraintoperformbetter.

C.Olddogsmightpossiblyevenlearnsomenewtricksiftheyhaveantioxidant-richfoods.

D.Antioxidant-richfoodshelpedimprovecognitiveskillsnotonlyinolddogsbutalsoinyoungdogs.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.OregonHealthandScienceUniversity

B.theUniversityofToronto

C.theUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine

D.theUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.33

B.55

C.39

D.30

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.gray-andwhite-matterinthebrainareimportantindecidingaperson’scognitiveability

B.whitematteriscriticaltolearningandmemory

C.peoplewhoare55andoldercanonlypreservethei