考研考博-英語-云南旅游職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南旅游職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Luckily,therewerenosecondaryinfectionsandbothofthepatients（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lived

B.revived

C.survived

D.existed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:幸運(yùn)的是沒有繼發(fā)感染且這兩位病人活下來了。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去式。Live住,居住,生存;revive(使)蘇醒,復(fù)活,重新使用;survive生存,存活,繼續(xù)存在,幸存;exist存在,實(shí)際上有,生活。故C符合句意。

2.單選題

Biologicalwizardryofadifferentsortisresponsiblefortheruggednessofsea-earshells,whichunderhigh-poweredmicroscopesresemble______constructedstonewalls.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reversibly

B.elaborately

C.spontaneously

D.concurrently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reversibly“可逆地”；B選項(xiàng)elaborately“精巧地；苦心經(jīng)營(yíng)地”；C選項(xiàng)spontaneously“自發(fā)地；自然地；不由自主地”；D選項(xiàng)concurrently“同時(shí)地；兼營(yíng)；兼任地；并發(fā)地”。句意：鮑魚殼的堅(jiān)固是由另一種生物魔法造成的，在高倍顯微鏡下，它就像精心建造的石墻。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Let'sputanendtothisunnecessaryand（

）destructionofourenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wanton

B.illiterate

C.decisive

D.competitive

【答案】A

【解析】wanton荒唐的，無節(jié)制的；illiterate文盲的，不識(shí)字的；decisive決定性的，果斷的；competitive競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，比賽的。句意：讓我們停止對(duì)環(huán)境不必要的以及無節(jié)制的破壞。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

Therelativeswhoreceivedlittleornothingsoughttoinvalidatethewillbyclaimingthatthedeceasedhadnotbeeninhisrightmindwhenhehadsignedthedocument.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destroy

B.inveigh

C.mandate

D.strengthen

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。題干invalidate“使無效，使作廢”。A項(xiàng)“摧毀，破壞”，B項(xiàng)“抨擊，痛罵”，C項(xiàng)“授權(quán)”，D項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng)”。因此選A。句意：幾乎沒有或什么也沒有得到的親戚聲稱，死者在簽署文件時(shí)精神不正常，遺囑無效。

5.單選題

Thoughthisbookwaswrittenmorethan50yearsago,ithasarelativelycontemporaryappeal,andits（）plottingwillamusemysterylovers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intricate

B.disparate

C.compassionate

D.passionate

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。intricate錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的；disparate不同的，迥異的，不相干的；compassionate慈悲的，富有同情心的；passionate熱情的，充滿激情的。句意：雖然這本書是50多年前寫的，但它具有相對(duì)現(xiàn)代的吸引力，其錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的情節(jié)會(huì)讓神秘愛好者感到有趣。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

6.單選題

Inschoolexaminationscertainsubjectsareoptional.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notdifficult

B.notnecessary

C.nottobechosen

D.notcompulsory

【答案】D

【解析】optional意為“可選擇的，隨意的”。notcompulsory非強(qiáng)制的，選項(xiàng)D與原句所表達(dá)的意思相符。

7.單選題

To（）aroomistokeepitsuppliedwithfreshair.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blaze

B.ventilate

C.boast

D.violate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)blaze“燃燒；怒視”；B選項(xiàng)ventilate“（使）通風(fēng)”；C選項(xiàng)boast“吹噓；以有……而自豪”；D選項(xiàng)violate“違反；侵犯”。句意：……就是使它充滿新鮮空氣。后文的freshair“新鮮空氣”，想在室內(nèi)呼吸到新鮮空氣就需要給房間通風(fēng)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.翻譯題

吸引大量觀眾的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，為人們觀賞青春的活力、速度和力量提供了一個(gè)窗口。它所展示的技能水平強(qiáng)烈地吸引著人們。男性之所以比女性更直接地認(rèn)同這種運(yùn)動(dòng)，是因?yàn)樗麄兊耐杲?jīng)歷和比賽所展示的陽剛之氣。

到20世紀(jì)70年代初，體育愛好者們對(duì)比賽不斷增長(zhǎng)的興趣在電視聯(lián)播中得到了進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)，并把職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變成了利潤(rùn)豐厚的商業(yè)活動(dòng)。結(jié)果，一些全新的俱樂部聯(lián)合會(huì)雨后春筍般地涌現(xiàn)出來，與現(xiàn)有的體育組織展開競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，并以誘人的工資來吸引運(yùn)動(dòng)員加盟。隨著體育變得更像傳統(tǒng)的商業(yè)活動(dòng)，越來越多的運(yùn)動(dòng)員尋找他們的經(jīng)紀(jì)人，代表他們參加工資談判?，F(xiàn)在，職業(yè)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入一個(gè)新時(shí)代。

Directions:InthispartyouarerequiredtoturnthefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.PleasewriteitontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】【參考譯文】

Sportsthatattractlargeaudiencesprovideawindowonthevigor,speedandpowerofyouth.Peoplearestronglyattractedtotheskilllevelsitshows.Menidentifywiththesportmoredirectlythanwomenbecauseoftheirchildhoodexperiencesandthemasculinityofthegame.

Bytheearly1970s,fans’growinginterestinthegamewasreinforcedbytelevisionnetworksandturnedprofessionalsportsintoalucrativebusiness.Asaresult,entirelynewclubfederationssprunguptocompetewithestablishedsportsorganizationsandlureawayplayerswithattractivesalaries.Assportsbecomemorelikeatraditionalbusiness,moreandmoreathletesseekouttheiragentstorepresenttheminsalarynegotiations.Now,professionalsportshaveenteredanewera.

9.單選題

After（

）seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntogivealecturetotheaudience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.it

B.that

C.these

D.what

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在看似漫長(zhǎng)的等待之后，輪到他給觀眾做演講了。

語法題?？疾橘e語從句。根據(jù)句意可知此處after作介詞，after后面的賓語從句中缺少主語，故使用連接詞what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。

10.單選題

Whydocsavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept（）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingredients

B.elements

C.components

D.compounds

【答案】A

【解析】句意:為什么素食餐館使其食物除了成分外，其他都像肉類呢？

考查名詞辨析。ingredient（食物等的）成分；element因素；component（機(jī)器等的）元件、部件；compound（化學(xué)等的）合成物。因此A符合句意。

11.單選題

Rejectingtheurgingofhisphysicianfathertostudymedicine,Hawkingchoseto（）onmathandtheoreticalphysics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impose

B.center

C.overtook

D.concentrate

【答案】D

【解析】imposeon利用，欺騙；centeron集中，以……為中心；overtook趕上，代替，不與on搭配；concentrateon專注于……。句意：霍金拒絕了他的醫(yī)生父親學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)的要求，選擇專注于數(shù)學(xué)和理論物理。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.單選題

Theacousticsinthismeetingroomarenotverygood,soifyouwishtobeheardclearly,youmustremembertospeakout.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.are

B.so

C.wishtobeheard

D.speakout

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。Speakout改為speakup。D處句意應(yīng)為“大聲說”,而speakout表示“公開說出”。

13.單選題

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints---periodscountries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone'sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalogchildhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytiC.Theoldquestions"Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?havegivenwaytothequestion“Whydidithappen?”,ProminentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestionWhy"ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistoiydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.ButthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintenD."Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.ThiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstooditPsychohistoryderivesitsfacts"notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistoiy,anddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto.andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetohistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirthesesPsychohistories,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe"deepest"explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminesinthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandcircumstances.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainpointofthepassage?

2.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

3.Theauthormentionswhichofthefollowingasacharacteristicofthepracticeofpsychohistorians?

4.Theauthorofthepassageputstheword"deepest"(ParA.3)inquotationmarksmostprobablyinorderto（）.

5.Inpresentingheranalysis,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theapproachofpsychohistorianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyinvogueeventhoughittackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod

B.Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesandfindingsofpsychohistorians

C.Areasofsociologicalstudysuchaschildhoodandworkareoflittleinteresttotraditionalhistorians.

D.Thepsychologicalassessmentofanindividual'sbehaviorandattitudesismorenormativethanthedetailsofhisorherdailylife

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whataresomespecificexamplesoftheuseofpsychohistoryinhistoricalinterpretation?

B.Whenweretheconventionsgoverningthepracticeoftraditionalhistoiyfirstestablished?

C.Whendotraditionalhistoriansconsiderpsychologicalexplanationsofhistoricalexplanationsofhistoricaldevelopmentsappropriate?

D.Whatisthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidencerequiredbytraditionalhistorians?

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thelivesofhistoricalfiguresarepresentedinepisodicratherthinnarrativeform

B.Archivesusedbypsychohistorianstogathermaterialarenotaccessibletootherscholars

C.Pastandcurrenteventsareallplacedwithinthesamedeterministicdiagram.

D.Eventsintheadultlifeofahistoricalfigureareseentobemoreconsequentialthanarethoseinthechildhoodofthefigure

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.signalherreservationsabouttheaccuracyofpsychohistoriars'claimsfortheirwork

B.drawattentiontoacontradictioninthepsychohistoriansmethod

C.emphasizethemajordifferencebetweenthetraditionalhistorians'methodandthatofhistorians

D.disassociateheropinionofthepsychohistorians'claimsfromheropinionoftheirmethod

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Makegeneralstatementswithoutreferencetospecificexamples

B.Describesomeofthecriteriaemployedbytraditionalhistorians

C.Questiontheadequacyofthepsycholistorians'interpretationofevents

D.Pointoutinconsistenciesinthepsychohistorians’applicationoftheirmethods

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文分析可見，本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是包含“psychohistory”和“history”概念的選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)翻譯為：“心理學(xué)史家對(duì)歷史研究的態(tài)度，盡管它突破了傳統(tǒng)史學(xué)方法的嚴(yán)密性和可驗(yàn)證性，但目前仍在流行”。綜合考慮，該選項(xiàng)符合題意，正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第三段“Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.”，中文翻譯為：“它（即心理、歷史學(xué)）否定歷史證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即歷史證據(jù)是大家都可以獲取的，因此可被所有的歷史學(xué)家評(píng)價(jià)”可推斷出D項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家需要的歷史證據(jù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么”正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵短語“psychohistorians”可以定位到答案信息在原文第三、四段。但是三、四段沒有給出本題答案的具體信息。綜合考慮，一般人們闡述問題的規(guī)律為：理論到實(shí)踐。故最佳答案為C項(xiàng)“過去和現(xiàn)在的事件都放在同一個(gè)確定性狀態(tài)圖中”。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文第三段“Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.”，中文翻譯為：它（即心理歷史學(xué)）否定歷史證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即歷史證據(jù)是大家都可以獲取的，因此可被所有的歷史學(xué)家評(píng)價(jià)。以及原文“Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories.”，中文翻譯為：“心理歷史學(xué)家確信自己理論的絕對(duì)正確。”結(jié)合語境可以得出A項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。選項(xiàng)A可定位到文章第三段第六、七、八句，選項(xiàng)B可定位到文章第一段第一、二句，選項(xiàng)C可以定位到第三段的尾句。因此選擇D項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Sheactuallypreferredamoregregariousurbanlifestyleandtheculturalattractionsinawarmerclime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tranquil

B.sociable

C.inactive

D.undisturbed

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:實(shí)際上她很喜歡交際較多的城市生活和氣候宜人的文化勝地。

tranquil:安靜的。sociable:好交際的。inactive:不活動(dòng)的。undisturbed:安寧的，未受干擾的。gregarious:社交的，群居的。故B項(xiàng)與題意一致。

15.單選題

Becauseofitsfavorableclimate,itseasyaccesstotheprincipalsilkandteaproducingarea,andits（）tothemaininteriortraderoutes,ShanghaiattractedmoreforeignattentionthananyotherportinChina.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distance

B.intheneighborhood

C.proximity

D.intheneighborhoodof

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義短語搭配辨析。A選項(xiàng)distance“距離”；B選項(xiàng)intheneighborhood“在附近”；C選項(xiàng)proximity“接近”；D選項(xiàng)intheneighborhoodof“在……附近”。proximityto鄰近某段，為固定搭配。句意：宜人的氣候，進(jìn)入絲綢茶葉的主產(chǎn)地的便利以及……國(guó)內(nèi)主要的商業(yè)圈，讓上海比中國(guó)其他地區(qū)更能引起外國(guó)的注意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

He（

）hishead,wonderinghowtosolvetheproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scrapped

B.screwed

C.scraped

D.scratched

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。scrap意為“廢棄，報(bào)廢”；screw意為“旋緊，擰緊”；scrape意為“刮，擦”；scratch意為“撓，搔，抓”。

句意：他撓他的頭，不知如何解決這個(gè)問題。

17.單選題

Oneofindustrialagriculture’sbiggestGMOcropsmayhavejustbackfired(產(chǎn)生事與愿違的后果).Scientistshaveconfirmedthatcorn-destroyingrootwormshaveevolvedtoberesistanttotheBtcornengineeredtokillthem.

BtstandsforBacillusthuringiensis(蘇云金芽孢桿菌),thenameofthegeneticallymodifiedcorn’s“donor”organism.Bacillusthuringiensisisanaturallyoccurringsoilbacteriumthatproducesproteincrystalsthatbindtocertainreceptorsintherootworm’sintestine(腸),killingit.Foryears,farmershaveplantedBtcornasanalternativetosprayinginsecticides.Btcornaccountedforthree-quartersofallcornplantingin2013.Thatmayhavetochange.

AfterfindingacornfieldinIowain2011thatwasdecimated(大幅度下降)byrootwormdespitebeingplantedwiththeBtcorn,IowaStateUniversityentomologistAaronGassmannandhisteambegantostudythepests’interactionswiththegeneticallymodifiedorganism(orGMO)corninalab.Theirstudy,publishedMondayintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,describesthewesterncornrootworm’srapidevolutionafterfeedingontheengineeredcrop.

ButBtcornisstillcapableofwardingoffotherpests,sofarmerswilllikelykeepplantingit.Exceptnowthey’llneedtousepesticidestoprotecttheircropfromrootworms.AsentomologistswarnedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyin2012,rootwormresistancemeansthattheenvironmentaladvantageofBtcorn—thatitcouldberaisedpesticide-free—maydisappear.

“Unlessmanagementpracticeschange,it’sonlygoingtogetworse,”GassmanntoldWired.“Thereneedstobeafundamentalchangeinhowthetechnologyisused.”

Scientistshavepredictedforyearsthatthiscouldhappen,butwarningswererepeatedlyignoredbyregulatorsandfarmers.IttakesmillionsofdollarstodevelopseedslikeBt,soengineeringanalternativeisnotanattractiveoption.Instead,theauthorsofanotherstudyonrootwormBtresistance,whichfocusesonNebraska,takeabiodiversityapproach.

“Croprotationisthebesttool,”UniversityofNebraska-LincolnentomologistLanceMeinketoldFarm&RanchGuide.“Generally,oneyearofsoybeansinafieldwithresistantwesterncornrootwormswipesoutthatpopulation.Thebeetleswilllayeggsthathatch,butwhenlarvae(幼蟲)trytofeedonsoybeanplants,theydon’tfindthenutrientstheyneedandtheydie.”

Croprotationcansuppressrootwormpopulationsovertime,reducingthethreatposedbytheirnewBtresistance.

ButasentomologistElsonShieldsofCornellUniversitytoldWired,rootwormisjustonesymptomofanengineeredseedtrait“willfallunderthesamepressure,”saidShields,“andtheinsectwillwin.”

1.WhatcanweknowaboutBacillusthuringiensis?

2.WhatinspiredAaronGassmanntostarthisstudy?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrue,accordingtothepassage?

4.LanceMeinkethinksthebestapproachtotheproblemofrootwormBtresistanceis_____.

5.WhatistheproblemwiththeGMOseedindustry,accordingtoElsonShields?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisageneticallymodifiedorganism.

B.Itisanalternativetosprayinginsecticides.

C.Itisanaturalbacteriumthatkillsrootworm.

D.Itprotectsrootwormfrombeingkilledbybacterium.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ThegreatreductionofoutputofacornfieldinIowa.

B.Theaimofboostingcornyieldby75%by2011.

C.Thesignificanceofcornrootworm’srapidevolution.

D.AaronGassmann’sfindingofalargenumberofrootworm.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.PeoplehavenotexpectedrootwormBtresistancebefore.

B.Btresistancehasafundamentalchangeinmoderntechnology.

C.ItiseconomicallyimpracticaltoentirelyabandonBtcorn.

D.FarmersprefertousepesticidesratherthanplantBtcorn.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.plantingsoybeans

B.raisingbeetles

C.addingfertilizer

D.rotatingcrop

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Mostoftheentomologistsfailedtopredictitsfuturedestiny.

B.TheGMOseedindustrylackslong-termconsiderations.

C.Peoplemistakenlyconsiderrootwormasthebiggesttrouble.

D.ItisverydifficultfortheGMOseedindustrytowininsects.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第二段第三句Foryears,farmershaveplantedBtcornasanalternativetosprayinginsecticides（多年來，農(nóng)民們一直種植Bt玉米作為噴灑殺蟲劑的替代品），第二步，綜合理解，這里是B選項(xiàng)的同意替換，B選項(xiàng)“是一種替代噴灑殺蟲劑的方法”正確。

A選項(xiàng)“是一種轉(zhuǎn)基因生物”，定位到第二段第二句Bacillusthuringiensisisanaturallyoccurringsoilbacteriumthatproducesproteincrystalsthatbindtocertainreceptorsintherootworm’sintestine,killingit（蘇云金桿菌是一種天然存在的土壤細(xì)菌，它能產(chǎn)生蛋白質(zhì)晶體，與根蟲腸道中的某些受體結(jié)合，殺死根蟲），由此可知蘇云金桿菌不是轉(zhuǎn)基因物體而是一種能夠和害蟲腸道里面的受體結(jié)合產(chǎn)生蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)晶從而達(dá)到殺死害蟲的天然細(xì)菌，是細(xì)菌的一種，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“是一種殺死根蟲的天然細(xì)菌”，見A選項(xiàng)解析，是蘇云金桿菌與害蟲腸道的受體產(chǎn)生的蛋白質(zhì)使蟲子死亡，不是蘇云金桿菌直接殺死蟲子，這里屬于曲意理解；

D選項(xiàng)“它保護(hù)根蟲不被細(xì)菌殺死”，見A選項(xiàng)，是侵害不是保護(hù)，這里屬于反向干擾。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第三段第一句AfterfindingacornfieldinIowain2011thatwasdecimatedbyrootwormdespitebeingplantedwiththeBtcorn…（2011年在愛荷華州發(fā)現(xiàn)一片玉米田，盡管種植了Bt玉米，但卻被根蟲摧毀……）。第二步，綜合理解，從這句可以知道是亞倫因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)愛荷華州的玉米產(chǎn)量即使在種了轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米的情況下也出現(xiàn)了大幅度減產(chǎn)的情況才想要去調(diào)查的，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“愛荷華州玉米田產(chǎn)量的大幅減少”正確。

B選項(xiàng)“到2011年提高玉米產(chǎn)量75%的目標(biāo)”，見正確選項(xiàng)分析，2011年的情況是減產(chǎn)了所以才會(huì)開展這項(xiàng)調(diào)查，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“玉米根蟲快速進(jìn)化的意義”，定位到第三段最后一句話Theirstudy…describesthewesterncornrootworm’srapidevolutionafterfeedingontheengineeredcrop.（他們的研究……描述了西方玉米根蟲在食用轉(zhuǎn)基因作物后的快速進(jìn)化。），由此可知C選項(xiàng)是調(diào)查結(jié)果不是調(diào)查原因，這里屬于偷換概念；

D選項(xiàng)“AaronGassmann發(fā)現(xiàn)大量根蟲”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第六段第一二句…butwarningswererepeatedlyignoredbyregulatorsandfarmers.IttakesmillionsofdollarstodevelopseedslikeBt,soengineeringanalternativeisnotanattractiveoption（……但監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)和農(nóng)民一再忽視警告。開發(fā)像Bt這樣的種子需要數(shù)百萬美元，所以通過工程來替代并不是一個(gè)有吸引力的選擇），從這里可知，因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)基因種子花了很多財(cái)力研發(fā)，種子公司不會(huì)那么輕易放棄，所以在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米不會(huì)那么輕易放棄，所以C選項(xiàng)“完全放棄Bt玉米在經(jīng)濟(jì)上是不切實(shí)際的”正確。

A選項(xiàng)“人們以前沒有預(yù)料到根蟲抗Bt”，定位到第二段第三句Foryears,farmershaveplantedBtcornasanalternativetosprayinginsecticides（多年來，農(nóng)民們一直種植Bt玉米作為噴灑殺蟲劑的替代品），從這里可知人們一開始就是為了治蟲才種轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米的，所以A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“Bt抗性在現(xiàn)代技術(shù)中有根本性的變化”，定位到第五段第二句Thereneedstobeafundamentalchangeinhowthetechnologyisused（在如何使用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)方面需要有根本性的改變），這里是根據(jù)句子的時(shí)態(tài)可知是將來時(shí)，這表明說話人的主觀愿望而B選項(xiàng)用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表現(xiàn)在的一種動(dòng)作，所以不能選，這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民更喜歡使用殺蟲劑而不是種植Bt玉米”定位到第三段第三句ButBtcornisstillcapableofwardingoffotherpests,sofarmerswilllikelykeepplantingit（但Bt玉米仍有抵擋其他害蟲的能力，所以農(nóng)民可能會(huì)繼續(xù)種植它），從這里可知農(nóng)民還是更愿意種轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米，所以D選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到倒數(shù)第三段第一句Croprotationisthebesttool（輪作是最好的工具），從這里可知答案選D“輪耕”；

A選項(xiàng)“種黃豆”，定位到倒數(shù)第三段第二句Generally,oneyearofsoybeansinafieldwithresistantwesterncornrootwormswipesoutthatpopulation（一般來說，在具有抗性的西部玉米根蟲的土地上種植一年的大豆就可以消滅這一種群），種植黃豆只是輪耕的具體方法之一，這里只是舉個(gè)例子，不能概括整體，這里屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)“養(yǎng)甲蟲”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，所以不選；

C選項(xiàng)“加肥料”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，所以不選。

5.判斷推理題，第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到最后一段第一句話，ButasentomologistElsonShieldsofCornellUniversitytoldWired,rootwormisjustonesymptomofanengineeredseedtrait“willfallunderthesamepressure,”saidShields,“andtheinsectwillwin”.（但正如康奈爾大學(xué)的昆蟲學(xué)家ElsonShields告訴《連線》雜志的，根蟲只是一種轉(zhuǎn)基因種子性狀之一，“在同樣的壓力下，”Shields說，“昆蟲將獲勝。），從這里可知ElsonShields對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因產(chǎn)業(yè)是持否定態(tài)度，覺得昆蟲最終會(huì)戰(zhàn)勝轉(zhuǎn)基因植物，從這里的only可以看出來Shields認(rèn)為根蟲只是其中一個(gè)癥狀，其實(shí)問題還不僅僅只在根蟲，所以可以推斷答案選C選項(xiàng)“人們錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為根蟲是最大的麻煩”。

A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)昆蟲學(xué)家都沒有預(yù)測(cè)到它（轉(zhuǎn)基因種子產(chǎn)業(yè)）的未來命運(yùn)”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)基因種子行業(yè)缺乏長(zhǎng)期考慮”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，所以不選；

D選項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)基因種子產(chǎn)業(yè)很難贏得昆蟲”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，所以不選。

18.單選題

HeradvisorpersuadedhertoremainatNanjingUniversitytodoherdoctorate,butshedecidedtoapplytothepostgraduatedivisionoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuaded

B.todoherdoctorate

C.applyto

D.oftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.

E.沒有問題

【答案】C

【解析】固定短語誤用。applyto改為applyfor。applyto適用于…，應(yīng)用于…。applyfor申請(qǐng),請(qǐng)求。題干意思事"申請(qǐng)中國(guó)科學(xué)院的研究生”，故需要改為applyfor。

19.單選題

Problemsanddiscouragementswillfacetheleader,buthecanovercomethemwithstayingpower.Itseemsasifmanyoftheworld’sfamouspeoplefacedsomeofthegreatestdifficultiesanddiscouragementsincarryingouttheirvisions.

ChristopherColumbus,forinstance,concludedfromtheinformationheacquiredfromtravelsandfromstudyingchartsandmaps,thattheearthwasroundandthathecouldreachAsiabysailingwest.Butheneededapatrontofinancesuchanexpedition.HefirsttriesJohnII,KingofPortugal,withoutsuccess,andthen,theCountofMedinaCeliinSpain.TheCountencouragedColumbusfortwoyears,butneveractuallyprovidedhimwiththemoneyandsuppliesheneeded.FerdinandandIsabella,KingandQueenofCastileinSpain,werethencontacted.AreviewofColumbus’plansbyacommitteeappointedbythequeenresultedintheconclusionthathisideaswerevainandimpractical.Buttheykepttalking.

Afterabetterpartofdecadeoftryingtofindapatron,Columbuswasindespair,buthedidn’tstop.Hehadstayingpower.Hebelievedinhismission,butheheldoutforhightermsfromFerdinandandIsabella.Heaskedthattherankofadmiralbebestowedonhimrightawayandthathebemadeviceroyofallthatheshoulddiscover.Inaddition,hewouldreceiveone-tenthofallthepreciousmetalsdiscoveredwithinhisadmiralty.Hisconditionswererejectedandnegotiationswereagaininterrupted.ColumbusleftforFrance.However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.InApril,1492,FerdinandandIsabellaagreedtosubsidizetheexpeditiononColumbus’terms.Itwasn’tuntil12,OctoberthattheylandednoNorthAmerica.

ColumbusdidnotvisittheGrandKhanofCathayashehadhoped.Buthediddiscovertwonewcontinents.Hewassuccessfulbecausehehadstayingpower.

1.WhatwastheattitudeofthekingandqueenofCastiletowardColumbus’planofexpedition?

2.WhofinallypatronizedColumbus?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementswasnotmentionedinthepassage?

4.TheauthortakesthestoryofColumbusasanexampletoshowthat（）.

5.Whatdoestheword“vision”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymean?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Concerned

B.Indifferent

C.Optimistic

D.Disapproval

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.CountofMedianCeli

B.JohnII,KingofPortugal

C.KingandqueenofSpain

D.KingandqueenofCastile

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Columbuswantedtosharewhatheshoulddiscover.

B.Columbusfirmlydemandedthathebethecommanderofthevoyagefleet.

C.ThekingandqueenofCastiledidn’tacceptColumbustermsattheverybeginning.

D.Columbusgotfinancialhelpfromthequeenbecausehegaveuphishighterms.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Leadersneedstayingpower.

B.Columbushadenoughstayingpower.

C.Onecan’tdowithoutstayingpower.

D.Stayingpowercannotensuresuccess.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.sight

B.television

C.futureplan

D.imagination

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“FerdinandandIsabella,KingandQueenofCastileinSpain,werethencontacted.AreviewofColumbus’plansbyacommitteeappointedbythequeenresultedintheconclusionthathisideaswerevainandimpractical.Buttheykepttalking.”，可知他聯(lián)系了西班牙卡斯提爾國(guó)王和王后費(fèi)迪南德和伊莎貝拉。女王任命的一個(gè)委員會(huì)對(duì)哥倫布的計(jì)劃進(jìn)行了審查，得出的結(jié)論是他的想法是徒勞和不切實(shí)際的。但是他們會(huì)一直對(duì)這個(gè)問題進(jìn)行討論?？膳袛喑鰢?guó)王和王后對(duì)于哥倫布的行動(dòng)持關(guān)心的態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.InApril,1492,FerdinandandIsabellaagreedtosubsidizetheexpeditiononColumbus’terms.”，可知王后改變了主意，派人去找他。1492年4月，國(guó)王和王后同意按哥倫布的條件并對(duì)他實(shí)施資助?？膳袛喑鰧?duì)哥倫布實(shí)施資助的人是卡斯提爾的國(guó)王和王后。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段段，“Butheneededapatrontofinancesuchanexpedition.”，可知他需要贊助人資助這樣一次探險(xiǎn)，下文就提到了他尋找資助人的堅(jiān)信過程，可判斷出哥倫布想分享他的發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)A可排除。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Heaskedthattherankofadmiralbebestowedonhimrightawayandthathebemadeviceroyofallthatheshoulddiscover.”，可知他要求立即授予他海軍上將的軍銜，并任命他為他所發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切事物的總督。可判斷出哥倫布堅(jiān)決要求他擔(dān)任遠(yuǎn)航艦隊(duì)的總督，選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Hisconditionswererejectedandnegotiationswereagaininterrupted.ColumbusleftforFrance.However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.”可知他的條件遭到拒絕，談判再次中斷。哥倫布動(dòng)身去了法國(guó)。然而，王后改變了主意，派人去找他?？膳袛喑鰢?guó)王和王后一開始不同意哥倫布的條件，后面才改變了主意。選項(xiàng)C可排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.作者意圖題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Hewassuccessfulbecausehehadstayingpower.”，可知哥倫布之所以成功，是因?yàn)樗心土?。可判斷出作者以哥倫布為例子想要說明的是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者需要持久的耐力。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.詞義理解題。Sight“視力，景象”；television“電視機(jī)”；futureplan“未來的計(jì)劃”；imagination“想象力”。根據(jù)原文，“Itseemsasifmanyoftheworld’sfamouspeoplefacedsomeofthegreatestdifficultiesanddiscouragementsincarryingouttheirvisions.”，可知似乎世界上許多名人在實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的理想時(shí)都面臨著一些最大的困難和挫折?？膳袛喑鰒ision的意思是理想，未來的計(jì)劃。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

20.單選題

（

）asleep,theinjuredwasreallyawakeandlistening.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Althoughpretendingtobe

B.Being

C.Tobe

D.While

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?？崭裉幩诰渥雍蟀刖渚湟猓哼@個(gè)傷員清醒并且在認(rèn)真聽著?？芍崭裉帒?yīng)該是表示假裝睡著，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

21.單選題

Duringpregnancy,thebloodcarriesessential____andoxygentothedevelopingbabyandcarriesawaywaste.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nutrients

B.nuisance

C.initiatives

D.ration

【答案】A

【解析】考查上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)nutrients“營(yíng)養(yǎng)物；養(yǎng)分”；B選項(xiàng)nuisance“損害；麻煩事”；C選項(xiàng)initiatives“倡議”；D選項(xiàng)ration“配給量，定量”。句意：在懷孕期間，血液攜帶必要的____和氧氣給發(fā)育中的嬰兒，并帶走廢物?？崭裨~與氧氣并列，都是嬰兒需要地東西，A選項(xiàng)nutrients“營(yíng)養(yǎng)物；養(yǎng)分”最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

22.單選題

Theannouncementofthedeathoftheirleadercausedthereafterafeelingofgreatdespairto（

）theirlives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overflow

B.scatter

C.permeate

D.manipulate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。overflow“使溢出”；scatter“散播；散開”；permeate“彌漫；充滿”；manipulate“操級(jí)；操作”。句意：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)去世的消息使得絕望的心情彌漫在他們生活中。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

23.單選題

Unfortunatelymostofthesciencefictionfilmsofthe1970swerenotmuchinfluencedby2001:ASpaceOdyssey.SkillfullydirectedbyStanleyKubrick,2001,whichappearedin1968,setnewstandardsforsciencefictionfilms.Duringthenextdecade,everyoneofthedozensofsciencefictionmoviesreleasedwascomparesto2001,andallbutafewwerefoundsadlytacking.

Admittedly,Kubrickhadoneofthelargestbudgetseverforafilmofthiskind,but,inmyopinion,muchofthemovie’spowerandappealwasachievedthroughrelativelyinexpensivemeans.Forexample,themusicalscorewhichwasadaptedinlargepartfromwell-knownclassicalcompositions,wasreinforcedbytheuseofalmostkaleidoscopicvisualeffects,especiallyduringthespacetravelsequences.Spectacularcameraworkwaseditedtocorrespondpreciselytotheebbandflowofthemusic.

After2001,thedominantthemeofsciencefictionfilmsshiftedfromtheadventuresofspacetraveltotheproblemscreatedonearthbyman’smismanagementofthenaturalenvironmentandtheabuseoftechnologybyatotalitarianstate.Overpopulationandtheaccompanyingshortagesoffoodpromptthestatetoimposeextraordinarycontrolsonitscitizens.Nofewerthantwenty-ninefilmsweremadearoundthisthemeintheyearsbetween1970and1977,includingSurvivorsandChronicles.

Intheopinionofthisreviewer,untilStarWarswasreleasedin1977,sciencefictionfilmwerereducedtoshallowsymbolismdisguisingtoagreaterorlesserdegreeaseriesofrepetitiveplots.ButStarWarswasdifferent.Itofferedusareturntoimaginativevoyagesinspaceandconfrontationwithintelligentlifeonotherplanets.Unliketheothersciencefictionfilmsofthedecade,StarWarspresentedtechnologyashavingsolvedratherthanaggravatedecologicalproblems.Thespecialeffectscreatedtosimulatespacevehicleshurtlingthroughtheblacknessoftheuniversewerereminiscentoftheartisticstandardssetby2001.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,mostofsciencefictionfilmsreleasedinthe1970swere（

）.

2.Thethemeofthemajorityofs