考研考博-英語(yǔ)-成都信息工程大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-成都信息工程大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Writeashortessay(around200words)expressingyourideaaboutGOODMANNERSin3paragraphs.Youaregiventhefirstsentenceofeachparagraphandarerequiredtodevelopitsideasincompletingtheparagraph.

1.Goodmannersmeangoodbehaviorinsocialintercourse.

2.Aselfishmancanneverpossessgoodmanners.

3.Thenhowtolearngoodmanners?

【答案】略

2.單選題

Budgetforecastsaretheultimatelessonintakingthings（）inhindsight,mostforecastslookworsethanrandomguesses.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withastrokeofthepen

B.withawhipofscorpions

C.withagrainofsalt

D.withallduesubmission

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。withastrokeofthepen“一筆一劃”；withawhipofscorpions“用殘酷的高壓手段”；withagrainofsalt“持懷疑態(tài)度，有保留”；withallduesubmission“必恭必敬的”。句意：預(yù)算預(yù)估對(duì)事情的猜測(cè)持保留態(tài)度，大多數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)看起來(lái)比隨機(jī)猜測(cè)更糟。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Themanagerthought______theproblemforthreedaysbeforehefinallymadethedecision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.in

C.over

D.down

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.on在……上B.in在……里

C.over關(guān)于，翻轉(zhuǎn)D.down向下

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】由forthreedays（三天）可知，這個(gè)經(jīng)理是“仔細(xì)考慮”，thinkover為固定搭配，表示“仔細(xì)考慮”。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、D選項(xiàng)和think不構(gòu)成搭配；

A選項(xiàng)thinkon（考慮，思量）程度不夠深，排除。

【句意】在最后做出決定之前，經(jīng)理對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題仔細(xì)考慮了三天。

4.單選題

Ican’tfindmygloves.Imusthave______themonthebuswhenIcamehomefromschool.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.left

B.lost

C.forgotten

D.missed

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.left離開(kāi)，遺留B.lost失去

C.forgotten忘記D.missed錯(cuò)過(guò)

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由前面句子的意思“我找不到手套了”，可知Imusthave______themonthebus表示的是“我把它們落在公交車上了”，left符合句意。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句意；

B選項(xiàng)是指不知道忘在了哪里，排除。

【句意】我找不到手套了。我一定是放學(xué)回家時(shí)把它們落在公共汽車上了。

5.翻譯題

1.ThecostofhealthcareisoneofthebiggestchallengesfacingtheUnitedStates,and,asmostpeopleknowfromexperience,drugpricesareagrowingpartoftheproblem.

2.Althoughdrugspendingrepresentsonly12percentoftotalhealthcosts，itisrisingatanannualrateof10to12percent—morethanfourtimestherateofinflation—andwillsoonovertakephysicianfeesasthesecondlargestpartofthehealth-carebill,alterhospitalizationcosts.Whyisthishappening?Unlikeotheradvancedcountries,theUnitesStatesdoesn’tregulatedrugcosts.

3.Privateinsurersbargainwithmanufacturersfordiscountsonthemedicinestheycover,butthedrugindustryhaslongstymiedsucheffortsbythefederalgovernment.TheresultisthatAmericanspayroughlytwiceasmuchasCanadiansorEuropeansforbrand-namemedications

4.Theproblemisreachingcrisisproportions—andwithoutboldreforms,itwillgetworse.Thepharmaceuticalindustryclaimsthathighpricesarenecessarytocoveritsresearchanddevelopmentcosts.5.Thetruthisthatin2002,thetop10Americandrugcompanieshadamedianprofitmarginof17percent,comparedwithlessthan3.1percentfortheotherFortune500industries.

【答案】1.醫(yī)療保健費(fèi)用是美國(guó)面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一，而且，正如大多數(shù)人從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中知道的那樣，藥價(jià)是問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重的一部分。

2.雖然藥物支出僅占總醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的12%，年率上升10%到12%——超過(guò)通貨膨脹率的四倍，很快就會(huì)超越醫(yī)生診療費(fèi)用，成為第二大醫(yī)療保健法案的一部分，改變住院費(fèi)用。

3.私人保險(xiǎn)公司與制造商討價(jià)還價(jià)，爭(zhēng)取他們承保的藥品的折扣，但制藥業(yè)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直阻撓聯(lián)邦政府的這類努力。

4.這個(gè)問(wèn)題正達(dá)到危機(jī)的程度——如果不進(jìn)行大膽的改革，它將變得更糟。

5.事實(shí)是，2002年，美國(guó)前十大制藥公司的利潤(rùn)率中值為17%，而其他財(cái)富500強(qiáng)行業(yè)的利潤(rùn)率中值不到3.1%。

6.單選題

Jimmyearnshislivingby（）worksofartinthemuseum.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.recovering

B.restoring

C.renewing

D.reviving

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)recovering“恢復(fù)；再生”；B選項(xiàng)restoring“恢復(fù)，重建；正在恢復(fù)”；C選項(xiàng)renewing“重新開(kāi)始；恢復(fù)；使……更新；延長(zhǎng)……的期限”；D選項(xiàng)reviving“振興”。recover/restore都有康復(fù)的意思，但是用法不同。一般用法分別為：sbrecovers（不及物）、sbrestoreshishealth（及物），所以restore與語(yǔ)義相對(duì)應(yīng)。句意：吉米靠修復(fù)博物館里的藝術(shù)品謀生。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

7.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heistheheadofthehospital.

B.HeisinchargeofPediatrics.

C.HewentoutlookingforDan.

D.HewenttoMichiganonbusiness.

【答案】D

【解析】M:Hello,thisisDonNorthfromPediatrics.I’dlikeawordwithDoctorWilsonifit’spossible.

W:I’msorry,butheleftforMichigantoattendaconferencethismorning.Hewasinfactlookingforyoujustbeforeheleft.

Q:WhatistrueaboutDoctorWilson?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。對(duì)話中說(shuō)到：heleftforMichigantoattendaconferencethismorning，即DoctorWilson今早前往密歇根參加會(huì)議。

8.單選題

Terroristactivities,inwhateverforms,aretobedenouncedbypeace-lovingpeopleworldwide.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.announced

B.forgiven

C.condemned

D.despised

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。denounce表示“譴責(zé)，公然抨擊”；A項(xiàng)announce“宣布”，B項(xiàng)forgive“原諒”，C項(xiàng)condemn“譴責(zé)，判刑”，D項(xiàng)despise“輕視，鄙視”。句意：任何形式的恐怖主義活動(dòng)都應(yīng)受到全世界愛(ài)好和平的人民的譴責(zé)。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Hisremarksfinally____methatIhadmadetherightdecision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assured

B.ensured

C.reassured

D.insured

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.assured（向……）保證B.ensured確保

C.reassured使……安心；打消……的疑慮D.insured投保

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：他的話終于……我的決定是正確的。根據(jù)邏輯，他的話應(yīng)該是打消我的顧慮，讓我確信我的決定是正確的。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)assured“（向……）保證”，并不是他的話保證我的決定是正確的，而是他的話使我安心，從而讓我覺(jué)得我的決定是正確的，該選項(xiàng)不符合邏輯；

B選項(xiàng)ensured“確保”，并不是他的話確保我的決定是正確的，該選項(xiàng)不符合邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)insured“投?！?，該選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】他的話最終打消了我的疑慮，我做了正確的決定。

10.單選題

InEnglishlearning,a（）circleoccurswhenastudentmakesmoreerrorsafterbeingscolded.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vigorous

B.vicious

C.voluntary

D.vertical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vigorous“精力充沛的，有力的”；B選項(xiàng)vicious“惡劣的，嚴(yán)重的”；C選項(xiàng)voluntary“志愿的；自發(fā)的”；D選項(xiàng)vertical“垂直的；直上的”。句意：在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，如果學(xué)生挨罵后犯錯(cuò)更多，就會(huì)形成（）循環(huán)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，vicious“惡劣的，嚴(yán)重的”搭配circle“循環(huán)”比較合理，翻譯成惡性循環(huán)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Theymakebetteruseofthetimetheyhave,andtheyarelesslikelytoyieldtofatigueinstressfuljobs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tosuccumbtobeingtired

B.tosustainthefatigue

C.toendurethelongstrain

D.toexposethemtotherisks

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)tosuccumbtobeingtired屈服于疲勞；B選項(xiàng)tosustainthefatigue維持疲勞；C選項(xiàng)toendurethelongstrain承受長(zhǎng)期壓力；D選項(xiàng)toexposethemtotherisks暴露在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)下。句意：他們很好地利用了現(xiàn)有時(shí)間，不會(huì)輕易地因充滿壓力的工作弄得疲勞不堪。因此，等同于toyieldtofatigue“屈服疲勞”的選項(xiàng)是A項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,ratifiedin1868,prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws”.Althoughpreciselywhattheframersoftheamendmentmeantbythisequalprotectionclauseremainsunclear,allinterpretersagreethattheframers'immediateobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866,whichguaranteedthecitizenshipofallpersonsbornintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttoUnitedStatesjurisdiction.Thisdeclaration,whichwasechoedinthetextoftheFourteenthAmendment,wasdesignedprimarilytocountertheSupremeCourt'srulinginDredScottVSanfordthatBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatescouldbedeniedcitizenship.TheactwasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnson,whoarguedthattheThirteenthAmendment,whichabolishedslavery,didnotprovideCongresswithauthoritytoextendcitizenshipandequalprotectionthefreedslaves.AlthoughCongresspromptlyoverrodeJohnson'sveto,supportersoftheactsoughttoensureitsconstitutionalfoundationswiththepassageoftheFourteenthAmendment.

ThebroadlanguageoftheamendmentstronglysuggeststhatitsframerswereproposingtowriteintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrightsbutaprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment'sexistence,theSupremeCourt'sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicaccommodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.AftertheSecondWorldWar,ajudicialclimatemorehospitabletoequalprotectionclaimsculminatedintheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BroadofEducationthatraciallysegregatedschoolsviolatedtheequalprotectionclauseoftheFourteenthAmendment.

1.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelyindicatesthesequenceoftheeventslistedbelow?

I.CivilRightsActof1866II.DredScottV.Sanford

III.FourteenthAmendmentIV.VetobyPresidentJohnson

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoriginalproponentsoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

4.TheauthorimpliesthattheFourteenthAmendmentmightnothavebeenenactedif（）.

5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Bypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforabroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalcitizenship.

B.InterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthavenotreachedconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequalprotectionclause.

C.NotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWardidtheSupremeCourtbegintointerprettheFourteenthAmendmentinamannerconsistentwiththeprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatitexpresses.

D.TheframersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereawarethatthephrase“equalprotectionofthelaws”hadbroadimplications.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.I-II-IV-III

B.I-IV-III-II

C.III-II-I-IV

D.II-I-IV-III

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.detailingtherightsaffordedbytheprincipleofequalcitizenship

B.providingsupportintheConstitutionforequalprotectionforallcitizensoftheUnitedStates.

C.overturningtheCivilRightsActof1866

D.assertingthatthecivilrightsprotectedbytheConstitutionincludednonracialdiscriminationaswellasracialdiscrimination.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Congress'authoritywithregardtolegislatingcivilrightshadnotbeenchallenged.

B.theframershadanticipatedtheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.theframershadbelievedthatitwouldbeusedindecidingcasesofdiscriminationinvolvingnon-racialgroups.

D.Moststategovernmentshadbeenwillingtoprotectcitizens'civilrights.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.allowsomediscriminatorypracticestocontinueunimpededbytheFourteenthAmendment.

B.influencetheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.provideexpandedguidelinesdescribingprohibitedactions.

D.prohibitstatesfromenactinglawsthatviolatedtheintentoftheCivilRightsActof1866.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“...writeintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrights...”可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段第二句“allinterpretersagreethat...theCivilRightsActof1866”可知,選項(xiàng)B也錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知選項(xiàng)C正確；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒(méi)有提及。

2.根據(jù)原文可知,《民權(quán)法案》是1866年出臺(tái)的,《第十四條修正案》是1868年批準(zhǔn)的,所以首先排除選項(xiàng)C；根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,《民權(quán)法案》中的宣言其主要目的是為了反對(duì)最高法院在DredScott起訴Sanford案中做出的黑人可以被剝奪公民權(quán)的裁決。由此可知,訴訟發(fā)生在《民權(quán)法案》之前,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句,AndrewJohnson總統(tǒng)否決了《民權(quán)法案》,他認(rèn)為廢除奴隸制的第十三修正案沒(méi)有賦予國(guó)會(huì)權(quán)力將公民權(quán)和平等保護(hù)擴(kuò)展到被解放的奴隸。盡管國(guó)會(huì)很快推翻了Johnson的否決,但該法案的支持者試圖通過(guò)《第十四條修正案》確保其憲法基礎(chǔ)。由此可知,《第十四條修正案》的支持者最關(guān)心的是憲法是否為所有美國(guó)公民的平等保護(hù)提供了支持,選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知,如果國(guó)會(huì)在立法公民權(quán)利方面的權(quán)威沒(méi)有受到挑戰(zhàn),《第十四條修正案》也許不會(huì)頒布。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段“...,whichassertsthat“private”decisions...theFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.”該限制規(guī)定,公共設(shè)施和其他商業(yè)企業(yè)業(yè)主所做出的對(duì)其設(shè)施實(shí)行種族隔離的“私人”決定不受《第十四條修正案》保證的法律平等保護(hù)的影響。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

13.單選題

The（）beautyofthemountainhasmadeitaworld-famousresort.Everyyearnumeroustouristsfromhomeandabroadcometovisitit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.perpetual

B.perplexed

C.preserved

D.perished

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。perpetual"永久的,不斷的";perplexed"困感的,不知所措的";preserved"保存完好的";perished"消亡的,毀壞的"。句意：保存完好的山區(qū)風(fēng)景使得它成為世界聞名的旅游勝地。每年都有許多來(lái)自國(guó)內(nèi)外的游客來(lái)參觀。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

14.填空題

Englishasanofficiallanguagehasgainedmomentumasproponentskeepgoingtotheballotboxwithmeasuresthatdiscouragebilingualballots,noticesanddocuments.Thirtystalesnowhave（1）specifyingthatofficialgovernmentcommunicationsbeinEnglish,saysU.S.English,agroup（2）promotesthelaws.Thisyearsuchbillsareunder（3）in19legislatures."It'smultiplyingtremendously,"saysMauroMujica,aChileanimmigrantandchairmanandCEOofU.S.English."We'vemade（4）progress."

Criticsdonotseeprogress.Somesaytheincreaseinthemeasuresnationwidesendsahostile（5）tonewcomers."Itjustpoisonstheatmosphereinlocalcommunities,"saysJohnTrasvina,（6）andgeneralcounseloftheMexicanAmericanLegalDefenseandEducationalFund.Typicallytheproposedlaws（7）thatdocuments,ballotsandothercommunicationsbepublishedinEnglish.Exemptionsarecommunicationstoprotect（8）healthandsafetyoreffortstopromotetourism.

AdvocatessaytheyarenotsuggestingthatEnglishbetheonlylanguage（9）butthatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment.Mujica,whospeaksSpanishinhishome,saysrequiringEnglishforofficialbusinessencourages,（10）tolearnEnglish.Thatwillhelpthemtoassimilate（11）U.S.societyandprosperinitseconomy,hesays."We'remakingittooeasyforpeopletofunctioninotherlanguages,"hecomplains.

Buttheeffectivenessofthemovementisinquestionsincefederalsometimestrumpsastate'sofficialEnglishlaw.For（12）,theVotingRightsActrequirescertainlocalitiestopublishbilingualballots.“They'veraisedthelevelofanger（13）languagesotherthanEnglish,(but)haven'treallychangedthegovernment'sorbusinesses'wayofdoing（14），”

Trasvinasaid.RobToonkel,spokesmanforU.S.English,saysthatisnottrue.Hesaysthelawsdonotcovereverything（15）ensurethatthingslikedriver'slicenses,zoningformsandtheday-to-dayactivitiesareoverwhelminglyinEnglish.

【答案】1.laws

2.that

3.consideration

4.huge

5.message

6.president

7.require

8.public

9.spoken

10.immigrants

11.into

12.instance

13.against

14.business

15.but

【解析】1.通過(guò)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處應(yīng)填入名詞。結(jié)合本句翻譯：目前三十個(gè)州……規(guī)定英語(yǔ)為政府官方語(yǔ)言。因此推斷出所填入的名詞是laws，標(biāo)示……法律規(guī)定……

2.通過(guò)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：“agroup

promotesthelaws”這部分為U.S.English的同位語(yǔ)，其中“

promotesthelaws”為定語(yǔ)從句修飾agroup，故此處需填入引導(dǎo)詞that。

3.固定搭配。underconsideration“在考慮之中的”。

4.聯(lián)系上文含義。上文中“It'smultiplyingtremendously”的中文含義為：其正以驚人的速度成倍增加。推斷出所填入的詞為huge。

5.固定搭配。sendamessageto…“向……傳遞信息”。

6.通過(guò)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知26andgeneralcounseloftheMexicanAmericanLegalDefenseandEducationalFund為JohnTrasvina的同位語(yǔ)。generalcounsel意為總顧問(wèn)，由此可以推斷出此處也應(yīng)填入表示職位的名詞。因此答案為president。

7.分析句子Typicallytheproposedlaws__thatdocuments,ballotsandothercommunicationsbepublishedinEnglish.得出這里是虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞從句中的應(yīng)用：“bepublishedinEnglish”在此處省略了should。由此可以推斷所填入的詞是一個(gè)表示“命令、要求、建議等語(yǔ)氣”的動(dòng)詞，因此答案為require。

8.固定搭配。publichealthandsafety意為公共衛(wèi)生安全。

9.分析句子...thatEnglishbetheonlylanguage

butthatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment結(jié)構(gòu)可知：thatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment為賓語(yǔ)從句。因此應(yīng)填入的詞與賓語(yǔ)從句中的used是對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，因此填入spoken。

10.聯(lián)系上下文可以推斷出此處指的是“鼓勵(lì)外來(lái)移民學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)”，故所填入的詞是immigrants。

11.固定搭配。assimilateinto意為“使同化，（使）逐漸'混合于（某—更大的群體）”。

12.固定搭配。Forinstance“例如”。

13.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：“33languagesotherthanEnglish”做后置定語(yǔ)修飾anger。anger通常與介詞against搭配使用，故此處應(yīng)填入against。

14.固定搭配。wayofdoingbusiness意為“經(jīng)營(yíng)方式”。

15.句子Hesaysthelawsdonotcovereverything

ensurethatthingslikedriver'slicenses,zoningformsandtheday-to-dayactivitiesareoverwhelminglyinEnglish.的中文翻譯為：他說(shuō)，這些法律并沒(méi)有涵蓋所有內(nèi)容，

確保了像駕駛執(zhí)照、分區(qū)表和日常活動(dòng)都是用英語(yǔ)書(shū)寫(xiě)的。可知句子缺少表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞，因此填入but。

15.單選題

Electriceelsusechargesto______preyandalsostunthembeforetheyeatthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.examine

B.detect

C.determine

D.search

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)examine“檢查”；B選項(xiàng)detect“探測(cè)”；C選項(xiàng)determine“決定”；D選項(xiàng)search“搜索”。句意：電鰻利用電荷探測(cè)獵物，并在吃掉獵物之前把它們打暈。本句表示探測(cè)獵物。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Theappearanceofthisusedcarisquite（

）,anditismuchnewerthanitreallyis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.descriptive

B.impressive

C.deceptive

D.indicative

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Descriptive“描述性的”；impressive“令人印象深刻的”；deceptive“欺騙性的，迷惑的”；indicative“指示的”。根據(jù)句意“這輛舊車看起來(lái)比實(shí)際上要新”可知前文是說(shuō)車的外表有迷惑性，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

17.單選題

AriellaRosengardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniadidn’tsetouttoscareanyone.Shejustwantedtoinvestigatealittle-understoodpartoftheimmunesystembystudyinghowviralproteinsinteractwithit.Atfirst,Rosengardworkedwithacommonviruscalledvaccinia.Butvacciniararelymakespeoplesick,andshebegantoworrythatitwouldn’ttellhermuchaboutthehumanimmunesystem.Sosheturnedtoacloselyrelated,farmorefearsomevirus:smallpox.

Smallpoxvirusisn’teasytocomeby.Officially,itresidesinonlytwoplaces—securelabsintheUnitedStatesandRussia.ButRosengarddidn’tneedthevirusitself.ScientistshavemadeitsgeneticcodefreelyavailableontheInternet,givingherthedatasheneededtosynthesizeakeysmallpoxproteininthelab.Test-tubestudiesshowedthatitworksfarbetterthanthecorrespondingvacciniaproteinatblockingakeystepinthehumanimmuneresponse.Thediscoverymayhelpexplainwhysmallpoxkills,anditcouldleadtonewtreatments.

ButwhenRosengardpublishedherreportlastmonthintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,aslightlydefensivecommentaryappearedwithit.Thearticlesaiditwouldbeunlikelytousetheworkasablueprintformakingvacciniamorelikesmallpox.Itacknowledged,however,that“theideathatbioterroristsmightbetemptedtoattemptsuchanexperimenthasbeensuggestedasareasonforconsideringitunwisetopublishobservationsofthisnature.”

Rosengardrejectstheideathatbasicsciencelikehersshouldbeputunderwraps.“Thinkhowmanybrilliantmindswouldnotbeabletoparticipateinfindingacure,”shesays.“Youcan’tpredictthemindofamadman.Thebestdefenseagainstanyvirusisunderstandinghowitfunctions.”

Mostbiologistswouldagree.Butthesedays,theyfindthemselvesgrapplingwithadilemma,astheirtraditionofopennessclasheswiththefearthatwell-intentionedresearchcouldbemisusedtodevelopbioweapons.Asmuchasscientistsfearaidingtheirenemies,theygetunnervedwhengovernmentofficialstalkaboutrestrictingtheirfreedomtopublish.Onething’sforsure—theproblemwon’tjustgoaway.Thegovernmenthasproposedadramaticincreaseinfundingforbasicresearchonpotentialbiowarfareagents.Thismeansthatmanymorescientistswillstudydeadlygerms,andthey’llinevitablywanttopublishwhattheyfind.

1.WhydidAriellaRosengarddecidetostudysmallpox?

2.Howdidsheobtainthesmallpoxprotein?

3.Smallpoxis

deadlyprobablybecause（

）.

4.AccordingtothecommentarymentionedinParagraph3,Rosengard’sreport

（

）.

5.Rosengardthinksthatbasicscience

（

）.

6.Accordingtothefinalparagraph,biologistsareworriedabout（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausesmallpoxisbecomingmoreimportantandcomplicated.

B.Becausesmallpoxismorefamiliartoscientiststoday.

C.Becausethesmallpoxviruscanbeobtainedmoreeasily.

D.Becausesmallpoxcanrevealmoreabouttheimmunesystem.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Shemadeitfrominformationavailableonline.

B.Shereliedonsecurelabsforasample.

C.Shedevelopeditbyusingvacciniavirus.

D.Shereceivedhelpfromgovernment.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itkillsvacciniainthehumanimmunesystem

B.itstopsthereactionofthehumanimmunesystem

C.itcausesthehumanimmunesystemtoattackproteins

D.itreproducesquicklyinthehumanimmunesystem

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.wouldbecriticized

B.wouldhelpcontrolsmallpox

C.wouldmisleadresearchers

D.wouldleadtomorepublicationsaboutsmallpox

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.shouldhavealong-termperspective

B.shouldreceivemorefinancialsupport

C.shouldfocusonacademicresearch

D.shoulddevelopinanopenmanner

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.alossofmotivationamongresearchers

B.fundingfromthegovernment

C.theirfreedomtopublish

D.theprospectsoftheirresearch

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“…shebegantoworrythatitwouldn’ttellhermuchaboutthehumanimmunesystem.Sosheturnedtoacloselyrelated,farmorefearsomevirus:smallpox.（她開(kāi)始擔(dān)心這并不能告訴她很多關(guān)于人類免疫系統(tǒng)的信息。因此，她轉(zhuǎn)向了一種與之密切相關(guān)、可怕得多的病毒:天花。）”即可得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“smallpoxprotein”,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“ScientistshavemadeitsgeneticcodefreelyavailableontheInternet,givingherthedatasheneededtosynthesizeakeysmallpoxproteininthelab.（科學(xué)家們?cè)诨ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)上免費(fèi)提供了它的遺傳密碼，為她提供了在實(shí)驗(yàn)室合成一種關(guān)鍵天花蛋白所需的數(shù)據(jù)。）”即可得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“deadly”，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“itworksfarbetterthanthecorrespondingvacciniaproteinatblockingakeystepinthehumanimmuneresponse（它比相應(yīng)的牛痘蛋白在阻斷人體免疫反應(yīng)中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵步驟方面效果要好得多）”即可得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第三段。根據(jù)“aslightlydefensivecommentaryappearedwithit（與此同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了一篇略帶辯護(hù)意味的評(píng)論）”“unlikely（不太可能的）”“unwise（不明智的）”即可得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Rosengard”,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第四段第一句。根據(jù)“Rosengardrejectstheideathatbasicsciencelikehersshouldbeputunderwraps.（羅辛格反對(duì)像她這樣的基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)應(yīng)該保密的觀點(diǎn)。）”,即可得出本題答案。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段。根據(jù)“theygetunnervedwhengovernmentofficialstalkaboutrestrictingtheirfreedomtopublish（當(dāng)政府官員談?wù)撓拗扑麄兊某霭孀杂蓵r(shí)，他們會(huì)感到不安）”即可得出本題答案。

18.單選題

Largeanimalsthatinhabitthedeserthaveevolvedanumberofadaptationsforreducingtheeffectsofextremeheat.Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbthesun’srays.Desertmammalsalsodepartfromthenormalmammalianpracticeofmaintainingaconstantbodytemperature.Insteadoftryingtokeepdownthebodytemperaturedeepinsidethebody,whichwouldinvolvetheexpenditureofwaterandenergy,desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight,andtemperaturesashighas46degreesCelsiushavebeenmeasuredinGrant’sgazelles.Theoverheatedbodythencoolsdownduringthecolddesertnight,andindeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel.Thisisanadvantagesincetheheatofthefirstfewhoursofdaylightisabsorbedinwarmingupthebody,andanexcessivebuildupofheatdoesnotbeginuntilwellintotheday.

Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals.Thecamelcanloseupto30percentofitsbodyweightaswaterwithoutharmtoitself,whereashumanbeingsdieafterlosingonly12to13percentoftheirbodyweight.Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink.Desertanimalscandrinkhugevolumesinashorttime,andcamelshavebeenknowntoimbibe（吸收）over100litersinafewminutes.Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication.Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert，asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparsepastures.Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated.Itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderatethirst.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whylightincolorisimportanttolargeanimalsindeserts?

3.Whatwillbefataltonon-adaptedanimals?

4.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdesert-adaptedmammals?

5.WhatisthefollowingstrategyNOTmentionedbytheauthor?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Animalsdevelopeddifferentstrategiestosurvive.

B.Largeanimalscantakestrategiestoreducetheeffectofextremeheat

C.Animalscantoleratethelossofbodywater.

D.Averydehydratedpersoncandrinkenoughwatertorehydrate

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpedthemmaintainaconstantnormalbodytemperature.

B.Itreflectsratherthanabsorbsthesun-light

C.Ithelpsthemseetheirpeersatnight

D.Ithelpsthemkeepcoolduringthenight

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Keepinganormalbodytemperature

B.Drinkingpollutedwater

C.Drinkinghugevolumesofwaterinashorttime

D.Feedingwhendehydrated

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theydonotneedtoeatmuchfood.

B.Theycaneatlargequantitiesquickly

C.Theyeasilylosetheirappetites

D.Theycantravellongdistanceslookingforfood.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thebodytemperaturecanbeextremelyhighandcold

B.Toleratethelossofbodywaterandreplenishitimmediately

C.Lostappetiteundertheconditionofmoderatethirsty

D.Tobelightincolor

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。本文主要內(nèi)容是：為了降低酷熱的影響，生活在沙漠中的大型動(dòng)物已經(jīng)進(jìn)化來(lái)適應(yīng)這種環(huán)境，如：顏色變淺，調(diào)節(jié)體溫，忍受身體水分喪失等。因此，A項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物發(fā)展出不同的生存策略”符合文章大意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出：Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbthesun’srays（一種適應(yīng)是讓自己顏色變淺，反射而不是吸收太陽(yáng)光線）。由此可知，淺色對(duì)沙漠中的大型動(dòng)物很重要，是因?yàn)闇\色反射太陽(yáng)光。故選B項(xiàng)。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出：Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication（另一方面，一個(gè)極度脫水的人，不能一次性地喝大量的水來(lái)補(bǔ)充所缺水分，因?yàn)槿说奈覆粔虼?，而且體液的迅速稀釋會(huì)導(dǎo)致水中毒而引起死亡）。因此，C項(xiàng)“短時(shí)間飲大量的水”正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:它們不需要吃很多食物。B:它們可以快速地大量進(jìn)食。A項(xiàng)與B項(xiàng)在文中并未被提及。C:它們很容易失去食欲。第二段指出：Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated（適應(yīng)沙漠的哺乳動(dòng)物還有在極度脫水時(shí)正常進(jìn)食的能力）。因此C項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。D:它們可以長(zhǎng)途跋涉尋找食物。第二段指出：Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparsepastures（在沙漠中，能夠忍受水分流失是一個(gè)明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)，這樣動(dòng)物不必待在水源附近，而是可以從廣闊的牧場(chǎng)獲得食物）。由此可知，能忍受水分流失的動(dòng)物能長(zhǎng)途跋涉來(lái)喂飽自己。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:體溫可以非常高和低。第一段指出：desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight（沙漠哺乳動(dòng)物允許它們的體溫上升到一般認(rèn)為發(fā)燒的溫度），以及：indeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel（事實(shí)上，到黎明時(shí)分，氣溫會(huì)降得異常低，駱駝體內(nèi)的溫度會(huì)低到34攝氏度）。因此A項(xiàng)有被提及。B:忍受體內(nèi)水分的流失，并立即補(bǔ)充水分。第二段指出：Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals（大型沙漠動(dòng)物的另一種策略是忍受體內(nèi)水分的流失，這種流失對(duì)那些還沒(méi)有適應(yīng)環(huán)境的動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)是致命的）,以及：Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink（一種同樣重要的適應(yīng)能力是在一次飲水中補(bǔ)充損失的水分）。因此B項(xiàng)有被提及。C:中度口渴的情況下沒(méi)有食欲。D:顏色變淺。第一段指出：Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbthesun’srays（一種進(jìn)化是讓自己變成淺色，反射而不是吸收太陽(yáng)光線）。因此D項(xiàng)也有被提及。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有C項(xiàng)不是沙漠動(dòng)物為適應(yīng)環(huán)境形成的進(jìn)化，故選C。

19.單選題

Oldbeliefsdiehard;evenwhenjobsbecame（）,thelong-standingfearthatunemploymentcouldreturnatamoment’snoticepersisted.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.precious

B.pervasive

C.plentiful

D.persuasive

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Precious“寶貴的，珍貴的”；pervasive“無(wú)處不在的，普遍的”；plentiful“富足的，大量的”；persuasive“有說(shuō)服力的”。句意：舊觀念難改。即使就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)充足時(shí)，人們還是長(zhǎng)期害怕失業(yè)會(huì)來(lái)臨。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

20.單選題

AccordingtotheU.S.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration(NHTSA),carcrashesaretheleadingcauseofdeathamongchildren__51__5and14yearsofage.SaysNHTSA:“Over50%ofchildrenwhodieincrashesare__52__bysafetydevices.__53__,4outof5childrenareimproperlyrestrained.”

TheNHTSAoffersanumberofsafetytipsand__54__forthosewhoareaccompaniedbychildrenwhiledriving.Althoughlaws__55__fromcountrytocountry