考研考博-英語-大連軟件職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連軟件職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thecanopy,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest,holdsahugenumberofclimbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize,whichmayincludemonkeys,cats,civets,andporcupines.Smallerspecies,includingsuchrodentsasmiceandsmallsquirrels,arenotasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesastheyareinmosthabitatsglobally.

Smallmammals,beingwarmblooded,sufferhardshipintheexposedandturbulentenvironmentoftheuppermosttrees.Becauseasmallbodyhasmoresurfaceareaperunitofweightthanalargeoneofsimilarshape,itgainsorlosesheatmoreswiftly.Thus,inthetrees,whereshelterfromheatandcoldmaybescarceandconditionsmayfluctuate,asmallmammalmayhavetroublemaintainingitsbodytemperature.

Smallsizemakesiteasytoscrambleamongtwigsandbranchesinthecanopyforinsects,flowers,orfruit,butsmallmammalsaresurpassed,inthecompetitionforfood,bylargeonesthathavetheirowntacticsforbrowsingamongfood-richtwigs.Theweightofagibbon(asmallape)hangingbelowabrancharchestheterminalleavesdownsothatfruit-bearingfoliagedropstowardthegibbon’sface.Walkingorleapingspeciesofasimilarorevenlargersizeaccesstheoutertwigseitherbysnappingoffandretrievingthewholebranchorbyclutchingstiffbrancheswiththefeetortailandpluckingfoodwiththeirhands.

Smallclimbinganimalsmayreachtwigsreadily,butitisharderforthemthanforlargeclimbinganimalstocrossthewidegapsfromonetreecrowntothenextthattypifythehighcanopy.Amacaqueorgibboncanhurlitselffartherthanamousecan:itcanachievearunningstart,anditcanmoreeffectivelyuseabranchasaspringboard,evenbouncingonalimbseveraltimesbeforejumping.Theforwardmovementofasmallanimalisseriouslyreducedbytheairfrictionagainsttherelativelylargesurfaceareaofitsbody.Finally,forthemanysmallmammalsthesupplementtheirinsectdietwithfruitsorseeds,aninabilitytospanopengapsbetweentreecrownsmaybeproblematic,sincetreesthatyieldthesefoodscanbesparse.

21.Whichofthefollowinganimalsislesscommonintheuppercanopy?

22.Theword“they”(inParagraph1)refersto______.

23.Theword“typify”(inParagraph2)isclosestinmeaningto______.

24.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?

25.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageanswer?

問題1選項

A.Monkeys.

B.Cats.

C.Porcupines.

D.Mice.

問題2選項

A.trees

B.climbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize

C.smallerspecies

D.hightropicalcanopies

問題3選項

A.resemble

B.protect

C.characterize

D.divide

問題4選項

A.Canopy

B.Terminalleaves

C.Springboard

D.Airfriction

問題5選項

A.Howistherainforestdifferentfromotherhabitats?

B.Howdoesananimal’sbodysizeinfluenceananimal’sneedforfood?

C.Whydoesrainforestprovideanunusualvarietyoffoodforanimals?

D.Whydolargeanimalstendtodominatetheuppercanopyoftherainforest?

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】21.【選項釋義】

21.Whichofthefollowinganimalsislesscommonintheuppercanopy?21.以下哪一種動物在樹冠上層不常見？

A.Monkeys.A.猴子。

B.Cats.B.貓。

C.Porcupines.C.豪豬。

D.Mice.D.老鼠。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】第一段第一句“在雨林的樹冠層（canopy），也就是樹木的上層（upperlevelofthetrees），有大量的中等大小的爬行哺乳動物，其中可能包括猴子、貓、果子貍和豪豬”可知，在樹冠上層常見的動物是猴子、貓、果子貍和豪豬；結合第二句“較小的物種，包括老鼠和小松鼠等嚙齒動物，在熱帶高樹冠層中并不像（notasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesas）在全球大多數(shù)棲息地中那樣普遍”，由其中的notasprevalent可知，老鼠和小松鼠這種較小的物種在樹冠上層并不常見，D項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項都是在樹冠上層常見的動物，屬于反向干擾。

22.【選項釋義】

22.Theword“they”(inParagraph1)refersto______.22.第一段中的“他們”指的是______。

A.treesA.樹

B.climbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesizeB.中等大小的攀爬哺乳動物

C.smallerspeciesC.較小的物種

D.hightropicalcanopiesD.高熱帶的樹冠

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位第一段第二句“較小的物種（Smallerspecies），包括老鼠和小松鼠等嚙齒動物，在熱帶高樹冠層中并不像在全球大多數(shù)棲息地中那樣普遍（notasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesastheyareinmosthabitatsglobally）”，其中用了as…as…的比較，比較的是inhightropicalcanopies和inmosthabitatsglobally，所以they指的是前面所提到的smallspecies，C項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項都不正確，屬于曲解原文。

23.【選項釋義】

23.Theword“typify”(inParagraph4)isclosestinmeaningto______.23.第四段中typify這個單詞的意思最接近______。

A.resembleA.相像

B.protectB.保護

C.characterizeC.特征

D.divideD.分割

【考查點】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】定位第四段第一句“小型攀援動物能夠容易地爬樹枝，但相比大型攀援動物來說，它們更難跨過從一個樹冠到另一個typify為高樹冠之間的寬間隙”，從句子中可知，typify在定語從句中做的是謂語動詞，賓語是highcanopy，來修飾nexttreecrown，而high就是nexttreecrown的特征，所以typify的意思和“特征”相近，C項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項屬于曲解原文。

24.【選項釋義】

24.Whichofthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?24.下面哪個術語在文章中有定義？

A.CanopyA.樹冠

B.TerminalleavesB.頂端的葉子

C.SpringboardC.跳板

D.AirfrictionD.空氣阻力

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位文章第一句“樹冠層，也就是雨林樹木的上層（Thecanopy,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest）”，可知canopy的定義在文章有解釋，A項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項均沒有提到它們的定義，屬于出處錯位。

25.【選項釋義】

25.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageanswer?25.這篇文章回答了下列哪個問題？

A.Howistherainforestdifferentfromotherhabitats?A.熱帶雨林與其他棲息地有何不同？

B.Howdoesananimal’sbodysizeinfluenceananimal’sneedforfood?B.動物的體型如何影響動物對食物的需求？

C.Whydoesrainforestprovideanunusualvarietyoffoodforanimals?C.為什么雨林為動物提供了不同尋常的食物？

D.Whydolargeanimalstendtodominatetheuppercanopyoftherainforest?D.為什么大型動物傾向于支配熱帶雨林的上層樹冠？

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】這篇文章主要描述了動物棲息在樹冠層的優(yōu)點，第一段先介紹樹冠上常見的棲息動物；接著后面三段通過對小型哺乳動物和大型哺乳動物在樹冠層生存的對比，來介紹大型動物更有利于支配雨林的上層樹冠，如第三段第一句“小型身材利于它們在樹冠的樹枝和樹干間攀爬來尋找昆蟲、花、或水果，但在對食物的競爭上小型哺乳動物卻被大型哺乳動物超越，大型的動物有它們自己的策略來穿梭于食物豐富的樹枝間”，以及最后一段第一句“小型攀援動物能夠容易地爬樹枝，但相比大型攀援動物來說，它們更難跨過從一個樹冠到另一個高樹冠之間的寬間隙”，所以D項是文章回答的問題。

【干擾項排除】

A、C選項文中沒有對雨林進行比較，屬于無中生有；

B選項屬于以偏概全，不夠全面。

2.單選題

Jazztendstobeacasualdialogueformofdancequite（）inthereceptiveandmechanicalformsofthewaltz.

問題1選項

A.lacked

B.lacking

C.forlackof

D.lackof

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法知識。空格處詞語用來修飾前面的dance，所以是形容詞性。lack與dance之間是主動關系，因此應使用動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式來修飾。因此B選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Wewillintroducelegislationtosimplifytrademarkregistrationsandextendtherightsthey______.

問題1選項

A.confer

B.exclude

C.allot

D.commend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項confer“授予（獎項、學位、榮譽或權利）”；B選項exclude“不放在考慮之列；防止……進入，阻止……參加，把……排斥在外”；C選項allot“分配，配給（時間、錢財?shù)龋?；分派（任務等）”；D選項commend“贊揚；舉薦”。句意：我們將出臺立法，簡化商標注冊程序，擴大他們______的權利。橫線處和they形成主謂關系來修飾rights“權利”，A選項confer“授予（獎項、學位、榮譽或權利）”對應rights“權利”，符合題意。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

Williamneverworksrapidly,healways（

）ineverythingthathedoes.

問題1選項

A.takeshistime

B.makestime

C.keepsgoodtime

D.losestime

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項“不慌不忙”；B選項“抽出時間”；C選項“（鐘表）走的準”；D選項“耽誤時間，失去時機”。句意：威廉做事不快，他總是（）做他的事。從前面的句子neverworksrapidly可知，這里答案選A“不慌不忙”，其他選項不符合邏輯。

5.單選題

Weallknowthatmanymorepeopletodayareright-handedthanleft-handed.Canonetracethissamepatternfarbackinprehistory?Muchoftheevidenceaboutright-handversusleft-handdominancecomesfromstencilsandprintsfoundinrocksheltersinAustraliaandelsewhere,andinmanyIceAgecavesinFrance,Spain,andTasmania.Whenalefthandhasbeenstenciled,thisimpliesthattheartistwasright-handed,andviceversa.Eventhoughthepaintwasoftensprayedonbymonth,onecanassumethatthedominanthandassistedintheoperation.Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.

Caveartfurnishesothertypesofevidenceofthisphenomenon.Mostengravings,forexample,arebestlitfromtheleft,asbefitstheworkofright-handedartists,whogenerallyprefertohavethelightsourceontheleftsothattheshadowoftheirhanddoesnotfallonthetipoftheengravingtoolorbrush.InthefewcaseswhereanIceAgefigureisdepictedholdingsomething,itismostly,thoughnotalways,intherighthand.

Cluestoright-handednesscanalsobefoundbyothermethods.Right-handerstendtohavelonger,stronger,andmoremuscularbonesontherightside,andMarcellinBouleaslongagoas1911notedtheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletonhadarightupperarmbonethatwasnoticeablystrongerthantheleft.SimilarobservationshavebeenmadeonotherNeanderthalskeletonssuchasLaFerrassieIandNeanderthalitself.

Fracturesandothercutmarksareanothersourceofevidence.Right-handedsoldierstendtobewoundedontheleft.Theskeletonofa40-or50-year-oldNabateanwarrior,buried2,000yearsagointheNegevDesert,Israel,hadmultiplehealedfracturestotheskull,theleftarm,andtheribs.

Toolsthemselvescanberevealing.Long-handedNeolithicspoonsofyewwoodpreservedinAlpinevillagesdatingto3000B.C.havesurvived;thesignsofrubbingontheirleftsideindicatethattheiruserswereright-handed.ThelateIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascauxconsistsoffibersspiralingtotheright,andwasthereforetressedbyaright-hander.

Occasionallyonecandeterminewhetherstonetoolswereusedintherighthandortheleft,anditisevenpossibletoassesshowfarbackthisfeaturecanbetraced.Instonetoolmakingexperiments,NickToth,aright-hander,heldthecore(thestonethatwouldbecomethetool)inhislefthandandthehammerstoneinhisright.Asthetoolwasmade,thecorewasrotatedclockwise,andtheflakes,removedinsequence,hadalittlecrescentofcortex(thecore’soutersurface)ontheside.Toth’sknappingproduced56percentflakeswiththecortexontheright,and44percentleft-orientedflakes.Aleft-handedtoolmakerwouldproducetheoppositepatternTothhasappliedthesecriteriatothesimilarlymadepebbletoolsfromanumberofearlysites(before1.5millionyears)atKoobiFora,Kenya,probablymadebyHomohabilis.Atsevensiteshefoundthat57percentoftheflakeswereright-oriented,and43percentleft,apatternalmostidenticaltothatproducedtoday.

About90percentofmodernhumansareright-handed:wearetheonlymammalwithapreferentialuseofonehand.Thepartofthebrainresponsibleforfinecontrolandmovementislocatedintheleftcerebralhemisphere，andthefindingsabovesuggestthatthehumanbrainwasalreadyasymmetricalinitsstructureandfunctionnotlongafter2millionyearsago.AmongNeanderthalersof70,000-35,000yearsago,MarcellinBoulenotedthattheLaChapelle-aux-Saintsindividualhadalefthemisphereslightlybiggerthantheright，andthesamewasfoundforbrainsofspecimensfromNeanderthal,Gibraltar,andLaQuina.

54.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraphs1and2asevidenceofright-handednessinartandartistsEXCEPT______.

55.TheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletoncanbeidentifiedasright-handedbecause______.

56.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfracturesandcutmarkscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

57.WhydoestheauthormentiontheIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascaux?

問題1選項

A.theidealsourceoflightingformostengravings

B.thefactthatalefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightlooklikearighthand

C.theprevalenceofoutlinesoflefthands

D.figuresinprehistoricartholdingobjectswiththerighthand

問題2選項

A.otherNeanderthalskeletonsfoundnearbyarealsoright-handed

B.therightarmboneisstrongerthantheleft

C.itissimilartoskeletonsofLaFerrassieIandNeanderthal

D.therightsideoftheskeletonshowslessevidenceoffractures

問題3選項

A.Fracturesandcutmarkscausedbyright-handedsoldierstendtooccurontherightsideoftheinjuredparty’sbody.

B.Therightarmsustainsmoreinjuriesbecause,asthedominantarm,itisusedmoreactively.

C.Inmostpeople,theleftsideofthebodyismorevulnerabletoinjurysinceitisnotdefendedeffectivelybythedominantarm.

D.Fracturesandcutmarksonfossilhumansprobablyoccurredafterdeath.

問題4選項

A.Asanexampleofanitemonwhichthemarksofwearimplythatitwasusedbyaright-handedperson.

B.Becausetressingisanactivitythatiseasierforaright-handedpersonthanforaleft-handedperson.

C.BecausethecaveofLascauxisthesitewhereresearchershavefoundseveralprehistorictoolsmadeforright-handedpeople.

D.Asanexampleofanitemwhoseconstructionshowsthatitwasmadebyaright-handedperson.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“除……外，以下所有內(nèi)容都在第1和第2段中提到，作為藝術和藝術家中慣用右手的證據(jù)”。根據(jù)第二段第二句Mostengravings,forexample,arebestlitfromtheleft,asbefitstheworkofright-handedartists,whogenerallyprefertohavethelightsourceontheleftsothattheshadowoftheirhanddoesnotfallonthetipoftheengravingtoolorbrush.（例如，大多數(shù)雕刻作品的光線最好從左邊照射，因為這很適合右手藝術家的作品，他們通常喜歡讓光線照在左邊，這樣他們的手的影子就不會落在雕刻工具或刷子的頂端。）可知，A項“是大多數(shù)雕刻品的理想的照明光源”。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.（我們不得不做出一種假設：雙手是手掌朝下被印刷出來的，而手掌朝上印刷出來的左手當然看起來像一只右手。在法國加爾加斯洞穴的158張模板中，有136張被確定為左手，只有22張是右手，因此，慣用右手的人占主導地位。）可知，C項“左手輪廓的盛行”是正確的，B項“事實上，用模板繪制的左手掌心向上可能看起來像右手”中的fact（事實）與原文不符，原文提到的是assumption（假設），而不是“事實”。由第二段最后一句InthefewcaseswhereanIceAgefigureisdepictedholdingsomething,itismostly,thoughnotalways,intherighthand.（在少數(shù)幾個冰河時期的人物被描繪成拿著東西的例子中，雖然不全是但大多數(shù)都是用右手拿著東西。）可知，D項“史前藝術中的人物用右手拿著東西”也符合。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼可以被確定為右撇子，因為……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句Right-handerstendtohavelonger,stronger,andmoremuscularbonesontherightside,andMarcellinBouleaslongagoas1911notedtheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletonhadarightupperarmbonethatwasnoticeablystrongerthantheleft.（右撇子的右側骨骼更長，更強壯，肌肉更發(fā)達。MarcellinBoule早在1911年提到的一塊名為LaChapelle-aux-Saints的尼安德特人的右上臂骨骼明顯比左上臂強壯。）可知，B項“右臂骨頭比左臂骨頭強壯”符合原文。第三段最后一句指出SimilarobservationshavebeenmadeonotherNeanderthalskeletonssuchasLaFerrassieIandNeanderthalitself.（對其他尼安德特人的骨架的調(diào)查也得到了類似的結果，例如LaFerrassieI和尼安德特人本身。）可知，名為LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼與其他尼安德特人、LaFerrassieI以及尼安德特人本身的骨骼都有類似的特點，即右臂骨頭比左臂骨頭強壯，并不是說他們的骨骼是相似的，C項“它與LaFerrassieI和尼安德特人的骨骼相似”偷換概念；A項“附近發(fā)現(xiàn)的其他尼安德特人骨骼也是右撇子”這是在發(fā)現(xiàn)名為LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼被確定為右撇子之后法身的，A項不選。D項“右側骨骼骨折的證據(jù)較少”，這是證明右撇子的另外一個證據(jù)，而不是證明名為LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼是右撇子的證據(jù)。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列關于骨折痕和割傷痕的陳述哪一個可以從文章中推斷出來？”。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第四段Fracturesandothercutmarksareanothersourceofevidence.Right-handedsoldierstendtobewoundedontheleft.Theskeletonofa40-or50-year-oldNabateanwarrior,buried2,000yearsagointheNegevDesert,Israel,hadmultiplehealedfracturestotheskull,theleftarm,andtheribs.（斷裂痕與割傷痕也是論據(jù)的另一來源。右撇子勇士一般都是左側容易受傷。在以色列的內(nèi)蓋夫的戈壁中被埋了2000多年的一個40-50歲之間的Nabatean勇士的骨架，在他的頭部、左臂和肋骨上有多處已愈合的傷痕。），從中可知，習慣使用右撇子的人左側受傷會更多，可以推斷這是由于右撇子的人的右側被占主導地位的右手保護，所以左側受傷更多，A項“右撇子士兵造成的骨折和割傷往往發(fā)生在受傷方身體的右側”和B項“右臂受傷更多，因為右臂作為主要的手臂，使用更積極”錯誤；C項“對于大多數(shù)人來說，身體的左半邊更容易受傷，因為它沒有被占主導地位的手臂有效地保護”符合題意。D項“人類化石上的骨折和割傷很可能是死后造成的”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

57.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“為什么作者提到在法國Lascaux洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)的冰河時期的繩子？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第五段Toolsthemselvescanberevealing…ThelateIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascauxconsistsoffibersspiralingtotheright,andwasthereforetressedbyaright-hander.（工具本身也會反映這一現(xiàn)象……在法國的Lascaux巖洞藝術找到的冰川時代末期的繩子是由向右旋轉的纖維捆成的，當然也就證實了出自右撇子之手。），由此可以推斷，作者提到法國Lascaux洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)的冰河時期的繩子是為了對第五段第一句提供關于通過物品判斷右撇子的例證，D項“作為一件由右撇子制造的物品的例子”符合。A項“作為一件物品的例子，它的磨損痕跡表明它是由右撇子使用的”中的“磨損”并不屬于繩子上的。B項“因為穿衣服對右撇子來說比左撇子更容易”在該段落并未提及。C項“因為在Lascaux洞穴，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些為右撇子的人制作的史前工具”并不符合題干。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

6.單選題

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandrears,bythelate1970s.neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust"mentalnoise"therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostatregulatingmoodswhilethebrainisoff-line"Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,"it'syourdream"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.

Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofZingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet,"Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday"saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright'sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon'talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday'sevents-until,itappears,webegintodream.

Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream,visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeisoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof"wewakeupinapanic”.CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings,sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams

（

）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow（

）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto

（

）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat

（

）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavehaddreams?

問題1選項

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

問題2選項

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex

問題3選項

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind.

B.developintohappydreams.

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep.

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight.

問題4選項

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontroll

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

問題5選項

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.（一位權威人士說，這些強大的精神事件不僅可以被利用，而且實際上可以在有意識的控制下，幫助我們睡眠和感覺更好）"it'syourdream"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.可知選A。

第2題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortexisrelativelyquiet,"Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday"可知邊緣系統(tǒng)（“情感大腦”）特別活躍，夢里的感覺會影響一天的情緒，因此選C，作者是為了說明夢與情緒的關系。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.（大多數(shù)人在晚上入睡的較早階段做更多不好的夢，在快醒來之前，會逐漸做一些更開心的夢，這意味著他們在克服白天產(chǎn)生的負面情緒）因此選D。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.（而該過程不一定是無意識的。Cartwright認為人們練習有意識地控制反復出現(xiàn)的惡夢）可知D選項“做夢可能并不完全屬于無意識”符合題意。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof"wewakeupinapanic”可知只要夢不使我們無法入睡或從夢中驚醒，就幾乎沒有理由關注我們做的夢，因此對有時做夢的人來說，像以往正常的生活就行，故選A。

7.單選題

RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforceinbringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea“virtual”orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners.

“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.

ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmets(頭盔)thatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.

AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforce,textures,andsound.

Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.

Duringtheseprocedures-operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered-surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan.

Satavasays,“Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine.”

1.AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine（）.

2.Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?

3.RichardSatavahasvisionsof（）.

4.Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause（）.

5.Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.

問題1選項

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefieldt

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefieldt

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

問題2選項

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.t

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.t

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinedtothem.t

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.t

問題3選項

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseast

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefieldt

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeonst

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseast

問題4選項

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreent

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentanglest

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnifiedt

D.heiswearing3-Dglassest

問題5選項

A.causelesspaintothewoundedt

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequicklyt

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstedioust

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecision

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)薩塔瓦，虛擬現(xiàn)實在醫(yī)學上的應用……”。第二段提到“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（薩塔瓦說：“有了虛擬現(xiàn)實技術，我們將能夠在每條戰(zhàn)壕里都安置一名外科醫(yī)生?！彼O想有一天，在海外戰(zhàn)斗中受傷的士兵可以被安置在配備電腦的移動手術室），由此可以推理，虛擬現(xiàn)實在醫(yī)學上的應用可以改善戰(zhàn)場上的醫(yī)療條件，故C項“將大大改善戰(zhàn)場上的醫(yī)療條件”正確。A項“將使外科醫(yī)生能夠親臨每一個戰(zhàn)場”，表述與原文不符；B項“可以鼓舞在戰(zhàn)場上受傷的士兵的精神”和D項“可以縮短在戰(zhàn)場上受傷的士兵的行動時間”文章沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“如何進行虛擬現(xiàn)實手術？”。根據(jù)文章第四段第三句Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.（當外科醫(yī)生觀察手術的三維圖像時，他們移動與計算機相連的儀器，計算機將他們的動作傳遞給實施手術的機器人儀器）可知，C項“外科醫(yī)生通過排列在機器上的計算機移動機器器械”正確。A項“它是由計算機設計的高精度設備執(zhí)行的”沒有提到；B項“外科醫(yī)生戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實頭盔接受電腦提供的反饋”，第三段提到Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmetsthatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.（外科醫(yī)生將通過虛擬現(xiàn)實頭盔觀察士兵，頭盔上有一個顯示傷口圖像的小屏幕），可知醫(yī)生是通過頭盔親自觀察士兵的傷情，而不是通過接收機器人的反饋；D項“一幅3d圖像記錄了外科醫(yī)生在手術過程中的動作”，第五段最后一句提到Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.（在切除大腦深處的腫瘤時，她在術前拍攝的病人大腦計算機圖形圖像中觀察手術工具的動作）可知，3d圖像是醫(yī)生用來觀察手術工具的動作，而不是記錄外科醫(yī)生的動作，D項表述不正確。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“薩塔瓦幻想……”。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（他設想有一天，在海外戰(zhàn)斗中受傷的士兵可以被安置在配備電腦的移動手術室）可推理，理查德?薩塔瓦設想受傷的戰(zhàn)士可以在移動的手術室