考研考博-英語-山西體育職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西體育職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

ThereisincreasingevidencethattheimpactsofmeteoriteshavehadimportanteffectsonEarth,particularlyinthefieldofbiologicalevolution.SuchimpactscontinuetoposeanaturalhazardtolifeonEarth.Twiceinthetwentiethcentury,largemeteoriteobjectsareknowntohavecollidedwithEarth.

Ifanimpactislargeenough,itcandisturbtheenvironmentoftheentireEarthandcauseanecologicalcatastrophe.Thebest-documentedsuchimpacttookplace65millionyearsagoattheendoftheCretaceousperiodofgeologicalhistory.ThisbreakinEarth’shistoryismarkedbyamassextinction,whenasmanyashalfthespeciesontheplanetbecameextinct.Whilethereareadozenormoremassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord,theCretaceousmassextinctionhasalwaysintriguedpaleontologistsbecauseitmarkstheendoftheageofthedinosaurs.Fortensofmillionsofyears,thosegreatcreatureshadflourished.Then,suddenly,theydisappeared.

ThebodythatimpactedEarthattheendoftheCretaceousperiodwasameteoritewithamassofmorethanatrilliontonsandadiameterofatleast10kilometers.Scientistsfirstidentifiedthisimpactin1980fromtheworldwidelayerofsedimentdepositedfromthedustcloudthatenvelopedtheplanetaftertheimpact.ThissedimentlayerisenrichedintheraremetaliridiumandotherelementsthatarerelativelyabundantinameteoritebutveryrareinthecrustofEarth.Evendilutedbytheterrestrialmaterialexcavatedfromthecrater,thiscomponentofmeteoritesiseasilyidentified.By1990geologistshadlocatedtheimpactsiteitselfintheYucatregionofMexico.Thecrater,nowdeeplyburiedinsediment,wasoriginallyabout200kilometersindiameter.

Thisimpactreleasedanenormousamountofenergy,excavatingacraterabouttwiceaslargeasthelunarcraterTycho.Theexplosionliftedabout100trilliontonsofdustintotheatmosphere,ascanbedeterminedbymeasuringthethicknessofthesedimentlayerformedwhenthisdustsettledtothesurface.Suchaquantityofmaterialwouldhaveblockedthesunlightcompletelyfromreachingthesurface,plungingEarthintoaperiodofcoldanddarknessthatlastedatleastseveralmonths.TheexplosionisalsocalculatedtohaveproducedvastquantitiesofnitricacidandmeltedrockthatsprayedoutovermuchofEarth,startingwidespreadfiresthatmusthaveconsumedmostterrestrialforestsandgrassland.Presumably,thoseenvironmentaldisasterscouldhavebeenresponsibleforthemassextinction,includingthedeathofthedinosaurs.

Severalothermassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecordhavebeententativelyidentifiedwithlargeimpacts,butnoneissodramaticastheCretaceousevent.Butevenwithoutsuchspecificdocumentation,itisclearthatimpactsofthissizedooccurandthattheirresultscanbecatastrophic.Whatisacatastropheforonegroupoflivingthings,however,maycreateopportunitiesforanothergroup.Followingeachmassextinction,thereisasuddenevolutionaryburstasnewspeciesdeveloptofilltheecologicalnichesopenedbytheevent.

Impactsbymeteoritesrepresentonemechanismthatcouldcauseglobalcatastrophesandseriouslyinfluencetheevolutionoflifeallovertheplanet.Accordingtosomeestimates,themajorityofallextinctionsofspeciesmaybeduetosuchimpacts.Suchaperspectivefundamentallychangesourviewofbiologicalevolution.Thestandardcriterionforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitssuccessincompetingwithotherspeciesandadaptingtoslowlychangingenvironments.Yetanequallyimportantcriterionistheabilityofaspeciestosurviverandomglobalecologicalcatastrophesduetoimpacts.

Earthisatargetinacosmicshootinggallery,subjecttorandomviolenteventsthatwereunsuspectedafewdecadesago.In1991theUnitedStatesCongressaskedNASAtoinvestigatethehazardposedtodaybylargeimpactsonEarth.Thegroupconductingthestudyconcludedfromadetailedanalysisthatimpactsfrommeteoritescanindeedbehazardous.Althoughthereisalwayssomeriskthatalargeimpactcouldoccur,carefulstudyshowsthatthisriskisquitesmall.

62.Inparagraph2,whydoestheauthorincludetheinformationthatdinosaurshadflourishedfortensofmillionsofyearsandthensuddenlydisappeared?

63.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthelocationofthemeteoriteimpactinMexico?

64.Theword“excavating”inPara.4isclosestinmeaningto____.

65.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefactorsthatareessentialforthesurvivalofaspeciesissupportedinParagraph6?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TosupporttheclaimthatthemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceousisthebest-documentedofthedozenorsomassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord.

B.ToexplainwhyasmanyashalfofthespeciesonEarthatthetimearebelievedtohavebecomeextinctattheendoftheCretaceous.

C.ToexplainwhypaleontologistshavealwaysbeenintriguedbythemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceous.

D.Toprovideevidencethatanimpactcanbelargeenoughtodisturbtheenvironmentoftheentireplanetandcauseanecologicaldisaster.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ThelocationoftheimpactsiteinMexicowaskeptsecretbygeologistsfrom1980to1990.

B.Itwasawell-knownfactthattheimpacthadoccurredintheYucatregion.

C.Geologistsknewthattherehadbeenanimpactbeforetheyknewwhereithadoccurred.

D.TheYucatregionwaschosenbygeologistsasthemostprobableimpactsitebecauseofitsclimate.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.diggingout

B.extending

C.destroying

D.coveringup

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Themostimportantfactorforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitsabilitytocompeteandadapttogradualchangesinitsenvironment.

B.Theabilityofaspeciestocompeteandadapttoagraduallychangingenvironmentisnottheonlyabilitythatisessentialforsurvival.

C.Sincemostextinctionsofspeciesareduetomajormeteoriteimpacts,theabilitytosurvivesuchimpactsisthemostimportantfactorforthesurvivalofaspecies.

D.Thefactorsthataremostimportantforthesurvivalofaspeciesvarysignificantlyfromonespeciestoanother.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】62.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干：在第二段中，作者為什么要包括恐龍繁衍了數(shù)千萬年然后突然消失的信息？定位到第二段最后一句Fortensofmillionsofyears,thosegreatcreatureshadflourished.Then,suddenly,theydisappeared.（千百萬年來，這些偉大的生物繁衍生息。然后，突然，他們消失了），然后這句話的前文Whilethereareadozenormoremassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord,theCretaceousmassextinctionhasalwaysintriguedpaleontologistsbecauseitmarkstheendoftheageofthedinosaurs.（盡管在地質(zhì)記錄中有十幾種或更多的大規(guī)模滅絕，但白堊紀(jì)的大規(guī)模滅絕總能引起古生物學(xué)家的興趣，因?yàn)樗鼧?biāo)志著恐龍時(shí)代的終結(jié)），因此C項(xiàng)“解釋為什么古生物學(xué)家總是對(duì)白堊紀(jì)末的大滅絕感興趣”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“為了證明白堊紀(jì)末的大滅絕是地質(zhì)記錄中十幾次大滅絕中記錄最完整的一次”，B項(xiàng)“解釋為什么當(dāng)時(shí)地球上有一半的物種在白堊紀(jì)末滅絕”，D項(xiàng)“提供證據(jù)，證明一次影響可能大到足以擾亂整個(gè)地球的環(huán)境，造成生態(tài)災(zāi)難”，均不符合題意。

63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。從第三段倒數(shù)第二句By1990geologistshadlocatedtheimpactsiteitselfintheYucatregionofMexico（到1990年，地質(zhì)學(xué)家已經(jīng)將撞擊地點(diǎn)定位在墨西哥的尤卡特地區(qū)）可知B項(xiàng)“眾所周知，撞擊發(fā)生在尤卡特地區(qū)”為正確答案。A項(xiàng)“1980年至1990年，地質(zhì)學(xué)家對(duì)墨西哥撞擊地點(diǎn)的位置保密”，C項(xiàng)“地質(zhì)學(xué)家在知道撞擊發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)之前就已經(jīng)知道了”，D項(xiàng)“由于氣候原因，地質(zhì)學(xué)家選擇尤卡特地區(qū)作為最可能的撞擊地點(diǎn)”，均在文中未體現(xiàn)，故錯(cuò)誤。

64.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。excavating“挖掘；開鑿”。A項(xiàng)“掘出”，B項(xiàng)“延伸；擴(kuò)展”，C項(xiàng)“摧毀；毀滅”，D項(xiàng)“掩蓋”，結(jié)合句意：這次撞擊釋放了巨大的能量，一個(gè)約為月球Tycho隕石坑兩倍大的隕石坑。因此A項(xiàng)符合題意。

65.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第六段第四句Thestandardcriterionforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitssuccessincompetingwithotherspeciesandadaptingtoslowlychangingenvironments.Yetanequallyimportantcriterionistheabilityofaspeciestosurviverandomglobalecologicalcatastrophesduetoimpacts.（一個(gè)物種生存的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是它能否成功地與其他物種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)并適應(yīng)緩慢變化的環(huán)境。然而，一個(gè)同樣重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是，一個(gè)物種是否有能力在隨機(jī)的全球生態(tài)災(zāi)難中生存下來）可知B項(xiàng)“物種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和適應(yīng)逐漸變化的環(huán)境的能力不是生存所必需的唯一能力”最貼近文意，是正確答案。A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)物種生存的最重要因素是它的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力和適應(yīng)環(huán)境逐漸變化的能力”，C項(xiàng)“由于大多數(shù)物種的滅絕都是由于主要的隕石撞擊造成的，因此在這種撞擊下生存的能力是物種生存的最重要因素”，D項(xiàng)“對(duì)于一個(gè)物種的生存來說，最重要的因素在不同的物種之間有很大的差異”，均未在第六段體現(xiàn)。

2.單選題

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnew

peoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.

Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehatsforexample.Incowclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:acyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWordWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshorteruntiltheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse?Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofmetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater;anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.

However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon’tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（

）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto

（

）.

3.Causesoffashionsare

（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes

（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.confidenceinlife

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion(十多歲或二十出頭的時(shí)候，會(huì)比一生當(dāng)中任何其他時(shí)期都關(guān)注自己的外表。極少人滿意自己的本來面貌，少數(shù)人足夠勇敢忽視時(shí)尚潮流),故選C(完全不忽視時(shí)尚潮流)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞magazineandTV定位至第二段:MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment(大多數(shù)時(shí)尚雜志或電視廣告總是告訴我們應(yīng)該穿什么或者應(yīng)該有什么行為。如果我們照做了，他們會(huì)告訴我們，我們可以有信心的交新朋友，充滿信心的處理事情，不會(huì)尷尬)。故選A。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞cause定位至第三段:Whatcausefashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion(什么導(dǎo)致了時(shí)尚變化呢？有時(shí)候便利，實(shí)用必須，或是一個(gè)有影響力的人的愛好都可以造就時(shí)尚)。故選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由關(guān)鍵詞freerandeasier定位至第五段:Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoourhairthewayyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion(當(dāng)今社會(huì)比曾經(jīng)更為自由和舒適。只要合情合理，或者做你喜歡的發(fā)型，而不是你應(yīng)該按照時(shí)尚去穿去做)。因此選D(個(gè)性)

5.主旨大意題。文章最后一段主要講的是在某些場(chǎng)合，尤其是正式場(chǎng)合，外觀是很重要的。故選A(關(guān)注正式場(chǎng)合的外觀)。

3.單選題

Whatpercentageofthepopulationinamodemtechnologicalsocietyis,likemyself,inthefortunatepositionofbeingworkers?AtaguessIwouldsaysixteenpercent,andIdonotthinkthatfigureislikelytogetbiggerinthefuture.

Technologyandthedivisionoflaborhavedonetwothings：byeliminatinginmanyfieldstheneedforspecialstrengthorskill,theyhavemadeaverylargenumberofpaidoccupationswhichformerlywereenjoyableworkintoboringlabor,andbyincreasingproductivitytheyhavereducedthenumberofnecessarylaboringhours.Itisalreadypossibletoimagineasocietyinwhichthemajorityofthepopulation,thatistosay,itslaborers,willhavealmostasmuchleisureasinearliertimeswasenjoyedbythearistocracy.Whenonerecallshowaristocraciesinthepastactuallybehaved,theprospectisnotcheerful.Indeed,theproblemofdealingwithboredommaybeevenmoredifficultforsuchafuturemasssocietythanitwasforaristocracies.Thelatter,forexample,ritualizedtheirtime;therewasaseasontoshootgrouse,aseasontospendintown,etc.Themassesaremorelikelytoreplaceanunchangingritualbyfashionwhichchangesasoftenaspossibleintheeconomicinterestofcertainpeople.Again,themassescannotgoinforhunting,forverysoontherewouldbenoanimalslefttohunt.Forotheraristocraticamusementslikegambling,dueling,andwarfare,itmaybeonlytooeasytofindequivalentsindangerousdriving,drug-taking,andsenselessactsofviolence.Workersseldomcommitactsofviolence,becausetheycanputtheiraggressionintotheirwork,beitphysicalliketheworkofasmith,ormentalliketheworkofascientistoranartist.Theroleofaggressioninmentalworkisaptlyexpressedbythephrase“gettingone’steethintoaproblem”.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thewriterbelievesthemajorityofthepopulation（

）

2.Accordingtothepassage,technologyanddivisionoflabourhavedoneallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutspecialstrengthandskill?

4.Accordingtothepassagearistocracydealtwithboredomby（

）

5.Whichofthefollowingisoneoftheamusementsofthemasses?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.areunhappywithwhattheydo.

B.willgetbiggerintheirnumberinthefuture.

C.agreewithhimonhisclassification.

D.areinthefortunatepositionofbeingworkers.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.increasingthejoyofthepaidoccupations.

B.makingskillandspecialstrengthunnecessaryinwork.

C.causingjobstobedulllabour.

D.decreasingworkinghours

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Specialstrengthandskillmustbeabandonedifpeoplewanttoenjoytheirwork.

B.Specialstrengthandskillarenecessaryforpeopletofindtheirworkenjoyable.

C.Specialstrengthorskillcausesworktobeboring

D.Specialstrengthorskillreducesthenumberofnecessarylabouringhours.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.enjoyingmoreleisure.

B.workingwithlabourers.

C.demandingdifficultworkforthemasses.

D.ritualizingtheirtime.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Hunting

B.Gambling

C.Foolishactsofviolence

D.Doingscientificresearch

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，作者在首段提出討論點(diǎn)：有多少人會(huì)和自己一樣對(duì)于成為一名工人而感到幸運(yùn)。然而，在第二段就給出了答案，大多數(shù)人并不是快樂的?！皐hichformerlywereenjoyableworkintoboringlabor,”，這句表明從前愉快的工作變成了一種無聊的勞動(dòng)，對(duì)于工人來說，解決無聊的問題也是很困難的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，勞動(dòng)技術(shù)的分工所做的工作包括消除特殊技能在工作中的使用、把過去愉快的工作變成無聊的勞動(dòng)、縮短工作時(shí)間。所以選項(xiàng)A并未提及，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“byeliminatinginmanyfieldstheneedforspecialstrengthorskill…formerlywereenjoyableworkintoboringlabor…”，通過消除特殊技能和力量使工作變得厭倦無聊，反過來說，需要特殊技能的工作可以使工人變得愉快。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thelatter,forexample,ritualizedtheirtime;therewasaseasontoshootgrouse,aseasontospendintown,etc.前者提到了社會(huì)大眾，后者提到貴族來形成對(duì)比，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題?！皌hemassescannotgoinforhunting,forverysoontherewouldbenoanimalslefttohunt…driving,drug-taking,andsenselessactsofviolence.”根據(jù)第三段這句話可知，可以在危險(xiǎn)駕駛、吸毒和暴力行為中找到和貴族類似的娛樂方式。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Thereceptionwasattendedbyvariousprominentmembersoftheidealcommunityandrepresentativesofregionalindustries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.congested

B.projecting

C.conspicuous

D.outstanding

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。橫線單詞prominent意為“突出的，顯著的；杰出的；卓越的”；A選項(xiàng)“congested”意為“堵塞的，擁擠的”；B選項(xiàng)“projecting”意為“突出來的；伸出的”；C選項(xiàng)“conspicuous”意為“顯著的；顯而易見的”；D選項(xiàng)“outstanding”意為“杰出的；顯著的；未解決的；未償付的”。句意：出席招待會(huì)的有理想社區(qū)的杰出人士和區(qū)域行業(yè)代表。由題干可知，and是并列連詞，and前后意思相近。所以可推測(cè)出prominentmembers與representatives（代表）意思相近。由此可知，prominent在此處最可能是“杰出的，卓越的”的意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中outstanding具有“杰出的”的意思，與此相近。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste（）thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intermsof

B.infavorof

C.inspiteof

D.inplaceof

【答案】D

【解析】固定短語搭配。intermsof“按照”；infavorof“有利于”；inspiteof“盡管”；inplaceof“代替”。句意：目標(biāo)是利用農(nóng)作物、雜草，甚至動(dòng)物的排泄物代替石油來為美國(guó)制造業(yè)提供燃料。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Hedidnotfeelobligedto（）totherulesthatappliedtoordinarymen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confront

B.conform

C.confine

D.console

【答案】B

【解析】confront面對(duì),遭遇；conform遵守,符合；confine限制；console安慰。句意：他覺得沒有義務(wù)遵守適用于普通人的規(guī)則。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

Whenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itstuckwithavengeance.Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotupnearly400feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopletomigrateinland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshifteddrasticallyinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming:theglobal-warmingcrisisthatgaverisetoithappenedmorethan10,000yearsago.

AsenvironmentalistsconveneinRiodeJaneirothisweektopondertheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemidstofarevolutioninunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepast—andhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears.

Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimateshiftshaveplayedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution:fromthedawnofprimatessome65millionyearsagotohumanancestorsrisinguptowalkontwolegs,fromthehugeexpansionofthehumanbraintotheriseofagriculture.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.

ThenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewforplanetEarth.Thebenignglobalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000years—duringwhichagriculture,writing,citiesandmostotherfeaturesofcivilizationappeared-isamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidelyvaryingclimateovertheages.Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.

1.Farmingemergedasasurvivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged______.

2.Scientistsbelievethathumanevolution______.

3.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat______.

4.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.togiveuphisformerwayoflife

B.toleavethecoastalareas

C.tofollowtheever-shiftingvegetation

D.toabandonhisoriginalsettlement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hasseldombeenaccompaniedbyclimaticchanges

B.hasexertedlittleinfluenceonclimaticchanges

C.haslargelybeeneffectedbyclimaticchanges

D.hashadamajorimpactonclimaticchanges27.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat______.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.humanactivitieshaveacceleratedchangesofEarth’senvironment

B.Earth’senvironmentwillremainmilddespitehumaninterference

C.Earth’sclimateisboundtochangesignificantlyinthefuture

D.Earth’sclimateisunlikelytoundergosubstantialchangesinthefuture28.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat______.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.humancivilizationremainsgloriousthoughitisaffectedbyclimaticchanges

B.mankindisvirtuallyhelplessinthefaceofthedramaticchangesofclimate

C.manhastolimithisactivitiestoslowdowntheglobalwarmingprocess

D.humancivilizationwillcontinuetodevelopinspiteofthechangesofnature

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“農(nóng)業(yè)作為一種生存策略出現(xiàn)是因?yàn)槿祟惐黄取?。根?jù)第一段最后兩句Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming.（在把周圍的許多動(dòng)物逼到瀕臨滅絕的邊緣后，人們被迫放棄原有的生活方式，轉(zhuǎn)而采取一種全新的生存策略，這導(dǎo)致了大范圍的饑餓和疾病；這種適應(yīng)就是農(nóng)業(yè)。）可知，A項(xiàng)“放棄他以前的生活方式”正確；B項(xiàng)“離開沿海地區(qū)”、C項(xiàng)“跟隨不斷變化的植被”和D項(xiàng)“放棄他原來的居住地”都屬于導(dǎo)致人類被迫放棄原有生活方式的原因。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“科學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類進(jìn)化……”。由第三段第一句Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.（最重要的是，科學(xué)家們開始意識(shí)到氣候變化已經(jīng)對(duì)人類物種的進(jìn)化產(chǎn)生了重大影響）可知，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類進(jìn)化受到了氣候變化的重大影響，C項(xiàng)“很大程度上受到了氣候變化的影響”正確；由此也可知，A項(xiàng)“很少伴有氣候變化”錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“對(duì)氣候變化影響不大”和D項(xiàng)“對(duì)氣候變化有重大影響”文中沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“過去氣候變化的證據(jù)表明……”。根據(jù)文章最后一段Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.（事實(shí)上，過去的氣候變化模式表明，即使沒有人類活動(dòng)的影響，地球的氣候幾乎肯定會(huì)在未來經(jīng)歷劇烈的變化）可知，C項(xiàng)“地球的氣候在未來必然會(huì)發(fā)生顯著變化”正確；A項(xiàng)“人類活動(dòng)加速了地球環(huán)境的變化”、B項(xiàng)“盡管有人類的干擾，地球的環(huán)境仍將保持溫和”和D項(xiàng)“地球的氣候在未來不太可能發(fā)生重大變化”都與原文內(nèi)容不符合。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者希望在文章中傳達(dá)的信息是……”。通讀全文可知，文章在第一段就闡述了氣候的變化導(dǎo)致人類放棄原有的生活方式而進(jìn)行遷徙，尋求新的生存策略，接下來兩段就氣候的變化是如何改變?nèi)祟惿婧瓦M(jìn)化進(jìn)行的闡述，最后一段總結(jié)根據(jù)過去的氣候變化模式，即使沒有人類的活動(dòng)影響，地球的氣候依然會(huì)經(jīng)歷劇烈變化，所以文章傳達(dá)的信息是人類在面對(duì)氣候的變化時(shí)，是無能為力的，故B項(xiàng)“面對(duì)氣候的急劇變化，人類實(shí)際上是無能為力的”正確；A項(xiàng)“盡管受到氣候變化的影響，人類文明依然輝煌”和D項(xiàng)“盡管自然發(fā)生了變化，人類文明還是會(huì)繼續(xù)發(fā)展的”沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“人類必須限制自己的活動(dòng)，以減緩全球變暖的進(jìn)程”與文意相反。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Duringthe19thcenturyfurtheradvancesweremade,notablyBessemer’sprocessfor（）ironintosteel,whichmadethematerialmorecommerciallyviable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.altering

B.varying

C.converting

D.transforming

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)altering“變更”；B選項(xiàng)varying“相異，（根據(jù)情況）變化”；C選項(xiàng)converting“使改變，皈依”；D選項(xiàng)transforming“轉(zhuǎn)化，發(fā)生巨變，發(fā)生巨大變化”。句意：在19世紀(jì)取得了進(jìn)一步的進(jìn)展，特別是將鐵_____為鋼的貝西麥工藝，使這種材料更具有商業(yè)可行性。這里表達(dá)的意思是“將鐵轉(zhuǎn)化為鋼”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Bornin1830inruralAmherst,Massachusetts,EmilyDickinsonspentherentirelifeinthehouseholdofherparents.Between1858and1862,itwaslaterdiscovered,shewrotelikeapersonpossessed,oftenproducingapoemaday.ItwasalsoduringthisperiodthatherlifewastransformedintothemythofAmherst.Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric.

IntheirdeterminationtoreadDickinson’slifeintermsofatraditionalromanticplot,biographershavemissedtheuniquepatternofherlife——herstruggletocreateafemalelifenotyetimaginedbythecultureinwhichshelived.Dickinsonwasnottheinnocent,lovelornandemotionallyfragilegirlsentimentalizedbytheDickinsonmythandpopularizedbyWilliamLuce’s1976play,theBelleofAmherst.HerdecisiontoshutthedooronAmherstsocietyinthe1850’stransferredherhouseintoakindofmagicalrealminwhichshewasfreetoengageherpoeticgenius.Herseclusionwasnottheresultofafailedloveaffair,butratherapartofamoregeneralpatternofrenunciationthroughwhichshe,inherquestforselfsovereignty,carriedonanargumentwiththepuritanfathers,attackingwithwitandironytheircheerlessCalvinistdoctrine,theirsternpatriarchalGod,andtheirrigidnotionsof“truewomanhood”.

1.What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasbeingoneofEmilyDickinson’seccentricities?

3.Accordingtothepassage,biographersofEmilyDickinsonhavetraditionally（

）.

4.TheauthorimpliesthatmanypeopleattributeEmilyDickinson'sseclusionto

（

）.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEmilyDickinsonlivedinasocietythatwascharacterizedby（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TointerpretEmilyDickinson’seccentricbehavior.

B.TopromotethepopularmythofEmilyDickinson.

C.TodiscussEmilyDickinson’sfailedloveaffair.

D.TodescribethereligiousclimateinEmilyDickinson'stime

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Refusingtoeat.

B.Wearingonlywhite

C.Avoidingvisitors.

D.Stayinginherroom

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.criticizedmostofherpoems

B.ignoredherinnocenceandemotionalfragility

C.seenherlifeinromanticterms

D.blamingherparentsforrestrictingheractivities

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.physicalillness

B.afailedloveaffair

C.religiousfervor

D.herdislikeofpeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.strongPuritanbeliefs

B.equalityofmenandwomen

C.theencouragementofnonconformity

D.theappreciationofpoeticcreativity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要在解釋艾米莉?迪金森生活行為古怪的原因。故選A“解釋艾米莉?迪金森古怪的行為”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)為:A:拒絕進(jìn)食,B:只穿白色衣服,C:拒絕見來訪者,D:待在房間。第一段指出:Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,

sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric(她越來越遠(yuǎn)離社會(huì)，呆在自己的房間里，有時(shí)拒絕面見來訪者，而她開始只穿白色的衣服這樣的習(xí)慣使她蒙上了怪人的名聲),因此只有A項(xiàng)未提及。答案選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:IntheirdeterminationtoreadDickinson'slifeintermsofatraditionalromanticplot,biographershavemissedtheuniquepatternofherlife—herstruggletocreateafemalelifenotyetimaginedbythecultureinwhichshelived(傳記作者在決心用傳統(tǒng)的浪漫情節(jié)去理解迪金森的生活上，忽視了她生活的獨(dú)特方式，即她奮力去創(chuàng)造一個(gè)她生活的文化無法想象的女性生活)。因此C“從浪漫角度看待她的生活”正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Herseclusionwasnottheresultofafailedloveaffair,bu