考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華東師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華東師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Guthrie’scontiguityprincipleofferspracticalsuggestionsforhowtobreakhabits.

Oneapplicationofthethresholdmethodinvolvesthetimeyoungchildrenspendonacademicactivities.Youngchildrenhaveshortattentionspans,sothelengthoftimetheycansustainworkononeactivityislimited.Mostactivitiesarescheduledtolastnolongerthan30to40minutes.However,atthestartoftheschoolyear,attentionspansquicklywaneandbehaviorproblemsoftenresult.ToapplyGuthrie’stheory,ateachermight,atthestartoftheyear,limitactivitiesto15to20minutes.Overthenextfewweekstheteachercouldgraduallyincreasethetimestudentsspendworkingonasingleactivity.

Thethresholdmethodalsocanbeappliedtoteachingprintingandhandwriting.Whenchildrenfirstlearntoformletters,theirmovementsareawkwardandtheylackfinemotorcoordination.Thedistancesbetweenlinesonapagearepurposelywidesochildrencanfitthelettersintothespace.Ifpaperwithnarrowlinesisinitiallyintroduced,students’letterswouldspilloverthebordersandstudentsmightbecomefrustrated.Oncestudentscanformletterswithinthelargerborders,theycanusepaperwithsmallerborderstohelpthemrefinetheirskills.

Thefatiguemethodcanbeappliedwhendiscipliningdisruptivestudentswhobuildpaperairplanesandsailthemacrosstheroom.Theteachercanremovethestudentsfromtheclassroom,givethemalargestackofpaper,andtellthemtostartmakingpaperairplanes.Afterthestudentshavemadeseveralairplanes,theactivityshouldloseitsattractionandpaperwillbecomeacuefornotbuildingairplanes.

Somestudentscontinuallyracearoundthegymwhentheyfirstentertheirphysicaleducationclass.Toemploythefatiguemethod,theteachermightdecidetohavethesestudentscontinuetorunafewmorelapsaftertheclasshasbegun.

Theincompatibleresponsemethodcanbeusedwithstudentswhotalkandmisbehaveinthemediacenter.Readingisincompatiblewithtalking.Themediacenterteachermightaskthestudentstofindinterestingbooksandreadthemwhileinthecenter.Assumingthatthestudentsfindthebooksenjoyable,themediacenterwill,overtime,becomeacueforselectingandreadingbooksratherthanfortalkingwithotherstudents.

Inasocialstudiesclasssomestudentsregularlyfallasleep.Theteacherrealizedthatusingtheboardandoverheadprojectorwhilelecturingwasveryboring.Soontheteacherbegantoincorporateotherelementsintoeachlesson,suchasexperiments,videotapes,anddebates,inanattempttoinvolvestudentsandraisetheirinterestinthecourse.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageisto（）.

2.Guthrieidentifiedthreemethodsfor（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnottheexampleofapplyingthethresholdmethod?

4.Tostopsnackingwhilewatchingtelevision,peopleshouldkeeptheirhandsbusybysewing,painting,workingcrosswordpuzzles,andsoforth.Overtime,watchingTVbecomesacueforengaginginanactivityotherthansnacking.Whatmethodisusedinthisexample?

5.Wecandrawtheconclusionfromthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inform

B.persuade

C.debate

D.narrate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.educatingstudents

B.alteringbadhabits

C.avoidingundesiredaction

D.forminggoodhobbies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Parentsintroducespinachinsmallbitesormixedwithafoodthatthechildenjoysovertimesothatthechildwillnotrefusetoeatit.

B.Teachersintroduceacademiccontentinshortblocksoftimeforyoungchildrenandgraduallyincreasesessionlengthbutnottowherestudentsbecomefrustratedorbored.

C.Paperwithwiderlinesisfirstusedandthenpaperwithnarrowlinesisintroducedstepbysteptohelpchildrenlearnprintingandhandwriting.

D.Achildmightbemadetothrowtoysuntilitisnolongerfunbyhisparentsinordertochangehisbehaviorofrepeatedlythrowingtoys.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thethresholdmethod.

B.Thefatiguemethod.

C.Theincompatibleresponsemethod.

D.Thepunishmentmethod

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theincompatibleresponsemethodistoforcechildtomakeunwantedresponserepeatedlyinpresenceofstimulusuntilheorshebecomesexhausted

B.thethresholdmethodreferstointroducingundesiredbehaviorwitharesponseincompatiblewiththeundesiredresponsesotheycannotbeperformedsimultaneously

C.thefatiguemethodmeansthatengaginginthebehavioristransformedintoavoidingitbyintroducingthestimulusatfullstrengthsoitbecomesacuefornotperformingit

D.thefatiguemethodisthatinpresenceofstimulusteachershavechildrenmakeresponseincompatiblewithunwantedresponse

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。首先，原文第一句話說到：Guthrie的接觸原則為如何打破習(xí)慣提供了實(shí)用的建議。在接下來的內(nèi)容中主要是闡述是如何應(yīng)用這個(gè)原則，并且提到了幾種方法，由此我們可以推斷，文章的目的主要是向我們闡述這些方法，所以本題選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容：Guthrie的接觸原則為如何打破習(xí)慣提供了實(shí)用的建議。所以這三種方法是為了打破習(xí)慣，也就是改變壞的習(xí)慣，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)D屬于“thefatiguemethod”而不是“thethresholdmethod”。所以本題選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第一句“Theincompatibleresponsemethodcanbeusedwithstudentswhotalkandmisbehaveinthemediacenter.”不契合反應(yīng)法適用于在面對(duì)傳播媒體時(shí)講話和行為不端的學(xué)生?？措娨晫儆诿鎸?duì)媒體的行為，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。選項(xiàng)A描述的是“疲勞法”而不是“不契合反應(yīng)法”，所以不正確；選項(xiàng)B指的是“不契合反應(yīng)法”而不是“閾值法”，也不正確；選項(xiàng)D描述的是“不契合反應(yīng)法”而不是“疲勞法”，不正確。所以，只有選項(xiàng)C表述正確。

2.單選題

ManyofourWelshpeoplearegoingtosettleinNorthCarolina,______landischeap.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.which

C.ofwhich

D.where

【答案】D

【解析】考查非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句子可知，前半部分句子完整，且后面的句子前有逗號(hào)，所以空格部分是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，排除A、C選項(xiàng)；先行詞NorthCarolina在從句當(dāng)中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用where，D項(xiàng)符合。句意：我們很多威爾士人都打算去北卡羅萊納州定居，那里的土地很便宜。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Iwas（）bytheirkindnessandmovedtotears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preoccupied

B.embarrassed

C.overwhelmed

D.counseled

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)preoccupied“使全神貫注，搶先占有”；B選項(xiàng)embarrassed“使困窘”；C選項(xiàng)overwhelmed“（情感）難以承受”；D選項(xiàng)counseled“被勸告”。句意：我被他們的善良（），感動(dòng)得流下眼淚。overwhelmed“（情感）難以承受”和帶有情緒色彩的movetotear搭配使句子通順。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（）abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelin9years.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。soared“飄升”；mutated“變化；突變”；plummeted“驟降”；fluctuated“波動(dòng)”，根據(jù)lowestlevel“最低水平”可知此處應(yīng)該填plummeted。句意：根據(jù)最近的報(bào)告，消費(fèi)者信任度上個(gè)月驚人的……15個(gè)點(diǎn)，達(dá)到九年中最低值。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.Andgivingshouldbestrategicphilanthropyshouldnotsimplyrespondtoneedsbutshouldlookforinvestmentopportunitiesthatyieldsignificancereturns.

2.Whatremainspertinentisthereport’svisionoftheroleofgovernmentinresearch,includinghisassertionthatthefederalgovernmenthadboththeauthorityandtheobligationtosupportbasicresearch.

3.Thisneedisenshrinedintheconceptofsustainabledevelopment,whichmeansthatwemust,forthebenefitofcominggenerations,leaveenoughenvironmentalspacesothatthesegenerationswillbeabletoaddresstheirneedsandfulfilltheiraspirations.

4.ThethreatoftheColdWarwasaprimedrivingforceleadingtotheexpansionofU.S.science,nationallabsandacademicinstitutions.

5.Itisworthnotingthatpreventivemeasuresinvolvingsmokinganddietareconvenientlysimilarforcancerandheartdisease;oneexceptionisalcoholariskfactorfortheformer,apreventiveforthelater.

【答案】1.捐贈(zèng)也應(yīng)講策略——慈善事業(yè)應(yīng)該不單是應(yīng)人之需，而應(yīng)該覓尋投資機(jī)會(huì)，以求產(chǎn)生可觀的回報(bào)。

2.該報(bào)告對(duì)政府在研究中所扮演的角色的看法仍然中肯，包括他的主張，即聯(lián)邦政府既有權(quán)力也有義務(wù)支持基礎(chǔ)研究。

3.這種需要體現(xiàn)在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念中，這意味著為了后代的利益，我們必須留下足夠的環(huán)境空間，以滿足他們的需要，施展抱負(fù)。

4.冷戰(zhàn)的威脅曾是一個(gè)主要的驅(qū)動(dòng)力，它導(dǎo)致了美國(guó)科學(xué)、國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室以及學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)團(tuán)體的擴(kuò)張。

5.值得注意的是，癌癥和心臟病的預(yù)防措施與吸煙和飲食很相似;一個(gè)例外是酒精——癌癥的危險(xiǎn)因子，但卻是心臟病的預(yù)防因子。

6.單選題

Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigitalinformationthan________intraditionalmedia.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exist

B.exists

C.existing

D.toexist

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。than可以做定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞。在此用法中than既充當(dāng)比較作用，又充當(dāng)代詞作用，代替前面的theuseandcopyingofdigitalinformation，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原型，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。句意：這些提案尋求在數(shù)字信息的使用和復(fù)制上給予比在傳統(tǒng)媒體的使用和復(fù)制上更多的限制。

7.單選題

Thesupervisordidn’thavetimesofartogointoit（）,buthegaveusanideaabouthisplan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.athand

B.inturn

C.inconclusion

D.atlength

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)athand“在手邊，即將到來”；B選項(xiàng)inturn“輪流，依次”；C選項(xiàng)inconclusion“總之，最后”；D選項(xiàng)atlength“詳細(xì)地”。句意：導(dǎo)師目前沒有時(shí)間進(jìn)行詳細(xì)說明，但他就自己的計(jì)劃給了我們一個(gè)大概的看法。根據(jù)后半部分的“gaveusanidea”可知，選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

8.單選題

Tomwastotally（

）whenhereceivedaContheexaminhistory,forhewaspositivethathecouldhavegotanA.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elated

B.frustrated

C.incited

D.contented

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)湯姆得知?dú)v史考試得了個(gè)C后，非常沮喪，因?yàn)樗孕诺卣J(rèn)為可以得A。elate“得意”；frustrate“沮喪”；incite“煽動(dòng)”；content“使?jié)M足”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.

Theconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolentorthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction—thefirmandthecustomer—andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenew.KingCustomerruled!

1.Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,______.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Accordingtothepassage,“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”(para.1)means______.

4.WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?

5.Indiscussingthemarketconcept,theauthorfocuseson______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thepracticeofturninggoodsintomoney

B.makinggoodsavailableforpurchase

C.thecustomer-centeredapproach

D.aformofpersuasivesalesmanship

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mostindustriestodayconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods.

B.Companiestodayfocusonthepreferencesofthedealers.

C.Companiesputtheconsumerinterestabovetheirowninterest.

D.Analysisoftheconsumerinterestdoesgoodtothecompanies.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoods

B.totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossible

C.todisposethesegoodsinlargequantities

D.toredesignthesegoodsforlarge-scaleproduction

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Traditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemajorityofpeople.

B.Ittakestimeforanewproducttobeacceptedbythepublic.

C.Consumerswithconservativetasteareoftendifficulttoplease.

D.Productsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteofconsumer.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itsmaincharacteristic

B.itssocialimpact

C.itspossibleconsequence

D.itstheoreticalbasis

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept（市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷注重顧客的需求。它首先分析顧客的喜好和需求，然后再生產(chǎn)出他們滿意的商品。這種著眼于顧客的銷售方式就是人們所說的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷），說明市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷是以顧客為中心的銷售方式。因此C選項(xiàng)“一種以客戶為中心的方法”正確。A選項(xiàng)“把產(chǎn)品變成金錢的一種做法”，D選項(xiàng)“銷售人員說服勸導(dǎo)的一種方式”是傳統(tǒng)銷售的方式，所以A,D錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)人們的購(gòu)買需求生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品”，由原文可知，這只是市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷的一個(gè)步驟，而不是其本質(zhì)，所以B錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)今大多數(shù)行業(yè)主要集中在商品的有效生產(chǎn)上”，由原文Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods（就在幾年前，大多數(shù)行業(yè)主要專注于產(chǎn)品的高效生產(chǎn)）可知，這是幾年前傳統(tǒng)銷售的做法，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“今天的公司關(guān)注經(jīng)銷商的喜好”，由原文themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.（制造商和經(jīng)銷商首先要努力找出消費(fèi)者想要購(gòu)買的東西，然后再去生產(chǎn)提供購(gòu)買。）可知，如今的公司更關(guān)注消費(fèi)者的喜好，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“公司把消費(fèi)者的利益放在自己的利益之上”，由原文Theconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolentorthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.（這個(gè)概念并不意味著商業(yè)是仁慈的，或者消費(fèi)者的滿意度優(yōu)先于公司的利潤(rùn)。）可知，公司還是將自己的利益放在首位，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)消費(fèi)者興趣的分析對(duì)公司有好處”，由原文Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.（然而，成功的商人和生產(chǎn)者認(rèn)識(shí)到，最可靠的盈利途徑是通過了解和迎合消費(fèi)者。）可知，迎合消費(fèi)者的興趣有利于公司盈利，D選項(xiàng)符合原文，所以本題選D。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.（就在幾年前，大多數(shù)行業(yè)主要專注于產(chǎn)品的高效生產(chǎn)，然后依靠“有說服力的銷售技巧”來盡可能多地銷售這些產(chǎn)品。），說明“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”在文中是指“盡可能多地銷售產(chǎn)品”的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)“盡可能多地銷售產(chǎn)品”正確。B選項(xiàng)“盡可能高效地運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)品”，C選項(xiàng)“大批量地處理這些產(chǎn)品”，D選項(xiàng)“重新設(shè)計(jì)這些產(chǎn)品以便于可以大規(guī)模制造”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.（然而，成功的商人和生產(chǎn)者認(rèn)識(shí)到，最可靠的盈利途徑是通過了解和迎合消費(fèi)者。），接著舉了可口可樂公司重新恢復(fù)經(jīng)典口味可樂的例子，說明恢復(fù)經(jīng)典配方是為了迎合顧客的口味。因此D選項(xiàng)“商品的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該貼合消費(fèi)者的口味”正確。A選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)型產(chǎn)品對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來說有著更強(qiáng)的吸引力”，B選項(xiàng)“一種新的產(chǎn)品為公眾所接受是需要時(shí)間的”，C選項(xiàng)“那些口味保守的消費(fèi)者最難取悅”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文可知，作者旨在向讀者介紹市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷這一概念的基本特征，即根據(jù)顧客的需求組織生產(chǎn)，并通過講述可口可樂公司恢復(fù)原配方這一讓人印象深刻的例子強(qiáng)化了讀者對(duì)其基本特征的了解。因此A選項(xiàng)“其主要特點(diǎn)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“其社會(huì)影響”，C選項(xiàng)“其可能帶來的后果”，D選項(xiàng)“其理論基礎(chǔ)”在文中均沒有提及，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

10.單選題

Inthecaseofmobilephones,changeiseverything.Recentresearchindicatesthatthemobilephoneischangingnotonlyourculture,butourverybodiesaswell.

First,let’stalkaboutculture.Thedifferencebetweenthemobilephoneanditsparent,thefixed-linephoneis,yougetwhoeveranswersit.

Thishasseveralimplications.Themostcommonone,however,andperhapsthethingthathaschangedourcultureforever,isthe“meeting”influence.Peoplenolongerneedtomakefirmplansaboutwhenandwheretomeet.Twentyyearsago,aFridaynightwouldneedtobearrangedinadvance.

Youneededenoughtimetoalloweveryonetogetfromtheirplaceofworktothefirstmeetingplace.Now,however,anightoutcanbearrangedontherun.Itisnolonger"seeyouthereat8",but"textmearound8andwe’llseewhereweallare".

Textingchangespeopleaswell.Intheirpaper,“InsightintotheSocialandPsychologicalEffectsofSMSTextMessaging”，twoBritishresearchersdistinguishedbetweentwotypesofmobilephoneusers:the“talkers”andthelexters”一thosewhoprefervoicetotextmessageandthosewhoprefertexttovoice.

Theyfoundthatthemobilephone’sindividualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality.Texterswerelikelytoreportthattheirfamilywouldbesurprisediftheyweretoreadtheirtexts.Thissuggeststhattextingallowedtexterstopresentaself-imagethatdifferedfromtheonefamiliartothosewhoknewthemwell.

Anotherscientistwroteofthechangesthatmobileshavebroughttobodylanguage.

Therearetwokindsthatpeopleusewhilespeakingonthephone.Thereisthe“speakeasy”：theheadisheldhigh,inaself-confidentway,chattingaway.Andthereisthe“spacemaker”：thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople.

Whocanblamethem?Phonemeetingsgetcancelledorreformedandcamera-phonesintrudeonpeople’sprivacy.So,itisunderstandableifyourmobilemakesyounervous.Butperhapsyouneedn'tworrysomuch.Afterall,itisgoodtotalk.

1.Whenpeopleplantomeetnowadays,they（

）.

2.AccordingtothetwoBritishresearchers,thesocialandpsychologicaleffectsaremostlylikelytobeseenon（

）.

3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthetextssentbytextersare（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,isafraidofbeingheardwhiletalkingonthemobile（

）.

5.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrangethemeetingplacebeforehand

B.postponefixingtheplacetilllastminute

C.seldomcareaboutwhenandwheretomeet

D.stilllovetoworkoutdetailedmeetingplans

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TALKERS

B.the"speakeasy"

C.the"spacemaker*'

D.texters

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.quiterevealing

B.wellwritten

C.unacceptable

D.shockingtoothers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.talkers

B.thespeakeasy

C.the‘spacemaker,

D.texters

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheSMSeffect

B.Culturalimplicationofmobileuse

C.Changeintheuseofthemobile

D.Bodylanguageandthemobilephone

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段:Itisnolonger’'seeyouthereat8",but"textmearound8andwe’llseewhereweallare。說明現(xiàn)在人們可以隨時(shí)約定約會(huì)時(shí)間，而不用拘泥于一個(gè)固定的時(shí)間,所以B項(xiàng)正確。

2.推斷題。第六段:'Thissuggeststhattextingallowedtexterstopresentaself-imagethatdifferedfromtheonefamiliartothosewhoknewthemwell(這表明，發(fā)短信允許短信者出現(xiàn)不同于平日展現(xiàn)在熟人面前的的自我形象)。因此D項(xiàng)(社會(huì)和心理變化主要體現(xiàn)在愛發(fā)短信的人身上)正確。

3.推斷題。B項(xiàng)文中沒有提及。第六段:Texterswerelikelytoreport

thattheirfamilywouldbesurprisediftheyweretoreadtheirtexts(發(fā)短信的人可能會(huì)報(bào)告說，如果家人閱讀短信，他們會(huì)很驚訝),而非C選項(xiàng)說的無法接受。由此判斷D選項(xiàng)也是錯(cuò)誤的。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。倒數(shù)第二段:Andthereisthespacemaker,:thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople(spacemaker不喜歡打電話時(shí)被旁人聽見)。故選C。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要講述了手機(jī)對(duì)人類文化的改變。

11.單選題

Computersystemsemploymanytacticstothwartunauthorizedaccess.Manycomputersystemsrequireausertoenterasecretpasswordtogainaccess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.strengthen

B.prevent

C.supervise

D.restrict

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。thwart表示“挫敗，反對(duì)，阻礙”；A項(xiàng)strengthen“加強(qiáng)，鞏固”，B項(xiàng)prevent“預(yù)防，防止，阻止”，C項(xiàng)supervise“監(jiān)督，管理，指導(dǎo)”，D項(xiàng)restrict“限制，約束，限定”。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)采用許多策略來阻止未經(jīng)授權(quán)的訪問；許多計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)要求用戶輸入密碼才能進(jìn)入。因此，根據(jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

What,canrigid,coldcalculatingmathematicspossiblyhaveincommonwithsubtle,creative,lofty,imaginativeart?Thisquestionfaithfullymirrorsthestateofmindofmostpeople,evenofmosteducatedpeople,whentheyregardthenumbersandsymbolsthatpopulatetheworldofmathematics.Butthegreatleadersofmathematicsthoughthavefrequentlyandrepeatedlyassertedthattheobjectoftheirpursuitisjustasmuchanartasitisascience,andperhapsevenafineart.MaximeBocher,andeminentmathematicianlivingatthebeginningofthiscentury,wrote:“Iliketolookatmathematicsalmostmoreasanartthanasascience;fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.Rigorousdeductivereasoningonthepartofthemathematicianmaybelikenedheretothetechnicalskillindrawingonthepartofthepainter.Justasonecannotbecomeapainterwithoutacertainamountofskill,sonoonecanbecomeamathematicianwithoutthepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint.”Yetthesequalities,fundamentalthoughtheyare,donotmakeapainteroramathematicianworthyofthename,norindeedaretheythemostimportantfactorsinthecase.Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.

Ifmathematicswantstolayclaimtobeinganart,however,itmostshowthatitpossessesandmakesuseofatleastsomeoftheelementsthatgotomakeupthethingsofbeauty.Isnotimagination,creativeimagination,themostessentialelementsofanart?Letustakeageometricobject,suchasthecircle.Totheordinaryman,thisistherimofawheel,perhapswithspokesinit.Elementarygeometryhascrowdedthissimplefigurewithradii,chords,sectors,tangents,diameters,inscribedandcircumscribedpolygons,andsoon.

Hereyouhavealreadyanentiregeometricalworldcreatedfromaveryrudimentarybeginning.Theseandothermiraclesareundeniableproofofthecreativepowerofthemathematician;and,asifthiswerenotenough,themathematicianallowsthewholecircleto“vanish”,declaresittobeimaginary,thenkeepsontoyingwithhisnewcreationinmuchthesamewayandwithmuchthesamegustoashedidwiththeinnocentlittlethingyouallowedhimtostartoutwith.Andallthis,rememberplease,isjustelementaryplanegeometry.Truly,thecreativeimaginationdisplayedbythemathematicianhasnowherebeenexceeded,notevenparalleled,and,Iwouldmakeboldtosay,nowevencloselyapproachedanywhereelse,nmanywaysmathematicsexhibitsthesameelementsofbeautythataregenerallyacknowledgedtobetheessenceofpoetry.Firstletusconsideraminorpoint:thepoetarrangeshiswritingsonthepageinverses.Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.Somemathematiciansaregiventothisloveofarrangingandexhibitingtheirequationstoadegreethatbordersonafault.Trigonometry,abranchofelementarymathematicsparticularlyrichinformulas,offerssomecuriousgroupsofthem,curiousintheirsymmetryandtheirarrangement.

Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.Takeapoemofuniversallyacknowledgedmerit,say,Shelley’spoem“ToNight”.Hereisthesecondstanza:Wrapthyforminamantlegray,star-inwrought!BlindwiththinehairtheeyesofDay;Kissheruntilshebeweariedout;Thenwandero’ercity,andsea,andland.Touchingallwiththineopiatewand—Come,long-sought!

Takenliterally,allthisis,ofcourse,sheernonsenseandnothingelse.Nighthasnohair,nightdoesnotwearanyclothes,andnightisnotanillicitpeddlerofnarcotics.Butisthereanybodybalmyenoughtotakethewordsofthepoetliterally?Thewordshereareonlycomparisons,onlysymbols.Forthesakeofcondensationthepoetdoesn’tbotherstatingthathissymbolsmeansuchandsuch,butgoesontotreatthemasiftheywererealities.

Themathematiciandoesthesethingspreciselyasthepoetdoes.Takenumbersforexample,theveryideaofwhichisanabstraction,orsymbol.Whenyouwritethefigure3,youhavecreatedasymbolforasymbol,andwhenyousayinalgebrathatisanumber,youhavecondensedallthesymbolsforallthenumbersintooneall-embracingsymbol.These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoetssymbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.Now,ismathematicsanart?

1.Thesimilaritybetweentheactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartistsis（）.

2.InMaximeBocher’sopinion,whatisthefundamentalelementthatmakesagoodartistormathematician?

3.Inwhatwaydomathematiciansexhibitthesameelementsofbeautyaspoet?

4.Poetryissuperiortootherformsofexpressionforits（）.

5.Justlikepoets,mathematiciansmay（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.botharecontrolledbytheexternalworld

B.bothrememberthesensesoftheworld

C.botharenotfancifulbutreal

D.bothinvolveconstantcreating

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Numericalskills.

B.Imagination.

C.Creation.

D.Senseofbeauty.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mathematicianswouldliketosparenoefforttomaketheirproofselegant.

B.Mathematicianslovetoarrangetheirformulasandequationssothattheytakeabeautifulform.

C.Mathematiciansseldomarrangetheirformulasandequationsinsymmetry.

D.Mathematiciansliketoarrangetheirformulasinverses.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.unusualdiction

B.imaginativeexpression

C.symbolism,condensationandeconomyofwords

D.condensationandimaginativediction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.usesymbolsforthesakeofcondensationandconcentration

B.usesymbolsforthesakeofcomparison

C.usepoemsasakindofsymbols

D.usenumberstosignifybeauty

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.（因?yàn)閿?shù)學(xué)家的活動(dòng)，不斷地創(chuàng)造，盡管不受感官的外部世界的控制，但與藝術(shù)家的活動(dòng)，比如說畫家的活動(dòng)，有著相似之處，我相信不是空想，而是真實(shí)的。）因此D選項(xiàng)“兩者都涉及不斷創(chuàng)造”正確。A選項(xiàng)“兩者都受外部世界的控制”；B選項(xiàng)“兩者都記得世界的感覺”；C選項(xiàng)“兩者都不是幻想，而是真實(shí)的”，這三項(xiàng)都是文章中未體現(xiàn)的。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.（一個(gè)好的藝術(shù)家或好的數(shù)學(xué)家還具有其他更微妙的品質(zhì)，其中最主要的是想象力。）因此B選項(xiàng)“想象力”正確。A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)值技巧”；C選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造”；D選項(xiàng)“審美”都不是文章所說明的。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.（他的詩(shī)在到達(dá)耳朵或心靈之前首先吸引了人們的目光；同樣地，數(shù)學(xué)家把他的公式和方程式排列起來，以便它們的形式能給人留下美感。）因此B選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家們喜歡把他們的公式和方程式排列得很漂亮”正確。A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家們?cè)敢獠贿z余力地使他們的證明優(yōu)雅”；C選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家很少用對(duì)稱的方式排列他們的公式和方程”；D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)家喜歡用詩(shī)句來排列他們的公式”，都不是文章中給出的信息。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息位到倒數(shù)第三段Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.（詩(shī)歌相對(duì)于其他語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式的優(yōu)越性首先在于詩(shī)歌中使用的象征手法，其次在于其詞的極端濃縮和簡(jiǎn)潔。）因此C選項(xiàng)“詞語(yǔ)的象征、濃縮和簡(jiǎn)潔”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不尋常的措辭”；B選項(xiàng)“富有想象力的表達(dá)”；D選項(xiàng)“縮合和想象的措辭”，不符合文意。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到最后一段These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoetssymbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.（這些符號(hào)，像其他的數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)，也像詩(shī)人的符號(hào)一樣，是一種濃縮的方式，用來表述由簡(jiǎn)單的幾何、代數(shù)或數(shù)字關(guān)系構(gòu)成的長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜的鏈條。）因此A選項(xiàng)“使用符號(hào)是為了濃縮和集中”正確。B選項(xiàng)“使用符號(hào)是為了比較”，不正確；C選項(xiàng)“把詩(shī)歌作為一種象征”不符合文章；D選項(xiàng)“用數(shù)字來表示美”，文章是說將數(shù)字變成符號(hào)，而不是表示美。

13.單選題

Thepreviousweekshe’dbroughthomeagreasy-hairedbikerwithall（

）overhisarms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tattoos

B.taboos

C.teaks

D.tenets

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tattoos“刺青，紋身”；B選項(xiàng)taboos“禁忌”；C選項(xiàng)teaks“柚木”；D選項(xiàng)tenets“原理，原則”。根據(jù)前面的關(guān)鍵詞“greasy-hairedbiker油頭粉面的騎手”，可知“tattoo刺青，紋身”最符合題意，句意為：上個(gè)星期，她帶回來一個(gè)油頭粉面的騎手，故正確答案選A。

14.單選題

Thedoorclosedandthehelicopterimmediately______verticallyto1000feet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.floated

B.raised

C.heaved

D.ascended

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)float“漂浮”，B項(xiàng)raise“抬高，舉起”，C項(xiàng)heave“舉起，使起伏”，D項(xiàng)ascend“上升”。根據(jù)helicopter“直升機(jī)”可知，空格部