考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東工商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東工商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theoldhouseattheendofthestreethasrecentlybeen______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pulled

B.demolished

C.erased

D.leveled

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)pull“拉，拔，拖”，B項(xiàng)demolish“拆除，破壞，毀壞”，C項(xiàng)erase“抹去，擦除”，D項(xiàng)level“瞄準(zhǔn)，拉平，變得平坦”。由oldhouse“舊房子”可知，“拆除”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：這條街盡頭的那幢舊房子最近已被拆除了。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

2.填空題

Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth:Whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasaresultofeconomicinequities,politicalcorruption,orwarfare,manyhundredsofmillions（1）areoverweighttothepointofincreasedriskfordiet-relatedchronicdiseases.Obesityisaworldwidephenomenon,affectingchildrenaswellasadultsandforcingallbutthepoorestcountriestodivertscarceresources（2）fromfoodsecuritytotakecareofpeoplewithpreventableheartdiseaseanddiabetes.

Toreversetheobesityepidemic,wemustaddressfundamentalcauses.Overweightcomesfromconsumingmorefoodenergythan（3）expendedinactivity.Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity.Peopleuseextraincometoeatmoreandbelessactive.Marketeconomiesencouragethis.Theyturnpeoplewithexpendableincomeintoconsumersofaggressivelymarketedfoodsthatarehighinenergybutlowin（4）value,andofcars,televisionsets,andcomputersthatpromotesedentarybehavior.Gainingweightisgoodforbusiness.Foodisparticularlybigbusinessbecauseeveryoneeats.

Moreover,foodissooverproducedthatmanycountries,especiallytherichones,havefar

morethantheyneed（5）irony.IntheUnitedStates,totakeanextremeexample,most

adultsofallages,incomes,educationallevels,andcensuscategories—areoverweight.TheU.S.foodsupplyprovides3800kilocaloriesperpersonperday,nearlytwiceasmuchasrequiredbymanyadults.Overabundantfoodforcescompaniestocompete（6）salesthroughadvertising,healthclaims,newproducts,largerportions,andcampaigns（7）towardchildren.Foodmarketingpromotesweightgain.Indeed,itisdifficulttothink（8）anymajorindustrythatmightbenefitifpeopleatelessfood;certainly（9）theagriculture,foodproduct,grocery,restaurant,diet,ordrugindustries.Allflourishwhenpeopleeatmore,andallemployamidesoflobbyiststodiscouragegovernmentsfromdoinganythingtoinhibit（10）.

A.splendid

B.elegant

C.snobbish

D.prudent

A.hehadagoodopinionoftheStClairfamily

B.hegrantedtheStClairfamilysomecredits

C.heowedsomemoneytotheStClairfamily

D.hewasmorerespectablethansomemembersoftheSt.Clairfamily

A.marryingformoney

B.robbingone'swife

C.makingfortunes

D.sellingtheteethofdeadsoldiers

A.brag

B.possess

C.arrange

D.pluck

A.detached

B.positive

C.cynical

D.liberal

【答案】1.more

2.away

3.is

4.nutritional

5.another

6.for

7.directed

8.of

9.not

10.overeating

【解析】1.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵寒?dāng)成千上萬(wàn)的人由于經(jīng)濟(jì)不平衡、政治腐敗和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)而餓肚子時(shí)，還有成千上萬(wàn)的人超重。前后進(jìn)行對(duì)比，說(shuō)明超重的人更多，所以more符合題意。

2.考查固定搭配。divertaway“轉(zhuǎn)移”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵悍逝质且粋€(gè)世界性的普遍現(xiàn)象，它對(duì)大人孩子都有影響，它迫使除了最貧窮的國(guó)家外的所有國(guó)家把稀有資源從食品安全上轉(zhuǎn)移到了照顧患有可預(yù)防的心臟病和糖尿病的人們。

3.考查動(dòng)詞的用法?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵撼卦从跀z入的食物能量超過(guò)了被消耗的能量。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，為了避免重復(fù)，than后面省略了energythat，完整的句子應(yīng)該是energythatisexpended。

4.考查前后邏輯。空格處所在句子的句意是：他們把具有消費(fèi)水平的人變?yōu)榀偪褓?gòu)買食物的消費(fèi)者，這些食物通常能量很高，營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值很低。nutritional符合題意。

5.考查前后邏輯。空格處所在句子的句意是：此外，食物被過(guò)量生產(chǎn)，尤其是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家擁有的食物遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)他們所需要的食物--這又是一件具有諷刺意義的事。前面已經(jīng)提到過(guò)一件諷刺的事thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity，因此another符合題意。

6.考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。空格處所在句子的句意為：過(guò)量的食物使各大公司為銷售而進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。competefor“為……而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。

7.考查后置定語(yǔ)?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵焊鞔蠊緸榱烁?jìng)爭(zhēng)，采用的手段有：廣告，健康宣言，推出新產(chǎn)品，加量包裝，還有直接針對(duì)孩子的活動(dòng)?？崭裉幩诘膯卧~顯然是用來(lái)修飾campaigns這個(gè)單詞的，應(yīng)該填一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞來(lái)作后置定語(yǔ)，directtoward表示針對(duì)……。

8.考查固定搭配。thinkof“想出”。

9.考查前后邏輯。空格處所在句子的句意是：農(nóng)業(yè)、食品、雜貨店、飯店、減肥業(yè)或制藥業(yè)都不會(huì)獲益。所以此處是一個(gè)否定的意思，not符合題意。

10.考查動(dòng)詞的用法。空格處所在句子的句意是：人們吃得多時(shí)，所有行業(yè)都會(huì)發(fā)展繁榮，所有行業(yè)都花錢請(qǐng)游說(shuō)者去勸政府不要采取任何措施禁止過(guò)度飲食（overeat）。Inhibitdoingsth.“禁止做某事”。

3.翻譯題

TranslatetilefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish

歷代的智慧，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)人類一直籍以為樂的故事，所有這些都可以從書中方便而又便宜的獲得。但是我必須懂得如何利用這份寶藏，懂得如何才能使它對(duì)我們最為有益。世界上最為不幸的人，也就是那些從未體驗(yàn)過(guò)讀好書之樂趣的人吧。

我對(duì)人最為感興趣，喜歡結(jié)識(shí)他們，喜歡了解他們。我認(rèn)識(shí)的一些非凡之人，首先存在于作者的想象之中，然后表現(xiàn)在作品的字里行間，最后在我的想象中重新顯現(xiàn)。我在書中找到了新的朋友，新的社會(huì)，還有新的語(yǔ)言。

把你的一部分空閑時(shí)光用來(lái)培養(yǎng)閱讀好書的愛好吧。愛讀書的人從好書中不但得到樂趣，他們從中獲得的那種精神糧食，從其它地方是很難得到的。盡管他們未必有意識(shí)地想到讀書是為了提高才智。在不知不覺中，他們從書中吸取的知識(shí)積累起來(lái)，經(jīng)過(guò)想象力的加工，對(duì)將來(lái)大有用處。

【答案】Allthewisdomoftheages,allthestoriesthatdelightedmankindforcenturies,areeasilyandcheaplyavailabletoallofuswithinthecoversofbooks.Butwemustknowhowtoavailourselvesofthistreasureandhowtogetthemostvaluefromit.Themostunfortunatepeopleintheworldarethosewhohaveneverexperiencedthejoyofreadingagoodbook.

Iammostinterestedinpeople,inmeetingthemandfindingoutaboutthem.SomeoftheremarkablepeopleI’vemetexistedonlyinwriter’simagination,thenonthepagesofhisbook,andthenagain,inmyimagination.Ihavefoundnewfriends,newsocietyandnewwordsinbooks.

Devotesomeofyourleisuretocultivatingaloveofreadinggoodbooks.Fromgoodbooks,moreover,theydrawmuchbesidesentertainment.Theygainmentalfoodsuchasfewcompanionscansupply,albeittheymaynotbedeliberatelyreadingtoimprovetheirmind.Allunconsciouslytheideastheyderivefromtheprintedpagedarestoredup,tobeworkedoverbytheimaginationforfutureprofit.

4.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.WithDr.Smithat10onWednesday.

B.WithDr.Smithat10onTuesday

C.WithDr.Jonesat10onWednesday.

D.WithDr.Jonesat10onTuesday.

【答案】A

【解析】14.M:Ineedtocomeinandseethedoctor.IhavereallyitchyskinandthinkImayhavetohaveitlookedat.

W:IhopetimesavailableforTuesdayorWednesday,whichonewouldworkbestforyou?

M:IwanttocomeinonWednesday.

W:Icanfityouinonthatdayatten,doctorSmithorDoctorJonesisavailable.

M:IwouldpreferDoctorSmith.

Q:Whatistheman’sappointment?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：男士預(yù)約了什么？由文中“IwanttocomeinonWednesday.（我想星期三來(lái)。）”和“Icanfityouinonthatdayatten（我可以幫你預(yù)約那天上午10點(diǎn)。）”以及“IwouldpreferdoctorSmith.（我想約史密斯醫(yī)生。）”，可知A選項(xiàng)“WithDr.Smithat10onWednesday.（周三上午10點(diǎn)史密斯醫(yī)生。）”符合原文。

5.單選題

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedsoslowlyfortwothousandyears-andwhyinthefollowingtwoyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimes—arequestionswhichhaveinterested,themodernphilosophernotlessthan,theobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodernphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiod-oneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemoderneraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingprovidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflytheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodernsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodernscientificdoctrinesandinquiriesForallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesis,andanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction-bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;landtheancientsciences,affordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfact,byappealtoexperimentandobservation-thesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemoderns:butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodernispossessedofa-greatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesitexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“facts”and“theories”or"facts"and"ideas"—inneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatte?—provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts-aparticularglassoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethoD.Afactisapropositionofsimpleverification.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,anddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmoderntimesis（）.

3.Thedifferencebetween"fact"and"theory"（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis（）.

5.Thestatement"Theoriesarefacts"maybecalled（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.PhilosophyofMathematics

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience

C.TheVerificationofFacts

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiods

B.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethod

C.thatitwasanactofGod

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmation

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformer

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodernscientistsandtheancientGreeks

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.aninductivescience

B.inneedofsimpleverification

C.adeductivescience

D.basedonfactandtheory

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ametaphor

B.aparadox

C.apun

D.anappraisaloftheinductiveanddeductivemethods

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干意為本文最好的標(biāo)題表述。原文第一段提出問題：為什么從希臘文化頂峰時(shí)期后兩千年來(lái)歸納法和數(shù)學(xué)科學(xué)發(fā)展如此緩慢，而后的兩百年又超越了前人，是應(yīng)用新舊方法關(guān)系還是其他。第二段講埃及古代在科學(xué)探索中運(yùn)用了演繹推理法，而現(xiàn)在應(yīng)用了歸納法。但是，這種解釋太狹隘，經(jīng)仔細(xì)審核，難以很清晰地點(diǎn)明古代和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)教義和探究上明顯的差別。第四、五段涉及事實(shí)和理論的關(guān)系。綜合考慮下可以判斷D為最佳選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章中“Or,shouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents-totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingprovidence?”中文翻譯為：或者我們是否應(yīng)當(dāng)把兩個(gè)階段的特點(diǎn)歸因于所謂的歷史的偶然性（意外事件）——?dú)w因于客觀環(huán)境中相似（結(jié)合）的影響。這一點(diǎn)除非以指導(dǎo)一切的上帝的智慧和無(wú)限權(quán)利來(lái)解釋，否則難以解說(shuō)清楚。可以得知C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段,事實(shí)是一個(gè)提議，通過(guò)運(yùn)用知識(shí)的源泉和經(jīng)驗(yàn)而證實(shí)的提議直接而又簡(jiǎn)單。若是真理論，就有事實(shí)的一切特性（除非其證實(shí)只能通過(guò)非直接的，遙遠(yuǎn)的和困難的方式方法），把理論轉(zhuǎn)成事實(shí)必須用簡(jiǎn)單的核實(shí)，理論因此具有事實(shí)的一切特性。因此，A最符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。aninductivescience“歸納法科學(xué)”；inneedofsimpleverification“需要簡(jiǎn)單證實(shí)”；adeductive“推理演繹科學(xué)”；basedonfactandtheory“基于事實(shí)和理論”。基于對(duì)“數(shù)學(xué)”的理解，C最符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到“Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts-aparticularglassoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.”，中文翻譯為：因?yàn)槭紫?，?duì)立是不完整的，事實(shí)和理論不是同類的事物。理論，如果是真正的理論，就是事實(shí)——一種特殊類別的事實(shí)，一般性的復(fù)雜，但仍是事實(shí)。而事實(shí)，從詞的狹義來(lái)說(shuō)，如果很復(fù)雜，如果各成分中存在著邏輯的聯(lián)系，就具有理論的一切主要特征?？芍?，B項(xiàng)“似非而是的雋語(yǔ)；悖論”正確。

6.單選題

Itiseasiertogetdivorcedtodaythanintimespast,butitisnolesspainful.Studieshaveshownthatbothmenandwomensuffersignificantstressattwokeypoints:beforethedecisiontodivorceandatthetimeofthefinalseparation.Poorhealth,difficultyinsleepingandworking,loneliness,depression,anxiety,loweredself-esteem,andimpairedmemoryareallassociatedwiththedivorceprocess.Intheirstudyof252menandwomencurrentlyundergoingadivorce,DavidA.ChiribogaandLoraineCutlerfoundthatmenweremorevulnerabletostressthanwomen.Atthesametime,closeto50percentofbothmenandwomenreportedthattheyfeltsomereliefasaresultofhavinginitiatedthedivorceprocess.

Thechildrenofacoupleplanningtodivorcealsoshareinthepain,especiallyimmediatelyfollowingtheseparation.Intheirstudyoffamilybreakup,JudithS.WallersteinandJoanB.Kellyfoundthatparentsrarelypreparetheirchildrenforthecomingcrisis,nordotheyprovidethemwiththenecessaryassurancesthattheywillbecaredfor.Preoccupiedbytheirpersonalproblems,theparentsareofteninsensitivetotheirchildren'sanger,fearorperplexity.Whendivorcenecessitatesthatthemothergotowork,thechildmaybeplacedinunfamiliarchildcarearrangements,andbothmotherandfatherbecomesubstantiallylessavailable.Thefirstyearfollowingadivorceistypicallythemoststressfulfortheparentsandforthechild.Inthelongrun,however,divorceisnotnecessarilypsychologicallydamagingtochildren,particularlywhenbothparentsremainaccessibleandloving.

Whateverthepainthatdivorceinflicts,itdoesnotseemtosourpeopleontheinstitutionofmarriage.Afourthofthepeoplewhogetdivorcedareremarriedwithintheyear,and75percentremarrywithinnineyearsofdivorce.Aboutfiveofeverysixdivorcedmenandthreeofeveryfourdivorcedwomenmarryagain.Onereasonthatmenaremorelikelytoremarrythanwomenisthatmentypicallymarryyoungerwomen.Whenweconsiderthatbyagetwenty-sevenwomenbeginoutnumberingmen,wecanseehowmiddle-agedandoldermenhavealargerpoolofpotentialpartnersfromwhichtochoosethandowomen.Insum,whilemarriagemaybedifficulttosustain,itiscertainlynotgoingoutofstyle.

1.Accordingtothepassage,womensuffersignificantstresswhen（）

2.Thedivorcedparentsignoretheirchildren'sangerandfearbecause（）.

3.Fromthispassagewecanknowthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thepercentageofremarryingmanishigherthanthatofthewomenby（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyareforcedtoleavetheirchildren

B.thepropertyisdivided

C.makinguptheirmindtogetadivorce

D.goingtoacourt

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyarepoorlypreparedforthecomingcrisis

B.theyareundergreatstress

C.theythinktoomuchabouttheirownproblems

D.theyhavetoliveontheirown

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.divorcemaydogreaterharmtochildrenmentallyandphysicallythantheparents

B.familybreakupcanbeavoidedifthecouple'spersonalproblemsaresettled

C.marriageremainspopularinspiteofrisingdivorcerate

D.Childrenwilllosetheparentalcareandloveaftertheirparentsgetdivorced

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.25%

B.75%

C.8%

D.27%

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Accordingtothepassage,womensuffersignificantstresswhen______.1.根據(jù)這篇文章，當(dāng)女性______時(shí)，她們會(huì)承受巨大的壓力。

A.theyareforcedtoleavetheirchildrenA.女性被迫離開她們的孩子

B.thepropertyisdividedB.財(cái)產(chǎn)被分割

C.makinguptheirmindtogetadivorceC.決定離婚

D.goingtoacourtD.上法庭

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞womensuffersignificantstress可定位到第一段第二句“研究表明，男人和女人都在兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻承受著巨大的壓力，即在決定離婚之前和最后分居的時(shí)候（beforethedecisiontodivorceandatthetimeofthefinalseparation）”。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“女性被迫離開她們的孩子”、B項(xiàng)“財(cái)產(chǎn)被分割”和D項(xiàng)“上法庭”都沒提到，無(wú)中生有。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Thedivorcedparentsignoretheirchildren’sangerandfearbecause______.2.離婚的父母無(wú)視孩子的憤怒和恐懼，因?yàn)開_____。

A.theyarepoorlypreparedforthecomingcrisisA.他們對(duì)即將到來(lái)的危機(jī)準(zhǔn)備不足

B.theyareundergreatstressB.他們的壓力很大

C.theythinktoomuchabouttheirownproblemsC.他們對(duì)自己的問題想得太多了

D.theyhavetoliveontheirownD.他們必須靠自己生活

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞children’sangerandfear定位到第二段的第三句“父母往往被自己的個(gè)人問題所困擾（Preoccupiedbytheirpersonalproblems），所以對(duì)孩子的憤怒、恐懼或困惑無(wú)動(dòng)于衷”。理解可知，離婚的父母無(wú)視孩子的憤怒和恐懼，是因?yàn)楦改副蛔约旱膫€(gè)人問題所困擾，C項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)自己的問題想得太多了”與原文一致。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)即將到來(lái)的危機(jī)準(zhǔn)備不足”和B項(xiàng)“他們的壓力很大”在文中有提及，但不是對(duì)孩子的憤怒等情緒無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的原因，張冠李戴；

D項(xiàng)“他們必須靠自己生活”在文中沒有原文依據(jù)，無(wú)中生有。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Fromthispassagewecanknowthat______.3.從這篇文章中我們可以知道______。

A.divorcemaydogreaterharmtochildrenmentallyandphysicallythantheparentsA.離婚對(duì)孩子的身心傷害可能比父母更大

B.familybreakupcanbeavoidedifthecouple’spersonalproblemsaresettledB.如果夫妻倆的個(gè)人問題得到解決，家庭破裂是可以避免的

C.marriageremainspopularinspiteofrisingdivorcerateC.盡管離婚率不斷上升，婚姻仍然很受歡迎

D.childrenwilllosetheparentalcareandloveaftertheirparentsgetdivorcedD.父母離婚后，孩子就會(huì)失去父母的關(guān)愛

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第一句話“不管離婚會(huì)帶來(lái)怎樣的痛苦，它似乎不會(huì)讓人們對(duì)婚姻制度感到厭惡（itdoesnotseemtosourpeopleontheinstitutionofmarriage）”以及最后一句話“盡管婚姻難以維持，但它肯定不會(huì)過(guò)時(shí)（itiscertainlynotgoingoutofstyle）”，從notgoingoutofstyle（不過(guò)時(shí)）可推測(cè)，盡管離婚率升高，但結(jié)婚依然很流行。C項(xiàng)“盡管離婚率不斷上升，婚姻仍然很受歡迎”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“離婚對(duì)孩子的身心傷害可能比父母更大”，第二段雖然提到“離婚后的第一年對(duì)父母和孩子來(lái)說(shuō)通常是壓力最大的一年”，但并沒有孩子與父母受到傷害之間的比較，屬于曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“如果夫妻倆的個(gè)人問題得到解決，家庭破裂是可以避免的”，由第二段可知，文中提到父母總是忙于自己的個(gè)人問題，往往對(duì)孩子的憤怒、恐懼或困惑無(wú)動(dòng)于衷，但是并沒有個(gè)人問題解決，家庭就不會(huì)破碎的相關(guān)說(shuō)法，該項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有；

D項(xiàng)“父母離婚后，孩子就會(huì)失去父母的關(guān)愛”從第二段最后一句話“然而，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，離婚并不一定會(huì)對(duì)孩子造成心理傷害，尤其是當(dāng)父母雙方都能保持親近和關(guān)愛的時(shí)候”可知，離婚會(huì)導(dǎo)致孩子失去關(guān)愛不是必然事件，而是在于父母的態(tài)度，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Accordingtothepassage,thepercentageofremarryingmanishigherthanthatofthewomenby______.4.根據(jù)這篇文章，再婚的男性比再婚的女性高_(dá)_____。

A.25%A.25%

B.75%B.75%

C.8%C.8%

D.27%D.27%

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】由題干關(guān)鍵詞thepercentageofremarrying定位到本文最后一段的第三句“大約六分之五的離婚男性和四分之三的離婚女性會(huì)再婚”，所以六分之五減去四分之三等于十二分之一，約等于8%。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“25%”是離婚者再婚的百分比，張冠李戴；

B項(xiàng)“75%”是離婚女性再婚的百分比，張冠李戴；

D項(xiàng)“27%”沒有提到，無(wú)中生有。

7.單選題

Theaccountant_______thousandsofdollarsfromthecharitywhileappearingtobeitsbestfundraiser.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.donated

B.validated

C.embezzled

D.certify

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)donate“捐贈(zèng)，捐獻(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)validate“證實(shí)，驗(yàn)證；確認(rèn)；使生效”；C選項(xiàng)embezzle“盜用；挪用；貪污”；D選項(xiàng)certify“證明；保證”。句意：那個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)盜用善款幾千美元，卻表現(xiàn)出自己是最佳的捐助者。根據(jù)句中的while可知，前后兩句關(guān)系為轉(zhuǎn)折，后半句提到“最佳捐贈(zèng)者”，那么前半句句意應(yīng)該與之相反。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Ifsanityandinsanityexist,howshallweknowthem?

Thequestionisneithercapriciousnoritselfinsane.Howevermuchwemaybepersonallyconvincedthatwecantellthenormalfromtheabnormal,theevidenceissimplynotcompelling.Itiscommonplace,forexample,toreadaboutmurdertrialswhereineminentpsychiatristsforthedefensearecontradictedbyequallyeminentpsychiatristsfortheprosecutiononthematterofthedefendant'ssanity.Moregenerally,thereareagreatdealofconflictingdataonthereliability,utility,andmeaningofsuchtermsas"sanity","insanity","mentalillness,"and"schizophrenia."

Finally,asearlyas1934,Benedictsuggestedthatnormalityandabnormalityarenotuniversal.Whatisviewedasnormalinoneculturemaybeseenasquiteaberrantinanother.Thus,notionsofnormalityandabnormalitymaynotbequiteasaccurateaspeoplebelievetheyare.

Toraisequestionsregardingnormalityandabnormalityisinnowaytoquestionthefactthatsomebehaviorsaredeviantorodd.Murderisdeviant.So,too,arehallucinations.Nordoesraisingsuchquestionsdenytheexistenceofthepersonalanguishthatisoftenassociatedwith"mentalillness."Anxietyanddepressionexist.Psychologicalsufferingexists.Butnormalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity,andthediagnosesthatflowfromthemmaybelesssubstantivethanmanybelievethemtobe.

Atitsheart,thequestionofwhetherthesanecanbedistinguishedfromtheinsaneisasimplematter:Dothesalientcharacteristicsthatleadtodiagnosesresideinthepatientsthemselvesorintheenvironmentsandcontextsinwhichobserversfindthem?FromBleuler,throughKretchmer,throughtheformulatorsoftherecentlyrevisedDiagnosticandStatisticalManualoftheAmericanPsychiatricAssociation,thebeliefhasbeenstrongthatpatientspresentsymptoms,thatthosesymptomscanbecategorized,andimplicitly,thatthesanearedistinguishablefromtheinsane.Morerecently,however,thisbeliefhasbeenquestioned.Basedinpartontheoreticalandanthropologicalconsiderations,butalsoonphilosophical,legal,andtherapeuticones,theviewhasgrownthatpsychologicalcategorizationofmentalillnessisuselessatbestanddownrightharmful,misleading,andpejorativeatworst.Psychiatricdiagnoses,inthisview,areinthemindsoftheobserversandarenotvalidsummariesofcharacteristicsdisplayedbytheobserved.

Gainscanbemadeindecidingwhichoftheseismorenearlyaccuratebygettingnormalpeopleadmittedtopsychiatrichospitalsandthendeterminingwhethertheywerediscoveredtobesaneand,ifso,how.Ifthesanityofsuchpseudopatientswerealwaysdetected,therewouldbeprimafacieevidencethatasaneindividualcanbedistinguishedfromtheinsanecontextinwhichheisfound.Normalityisdistinctenoughthatitcanberecognizedwhereveritoccurs,foritiscarriedwithintheperson.If,ontheotherhand,thesanityofthepseudopatientswereneverdiscovered,seriousdifficultieswouldariseforthosewhosupporttraditionalmodesofpsychiatricdiagnosis.Giventhatthehospitalstaffwasnotincompetent,thatthepseudopatienthadbeenbehavingassanelyashehadbeenoutsideofthehospital,andthatithadneverpreviouslysuggestedthathebelongedinapsychiatrichospital,suchanunlikelyoutcomewouldsupporttheviewthatpsychiatricdiagnosisbetrayslittleaboutthepatientbutmuchabouttheenvironmentinwhichanobserverfindshim.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

2.Whatdoestheword"them"inthelastsentenceofthefourthparagraphreferto?

3.Theword"pejorative"couldbestbereplacedby（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestexplainthelastpartofthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Wecanjudgepreciselywhatconstitutesnormalityandabnormality.

B.Itisnoteasytodistinguishsanityfrominsanity.

C.Itisnodoubtthatsomebehaviorsofhumanbeingsareodd.

D.Settingswherepeoplearelivinghavemuchtodowithhowweknowwhatsanityis.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Questionsfromnormalityandabnormality.

B.Thediagnoses.

C.Normalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity.

D.People.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peevish

B.depreciatory

C.negative

D.meaningless

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Psychiatricdiagnosisdoesn'tinformpeopleofthepatientbutoftheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

B.Thepatientisn'tbetrayedbypsychiatristsbutbytheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

C.Psychiatristsknowmoreaboutthepatientthantheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

D.Psychiatricdiagnosisislikelytoimprovetheenvironmentwherethepatientislivingwhichdoeslittlehelptohim.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Descriptionoftheexperimentofputtingsomesanepeopleinpsychiatrichospitals.

B.Argumentagainstthedifficultyofdistinguishingthesanefromtheinsane.

C.Descriptionoftheexperimentofsaneandinsanepeopleinthesamepsychiatrichospitals.

D.Argumentforthedifficultyoffindingoutwhoarerealpatients.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Howevermuchwemaybepersonallyconvincedthatwecantellthenormalfromtheabnormal,theevidenceissimplynotcompelling.”，可知無(wú)論我們個(gè)人多么相信我們能夠分辨出正常和異常，這些證據(jù)根本就沒有說(shuō)服力。選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)文章四段，“Toraisequestionsregardingnormalityandabnormalityisinnowaytoquestionthefactthatsomebehaviorsaredeviantorodd.”，可知提出關(guān)于正常和異常的問題并不能質(zhì)疑某些行為是異常的或奇怪的這一事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)C可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容可知，人們生活的環(huán)境與了解理智的程度有很大關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)D可排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)A文中未提及。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.詞義理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句，“Butnormalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity,andthediagnosesthatflowfromthemmaybelesssubstantivethanmanybelievethemtobe.”，可知但正常與異常、理智與瘋狂，以及由此產(chǎn)生的分析調(diào)查，可能并不像許多人認(rèn)為的那樣具有實(shí)質(zhì)性。可知them指代前面出現(xiàn)的normalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。pejorative“貶損的，貶抑的”；peevish“脾氣壞的，易怒的”；depreciatory“貶低的，輕蔑的”；negative“否定的，消極的”；meaningless“無(wú)意義的”。句意：越來(lái)越多的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，對(duì)精神疾病進(jìn)行心理分類，往好處說(shuō)是無(wú)用的，往壞處說(shuō)是完全有害的、誤導(dǎo)的和貶低的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“…psychiatricdiagnosisbetrayslittleaboutthepatientbutmuchabouttheenvironmentinwhichanobserverfindshim.”，可知精神病學(xué)的診斷并很少告訴病人的情況，而是更多告訴他們所生活的環(huán)境。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.推斷題。文章最后一段主要提到了人神智是否清晰與所處的環(huán)境存在很大的關(guān)系?？赏茢喑鱿挛目赡軙?huì)對(duì)這一話題進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的闡述，可能會(huì)描述一個(gè)將一些神志正常的人送入精神病院的實(shí)驗(yàn)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Desertificationisthedegradationofonce-productivelandintounproductiveorpoorlyproductiveland.Sincethefirstgreaturban-agriculturalcentersinMesopotamianearly6,000yearsago,humanactivityhashadadestructiveimpactonsoilquality,leadingtogradualdesertificationinvirtuallyeveryareaoftheworld.

Itisacommonmisconceptionthatdesertificationiscausedbydroughts.Althoughdroughtdoesmakelandmorevulnerable,well-managedlandcansurvivedroughtsandrecover,eveninaridregions.Anothermistakenbeliefisthattheprocessoccursonlyalongtheedgesofdeserts.Infact,itmaytakeplaceinanyaridorsemiaridregion,especiallywherepoorlandmanagementispracticed.Mostvulnerable,however,arethetransitionalzonesbetweendesertsandarableland;whereverhumanactivityleadstolandabuseinfragilemarginalareas,soildestructionisinevitable.

[A]Agricultureandovergrazingarethetwomajorsourcesofdesertification.[B]Large-scalefarmingrequiresextensiveirrigation,whichultimatelydestroyslandbydepletingitsnutrientsandleachingmineralsintothetopsoil.[C]Grazingisespeciallydestructivetolandbecause,inadditiontodepletingcovervegetation,herdsofgrazingmammalsalsotramplethefineorganicparticlesofthetopsoil,leadingtosoilcompactionanderosion.[D]Ittakesabout500yearsfortheearthtobuildup3centimetersoftopsoil.However,cattleranchingandagriculturecandepleteasmuchas2to3centimetersoftopsoilevery25years—60to80timesfasterthanitcanbereplacedbynature.

Salinationisatypeoflanddegradationthatinvolvesanincreaseinthesaltcontentofthesoil.Thisusuallyoccursasaresultofimproperirrigationpractices.ThegreatMesopotamianempires—Sumer,AkkadandBabylon—werebuiltonthesurplusoftheenormouslyproductivesoiloftheancientTigris-Euphratesalluvialplain.Afternearlyathousandyearsofintensivecultivation,landqualitywasinevidentdecline.Inresponse,around2800BCtheSumeriansbegandiggingthehugeTigris-Euphratescanalsystemtoirrigatetheexhaustedsoil.Atempora