考研考博-英語-唐山學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-唐山學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

BarbaraStrozziwasasingerandcomposerofmadrigalsariasandcantataspublishedinVenicebetween1644and1664.Heruseofthesevocalformsplacesherdirectlywithinthecantatatraditionofthemid-seventeenthcentury,alongwithsuchmayorfigureasRossi,Carissimi,andCesti.WiththenotableexceptionofFrancescaCaccioi(1587-1640),sheistheonlyknownwomanamongthemanyariaandcantatacomposersofseventeenth-centuryItaly,andis,presumably,amongtheveryfewwomenoftheperiodtohavepursuedacareerasacomposerandtohaveachievedsomemeasureofpublicrecognition.

Thishistoricaldistinctionattractedattentiontoherworksearlyinthepresentcentury,evenwhenthemusicofmostofhermalecontemporaries,and,indeed,mostwomencomposersofanyera,remainedrelativelyignored.Butappreciationofherstylewaslimitedbyprevailingconventiontoanisolationofitssupposedlyfemininequalities:“greatspontaneity,exquisitegrace,marvelouslyfinetaste.”Suchanappreciationnowappearsirrelevantaswellaspolemicalinitsincompletenessbecauseweareinabetterposition-withregardtobothhistoricalknowledgeandsocialawareness-toattemptamorepreciseevaluationforasomewhatanomalous(unusual)figurelikeBarbaraStrozzi.

Bornin1619inVenice,shegrewupinthehomeofGiulioStrozzi,arenownedpoetandleadingfigureamongVenetianintellectuals.Barbara’spresenceinGiulio’shouseholdguaranteedheranearlyandfullexposuretoVenetianmusicalandliterarysociety.Indeed,shewasabletoenteraworldthatwas,apparently,closedtoothermembersofhersex.Similarly,FrancescaCaccini,themostprominentandsuccessfulItalianwomancomposeroftheperiod,wasthedaughterofprofessionmusiciansandthereforeexposedtomusicfrominfancy.Thisparallelsuggeststhatsuchanenvironmentmayhavebeenessentialforthedevelopmentofafemalecomposer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,BarbaraStrozzi’smusicattractedattentionearlyinthetwentiethcenturybecauseof（

）.

2.Theauthor’suseoftheword“supposedly”(line4,Para.2)implieswhichofthefollowing?

3.TheauthorofthepassagebasesherassertionthatStrozziisoneoftheveryfewseventeenth-centuryItalianwomencomposersonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

4.TheauthorofthepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwasmostessentialtothesuccessofbothFrancescaCacciniandBarbaraStrozzi?

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatallofthefollowingmadeBarbaraStrozzi“asomewhatanomalousfigure”EXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itsuniquelyprivatecharacter

B.itsinfluenceonFrancescaCaccini

C.thescarcityofseventeenth-centurywomencomposers

D.theunconventionalityofitsforms

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthordoubtsthehistoricalauthenticityofthequotationthatfollows.

B.Theauthordoubtstheaccuracyofthefactssheisreporting.

C.Theauthordisagreeswiththejudgmentsheisdiscussing.

D.TheauthordoesnotbelievethatStrozzi9smusichasthequalitiescitedinthequotation.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Publicrecognitionisanindispensablepartofacareerasacomposer.

B.StrozziandCacciniwereinfluencedbythesamecomposers.

C.Themusicofanywomancomposerwhomherseventeenth-centurycontemporariesregardedasnoteworthywouldbeknowntomodemscholars.

D.Thecantatatraditionofthemed-seventeenthcenturyincludescomposersscholarsandperformersofmadrigalsandariasaswellascantatas.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheirpresenceinVeniceatatimewhenvocalmusicnourished.

B.Theirearlyfirsthandexposuretomusicandmusicians.

C.Thelackofcompetitionfromothercomposers.

D.Thepopularityofmadrigalsandcantatasinseventeenth-centuryItaly.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.shewasawomancomposerduringtheseventeenthcentury

B.shedidnotwritedramaticworksforvoice

C.shedidnotperformoperaticworks

D.shewrotemovingvocalworks

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段提到這一歷史上的與眾不同在本世紀(jì)初吸引了人們對(duì)她作品的關(guān)注，而這時(shí)大多數(shù)和她同時(shí)代的男性作曲家，甚至任何時(shí)代的女性作曲家的作品，仍然相對(duì)被忽視（Thishistoricaldistinctionattractedattentiontoherworksearlyinthepresentcentury,evenwhenthemusicofmostofhermalecontemporaries,and,indeed,mostwomencomposersofanyera,remainedrelativelyignored），由此可知她的作品之所以吸引別人的關(guān)注是因?yàn)樗髌返呐c眾不同，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第二段提到對(duì)她風(fēng)格的欣賞受到了主流傳統(tǒng)的限制，局限于對(duì)其女性化特質(zhì)的孤立：自發(fā)性、精致的優(yōu)雅、絕妙的品味（Butappreciationofherstylewaslimitedbyprevailingconventiontoanisolationofitssupposedlyfemininequalities:“greatspontaneity,exquisitegrace,marvelouslyfinetaste”），由此可知作者并不贊成這種觀點(diǎn)，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第一段最后一句話提到她是十七世紀(jì)意大利眾多詠嘆調(diào)和大合唱作曲家中唯一知名的女性，而且她是那個(gè)時(shí)期為數(shù)不多的從事作曲家事業(yè)并獲得一定程度的公眾認(rèn)可的女性之一（sheistheonlyknownwomanamongthemanyariaandcantatacomposersofseventeenth-centuryItaly,andis,presumably,amongtheveryfewwomenoftheperiodtohavepursuedacareerasacomposerandtohaveachievedsomemeasureofpublicrecognition），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到芭芭拉很早就接觸了威尼斯音樂和文學(xué)社會(huì)（Barbara’spresenceinGiulio’shouseholdguaranteedheranearlyandfullexposuretoVenetianmusicalandliterarysociety），接著提到了成功的意大利女性作曲家卡西尼從嬰兒時(shí)期就接觸音樂（Similarly,FrancescaCaccini,themostprominentandsuccessfulItalianwomancomposeroftheperiod,wasthedaughterofprofessionmusiciansandthereforeexposedtomusicfrominfancy），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，除了選項(xiàng)A“她是17世紀(jì)女作曲家”不是她不尋常的原因外，其他三項(xiàng)都是。

2.單選題

TheculturesofChinaandJapanhavesharedmanyfeatures,buteachhasusedthemaccordingtoitsnational（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.engagement

B.destiny

C.capacity

D.temperament

【答案】D

【解析】句意:中日兩國的文化有許多共同的特點(diǎn)，但是每個(gè)國家卻根據(jù)各自的民族氣質(zhì)來體現(xiàn)。

考查名詞辨析。engagement婚約；約會(huì)；交戰(zhàn)；諾言；destiny命運(yùn);capacity能力；容量；資格；temperament氣質(zhì)；性情；性格。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

Thattradeprotectionhurtstheeconomyofthecountrythatimposesitisoneoftheoldestbutstillmoststartlinginsightseconomicshastooffer.Theideadatesbacktotheoriginofeconomicscienceitself.AdamSmith’sTheWealthofNations,whichgavebirthtoeconomics,alreadycontainedtheargumentforfreetrade:byspecializinginproductioninsteadofproducingeverything,eachnationwouldprofitfromfreetrade.Ininternationaleconomicsitisthedirectcounterparttotheideathatpeoplewithinanationaleconomywillbebetteroffiftheyspecializeatwhattheydobestinsteadoftryingtobeself-sufficient

Itisimportanttodistinguishbetweenthecasesforfreetradeforoneselfandthecaseforfreetradeforall.Theformerisanargumentforfreetradetoimproveonenation’sownwelfare(the"national-efficiency”argument).Thelatterisanargumentforfreetradetoimproveeverytradingcountry'swelfare(the"cosmopolitan-efficiency"argument).

Underlyingbothcasesistheassumptionthatfreemarketsdetermineprices,butgovernmentsmaydistortmarketpricesby,forexample,subsidizingproductionorgovernmentsmayprotectintellectualpropertyinadequately,causingunderproductionofnewknowledge.

Thecosmopolitan-efficiencycaseforfreetradeisrelevanttoquestionssuchasthedesignofinternationaltraderegimes.Thenational-efficiencycaseforfreetradeconcernsnationaltradepolicies;itis,infact,AdamSmith'scaseforfreetrade.Economiststypicallyhavethenational-efficiencycaseinmindwhentheytalkoftheadvantageoffreetradeandofthefollyofprotectionism.

ThetradepolicyoftheUnitedStatestodayispremisedonadifferentassessment:thatindeedU.S.marketscan,andshould,beclosedasameansofopeningnewmarketsabroad.Thispremiseunderliessections301through310ofthe1988OmnibusTradeandCompetitivenessAct.Theseprovisionspermit,andsometimesevenrequire,theU.S.governmenttoforceothercountriesintoacceptingnewtradeobligationsbythreateningtariffretaliationiftheydonot.Butthose”tradeobligations"donotalwaysentailfreetrade.Theycan,forinstance,taketheformofvoluntaryquotasonexportsofcertaingoodstotheUnitedStates.Thus,theymaysimplyforceweaknationstoredirecttheirtradeinwaysthatstrongnationsdesire,cuttingawayattheprinciplethattradeshouldbeguidedbymarketprices.Mucheconomicanalysisshowsthatinthepast20yearsU.S."fairtrade"mechanismsturnedincreasinglyintoprotectionistinstrumentsusedunfairlyagainstforeigncompetition.

1.Theauthormentionsthatit’strueofAdamSmiththathearguedthat（

）.

2.Thenational-efficiencyandthe“cosmopolitan-efficiency”argumentrestontheassumptionthat（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTtheargumentthat（

）.

4.Theauthorismostcriticalof（

）.

5.Thebeststatementtosummarizetheauthor'sargumentwouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.protectionismininternationaltradewasbad.

B.specializationwasgood,whichledotherstoadvocatefreetrade.

C.dueto“cosmopolitan-efficiency”freetradewasdesirable

D.freetrademustalsobefairtrade.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.freetradeallowsforselfsufficiency.

B.pricesarethesameineachtradingnation

C.marketproductioniscompletelyunregulatedbythegovernments.

D.pricesaren’tbeingaffectedbygovernments’policies.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theU.S.hasnotadheredtotheprincipleoffreetradeinpractice.

B.theU.S.oftenusesthethreatofpunishmentforitsownadvantage.

C.voluntaryquotasaredesirablealternativestoprotectionism.

D."Fairtrade”policiesareoftenjustdisguisedformsofprotectionism.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.the"nationalefficiency"argument.

B.the"cosmopolitanefficiency"argument.

C.thegovernmentoftheU.S.

D.the1988OmnibusTradeandCompetitivenessAct.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.freetradeisdesirablebutitstheoryisnotgenerallyaccepted.

B.UStradepolicygoesagainstthewisdomofeconomists.

C.protectionismisfollyforanumberofreasons.

D.theU.S.isbeingunfairinitsforeignpolicies.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出：...alreadycontainedtheargumentforfreetrade:byspecializinginproductioninsteadofproducingeverything,eachnationwouldprofitfromfreetrade(專營某一類產(chǎn)品而不是所有的產(chǎn)品，每個(gè)國家都將會(huì)從自由貿(mào)易中獲利)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出:Underlyingbothcasesistheassumptionthatfreemarketsdetermineprices(以上兩種是基于自由市場決定價(jià)格這一假設(shè))。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章最后一句話：Mucheconomicanalysisshowsthatinthepast

20yearsU.S."fairtrade"mechanismsturnedincreasinglyintoprotectionistinstrumentsusedunfairlyagainstforeigncompetition(過去20年間，美國所謂的“公平貿(mào)易”機(jī)制已日益轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊绹鴮?shí)施不公平外貿(mào)競爭的保護(hù)工具。故可知A項(xiàng)(美國在實(shí)踐中沒有堅(jiān)持自由貿(mào)易原則)、D項(xiàng)(公平貿(mào)易政策往往只是偽裝成保護(hù)主義的形式)符合文章內(nèi)容，排除。第四段：...theU.S.governmenttoforceothercountriesintoacceptingnewtradeobligationsbythreateningtariffretaliationiftheydonot...美國通過恐嚇式的關(guān)稅報(bào)復(fù)方式，迫使其他國家接受其新的貿(mào)易政策。由此可知，B項(xiàng)（美國經(jīng)常出于自身利益而使用懲罰威脅）符合文章內(nèi)容，排除。由此可以推斷C正確。

4.推斷題。文章指出:美國現(xiàn)行的貿(mào)易政策是以不同評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為前提,這一前提是依據(jù)1988年通過的《貿(mào)易和競爭力綜合法案》第301條至310條規(guī)定。這些規(guī)定使得美國可以通過恐嚇式的關(guān)稅報(bào)復(fù)方式，迫使其他國家接受其新的貿(mào)易政策。因此推測D項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。B項(xiàng)(美國的貿(mào)易政策違背了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué))比較能概括全文主旨。

4.翻譯題

1.Althoughmanypeopleclaimthat,alongwiththerapidlyeconomicdevelopment,thenumberofpeoplewhousebicyclearedecreasingandbicycleisboundtodieout.TheinformationI’vecollectedovertherecentyearsleadsmetobelievethatbicyclewillcontinuetoplayextremelyimportantrolesinmodernsociety.

2.Thereisageneraldiscussionthesedaysovereducationinmanycollegesandinstitutes.Oneofthequestionsunderdebateiswhethereducationisalifetimestudy.

3.Thesedays,peopleingrowingnumbersarebeginningtocomplainthatworkismorestressfulandlessleisurelythaninthepast.Manyexpertspointoutthat,alongwiththedevelopmentofmodernsociety,itisaninevitableresultandthereisnowaytoavoidit.

4.Manypeoplebelievethatinternationaltourismproducepositiveeffectsoneconomicgrowthandlocalgovernmentshouldbeencouragedtopromoteinternationaltourism.

5.Anyparentsshouldplaceconsiderableemphasisontheirchildrentokeepthebalancebetweenplayandstudy.Asanoldsayinggoes:AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.

【答案】1.盡管許多人認(rèn)為隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，用自行車的人數(shù)會(huì)減少，自行車可能會(huì)消亡。然而，這幾年我收集的一些信息讓我相信自行車仍然會(huì)繼續(xù)在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)發(fā)揮極其重要的作用。

2.當(dāng)前在高校和研究機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)教育存在著大量爭論，其中一個(gè)問題就是教育是否是個(gè)終身學(xué)習(xí)的過程。

3.現(xiàn)在，越來越多的人們開始抱怨工作比以前更有壓力。許多專家指出這是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)發(fā)展必然的結(jié)果，無法避免。

4.許多人認(rèn)為國際旅游對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有積極作用，應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)地方政府發(fā)展國際旅游。

5.任何家長都應(yīng)非常重視保持孩子在學(xué)習(xí)與玩耍之間的平衡。正如那句老話：只工作，不玩耍，聰明的孩子會(huì)變傻。

5.單選題

It’sinyourbest（）toquitsmoking,foryouhavesomebreathingproblems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sake

B.benefit

C.advantage

D.interest

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：戒煙對(duì)你最有利，因?yàn)槟阌幸恍┖粑鼏栴}。beinsb’s(best)interest(s)(todosth)=bethebestthingforsomeone，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Manymentalinstitutionsthroughoutthecountryhavebeenturnedintodumpinggroundsforthousandsofoldsterswhohavenoplaceelsetogo.Mostofthemaren’treallymentallyill.Inthejargonofthehospitalbureaucracy,theyareclassifiedas“inappropriateadmissions.”Butsincesocietyhasnothingbettertooffer,theyarelefttorotwithouthope,help,ordignity.Theusualexitisdeath.

Oftenthroughnofaultoftheirown,understaffedandovercrowdedmentalhospitalshandletheir“geriatriccases”littlebetterthancattle.Thereisarecurrentpatternofelderlypatientslockedintowardstopreventthemfromwanderingabout,givensteadydosesoftranquilizerstokeepthem“manageable”,leftdayandnightwithoutatraceofhumanwarmthorcompanionship.

Somehospitalshavewardsfullofelderly,tranquilizedpatients,bodiesbloatedfromtheirinactive,meaninglessexistences,sittinglistlesslyonhardbenchesorsprawledasleeponthefloor.Therearewomen,silentasstatues,occupyingchairsandrockersinthecorridors.Whiletheweathermaybebeautifuloutdoors,oldmenmayindifferentlyshuffleaboutageriatric“cottage”withnowheretogoandnothingtodo.

Yetmanyofthepeoplecouldberestoredtohumandignity,notbycomplicatedtherapeuticprocedures,butamongotherthings,byprovidinggoodmedicalcareandreachingoutahandofkindnesstowardsthem.

Itisestimatedthatonehalfoftheoldpeopleinstatementalhospitalstodaycouldleaveifpropercommunityresources,servicesandprogramswereavailable.Butanindifferentsocietyhasnotmadethemavailable.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（）.

2.“Geriatric”inparagraph2referstopeoplewhoare（）.

3.Wemayinferthattheauthor（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthattherealblamelieswith（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mostoldpeopleneedfamilycare

B.goodcarefortheelderlyiscostly

C.manyoldpeoplearelivingouttheirlastyearsinmentalinstitutions

D.oldpeopleshouldbetakenoutofdoorswhentheweatherispleasant

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.old

B.lonely

C.mentallyill

D.physicallysick

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isindifferenttothestatusquoofthehospitals

B.issympathetictothesituationoftheelderly

C.isoptimistictowardsthefutureoftheelderly

D.ishostiletowardsthementalhospitalstaff

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thesociety

B.thementalinstitutions

C.theelderly

D.thehospitalbureaucracy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,首段第一句為全文主旨句?！癕anymentalinstitutionsthroughoutthecountryhavebeenturnedintodumpinggroundsforthousandsofoldsterswhohavenoplaceelsetogo.”全國各地的許多精神病院已經(jīng)變成了接納成千上萬沒有去處的老年人的垃圾場。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)原文句意:人手不足、人滿為患的精神病院在處理“病例”時(shí)就像對(duì)待牲口一樣。上一段提到,大多數(shù)進(jìn)精神病院的都是老人,并且他們沒有真正的精神疾病,也不是因?yàn)楣陋?dú)或者生病才進(jìn)來的,所以“geriatric”指的是老年人。選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,如果有適當(dāng)?shù)纳鐓^(qū)資源、服務(wù)和項(xiàng)目,現(xiàn)在州立精神病院的老人可以離開一半。但是冷漠的社會(huì)并沒有提供這些服務(wù)。說明作者更多的是同情這些老人,選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Butanindifferentsocietyhasnotmadethemavailable.”但是冷漠的社會(huì)并沒有提供這些服務(wù)。說明作者認(rèn)為真正的過錯(cuò)在于社會(huì),選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.單選題

Thefarmerwarnedthosechildrennotto_____onthecorn.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.collapse

B.stripe

C.stride

D.tramp

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。collapse“倒塌，崩潰”；stripe“加條紋”；stride“跨步”；tramp“踩，走過”。句意：農(nóng)民告誡那些孩子們不要在莊稼地里踩踏。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Wecannotalways（）thewind,sonewwindmillsshouldbesodesignedthattheycanalsobedrivenbywater.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hangon

B.holdon

C.counton

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。hangon“堅(jiān)持下去，不掛斷”；holdon“堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)”；counton“指望，依靠”；comeon“開始”。句意：我們不能總是依靠風(fēng)，所以新的風(fēng)車應(yīng)該設(shè)計(jì)得也能由水驅(qū)動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Apieceofglasswasembedded（）herhand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.within

C.in

D.inside

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞辨析及搭配。A項(xiàng)with“和……”，B項(xiàng)within“在……之內(nèi)”，C項(xiàng)in“在……里”，D項(xiàng)inside“內(nèi)部、內(nèi)側(cè)”；句意：一塊玻璃扎在她的手上。embedin“嵌入”；因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Dr.Johnsonwasgrantedanhonoredtitlein____ofhisvaluableworkforthecollege.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advancement

B.acquisition

C.announcement

D.acknowledgement

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.advancement促進(jìn)；推動(dòng)B.acquisition（知識(shí)、技能等的）獲得；得到

C.announcement（指行動(dòng)）宣布；宣告D.acknowledgement（對(duì)事實(shí)、現(xiàn)實(shí)、存在的）承認(rèn)；感謝；謝禮

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：約翰遜博士被授予榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)，以……他為學(xué)院所做的寶貴工作。根據(jù)邏輯，是由于約翰遜博士為學(xué)院做了貢獻(xiàn)所以被授予榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)，這個(gè)稱號(hào)是用來感謝他的。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】約翰遜博士被授予榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)，以表彰他為學(xué)院所做的寶貴工作。

11.單選題

PresidentBarackObamahasbeenexcoriatedfordeclaringthat“wedon'thaveastrategyyet”foreffectivelyconfrontingtheIslamicStategroup.IncriticizingObamafortakingtoomuchtime,MikeRogers,theRepublicanchairmanoftheHouseIntelligenceCommittee,told“FoxNewsSunday”that“this‘don’t-do-stupid-stuff”policyisn’tworking.”Thatsoundedoddtomyear—likeweshouldjustbombsomebody,evenifitisstupid.IfObamadidthat,whatwouldhebeignoring?

First,experience.After9/11thatsortof“fire,ready,aim”approachledGeorgeW.BushtoorderagroundwarinIraqwithoutsufficienttroopstocontrolthecountry,withoutatruegraspofIraq’sShiite-Sunnisectariandynamicsandwithoutanyrealizationthat,indestroyingtheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraq,weweredestroyingbothofIran’smortalenemiesandtherebyopeningthewayforavastexpansionofIran’sregionalinfluence.Wewereinahurry,myselfincluded,tochangethingsafter9/11,andwhenyou’reinahurryyouignorecomplexitiesthatcomebacktohauntyoulater.

TherearenowordstodescribethevilenessofthevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicState,butIhavenodoubtthatthey'remeanttogetustooverreact,ala9/11,andrushoffagainwithoutastrategy.TheIslamicStateisawful,butitisnotathreattoAmerica’shomeland.

Second,thecontext.TodefeattheIslamicState,youhavetoaddressthecontextoutofwhichitemerged.AndthatisthethreecivilwarsragingintheArabworldtoday:thecivilwarwithinSunniIslambetweenradicaljihadistsandmoderatemainstreamSunniMuslimsandregimes;thecivilwaracrosstheregionbetweenSunnisfundedbySaudiArabiaandShiitesfundedbyIran;andthecivilwarbetweenSunnijihadistsandallotherminoritiesintheregion:Yazidis,Turkmen,Kurds,Christians,JewsandAlawites.

Whenyouhavearegionbesetbythatmanycivilwarsatonce,itmeansthereisnocenter,onlysides.Andwhenyouinterveneinthemiddleofaregionwithnocenter,youveryquicklybecomeaside.

TheIslamicStateemergedasanextremeexpressionofresentmentbyoneside:IraqiandSyrianSunniswhofeltcutoutofpowerandresourcesbythepro-IranianShiiteregimeinBaghdadandthepro-IranianAlawite/ShiiteregimeinDamascus.ThatiswhyObamakeepsinsistingthattheUnitedStates’militaryinterventionmustbeaccompanied,forstarters,byIraqisproducinganationalunitygovernment―ofmainstreamShiites,SunnisandKurds--soouruseofforcesupportspluralismandpower-sharing,notjustShiitepower.

Butpower-sharingdoesn’tcomeeasyinaregionwherekinshipandsectarianloyaltiesoverwhelmanysenseofsharedcitizenship.Withoutit,though,thedominantphilosophyiseither:“Iamstrong,whyshouldIcompromise?”or“Iamweak,howcanIcompromise?”SoanyonslaughtwemakeontheIslamicState,absentnationalunitygovernments,willhaveShiitessayingtheformerandSunnissayingthelatter.That’swhythisiscomplicated.

1.Whichofthefollowingwordsissynonymoustothehighlightedword“excoriated”inthefirstlineofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingstatementsareFALSEEXCEPT（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthewholepassage?

5.Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor’sattitudetowardsObama’spolicyontheIslamicStateaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excruciated

B.approbated

C.exfoliated

D.reprobated

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.MikeRogersdoesn’tthinkthatitisstupidthatObamadidn’ttakeactionstobombtheIslamicState.

B.GeorgeW.Bush’sapproachtodestroytheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraqhasactuallyhelpedIran.

C.TheIslamicStatebeheadedtwoAmericanJournalistshadthreatenedthesafetyofAmericanhomeland.

D.Whenaregionisbesetbymanycivilwarsatonce,thereiscenter,nosides.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.IfObamadiddestroytheIslamicState,hewouldignoreseveralissues.

B.ThevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicStatearejustmeanttothreatentheUnitedStates.

C.ObamainsiststhattheUnitedStates，militaryinterventioninIraqmustbeaccompaniedbyIraqisproducinganationalunitygovernment.

D.TheU.S.governmentneedstothinkoverbeforetakingactionsagainsttheIslamicState.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Obama’sPolicyontheIslamicState

B.ConflictsintheArabWorld

C.Fire,Ready,Aim.NotReady,Aim,Fire

D.Ready,Aim,Fire.NotFire,Ready,Aim

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.opposing

B.approving

C.neutral

D.indifferent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“PresidentBarackObamahasbeenexcoriatedfordeclaringthat“wedon'thaveastrategyyet”foreffectivelyconfrontingtheIslamicStategroup.”，可知美國總統(tǒng)巴拉克?奧巴馬因宣稱尚未制定有效對(duì)抗伊斯蘭國組織的戰(zhàn)略而受到嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)。所以找出excoriate“批評(píng)，斥責(zé)”的同義詞，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句，“After9/11thatsortof“fire,ready,aim”approachledGeorgeW.BushtoorderagroundwarinIraqwithoutsufficienttroopstocontrolthecountry,withoutatruegraspofIraq’sShiite-Sunnisectariandynamicsandwithoutanyrealizationthat,indestroyingtheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraq,weweredestroyingbothofIran’smortalenemiesandtherebyopeningthewayforavastexpansionofIran’sregionalinfluence.”可知9.11后那種“開炮、準(zhǔn)備、作戰(zhàn)”的方法使布什在伊拉克發(fā)動(dòng)地面戰(zhàn)爭的時(shí)候沒有足夠的軍事力量在控制這個(gè)國家，沒有真正了解伊拉克什葉派和遜尼派的宗派動(dòng)態(tài)，也沒有意識(shí)到摧毀了阿富汗的遜尼派塔利班政權(quán)和伊拉克的遜尼派復(fù)興黨政權(quán)，我們就可以摧毀伊朗的死敵，從而為伊朗地區(qū)影響力的大規(guī)模擴(kuò)張開辟道路?？赏茢喑霾际泊輾О⒏缓惯d尼派塔利班政權(quán)和伊拉克遜尼派復(fù)興黨政權(quán)的做法，實(shí)際上幫助了伊朗。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句，“TherearenowordstodescribethevilenessofthevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicState,butIhavenodoubtthatthey'remeanttogetustooverreact”，可知伊斯蘭國斬首兩名美國記者的視頻的惡劣程度無法用言語來形容，但我毫不懷疑，他們的目的只是讓我們反應(yīng)過度。所以目的不是為了威脅美國。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.主旨題。文章主要關(guān)于有效抗擊伊斯蘭國組織的策略問題，主要講述了打擊伊斯蘭國的策略。9.11事件后策略上的不成熟導(dǎo)致美國陷入不利的處境，所以D選項(xiàng)的標(biāo)題是對(duì)策略的一個(gè)完整概括和總結(jié)，即準(zhǔn)備-定目標(biāo)-開戰(zhàn)，而不是開戰(zhàn)-準(zhǔn)備-定目標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Thatsoundedoddtomyear—likeweshouldjustbombsomebody,evenifitisstupid.IfObamadidthat,whatwouldhebeignoring?”，可知在我聽來這很奇怪，就好像我們應(yīng)該直接轟炸某人，即使這很愚蠢。如果奧巴馬要摧毀伊斯蘭國，他會(huì)忽略哪些問題呢?，可推斷出作者對(duì)于奧巴馬摧毀伊斯蘭國的政策持贊同態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Icouldn'thavegottothemeetingontime（）anearliertrain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ifIhadnotcaught

B.unlessIhadcaught

C.ifIdidnotcatch

D.unlessIcaught

【答案】A

【解析】句意:要是我沒有趕上早一班火車，我就不可能及時(shí)到會(huì)了。

語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。此句是一個(gè)虛擬語氣的條件句，主句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因此，從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該排除C和D項(xiàng)。虛擬語氣的條件句中,常常用if來表示“如果”,而不用unless,因此選A.。

13.單選題

Aninnovator,ballerinaAugustaMaywoodwas（

）atravelingcompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toformthefirst

B.thefirsttoform

C.whoformedthefirst

D.formingthefirst

【答案】B

【解析】考查序數(shù)詞的用法。句意：作為一個(gè)改革者，芭蕾舞女演員AugustaMaywood是第一個(gè)成立旅游公司的人。由句意及序數(shù)詞的用法可知B項(xiàng)正確。The+序數(shù)詞+todosth。

14.單選題

Thetwodelegateshadanin-depthexchangeofviewsonhowtoenhancetheir（）cooperation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ethical

B.bilateral

C.mandatory

D.subsidiary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ethical“倫理的，道德的”；bilateral“雙邊的”；mandatory“強(qiáng)制的”；subsidiary“附屬的”，由delegate“代表團(tuán)”與cooperation“合作”一詞可知此處應(yīng)該選擇形容詞bilateral，表示兩國之間的合作。句意：這兩個(gè)代表團(tuán)就如何加強(qiáng)……合作進(jìn)行了深入的交流。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

15.單選題

HistorianssuchasLeRoyLadurichaveusedthedocumentstoextractcasehistories,whichhave（）theattitudesofdifferentsocialgroupsandhaverevealedhowtheauthoritiesadministeredjustice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laminated

B.ruminated

C.illuminated

D.eliminated

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞詞義辨析。laminate“分成薄片”；ruminate“沉思，反復(fù)思考”；illuminate“闡明，說明”；eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：羅伊?拉杜里克這樣一些歷史家從記錄中提取出歷史案例，這些案例說明了不同社會(huì)群體的態(tài)度以及他們是如何執(zhí)行司法的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Everyeffortshouldcontributetothehealthydevelopmentofourcompany,buthowdidtheyreachsuchadecisionthatmaybe（）tothecompany’sfuture?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.irrelevant

B.detrimental

C.casual

D.preceding

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Irrelevant“不相干的”；detrimental“有害的”；casual“隨意的，偶然的”；preceding“先前的”。句意：每一項(xiàng)努力都應(yīng)該為公司的健康發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)，但是他們是如何做出這樣一個(gè)可能對(duì)公司未來不利的決定的呢?選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

17.單選題

Histhoughtswere（）fromthispainfultopicbythesuddenarrivalofaneighbor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attracted

B.retracted

C.distracted

D.protracted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)attract“吸引，引起”；B選項(xiàng)retract“縮回，縮進(jìn)，取消”；C選項(xiàng)distract“（使）分心，轉(zhuǎn)移注意力”，distract…from“使從……分心”；D選項(xiàng)protract“延長；繪制”A、B、D選項(xiàng)一般不和介詞from連用。句意：突然來了一個(gè)鄰居，使他從這個(gè)痛苦的話題上分心了。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

18.單選題

Whenthefarmersvisitedthecitythefirsttime,theywere___byitscomplicatedtrafficsystem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precluded

B.bewildered

C.diverted

D.expired

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)precluded“排除；妨礙；阻止”；B選項(xiàng)bewildered“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C選項(xiàng)diverted“呼叫轉(zhuǎn)移，釋放”；D選項(xiàng)expired“期滿；失效；（人）死亡；呼（氣）”。句意：當(dāng)農(nóng)民們第一次進(jìn)城時(shí)，他們被城里復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)___。本句表達(dá)“農(nóng)民們被復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)弄得不知所措”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.填空題

Thecompanyheadquartersincludeatechnicallibraryandabigresearchlaboratory.I’vevisited（1）lab,whichisvery（2）equipped.Iwouldn'tmindworkingtheremyself.

【答案】1.the

2.well

【解析】1.語法題?？疾槎ü谠~。這里應(yīng)該用定冠詞the來表示特指前面出現(xiàn)過的laboratory。

2.固定搭配。Bewellequipped設(shè)備齊全精良。

20.單選題

Insomeways,theUnitesStateshasmadespectacularprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18.000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiesinafire.

ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.

Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan’spopulation,and40timesasmanyfires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildren,whodieindisproportionatelylargenumbersinfiresbutwho,contrarytopopularmyth,startveryfewofthem.

Expertssaythefat