考研考博-英語-天津科技大學考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津科技大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

許多人覺得跟計算機打交道比跟人打交道更自在。計算機更有耐心，不會對操作的人評頭論足。許多學生向教師請教的時候，總會感到緊張，他們樂于向計算機提問。有些病人更愿意向計算機而不是向醫(yī)生說明自己的病情，甚至出現(xiàn)了能夠解決心理問題的計算機程序，因為許多人覺得與別人討論自己的心理問題不太自在。

【答案】答：

Manypeoplefeelthatit’smorecomfortabletodealwithcomputersthanwithpeople.Theywillnotfeeljudgedbecausethecomputerismorepatient.Manystudentsfeelnervouswhentheyaskteachersforadvice,sotheyaremorewillingtoturntocomputers.Somepatientsprefertoexplaintheirillnesstoacomputerratherthanadoctor.Asaresult,thereareevencomputerprogramsthatcandealwithpsychologicalproblems,becausemanyfeeluncomfortablediscussingtheirpsychologicalproblemswithothers.

2.單選題

Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom.Thesmoke（

）myeyes.

問題1選項

A.disturbs

B.bothers

C.upsets

D.irritates

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項disturb“打擾，妨礙”；B選項bother“麻煩，打擾”；C選項upset“使心煩，擾亂”；D選項irritate“刺激，激怒”。句意：請不要在會議室吸煙，煙熏得我眼睛難受。也就是說眼睛受到了刺激，所以選項D正確。

3.不定項選擇題

OrdinaryAspirinisTrulyaWonderDrugAmericansthisyearwillswallow15,000tonsofaspirin,oneofthesafestandmosteffectivedrugsinventedbyman.Themostpopular(1)intheworldtoday,itisaneffectivepainreliever.Itsbadeffectsarerelativelymild,(2)itischeap.

Formillionsofpeople(3)fromarthritis,itistheonlythingthatworks.Aspirin,inshort,istrulythe20thcentury(4)drug.Itisalsothesecond(5)suicidedrugandistheleading(6)ofpoisoningamongchildren.Ithassideeffects(7),althoughrelatively(8),arelargelyunrecognizedamongusers.

AlthoughaspirinwasfirstsoldbyaGermancompanyin1899,ithasbeenaround(9)longerthanthat.Hippocrates,inancientGreece,understoodthemedicalvalueoftheleavesandtreebarkwhichtodayareknownto(10)salicylates,thechemicalinaspirin.Duringthe19thcentury,therewasagreat(11)ofexperimentationinEuropewiththischemical,andit(12)totheintroductionofaspirin.By1915,aspirintabletswere(13)intheUnitedStates.

Asmallquantityofaspirin(twofive-graintablets)(14)painandintimation.Italsoreducesfeverbyinterfering(15)someofthebody’sreactions.Specifically,aspirinseemstoslowdowntheformationoftheacids(16)inpainandthecomplexchemicalreactionsthatcausefever.Thechemistryoftheseacidsisnotfullyunderstood,butthe(17)effectofaspiriniswell-known.

Aspirinisveryirritatingtothestomachliningandmanyaspiring(18)complainaboutupsetstomach.Thereisarightwayanda(19)waytotakeaspirin.Thebestwayistochewthetabletsbeforeswallowingthemwithwaterbutfewpeoplecan(20)thebittertaste.Somepeoplesuggestcrushingthetabletsinmilkororangejuiceanddrinkingthat.

問題1選項

A.killer

B.thing

C.medicine

D.invention

問題2選項

A.although

B.yet

C.but

D.and

問題3選項

A.troubled

B.suffering

C.losing

D.dying

問題4選項

A.effective

B.wonder

C.safest

D.miracle

問題5選項

A.largest

B.larger

C.effective

D.known

問題6選項

A.user

B.taker

C.reason

D.cause

問題7選項

A.that

B.they

C.many

D.what

問題8選項

A.formidable

B.unknown

C.mild

D.great

問題9選項

A.lot

B.much

C.many

D.great

問題10選項

A.detain

B.retain

C.maintain

D.contain

問題11選項

A.deed

B.sum

C.deal

D.many

問題12選項

A.moved

B.led

C.followed

D.brought

問題13選項

A.discovered

B.invented

C.valuable

D.available

問題14選項

A.releases

B.leaves

C.causes

D.relieves

問題15選項

A.through

B.upon

C.with

D.by

問題16選項

A.engaged

B.involved

C.engrossed

D.mixed

問題17選項

A.slowing

B.side

C.bad

D.worsening

問題18選項

A.makers

B.takers

C.givers

D.doer

問題19選項

A.good

B.better

C.wrong

D.left

問題20選項

A.stand

B.understand

C.putup

D.bore

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:D

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:D

第15題:D

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:C

第20題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項killer“殺手”；B選項thing“東西”；C選項medicine“藥品”；D選項invention“發(fā)明”。句意：它是當今世界上最流行的藥物。因此C選項符合題意。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項although“雖然”；B選項yet“然而”；C選項but“但是”；D選項and“而且”。句意：它的不良影響相對溫和，而且價格便宜。因此D選項符合題意。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項troubled“煩惱”；B選項suffering“受苦”；C選項losing“失去”；D選項dying“死亡”。句意：對于數(shù)百萬患有關節(jié)炎的人來說。sufferfrom是固定搭配，表示患……病。因此B選項符合題意。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項effective“有效”；B選項wonder“神奇”；C選項safest“最安全”；D選項miracle是名詞“奇跡”。句意：簡而言之，阿司匹林確實是20世紀的神奇藥物。因此B選項符合題意。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項largest“最大”；B選項larger“較大”；C選項effective“有效”；D選項known“已知”。句意：它也是第二大自殺藥物。因此A選項符合題意。

6.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項user“使用者”；B選項taker“接受者”；C選項reason“理由”，指從邏輯推理上得出的結論性原因；D選項cause“原因”，指直接導致事情發(fā)生的原因。句意：也是兒童中毒的主要原因。因此D選項符合題意。

7.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意：它的副作用在很大程度上未被使用者所意識到。只有A選項that能引導定語從句。因此A選項符合題意。

8.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項formidable“可怕”；B選項unknown“未知”；C選項mild“輕微”；D選項great“偉大”。句意：它的副作用雖然相對輕微。因此C選項符合題意。

9.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查形容詞比較級。much后面接形容詞比較級，表示加強比較級的語氣。句意：但它的歷史要比這長得多。因此B選項符合題意。

10.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項detain“扣留”；B選項retain“保留”；C選項maintain“維持”；D選項contain“包含。句意：如今人們知道它們含有水楊酸鹽。因此D選項符合題意。

11.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：在歐洲有很多關于這種化學物質的實驗。agreatdealof是固定搭配，表示大量。A，B，D選項沒有這種搭配。因此C選項符合題意。

12.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項moved“移動”；B選項led“導致”；C選項followed“跟隨”；D選項brought“帶來”。句意：導致了阿司匹林的出現(xiàn)。因此B選項符合題意。

13.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。此處應填形容詞，A選項discovered“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；B選項invented“發(fā)明”是動詞，排除A，B。C選項valuable“有價值”；D選項available“可用”。句意：阿司匹林藥片在美國上市。因此D選項符合題意。

14.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項releases“釋放”；B選項leaves“離開”；C選項causes“導致”；D選項relieves“緩解”。句意：少量的阿司匹林可以緩解疼痛。因此D選項符合題意。

15.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。A選項through“穿過”；B選項upon“在……之上”；C選項with“和……一起”；D選項by“通過”。句意：它還通過干擾身體的某些反應來降低發(fā)燒。interferewith是固定搭配，表示干擾。因此D選項符合題意。

16.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項engaged“從事”；B選項involved“相關”；C選項engrossed“沉迷”；D選項mixed“混合”。句意：阿司匹林似乎可以減緩與疼痛和導致發(fā)燒的復雜化學反應有關的酸的形成。因此B選項符合題意。

17.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查上下文聯(lián)系。A選項slowing“放慢”；B選項side“側面”；C選項bad“壞的”；D選項worsening“惡化”。句意：這些酸的化學成分尚未完全了解，但阿司匹林的減緩作用是眾所周知的。這一段說的都是阿司匹林的緩解作用。因此A選項符合題意。

18.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項makers“制造者”；B選項takers“接受者”；C選項givers“給予者”；D選項doer“實施者”。句意：許多服用阿司匹林的人都抱怨說胃不舒服。因此B選項符合題意。

19.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項good“好的”；B選項better“更好的”；C選項wrong“錯誤的”；D選項left“左邊的”。句意：服用阿司匹林有正確的方法和錯誤的方法。和上文的rightway相對應。因此C選項符合題意。

20.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項stand“忍受”；B選項understand“理解”；C選項putup“提供”；D選項bore“使煩擾”。句意：但很少有人能忍受這種苦味。因此A選項符合題意。

4.單選題

IsuggestedtheideatotheSalesManager,andhesaidhewould（

）it.

問題1選項

A.lookoutfor

B.lookinto

C.lookthrough

D.lookover

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“留心，提防”；B選項“調查，觀察，考慮”；C選項“瀏覽，溫習”；D選項“檢查，原諒”。句意：我向銷售經理提出一個建議，他說他將（）。這里提出建議，經理肯定是要經過思考看是否可行的，所以答案選B。

5.單選題

Whileanucleardestructionwillneverbecome______,wecanhelptomakeitlessprobablybyadvisingthesuperpowerstochangetheirattitudes.

問題1選項

A.desperate

B.impossible

C.serious

D.inevitable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項desperate“不顧一切的；令人絕望的；極度渴望的”；B選項impossible“不可能的；不可能存在的；難以忍受的；不真實的”；C選項serious“嚴肅的，嚴重的；認真的；莊重的；危急的”；D選項inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。句意：雖然核毀滅永遠無法避免，但我們可以建議超級大國改變態(tài)度，幫助降低這種毀滅的可能性。因此D選項正確。

6.單選題

Atthesametime,theFund,UnitedNationsFundforPopulationActivities,workstochangetheparadigmofmasculinitythatallowsfortheresolutionofconflictthroughviolence.

問題1選項

A.model

B.covenant

C.aspiration

D.hurdle

【答案】A

【解析】句意：與此同時，人口基金，即聯(lián)合國人口活動基金，正在努力改變男子氣概的……，這種……允許通過暴力解決沖突。A選項model“模式”；B選項covenant“契約”；C選項aspiration“抱負”；D選項hurdle“障礙”。由句意可知，“模式”更適合本句語境，因此A選項符合題意。

7.單選題

Fromthismaterialwecan（

）hundredsofwhatyoumaycalldirectproducts.

問題1選項

A.derive

B.discern

C.diminish

D.displace

【答案】B

【解析】derive源自，獲得；discern辨別，識別；diminish減少，縮??；displace取代，置換。句意：從這種材料中，我們可以辨別出數(shù)百種你所說的直接產品。選項B符合句意。

8.單選題

問題1選項

A.Hecrashedhistruck

B.Heinjuredhisspineinanearthquake

C.Hebrokehisarminacarcrash

D.Hesufferedanaccident

問題2選項

A.ltiseasytobeabsorbed

B.ltcangrowveryfast

C.lthasahighrateoffusion

D.ltcanformthenewbone

問題3選項

A.ltisanewlyinventedbiologicagent

B.ThebonecannotfusetogetherwithoutNanoFuse

C.TheboneandNanoFusecanfuseintonewbone

D.WiththehelpofNanoFuse,patientscanrecoververysoon

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】第1題:第一句即提到“seriouslyinjuredinatruckcrash”，說明他遭遇了交通事故。因此D選項正確。

第2題:文中說到：OnceNanofuseisused,newbonesoonstartstoform（一旦使用納米融合，新骨很快就開始形成），說明它能使新骨頭形成，因此C選項正確。

第3題:患者可以很快康復。文中說到：Nanofusehasahighrateoffusion,sopatientsareabletogrowtheirownbonesinashortperiodoftime（Nanofuse具有很高的融合率，因此患者能夠在短時間內生長自己的骨頭），說明這個技術可以使患者很快康復，因此D選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Althoughcatscannotseeincompletedarkness,theireyesaremuchmore_______tolightthanhumaneyes.

問題1選項

A.glowing

B.sensitive

C.brilliant

D.gloomy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項glowing“灼熱的；熱情洋溢的；鮮艷的”；B選項sensitive“敏感的；感覺的；靈敏的；感光的；易受傷害的；易受影響的”；C選項brilliant“燦爛的，閃耀的；杰出的；有才氣的；精彩的，絕妙的”；D選項gloomy“黑暗的；沮喪的；陰郁的”。句意：雖然貓在完全黑暗中看不見東西，但它們的眼睛比人眼對光更敏感。因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

AtthecloseoftheKyotoGlobal-WarmingTreatydiscussionsheldinBonnlastweek,exhaustednegotiatorsfromnearlyeverycountryonearthhadreasontobeproud.Theyhaddonewhatnooneexpected—theyreachedabreakthroughagreementtolimitgreenhousegases.Duringtheconcludingremarks,aseachspeakerpraisedthenext,onlythechiefUSofficialonthescenedrewanundiplomaticresponse.WhenPaulaDobrianskytoldthegatheringthattheBushAdministration“willnotabdicateourresponsibility”toaddressglobalwarming,thehallfilledwithboos.That’sbecausetheUS,theworld’slargestproduceofgreenhousegases,satonthesidelinesinBonn.

GeorgeW.Bushhasyettodecidewhat,ifanything,hewilldotocombatglobalwarming.ButhebelievestheKyototreatyisfatallyflawedbecauseitdoesn’trequiredevelopingcountriestolimittheirfossil-fueluseimmediately,asitdoesindustrializedcountries.SohekepttheU.S.outofthediscussions.Indoingso,theAdministrationmayhavelostitslastopportunitytohelpshapetheinternationalresponsetotheproblem.AndBushmaybeindangeroflosingcontroloverclimateactiondomestically.Aftermonthsofinternaldebate,theAdministrationisstill“consulting”ontheissue.

ThatnoiseyouhearisCongressrushingtofilltheleadershipvacuum.Atleastsixclimateplanshavebeenproposedsofar.ThefirstissponsoredbyformerRepublican,nowIndependentStatorJimJeffords,chairmanoftheSenateEnvironmentCommittee,whoproposestocutgreenhouse-gasemissionsfrompowerplants.Congressionalactionthisweekwillcenteronreducingemissionsbyraisingvehiclefuel-efficiencystandards,includingthoseforSUVs.IfSUVshadtomeetthesamestandardsascars—somethingMassachusettsRepresentativeEdMarkeywillproposethisweek—theycouldsaveconsumersanestimated$7billionatthepumpthisyearandcutgasolinedemandbytensofbillionsofgallonsover10years.

The“drillDetroit,nottheArctic”campaignwillfindsomesupportthisweekwhentheNationalAcademyofSciencesreleasesalong-awaitedstudy.Thereport,toneddownaftertheautoindustryprotestedthatraisingfuel-efficiencystandards,bymakingcarslighter,makesvehicleslesssafe,isstilllikelytoconcludethatfuelefficiencycanbeincreasedatleast25percentwithexistingtechnology.

Ifafuel-efficiencybillreacheshisdesk,Bushcouldbeinabind—caughtbetweenautolobbyists(hischiefofstaffusedtobeone)andhisconcernforenergysecurity.Withnewtechnologyputtingimpressivefuelefficiencywithinreach,itwillbehardforhimtoopposemeasuresthatcouldreducethenationalappetiteforforeignoilbymillionsofbarrelsayear.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby（）.

2.Thephrase“satonthesidelines”inthelastsentenceofparagraphoneprobablymeans（）.

3.ThereasonthatBushkeptUSoutofthediscussionsisthathebelieves（）.

4.TheNationalAcademyofSciencesfoundinthestudythat（）.

5.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

問題1選項

A.explainingaphenomenon

B.makingacomparison

C.justifyingasanassumption

D.posingacontrast

問題2選項

A.nottogetinvolvedinthediscussion

B.nottotakepartintheactivityeventhoughtheyshoulddo

C.nottosittogetherwiththerepresentativesfromothercountries

D.nottopayattentiontotheinternationalaffair

問題3選項

A.theindustrializedcountriesshouldnotshouldertheresponsibilityalone

B.theindustrializedcountriesseemtosharemoreintacklingthisissue

C.developingcountriesfailtomeetthesamerequirement

D.thedevelopingcountriesshouldnotbeincluded

問題4選項

A.theautoindustryshouldnotraisethefuelefficiencystandards

B.thelighterthecaris,thelesssafeitwillbe

C.theexistingtechnologycanincreasethefuelefficiency

D.thelightercarisnotsafeenough

問題5選項

A.newtechnologycanhelpBushoutoftrouble

B.Bushintendstostirthenationalappetiteforforeignoil

C.Bushfailstodealwiththesubtlesituation

D.autolobbyistshavedifferentideasfromBush

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Duringtheconcludingremarks,aseachspeakerpraisedthenext,onlythechiefUSofficialonthescenedrewanundiplomaticresponse.”中文翻譯為：在致閉幕詞的時候，當與會的每一位發(fā)言人都對此表示稱贊時，唯獨美國官方代表做出了毫無外交策略的回應?？梢缘弥狣選項“提出對比”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】詞匯題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“WhenPaulaDobrianskytoldthegatheringthattheBushAdministration‘willnotabdicateourresponsibility’toaddressglobalwarming,thehallfilledwithboos.”中文翻譯為：當葆拉?多布林斯基向大會宣布布什政府‘不會放棄自己的責任’去處理全球變暖這一問題時，全場報以唏噓聲，可以推測出詞組“sitonthesidelines”可譯為“冷眼旁觀”。因此可知B選項“盡管應該參加，但是他們卻沒有參加這個活動”為正確答案。

3.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段“ButhebelievestheKyototreatyisfatallyflawedbecauseitdoesn’trequiredevelopingcountriestolimittheirfossil-fueluseimmediately,asitdoesindustrializedcountries.SohekepttheU.S.outofthediscussions.”中文翻譯為：但是，他認為京都協(xié)定有致命的缺陷，因為它沒有要求發(fā)展中國家如同發(fā)達國家那樣，去立刻限制礦物燃料的使用。因此，他讓美國沒有參與討論?？梢缘弥狝選項“發(fā)達國家不應該獨自承擔這種責任”符合題意。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段中“Thereport...isstilllikelytoconcludethatfuelefficiencycanbeincreasedatleast25percentwithexistingtechnology…”中文翻譯為：這項報告……仍可能得出這樣的結論，即燃油效率憑借現(xiàn)存的科技至少可以被提高25%。故選C“現(xiàn)存的科技可以提高燃油效率”。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章尾段“Withnewtechnologyputtingimpressivefuelefficiencywithinreach,itwillbehardforhimtoopposemeasuresthatcouldreducethenationalappetiteforforeignoilbymillionsofbarrelsayear.”中文翻譯為：隨著新科技能帶來非常不錯的燃油效率，反對能減少國人每年對數(shù)百萬桶國外石油興趣的措施對他將是困難的，判斷出答案為B項“布什打算激起國人對國外石油的興趣”。

11.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Scholars,writersandteachersinthemodernacademiccommunityhavestrongfeelingsaboutacknowledgingtheuseofanotherperson’sideas.IntheEnglish-speakingworld,thetermplagiarismisusedtolabelthepracticeofnotgivingcreditforthesourceofone’sideas.Simplystated,plagiarismis“thewrongfulappropriationandpublicationasone’sownoftheideas,ortheexpressionofideasofanother.”

Thepenaltiesforplagiarismvaryfromsituationtosituation.Inmanyuniversities,thepunishmentmayrangefromfailureinaparticularcoursetoexpulsionfromtheuniversity.(46)Intheliteraryworld,wherewritersareprotectedfromplagiarismbyinternationalcopyrightlaws,thepenaltymayrangefromasmallfinetoimprisonmentandaruinedcareer.Protectionofscholarsandwriters,throughthecopyrightlawsandthroughthesocialpressuresoftheacademicandliterarycommunities,isarelativelyrecentconcept.

(47)Students,asinexperiencedscholarsthemselves,mustavoidvarioustypesofplagiarismbybeingself-criticalintheiruseofotherscholars’ideasandbygivingappropriatecreditforthesourceofborrowedideasandwords,otherwisedireconsequencesmayoccur.Thereareatleastthreeclassificationsofplagiarismasitisrevealedinstudents’inexactnessinidentifyingsourcesproperly.Theyareplagiarismbyaccident,byignorance,andbyintention.

Plagiarismbyaccident,oroversight,sometimesistheresultofthewriter’sinabilitytodecideorrememberwheretheideacamefrom.Hemayhavereaditlongago,hearditinalecturesinceforgotten,oracquireditsecond-handorthird-handfromdiscussionswithcolleagues.(48)Althoughthistypeofplagiarismmustbeguardedagainstitistheleastseriousand,iflessonslearned,canbeexemptfrombeingseverelypunished.

Plagiarismthroughignoranceissimplyawayofsayingthatinexperiencedwritersoftendonotknowhoworwhentoacknowledgetheirsources.Thetechniquesfordocumentation—note-taking,quoting,footnoting,listingbibliography—areeasilylearnedandcanpreventthewriterfrommakingunknowingmistakesoromissionsinhisreferences.(49)Although“thereisnocopyrightinnews,orinideas,onlyintheexpressionofthem.”thewritercannotpleadignorancewhenhissourcesforideasarechallenged.

Themostseriouskindofacademicthieveryisplagiarismbyintention.Thewrite,limitedbyhislazinessanddullness,copiesthethoughtsandlanguageofothersandclaimsthemforhisown.Henotonlysteals,hetriestodeceivethereaderintobelievingtheideasareoriginal.Suchwordsasimmoral,dishonest,offensive,anddespicableareusedtodescribethepracticeofplagiarismbyintention.

Theoppositeofplagiarismisacknowledgement.Allmatureandtrustworthywritersmakeuseoftheideasofothersbuttheyarecarefultoacknowledgetheirindebtednesstotheirsources.(50)Students,asdevelopingscholars,writers,teachers,andprofessionalleaders,shouldrecognizeandassumetheirresponsibilitytodocumentallsourcesfromwhichlanguageandthoughtsareborrowed.Othermembersoftheprofessionwillnotonlyrespectthescholarship,theywilladmirethehumilityandhonesty.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.在文學界，作者受到國際版權法的保護，免受剽竊，處罰范圍從小額罰款到監(jiān)禁和毀掉職業(yè)生涯不等。

47.作為沒有經驗的學者，學生必須避免各種類型的剽竊和抄襲，在使用其他學者的想法時要自我批評，對借用的思想和詞語的來源給予適當?shù)馁潛P，否則會發(fā)生可怕的后果。

48.盡管這類剽竊必須加以防范，但它是最不嚴重的，如果吸取了教訓，可以免于受到嚴厲的懲罰。

49.盡管“新聞和思想沒有版權，只有它們的表達方式”，但當作者的思想來源受到質疑時，他不能以無知為借口。

50.作為發(fā)展中的學者、作家、教師和職業(yè)領袖，學生應該意識到并承擔自己的責任，記錄所有引用的語言和思想的來源。

12.單選題

AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethey'llsay,"Success."ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericanssinceEuropeansdiscovereda"newworld"intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:in"LettersfromanAmericanFanner"(1782)hewrote:"Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(無拘無束的)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimselfWehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil(干苦力活)，starve,andbleed:Wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld."Thepromiseofalandwhere"therewardsofaman'sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor"drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.

OurnationalmythologyisfullofillustrationoftheAmericansuccessstory.There'sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican'sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillionseveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,",and"dressingforsuccess."Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit'sasimportanttobe"successful"inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.

Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto"makeit"alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe"right"neighborhoods,wearthe"right"clothes,eatthe"right"foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.

1.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?

2.Bysaying"therewardsofaman'sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor"(Line10-11,Para.1),theauthormeans（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat（

）.

4.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項

A.Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.

B.Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.

C.Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.

D.Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.

問題2選項

A.themorediligentoneis,thebiggerhisreturns

B.laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustry

C.aman'sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystep

D.acompany'ssuccessdependsonitsemployees'hardwork

問題3選項

A.businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriage

B.Americanswishtosucceedineveryaspectoflife

C.goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccess

D.successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildren

問題4選項

A.TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.

B.Statussymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson'swealth.

C.TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.

D.WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一段中的EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.像HectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeur這樣的早期移民高度贊揚了在這片新土地上發(fā)現(xiàn)的自由和機會。以及Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(無拘無束的)andunrestrained…我們對于這種行業(yè)的無拘無束的和不受限制的精神感到興奮?？芍绹鴫舻暮诵木窬褪亲杂伞４鸢窪

第2題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)“becauseeachpersonworksforhimself因為每個人都為自己工作?！币约癟hepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.在這片土地上，“一個人辛勤勞動的回報與他勞動的增長成正比”的承諾吸引了來自歐洲的貧困移民，并推動了國家向西部地區(qū)的擴張?！笨芍總€人都為自己打工，越勤勞，賺得就越多。故答案A

第3題:推理判斷題。定位到第二段最后一句todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.今天，在婚姻或家庭中取得成功和在事業(yè)上取得成功一樣重要?？芍绹苏J為在婚姻或親子關系上的成功與商業(yè)成功同樣重要。故B項“美國人希望在生活的每個方面都取得成功”正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。由第三段最后一句“Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens這些區(qū)別的象征向我們和其他人保證，我們堅信所有人的基本平等，但我們仍盡最大努力將自己與我們的同胞區(qū)分開來?！笨芍绹鴫舻拿苤幵谟诿绹嘈湃巳似降?，但又在盡力將自己與別人區(qū)分開來。故D項正確。

13.寫作題

Forthispartyouarerequiredtowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsaccordingtothefollowingtopic.PleasewriteyourcompositionclearlyontheAnswerSheetprovided.

TOPIC:

InChina,manycompanies,organizations,evenuniversities,refusetoemployfemaleschoolgraduates.Duringeconomicrecession,femaleemployeesarefrequentlythefirsttobelaidoff.Isitfair?Pleasewriteanessaytoexplainyourposition.Pleaseuseadequatematerialtosupportyourposition.

【答案】UnfairtoWoman14.單選題

YoucommentthatIseemrelaxedtoday.Areyou______thatI’musuallyuptight?

問題1選項

A.pondering

B.intimating

C.indigenous

D.intimidating

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項pondering為ponder的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“沉思，默想”，B項intimating為intimate的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“暗示，通知”，C項indigenous“本土的，國產的”，D項intimidating為intimidate的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“恐嚇，威脅”。前面的句子意思是“你說我今天看起來很放松”，后面提到了uptight（緊張），這與前面相反，可以推測空格處表示“暗示”，B項符合。句意：你說我今天看起來很放松。你是在暗示我平常看起來都是緊張的嗎？因此，該題選擇B項。

15.單選題

Thesupplyofelectricpowertothecityanditsneighboringdistrictshashadtobe______.

問題1選項

A.weakened

B.minimized

C.restricted

D.slowed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項weaken“減少，使變弱”，B項minimize“使減到最少，小看”，C項restrict“限制，約束”，D項slow“變慢，阻礙”。根據(jù)關鍵詞Thesupplyofelectricpower“電力供應”可知，空格部分表示“限制”更符合語境。句意：這個城市及其鄰近地區(qū)的電力供應不得不受到限制。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

16.填空題

Chongqing（1）tobepartofSichuan,butitwas（2）fromtheprovincein1997andmade（3）self-governingmunicipality.Thenewpoliticalunithasapopulation（4）about33millionpeople,butonly7.5millionofthemliveintheurbanarea.The（5）ofthemliveinthenearbydistrictsthatarepartofthemunicipality.

【答案】1.used

2.separated

3.a

4.of

5.rest

【解析】1.固定搭配。usedtobe曾經是。

2.固定搭配。beseparatedfrom與……分離

3.語法分析。此處填不定冠詞a,表示“一個”。

4.語義題。Hasapopulationof后面接具體人數(shù)表示“有…人”。

5.語義題。Rest其余的。

17.單選題

Becausetheywereunawareofhisinterestsinthebuilding,theydidnotunderstandwhyhe

AB

feltsobad.

CD

問題1選項

A.unawareof

B.interests

C.felt

D.sobad

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞單復數(shù)。interest意為“興趣”時，為不可數(shù)名詞。

試題答案：B;interestin

18.單選題

Peoplelikebeingtrusted.Theyareannoyed,angry,orfeelhurtiftheyareregardedwith（1）.Theythinkthattheyare（2）aninjustice.Theylikebeingtrustedfortworeasons:(l)Itisatributetotheirhonesty,truth,strength,（3），kindnessandgoodcharacter;(2)Theyfinditeasiertocheatothers.Thesetwo（4）Suggestwhatourattitudetowardstrustin（5）shouldbe.Itisnotasimpleattitude.Wemustkeepabalancebetweentwo（6）oversuspiciousnessandinfantilenaivety.

Aparalleltoourtrustinpeoplecouldbeourtrustinnatural（7）.Howevercarefulweare,wecannotguarantee（8）safetyforourselvesinthephysicalworld,yetweactas（9）wecantrustanorderedseriesofphysicalevents.Wetakethebustoworkinthemorning（10）thatwewillarrivesafelyatourofficeorschool.Wehaveno（11）thatwewill.Thebuscouldbe（12）inanaccident.

Ifwewereto（13）everyaccidentthatmighthappentouswewouldneverdoanything.

Wewouldjustremainsittingathome.Eventhenwecouldneverbeabsolutely（14）thattheceilingwouldnotcollapseonus.（15）wearetodoanythingatall,wemusttakerisks.Ofcoursewetrytoreduceriskstoa（16）。

Similarlywithregardtopeople,trustingtheminvolvestakingtherisksofbeing（17）.Nottrustingthemplacesusoutsidetheareaofcommunityactivity,（18）trustisanessentialbondincommunityliving.Inacompetitive,materialisticworlditwouldbe（19）totrusteveryoneineverything.However,weshouldwidentheareaoftrustasfaraspossible.Wecannoteliminateallrisksinsuchtrust（20）weshouldlessenthemasfaraspossiblebyrelianceonintelligenceandexperienceworthourownandthoseofadultswhosereliabilityhasbeenproven.

問題1選項

A.superstition

B.supervision

C.suspicion

D.s