考研考博-英語-南京藝術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京藝術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter______inthesameoffice.

問題1選項

A.hadnotworked

B.nottowork

C.doesnotwork

D.didnotwork

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：經理寧愿他的女兒不和他在同一個辦公室工作。wouldrather后接句子時，句子謂語通常用虛擬語氣，用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或將來的愿望，用過去完成時表示過去的愿望。在這里沒有明確表明和女兒在同一個辦公室工作的事情已經發(fā)生，而是表示將來，希望這樣的事情不會發(fā)生，所以從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，D選項didnotwork符合題意。A選項hadnotworked是過去完成時，用于已經發(fā)生的事情。B選項nottowork和C選項doesnotwork語法錯誤。因此D選項正確。

2.單選題

Pleaserefrain（）smoking.

問題1選項

A.from

B.of

C.at

D.against

【答案】A

【解析】短語辨析。句意：請勿吸煙。Refrain和from搭配為固定短語，意為“制止，克制不做某事”，因此正確答案是A選項。

3.單選題

Theideathathardworkwastobe______distinguishedAmericansfromEuropeanswhoadmiredtheirgentlemenofleisure.

問題1選項

A.inversed

B.esteemed

C.exclaimed

D.hoarded

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項inverse“使倒轉，使顛倒”，B項esteem“尊敬，尊重”，C項exclaim“呼喊，驚叫，大聲叫嚷”，D項hoard“貯藏（錢財或貴重物品），（在某物匱乏時）積斂”。由Europeanswhoadmiredtheirgentlemenofleisure“歐洲人羨慕美國悠閑的紳士”可推理，美國人悠閑，而歐洲人重視努力工作。句意：努力工作是受人尊敬的觀念使美國人和歐洲人區(qū)別開來，歐洲人羨慕他們悠閑的紳士。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

4.單選題

“TheGooglebrandhastakenonalifeofitsown,”concedesJimLanzone,thebossofA,thefourth-largestbutfastest-growingsearchengine,andthissimultaneouslyfrustratesanddelightshim.Itfrustrateshimbemusepeoplesaythey“Google”thingsevenwhentheygotoAskorotherenginestosearchtheweb;bemuseGoogleisconsidered,fornogoodreason(inhisopinion),“thesafechoiceunderpressure”;andbemusemanypeople“don’tseemtowantchoice”andsticktoGoogleoutofmereinertia.

Butitdelightshim,becauseGoogle,havingmademanyenemies,mustnowfightmanybattles;andbecauseGoogle,perhapsoutofhubris,appearstobegettingdistracted.Thismonth,forinstance,Googleunveiledafreeonlinespreadsheetprogram,which,likemanyGoogleproducts,haslittletodowithwebsearchandismeanttoneedleMicrosoft,theworld’slargestsoftwarecompany,whichhasanear-monopolyonspreadsheetsthroughExcel.Google,inotherwords,hasimpressivemomentum,saysMr.Lanzone,butagoodmartial-artistcanusehisopponent’smomentumtoovercomehim,so“we’reusingsearchaikido”.

Yahoo!,thelargestinternetportalwithabout400musers(ofitse-mail,instant-messaging,musicandotherproducts),hascomeupwithastrategytodifferentiateitsownsearchengine.Yahoo!hasbeenatthisgameforonlytwoyears,butnowhashundredsofengineersworkingonit.Incontrasttothequasi-religiousfaiththatGoogleplacesinitsmathematicalalgorithms,saysEckartWalther,oneofYahoo!’ssearchbosses,Yahoo!is“aboutcombiningthebestofpeoplewiththebestoftechnology”.

Askistakingadifferenttack.IthascomeupwithExpertRank,analgorithmthatalsorankswebpagesbyincominglinksandlinksbytheme.Soinsteadofusingawebpage’soverallpopularitytocalculateitsranking,itfindsthepagesthataremostpopularamongexpertsonaparticularsubject,amethodthatoftenreturnsbetterresultsthanGoogle’s.Askalsousesthesethematicclusterstosuggestthebestwaystonarroworexpandasearch,afeaturecalled“zoom”thatisverypopular.ChrisShermanofSearchEngineWatchthinksthatAskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages.

AsforMicrosoft,ithasidentifiedGoogleasamortalthreattoitsbusinessandhaslaunchedanall-outefforttocatchupinonlineservicesingeneral,andinsearchinparticular.Lastwinter,ittriedtobuyitselfmarketsharebynegotiatingwithAOLforamerger—oratleastanagreementunderwhichAOLwouldswitchfromGoogle’ssearchtechnologytoMSN’s;butGooglepre-emptedMicrosoftanditselftookadefensivestakeinAOL.Microsofthasalsohiredformerrivalswhoarewellrespectedintheindustry.

1.Whatisthecentralideaofthispassage?

2.WhatisthepotentialcrisisforGoogleaccordingtoJimLanzone?

3.Whatisthepossiblemeaningof“aikido”inParagraph2?

4.WhichofthestatementisNOTtrueaboutExpertRank?

5.WhichisthereactiontakentocopewithGoogle’schallenge?

問題1選項

A.Googlemanagestoseizemoremarketshareinsoftwarebusiness.

B.Google’sgrowththreatenscompanieslikeMicrosofttoalargeextent.

C.Googledominatestheon-linesearchmarket.

D.Googleisconfrontedwithstiffcompetition.

問題2選項

A.Itsrivalsaretryingtoformalliance.

B.Googleextendsintovariousfields.

C.Googleoverestimatesitstechnique.

D.Google’snewon-lineprogramattractsmoreusers.

問題3選項

A.Observingthepowercontrastbetweenthetwosides.

B.Temporarycompromisinginattempttolaunchaviolentfight-back.

C.Defendingoneselfbymakinguseoftherival’sstrength.

D.Attackingtheobviousweaknessoftheopponent.

問題4選項

A.Rankingisseldomcountedbythepage’spopularity.

B.Relevantinformationcanbeeffectivelyandefficientlysought.

C.Itsearchesinformationprevailinginexpertsonparticulartopics.

D.ItevenoutdoesGoogle.

問題5選項

A.Developingspreadsheetswithbetterfunctions.

B.Theadditionofhumanisticconsiderationtoarithmeticrules.

C.Linkingpagesbythemes.

D.CombingtherivalsofGoogle.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出谷歌在搜索引擎業(yè)務的用戶有轉向使用其他搜索引擎的意愿，第二段提出谷歌擴展業(yè)務遇到強勁對手，接下來三段都在講谷歌的競爭對手具體采取的措施和谷歌競爭，D選項“谷歌面臨激烈競爭”正確。A選項“谷歌設法在軟件業(yè)務中奪取更多的市場份額”，B選項“谷歌的增長在很大程度上威脅到了微軟這樣的公司”和C選項“谷歌主導了在線搜索市場”：是文章的部分內容，不足以概括全文。因此D選項正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義推測題。文章在第一段提出許多人因為慣性而用谷歌，第二段第一句提出Butitdelightshim,becauseGoogle,havingmademanyenemies,mustnowfightmanybattles;andbecauseGoogle,perhapsoutofhubris,appearstobegettingdistracted.（但他很高興，因為他已經樹敵無數(shù)，現(xiàn)在必須打許多仗；因為谷歌，也許是狂妄自大，似乎分心了。），第二段第二句提出Thismonth,forinstance,Googleunveiledafreeonlinespreadsheetprogram（例如，本月谷歌推出了一款免費的在線電子表格程序），列舉了谷歌在其他領域的業(yè)務，可知這里表示的是谷歌的業(yè)務擴展到各個領域，一方面對外有很多競爭者，一方面對內可能精力不足，B選項“谷歌擴展到各個領域”正確。A選項“其對手正試圖結成聯(lián)盟”，C選項“谷歌高估了它的技術”和D選項“谷歌新的在線節(jié)目吸引了更多的用戶”：文中沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。aikido的意思是“合氣道（以擒、摔為主的一種日本武術）”。根據(jù)第二段最后一句agoodmartial-artistcanusehisopponent’smomentumtoovercomehim,so“we’reusingsearchaikido”（一個好的武術家可以利用他的對手的勢頭來戰(zhàn)勝他，所以“我們使用搜索合氣道”），所以在這里合氣道的意思是利用對手的攻勢來反攻對方，C選項“利用對手的力量保護自己”正確。A選項“觀察雙方的力量對比”，B選項“為了發(fā)動暴力反擊而做出的暫時妥協(xié)”和D選項“攻擊對手的明顯弱點”：不符合題意。因此C選項正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三句Soinsteadofusingawebpage’soverallpopularitytocalculateitsranking,itfindsthepagesthataremostpopularamongexpertsonaparticularsubject,amethodthatoftenreturnsbetterresultsthanGoogle’s.（因此，它不是按照網頁總瀏覽量來計算排序，而是通過專家對某個題目的關注程度排序，這種方法得到的結果往往比谷歌更好。），可知完全不以網頁的受歡迎程度計算排名，A選項“排序很少以頁面的受歡迎程度來計算”不符合文章內容，故正確；C選項“它搜索專家對特定主題的常關注的信息”和D選項“它甚至超過谷歌”符合文章內容。根據(jù)第四段最后一句AskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages（在一般的網絡搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一樣好，但在搜索在線地圖和圖像方面要比Genie好），可知B選項“能夠有效和高效地尋找相關信息”符合文章內容。因此A選項正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句ChrisShermanofSearchEngineWatchthinksthatAskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages.（SearchEngineWatch的克里斯?謝爾曼認為，在一般的網絡搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一樣好，但在搜索在線地圖和圖像方面要比Genie好。）和第五段第二句Lastwinter,ittriedtobuyitselfmarketsharebynegotiatingwithAOLforamerger—oratleastanagreementunderwhichAOLwouldswitchfromGoogle’ssearchtechnologytoMSN’s（去年冬天，它試圖通過與AOL的談判來購買自己的市場份額——或者至少達成一項協(xié)議，讓AOL從谷歌的搜索技術轉向MSN的搜索技術），可知各個公司在關注谷歌競爭對手的產品質量以及和其他公司聯(lián)合，D選項“觀察聯(lián)合谷歌的競爭對手”正確。A選項“開發(fā)功能更好的電子表格”：不是任何一個公司的舉措。B選項“算術規(guī)則中增加了對于人文的考慮”：根據(jù)第三段最后一句Yahoo!is“aboutcombiningthebestofpeoplewiththebestoftechnology”（雅虎是“將最優(yōu)秀的人與最優(yōu)秀的技術結合起來”），可知這是雅虎的措施。C選項“通過主題鏈接頁面”：根據(jù)第四段第二句IthascomeupwithExpertRank,analgorithmthatalsorankswebpagesbyincominglinksandlinksbytheme.（Ask推出了“專家排名”算法，該算法還可以根據(jù)傳入鏈接和主題對網頁進行排名。），可知這是Ask的措施。因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Ifyouneedanextrabedforyourguest,youcanuse（）

問題1選項

A.oneofours

B.oneofus

C.oneofour

D.oneofour's

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞所有格。句意：假如你需要一張多的床給你的客人,

你可以使用我們的。這里的ours是名詞性物主代詞,

指代“床”,

表達為ours,

選項D表達錯誤,

所以本題選A。

6.單選題

Thisnewtypeofplanthasaan（

）,bulb-shapedstem,thoughnotverydelicious.

問題1選項

A.oval

B.edible

C.reliable

D.available

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項oval“橢圓的”；B選項edible“可食用的”；C選項reliable“可靠的”；D選項available“可獲得的”。句意：這種新型的植物有一個可食用的，球狀的莖，雖然不是很美味。根據(jù)句子的后半部分可知，選項B符合語境。

7.翻譯題

中國有許多不同的宗教，如外來的佛教、基督教和伊斯蘭教，以及本土的道教。寺廟是中國人為尊重佛教，對佛教建筑的新稱呼。它是我國悠久歷史文化的象征，也是寶貴的藝術珍品。寺廟文化完整地保存了我國各個朝代的歷史文物，也滲透到國民生活的各個方面。各地一年一度的廟會不僅豐富了文化氛圍，也同時促進了地方旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。

【答案】TherearemanydifferentreligionsinChina,suchasforeignBuddhism,Christianity,IslamandnativeTaoism.“Temple”，anewnameforBuddhistarchitecture,embodiesChinesepeople’srespectforBuddhism.ItisasymboloflonghistoryandcultureinChinaandalsopreciousarttreasures.ThetempleculturehascompletelypreservedthehistoricalrelicsofvariousdynastiesinChina,andhaspenetratedintoallaspectsofnationallife.TheannualtemplefairsinallpartsofChinanotonlyenrichtheculturalatmosphere,butalsopromotethedevelopmentoflocaltourism.

8.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.(10%)

愛燈不僅是為了驅除黑暗，不只是由于光的照明作用，還在于觀看燈下的繽紛人生。

七十年代初，我流放的小山村尚未建立發(fā)電站，入夜只能生活在黑暗里?；纳胶?，為節(jié)省燈油的山民們很早入眠，唯獨我們這一戶外來的人家還亮著小油燈。

山居生活寂寞單調，冬夜僵冷的黑暗也更是難堪。從小鎮(zhèn)買來帶有玻璃罩的油燈光芒是微弱的。為了獲得更多的光亮，我試用廢棄的瓶瓶罐罐制作了許多形態(tài)不一的小油燈。

每盞小油燈都綻開一朵火花，奉獻小小的光亮。微弱的光也能劃破黑暗，對沉沉的黑夜是一種無言的反抗。即使熄滅了，它也燃燒過。何況還能再一次點燃，繼續(xù)以它怯弱而又勇敢的火光向黑夜挑戰(zhàn)。我滿心喜悅地觀賞著我自己手下誕生的一點光明。在長夜漫漫的動亂歲月里，它燃起了我精神上的火焰。

【答案】【參考譯文】

Lifeinthemountainvillagewasboringandalwaysmadeonefeellonely,andthecoldwinternightwasevenharder.Theglass-tubeoillampboughtinthetowngaveoutonlyveryfeeblelight.Inordertogetmorelight,Itriedandmademanylittleoillampsofvariousshapeswithallkindsofusedbottlesandpots.

Everylittleoillampgaveoutalittlefire,givingoutalittlelight.Thefeeblelightcouldaswellshinethroughthedarkness,asilentprotestagainstthedarknight.Eventhoughtheywouldfinallyburnout,theyatleasthadlitandcouldbelitagainanddefythedarknightwiththeirfeeblebutbravefirelight.Iwasfilledwithhappinesswatchingthetinylightofmyowncreation.Itwastheselightsthatlitupthefireofmyspiritduringthoselonganddarkdaysofpoliticalturmoil.

9.單選題

Ineducation,thereshouldbeagood（）amongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.

問題1選項

A.balance

B.distribution

C.combination

D.spread

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項balance“平衡”；B選項distribution“分布，分配”；C選項combination“結合，組合”；D選項spread“傳播，伸展”。句意：在教育中，幫助養(yǎng)成有效思考與明智判斷的學科之間應該有一個很好的_____。而根據(jù)句中“學科之間”這一關鍵詞，可以判斷出應該是在強調要一個“好的平衡”，因此A選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Theuniversity（）anhonorarydoctor'sdegreeonthedistinguishedscholarwhowasgenerallyregardedasacredittohisowncountry.

問題1選項

A.donated

B.conferred

C.subscribed

D.granted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:donate“捐贈”；B:confer“經批準授予（學位、稱號等）”；C:subscribe“訂閱”；D:grant“上級對下級的賜予或答應給什么”。句意：大學授予了這位被視為國家榮譽的卓越學者榮譽博士學位。根據(jù)句意可知B為正確答案。

11.單選題

Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite（）andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.

問題1選項

A.snatchup

B.catchon

C.summonup

D.watchout

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查固定詞組的含義,四個選項中,snatchup奪取,搶奪;catchon理解,多用于口語中；summonup振作,鼓起;watchout保持警覺,小心。句意：約翰說他不是很理解,讓我再重復一遍說過的話。因此,本題選B。

12.單選題

Bynowhehasreachedthe（

）ofhisambition.

問題1選項

A.superiority

B.resolution

C.summit

D.procedure

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項superiority“優(yōu)越”；B選項resolution“分辨率，決心”；C選項summit“頂點”；D選項procedure“程序，步驟”。句意：到目前為止，他已經達到了他抱負的頂峰。選項C符合句意。

13.單選題

（

）,theywouldbehappy.

問題1選項

A.Iftheywillgetmarried

B.Havetheygotmarried

C.Weretheytogetmarried

D.Theygetmarried

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣的倒裝。句意：（），他們將會開心。選D選項會導致兩個句子中間沒有連詞連接造成語法錯誤。選A選項就是看作if引導的真實條件句，但是兩邊句子的時態(tài)不一致，所以也不選。虛擬條件句中含有were，had，would等動詞時，可以將if省略，然后將were，had，would等詞移至句首。根據(jù)后面主句的時態(tài)，這是對現(xiàn)在或者將來的假設，所以B選項不選，這是對過去的假設；所以答案選C。

14.單選題

16-20

問題1選項

A.Abloodtest.

B.Agastroscopy(胃鏡檢查法).

C.AchestX-rayexam.

D.AbariumX-rayexam.

問題2選項

A.Tolosesomeweight.

B.Totakeafewmoretests.

C.Tosleeponthreepillows.

D.Toeatsmaller，lightermeals.

問題3選項

A.Potatochips.

B.chicken.

C.Cereal.

D.fish.

問題4選項

A.Ulcer.

B.Cancer.

C.Depression.

D.Hernia.

問題5選項

A.Hewilltrythedietthedoctorrecommended.

B.Hewillaskforasickleaveandrelaxathome.

C.Hewilltakethemedicinethedoctorprescribed.

D.Hewilltakeafewmoreteststoruleoutcancer.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】W:Well,(16)yourbariummealdidnotshowanulcer.Butitdidshowthatyouhavesomethingwecallahiatushernia(食管裂孔疝).Doyouknowwhatthatis?

M:Ithinkmygrandmotherhadone.ButIhaven’tmuchofaclue,really.

W:NowI’mgoingtoexplainhowwecantrytogetridofyourstomachandheartburnproblems.Ithinkitwouldhelpifyouwereabletoloseabitofweight.You’llbelesslikelytogetthepainifyoucaneatsmaller,lightermealsregularly.Standinguprightaftereatingforawhilehelpssothatyourstomachislesslikelytocomeuptoyourgulletthenwhenyoulieflat.Lastly,I’mgoingtogiveyousometabletsthatwillstopyourstomachfromproducingacid.Perhapsyoucouldtellmewhatyoufeelaboutit?

M:Well,Iworrythatitmightbedifficulttoeatthemealsyousuggest,becauseI’malorrydriverandhavetobeontheroadmostoftheday.AndI’mnotsureifIwanttotakethosetables.

W:Yes,IunderstandyoumighthavesomeproblemswiththedietI’msuggesting,especiallyasroadsidecafesusuallysellmealswithgreasyfood.However,(18)perhapsyoucouldkeeptofishandchicken,andavoidchipsandfriedeggs.Yousayyou’renotkeenontakingtablets,whynot?

M:Afriendofminehadthem,andthengotworse.And6weekslatertheyfoundhehadstomachcancer.

W:Isee...soyouwereworriedabouthavingcancer?

M:Well,Iwasabit.IsupposeifmyX-rayonlyshowedahernia,Imustbeclear.(17)Butarethereothertestyoucandotoabsolutelysure?

W:Yes,thereare.(17)ButIdon’tthinkit’snecessarytodothematpresent.We’llwanttoseehowyougetonoverthenextfewweekswithachangeofdiet.WhataboutthetabletsIsuggested?Idon’tthinkit’spossiblethattheycausedyourfriend’scancer.

M:(20)IthinkI’drathertrychangingmydietfirstofall.Then,takingthemedicineyouprescribedformelasttime.

W:Let’strythatforthenext4weeks.Then,I’llseeyouagain.

16.Whatmedicalprocedurehasthemanundergone?

【解析】對話開頭就提到他做了bariummeal“鋇餐檢查”，檢查未顯示他有潰瘍。

17.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamongthedoctor’ssuggestionstotheman?

【解析】解析對話中，男士問醫(yī)生是否還需要做其他檢查以確診，醫(yī)生說不用。故選B。

18.Accordingtothedoctor’sadvice,whichofthefollowingfoodsshouldthemanavoid?

【解析】醫(yī)生建議男士要注意飲食，可以繼續(xù)食用雞肉和魚肉，但不要吃薯條和煎蛋。故選A。

19.Whatisthedoctor’sdiagnosisoftheman?

【解析】對話開頭醫(yī)生就說通過鋇餐檢查,未顯示潰瘍,但確實是hiatushernia“食管裂孔疝”。

20.Whatwillthemandoforthenext4weeks?

【解析】對話最后，男土說他愿意首先嘗試調整飲食,然后服用上次醫(yī)生給開的藥。注意這里男士提到的是服用上次醫(yī)生給開的藥，所以C項錯誤。故選A。

15.單選題

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas“government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as（usually）Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds―parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue（不斷積累）tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry（公民）.Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney（includinglostwages）,isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits-astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

2.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

3.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylaws-governingchildren'swelfare?

5.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

問題1選項

A.ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

B.IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D.Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

問題2選項

A.TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

C.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

問題3選項

A.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

B.ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.

C.TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D.Childrenneedcontinuouscare.

問題4選項

A.Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth

B.Theyfailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents

C.Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.

D.Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.

問題5選項

A.Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.

B.Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C.Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D.Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.去年春天，其中之一的澳大利亞放棄了這一可疑的區(qū)別，從2011年開始實行帶薪產假。我一點也不驚訝，這并沒有成為美國的新聞——我們現(xiàn)在是唯一一個沒有這樣的政策的富裕國家?！睋?jù)此可知美國仍然沒有實行帶薪產假。故D項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Infact,everystepoftheway,as（usually）Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.事實上，當（通常）民主黨領導人試圖在法律中引入工作與家庭平衡的措施時，每一步都遭到了商業(yè)團體的強烈反對。”據(jù)此可知B項“遭到商業(yè)界的反對”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.正如耶魯大學法學教授安妮?奧爾斯托特（AnneAlstott）所指出的那樣，要證明父母支持子女的合理性，就必須將家庭定義為一種社會有利的單位，在某種意義上，社會必須為此買單。可知Anne教授認為社會應該支持parentalsupport，因為家庭是對社會有利的單位，孩子良好的教養(yǎng)對社會有利。故A項正確。B項“在美國，養(yǎng)育孩子的成本一直在增長?！焙虲項“美國應該趕上其他發(fā)達國家。”以及D項“孩子們需要持續(xù)的照顧”與Anne的觀點無關。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由第四段“Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.國家在管理兒童福利的大量家庭法律中認識到這一點，但在履行社會強加的改變人生的義務方面，父母幾乎得不到幫助?！睋?jù)此可知父母真正得到的來自該法律的幫助很少。故B項正確。

5.判斷推理題。由第四段“Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccruetothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry.把養(yǎng)育子女歸為沒有集體責任的個人選擇，不僅是忽視了良好養(yǎng)育的社會效益;實際上，它是在竊取這些福利，因為它們會累積到整個社會，因為今天的兒童將成為明天富有成效的公民?！睋?jù)此可知作者認為良好養(yǎng)育能帶來社會效益，養(yǎng)育子女是社會的責任，是一種社會事業(yè)。故A項正確。

16.單選題

Thecompanymakesaperiodicalreviewofexpenditureeverymonth.

問題1選項

A.regular

B.immediate

C.prevalent

D.temporary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項regular“定期的；有規(guī)律的；合格的；整齊的；普通的”；B選項immediate“立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C選項prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；D選項temporary“暫時的，臨時的”。句意：公司每月定期檢查支出情況。結合此處關鍵詞periodical“[數(shù)]周期的；定期的”，得知A選項正確。

17.單選題

SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpectto_____wonderfulbargainsinthemarket.

問題1選項

A.pickup

B.bumpinto

C.pileup

D.bringback

【答案】A

【解析】pickup撿起,獲得,買到;bumpinto偶然碰上,猛撞,猛擊;pileup堆集,相撞;bringback拿回來,使...恢復;使...回憶起。句意：有些人喜歡在星期天購物,因為他們希望能在市場上買到物美價廉的東西。選項A符合句意。

18.單選題

ThealcoholintakeofGreeksisalsomodest______Europeanterms,butthey’rethebiggestsmokersinthe15-countrybloc,______upeighttimesadayforeveryman,womanandchild.

問題1選項

A.during,lighted

B.in,lighting

C.for,lighted

D.as,lighting

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配與非謂語動詞。句意：在歐洲，希臘人的飲酒量也不算高，但他們卻是15國中吸煙人數(shù)最多的國家，男女老少平均每天要抽8次煙。根據(jù)固定搭配intermsof“在……方面，從……角度”，確定第一根橫線用介詞in；第二根橫線考查非謂語動詞，其邏輯主語和本句的主語一致，動作是主語主動發(fā)出，確定用現(xiàn)在分詞lighting，B選項in,lighting符合題意。因此B選項正確。

19.單選題

Manyaninstitutionhasbeensetuptotryandmakesenseoftheinscrutablenatureofushumanbeings,andalthough（）,itisonlyinstrumentalinshowinghowlittlewereallyunderstand.

問題1選項

A.aninroadhasbeensetup

B.theinroadhasbeensetup

C.aninroadhasbeenmade

D.inroadshavebeenmade

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配和語法題。根據(jù)后面主句中的it可判斷although引導的讓步狀語從句中主語應該為名詞單數(shù)，所以選項D可排除。又根據(jù)固定搭配makeaninroad“取得進展”。選項C符合題意。

20.翻譯題

大多數(shù)中國人十分看重自己的工作，覺得工作會使自己成為團體的一部分。他們相信，工作可以讓他們產生歸屬感。換言之，要得到社會的承認，就必須工作。許多中國經理和員工努力工作，力求保住在公司的職位，原因就是這個。

【答案】

MostChinesevaluetheirjobsverymuch,andfeelthatitmakesthempartofacommunityandtheybelievethatworkgivesthemasenseofbelonging.Inotherwords,inordertoberecognizedbysociety,theyhavetowork.ThatiswhymanyChinesemanagersandemployeeshavetoworkhardandstrivetokeeptheirpositionsinthecompany.

21.單選題

2.

問題1選項

A.Takeaholidayfromwork.

B.Worrylessaboutwork.

C.Takesomesleepingpills.

D.Workhardertoforgetallhertrouble.

【答案】B

【解析】W:IsthereanythingelseIcandotohelpmesleeptonight?

M:Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsofwork.Iknow,Iknow,easiersaidthandone.

W:ShouldIstayhomefromwork?

M:No,Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary,justremembertostaycalm.

Q:Whatdidthedoctorsuggestthewomando?

【解析】細節(jié)題。醫(yī)生建議：Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsofwork（少想工作），故選B。

22.單選題

TheMayorofthetownisa（

）oldman.

問題1選項

A.respective

B.respectful

C.respectable

D.respecting

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項respective“分別的，各自的”；B選項respectful“恭敬的，有禮貌的”；C選項respectable“值得尊敬的”；D選項respecting“關于”。句意：這個鎮(zhèn)的市長是個可敬的老人。選項B符合句意。

23.單選題

Mygrandmotherhasbeengoingtoabetterdentist,sothis（）problemssheishavingwithherdentures.

問題1選項

A.won’teliminate

B.willbeelimination

C.shouldhavebeeneliminated

D.shouldhelpeliminate

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我的祖母一直在看牙醫(yī)，所以這應該有助于解決她的假牙問題。should表示有較大可能實現(xiàn)的推測，且根據(jù)句意可知，這里時態(tài)應該為一般現(xiàn)在時，所以選項D正確。

24.單選題

Ifsomething（

）,itgraduallydevelopsandchangesoveraperiodoftimeintosomethingdifferentandusuallymoreadvanced.

問題1選項

A.revolves

B.evolves

C.resolves

D.involves

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。revolve“旋轉”；evolve“逐步發(fā)展，逐步演變”；resolve“決定，決心”；involve“牽涉”。句意：如果某些事物進化，逐漸發(fā)展經過一段時間變?yōu)槠渌氖挛铮ǔ８呒壭?。選項B符合題意。

25.單選題

The150millionpeoplewholiveoutsidethecountryoftheirbirthmakeuplessthan2.5percentofworldpopulation,buttheyhaveanimportancefarbeyondtheirnumbers.Someinternationalmigrantsarerefugeesorstudents,butthosewiththemostimpactareeconomicmigrants,drawntoplacessuchasLosAngeles,wherethewagesmaybethreetimesgreaterthanthoseinBombay.Thesemigrantstendtobeyoungandwillingtoworkforlowwages.Thoughtraditionallyunskilled,agrowingnumberarehighlyeducated.

Immigrationisnowthemajorcontributortodemographicchangeinmanydevelopedcountries.IntheU.S.,accordingtothelatestU.S.CensusBureauprojection,thepopulationwillgrowby129millionintheperiodfrom2000to2050,butifimmigrationstopsitwouldgoupbyjust54million.WesternEurope’spopulationis42percentgreaterthanthatoftheU.S.,butitsprojectedimmigrationisonlyabouthalfthatoftheU.S.;asaconsequence,theregionexpectedtolose28millionpeopleoverthenext50years.Japan,whichhasclosetozeronetmigration,isprojectedtolose26millionby2050.(DeathswillstartoutrunningbirthsinwestEuropeandJapanaroundthemiddleofthisdecade).

Duringthepastsixyears,theU.S.received27percentoftheworldinternationalmigrants,comparedwith9percentbyGermany,thesecondmostpopulardestination.OnefourthofallmigrantstotheU.S.wenttoCalifornia;favoritecities,inorderofthenumberofforeign-bom,areLosAngeles,NewYorkCity,SanFrancisco,MiamiandChicago.

Internationalmigrantsprimarilycomefromdevelopingcountries,withChinaat14percentandMexicoat8percentbeingthelatestsources.Afewdevelopingcountries,suchasAfghanistan,Bosnia,LiberiaandRwanda,havehadsignificantinfluxesinrecentyears,butthesereflectmainlythemovementofrefugees.Mostdevelopingcountrieshadnegativenetmigration.

Inthepastfewyears,Europeancountrywithconsiderableimmigrationhashadareactionagainstforeignwork,accordingtosocialscientistChristopherJencksofHarvardUniversity.SomeAsiancountrieshithardbyrecessioninthelate1990striedtorepatriatemigrantworkers.ThusfartheU.S.showsnosignsofreinstitutingtheextremelyrestrictiveImmigration,lawsofthepast,amajorreasonbeingthedependenceofmanyindustriesonasupplyofforeignlabor.Indeed,theAFL-CIO,onceanopponentofhighimmigratio