考研考博-英語-南寧學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南寧學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Owingtoan（）lackoflower-incomehousing,themunicipalgovernmentisembarrassedbytheimpressinghousingissue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alien

B.obscure

C.acute

D.elaborate

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題：alien"外國的,陌生的";obscure"隱蔽的,模糊不清的";acute"敏銳的;劇烈的;急性的";elaborate"復(fù)雜的,精心制作的"。句意：由于嚴(yán)重缺乏供給低收人者的住房，市政府對(duì)面臨嚴(yán)重的住房問題感到尷尬。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

Intoday’sfreneticworkplace,wheredistractionsareconstantandcompetitionisoftenfierce,stresshasneverbeenhigher.Frompanicattacksandanxietytopoorsleep,acidreflux,highbloodpressureandstrokes,stressiscausingourbodiestomentallyandphysicallyshutdown,accordingtoDr.TaraSwart,neuroscientistandco-authorof“NeuroscienceforLeadership”.

Insteadoftellinguswhatweshouldn’tbedoing,Swarthasnotedafewtelltalesignsweneedtowatchoutfor,signsthatwe’relettingstressgettous.Someofthephysicalsignsincludefatigue,muscularachesandpains,andfluandcoldsthatarelingeringlonger—asignthatstressisstartingtoerodeyourimmunesystem,shesaid.（1）Otherphysicalsymptomsincludeproblemsrelatedtothegutandlimbicsystemofthebrain—thingslikeheartburn,refluxandirritablebowelsyndromecanbesignsofstressaswell.Sometimes,stresscansendusspiralingintosurvivalmode,asSwartcallsit.

（2）

Beingirritableandmoodyarealsosignsthatstressisgettingtous.

（3）

Aerobicexercisehelps,saysSwart,asitreleasesendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽)andreducesourcortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)levels.Butother,lessphysicallydemandingstepsneedtobealsotaken：talkingtofriendorpsychologist,gettingadequatesleep,stayingwell-hydratedandpracticingsometypeofmindfulnesswillallhelpreduceourstress,shesaid.

（4）

FromOprahWinfreytoRupertMurdochandAriannaHuffingtontoRussellSimmons,itseemsthesehigh-achievingindividualsknowathingortwoabouthowtocopewithstress.MichaelChaskalson,founderandCEOofMindfulnessWorksandauthorofMindfulnessin8Weeks'1,coachesseniorpeopleinmindfulnessskillstobettermanagepressuresofwork.Indoingso,heclaimshisclientsbecomemoreemotionallyalert,moreempathicandtheyhavehigherlevelsofconcentrationandcreativity.

（5）

Withtherightapproach,walking,evenrunning(inamindfulway),staringoutthewindow,justtakingabreak,willhelpleadersnotonlyperformbetter,butthere’sevidencethatitwillimproveanorganization’soverallhealthandeffectiveness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Alotofmentalandemotionalissuesactuallymanifestwithphysicalsymptoms,shesaid.

B.Wecravehigh-sugarfoodsandcaffeine,thinkingitwillmakeusfeelbetterbutactually“itmakesusmoreanxious”.

C.Itdoesn’thavetobeyogaormeditation,Chaskalsonsays.

D.Manywell-knownleadersandCEOshavepraisedmeditationandmindfulnessaspartoftheirongoingsuccess.

E.Howtocombatallthis?

F.Stressmakesmusclesache,warnsSwart,sowatchoutfor“thatfeelingwhenyou’vebeenrunning”wherethelacticacidbuildsup.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Alotofmentalandemotionalissuesactuallymanifestwithphysicalsymptoms,shesaid.

B.Wecravehigh-sugarfoodsandcaffeine,thinkingitwillmakeusfeelbetterbutactually“itmakesusmoreanxious”.

C.Itdoesn’thavetobeyogaormeditation,Chaskalsonsays.

D.Manywell-knownleadersandCEOshavepraisedmeditationandmindfulnessaspartoftheirongoingsuccess.

E.Howtocombatallthis?

F.Stressmakesmusclesache,warnsSwart,sowatchoutfor“thatfeelingwhenyou’vebeenrunning”wherethelacticacidbuildsup.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Alotofmentalandemotionalissuesactuallymanifestwithphysicalsymptoms,shesaid.

B.Wecravehigh-sugarfoodsandcaffeine,thinkingitwillmakeusfeelbetterbutactually“itmakesusmoreanxious”.

C.Itdoesn’thavetobeyogaormeditation,Chaskalsonsays.

D.Manywell-knownleadersandCEOshavepraisedmeditationandmindfulnessaspartoftheirongoingsuccess.

E.Howtocombatallthis?

F.Stressmakesmusclesache,warnsSwart,sowatchoutfor“thatfeelingwhenyou’vebeenrunning”wherethelacticacidbuildsup.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Alotofmentalandemotionalissuesactuallymanifestwithphysicalsymptoms,shesaid.

B.Wecravehigh-sugarfoodsandcaffeine,thinkingitwillmakeusfeelbetterbutactually“itmakesusmoreanxious”.

C.Itdoesn’thavetobeyogaormeditation,Chaskalsonsays.

D.Manywell-knownleadersandCEOshavepraisedmeditationandmindfulnessaspartoftheirongoingsuccess.

E.Howtocombatallthis?

F.Stressmakesmusclesache,warnsSwart,sowatchoutfor“thatfeelingwhenyou’vebeenrunning”wherethelacticacidbuildsup.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Alotofmentalandemotionalissuesactuallymanifestwithphysicalsymptoms,shesaid.

B.Wecravehigh-sugarfoodsandcaffeine,thinkingitwillmakeusfeelbetterbutactually“itmakesusmoreanxious”.

C.Itdoesn’thavetobeyogaormeditation,Chaskalsonsays.

D.Manywell-knownleadersandCEOshavepraisedmeditationandmindfulnessaspartoftheirongoingsuccess.

E.Howtocombatallthis?

F.Stressmakesmusclesache,warnsSwart,sowatchoutfor“thatfeelingwhenyou’vebeenrunning”wherethelacticacidbuildsup.

【答案】第1題:F

第2題:B

第3題:E

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.聯(lián)系上下文。本題空格后的“otherphysicalsymptoms”提示之前要填的內(nèi)容也是某種生理癥狀，即可得出本題答案。

2.本空所在的段落主要大意為：壓力大時(shí)人體出現(xiàn)的癥狀或反應(yīng)。另外，空格后是關(guān)于情緒反應(yīng)方面的內(nèi)容，所以應(yīng)填入的內(nèi)容肯定與其相關(guān)，從而得出本題答案。

3.本題所在的段落主要內(nèi)容：應(yīng)對(duì)壓力的方法。空格處為本段主題句。選項(xiàng)E與本段意思相符，從而得出本題答案。

4.空處后面一句列舉了名流名人的例子來說明名人減壓的方法。從而得出本題答案。

5.空白處下文中用到了“even”一詞，意在說明簡單易行的運(yùn)動(dòng)照樣可以減壓，沒有必要采取一些高大上的方法。從而得出本題答案。

3.單選題

Sincetheeconomicreform,withprices______somuch,itishardforthemanykindnessesyouhaveshownmyson.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.swinging

B.waving

C.fluctuating

D.vibrating

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)swing“搖擺”，B項(xiàng)wave“揮手，揮手示意”，C項(xiàng)fluctuate“波動(dòng)，漲落”，D項(xiàng)vibrate“振動(dòng)，顫動(dòng)”?？崭癫糠质且粋€(gè)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，所以空格處要填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞與price（價(jià)格）搭配，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)最符合。句意：自從經(jīng)濟(jì)改革以來，物價(jià)波動(dòng)如此之大，您對(duì)我兒子的好意實(shí)在難以接受。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Idon'tsaythattopersuadeyou,butmerelyto（）myconscience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revolve

B.relieve

C.retrieve

D.revive

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。revolve旋轉(zhuǎn)；循環(huán)；relieve解除，減輕；retrieve恢復(fù)，取回；revive復(fù)活，復(fù)興。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有relieve更符合句意。句意：我說這個(gè)不是為了勸你，只是為了讓我的良心好受些。所以本題選B。

5.單選題

Theunemployedmanis（）aboutstreetswithacigarinhishandandamiserablefeelinginmind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plunging

B.patrolling

C.lounging

D.lingering

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plunging“驟降；投入”；B選項(xiàng)patrolling“巡邏；偵查”；C選項(xiàng)lounging“懶洋洋地站著”；D選項(xiàng)lingering“徘徊；磨蹭”。句意：那個(gè)失業(yè)的人手里拿著雪茄在街上……，心里愁悶不安。D選項(xiàng)符合語境語義，故選D。

6.單選題

Lifeisinterestingtopeoplewho（

）themselvestonewideas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.present

B.exhibit

C.expose

D.explain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:對(duì)于讓自己接觸新觀點(diǎn)的人而言，生活是有意思的。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Present把…交給,頒發(fā),授予,提出,提交;exhibit展覽,陳列,展示;expose使面臨,使暴露,使曝光,常與to連用表示“使接觸……，使受到……的影響”;explain說明,解釋。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞newideas(新觀點(diǎn))可知C符合句意。

7.翻譯題

II.(本題3段，每段10分)

HumanisticpsychologyHumanisticpsychologistsbelievethatbehavioristsareover-concernedwiththescientificstudyandanalysisoftheactionsofmanasanorganism,totheneglectofbasicaspectsofmanasafeeling,thinkingindividual,andthattoomucheffortisspentinlaboratoryresearch,whichquantifiesandreduceshumanbehaviortoitselements.Humanistsalsotakeissuewiththedeterministicorientationofpsychoanalysis,whichpostulatesthatman’searlyexperiencesanddrivesdeterminehisbehavior.Humaniststendtobelievethattheindividualisresponsibleforhislifeandactionsandmaytimecreativelychangehisattitudesorbehaviorthroughawarenessandwill.Thehumanistisconcernedwiththefullestgrowthoftheindividualintheareasoflove,fulfillment,self-worth,andautonomy;maturationisconsideredaprocessduringwhichoneestablishesandfollowsone’ssystemofvalues.

ExperimentmethodTheexperimentisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatormanipulatesavariablecarefullycontrolledconditionsandobserveswhetheranychangesoccurinasecondvariableasaresult.Thus,thepurposeofanexperimentistofindouthowonevariable,let’scallitX,affectsanothervariable,whichwe’llcallY.Inthisformulation,werefertoXastheindependentvariabletoYasthedependentvariable.Anindependentvariableisaconditionoreventthatanexperimentervariesinordertoseeitsimpactonanothervariable.Agoodshortcutforsortingouttheindependentvariablesinexperimentsistofitthevariablesintotheequation“HowXaffectsY.”

IntelligenceIntelligencereferstocognitiveabilitiesofanindividualtolearnfromexperience,toreasonwell,andtocopeeffectivelywiththedemandsofdailyliving.Inshort,intelligencehastodowithhowwellapersonisabletousecognitionincopingwiththeworld.Thetermintelligencewasnotinwidespreaduseuntilitwaspopularizedinthelate1800sbythewritingsofSirFrancisGalton.GaltonwasacousinofCharlesDarwin,thescientistcreditedfordevelopingthetheoryofevolutionbasedonnaturalselectionofinheritedcharacteristics.Galtonbelievedthatintellectualabilitywasinherited,andhetriedunsuccessfullytodevelopanintelligencetesttouseinhisresearch.Althoughhewasunsuccessfulinhisownresearch,Galtongavepsychologytheconceptofintelligence.

【答案】人本心理學(xué)8.單選題

（

）canhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbythesciencefiction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Everybody

B.Anybody

C.Somebody

D.Nobody

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。nobodycanhelpbut“情不自禁”，相當(dāng)于everybodycan'thelpbut.句意：大家都情不自禁地被他科幻小說所代入的世界所吸引。故D項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

DoingaPhDiscertainlynotforeverybody,andIdonotrecommenditformostpeople.However,IamreallygladIgotmyPhDratherthanjustgettingajobafterfinishingmyBachelor’s.ThenumberonereasonitthatIlearnedahellofalotdoingthePhD,andmostofthethingsIlearnedIwouldnevergetexposedtoinatypicalsoftwareengineeringjob.TheprocessofdoingaPhDtrainsyoutodoresearch,toreadresearchpapers,torunexperiments,towritepapers,togivetalks.Italsoteachesyouhowtofigureoutwhatproblemneedstobesolved.YougainaverysophisticatedtechnicalbackgrounddoingthePhD,andhavingyourworksubjecttotheintensescrutinyoftheacademicpeer-reviewprocess-nottomentionyourthesiscommittee.

IthinkofthePhDalittleliketheGrandTour,atraditioninthe16thand17thcenturieswhereyouthswouldtravelaroundEurope,gettingarichexposuretohighsocietyinFrance,ItalyandGermany,learningaboutart,architecture,language,literature,fencing,riding,ect...alloftheessentialliberalartsthatagentlemenwasexpectedtohaveexperiencewithtobeaninfluentialmemberofsociety.

ThetopPhDprogramssetanincrediblyhighbar:alotofcoursework,teachingexperience,qualifyingexams,athesisdefenseandofcoursemakingagroundbreakingresearchcontributioninyourarea.Havingtogothroughthisprocessgiveyouatremendousamountoftechnicalbreadthanddepth.

SomeimportantstuffIlearneddoingaPhDisasfollows.

Howtowritepapersandgivetalks.Beingfluentintechnicalcommunicationsisareallyimportantskillforengineers.I'venoticedabiggapbetweenthesoftwareengineersI’veworkedwithwhohavePhDsandthosewhodon’tinthisregard.PhD-trainedfolkstendtogiveclearwell-organizedtalksandknowhowtowriteuptheirworkandvisualizetheresultofexperiments.Asaresult,theycanbemuchmoreinfluential.

Howtofigureoutwhatproblemtoworkon.ThisisprobablythemostimportantaspectofPhDtraining.DoingaPhDwillforceyoutocastawayfromshoreandexploretheboundaryofhumanknowledge.(MattMight’scartoononthisisagreatvisualizationofthis.)Ithinkthatatleast80%ofmakingascientificcontributionisfiguringoutwhatproblemtotackle-aproblemthatisatonceinteresting,openandgoingtohaveimpactifyousolveit.Therearelotsofopenproblemsthattheresearchcommunityisnotinterestedin.Therearemanyinterestingproblemsthathavebeensolvedoverandoverandover.There’sarealtricktopickinggoodproblemsanddevelopingatasteforitisakeyskillifyouwanttobecomeatechnicalleader.

SoIthinkit’sworthhavingaPhD,especiallyifyouwanttoworkonthehardestandmostinterestingproblems.Thisistruewhetheryouwantacareerinacademia,aresearchlabormoretraditionalengineeringrole,butasmyPhDadvisorwasfondofsaying,“doingaPhDcostsyouahouse.”(IntermofthelostsalaryduringthePhDyears)

【答案】攻讀博士學(xué)位的過程能訓(xùn)練你做研究、讀文獻(xiàn)、做實(shí)驗(yàn)、寫論文和做演講。它還會(huì)教你如何弄清楚需要解決的問題。

頂尖的博士計(jì)劃設(shè)置了一個(gè)極高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：大量的課程作業(yè)、教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、資格考試、論文答辯，當(dāng)然，還包括在你的領(lǐng)域做出了開創(chuàng)性的研究貢獻(xiàn)。

接受博士訓(xùn)練的人往往能發(fā)表?xiàng)l理清晰而有組織的演講，并且知道如何詳細(xì)記錄他們的工作，并將實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可視化。因此，他們具有很大的影響力。

如何找出需要解決的問題，這可能是博士培訓(xùn)最重要的方面。攻讀博士學(xué)位會(huì)迫使你遠(yuǎn)離當(dāng)下領(lǐng)域，探索人類知識(shí)的邊界。

所以，我認(rèn)為，讀博是值得的，尤其是如果你想研究最難且最有興趣的問題。無論你是想在學(xué)術(shù)界、實(shí)驗(yàn)室或者更傳統(tǒng)的工程職業(yè)中謀職，讀博都是正確的選擇。

10.單選題

Sincenoonecould()hisscribbling,thechiefeditordecidedtoreplacehimwithanothercolumnist.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.encode

B.decipher

C.clear

D.identify

【答案】B

11.單選題

Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.“Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,"wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago."Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace.”

Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline(腎上激素)arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.

Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.

Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.

Phil’sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause"thecarmightbreakdown."Growingupinsuchahome,Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.

1.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,“ourparticularcreature”refersto（

）.

2.Fearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan

（

）.

3.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen

（

）.

4.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat

（

）.

5.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fearofsomething

B.publicridicule

C.physicalpain

D.afiercebeast

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.quickenourheartbeatandresponses

B.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves

C.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbody

D.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstream.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.onecannotstandthedanger

B.oneisnotwellpreparedforit

C.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysical

D.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyis

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise

B.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoise

C.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydanger

D.people’sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeature

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.parents’lifestyle

B.earlyexperiences

C.schooleducation

D.homeeducation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義題。文章第一段的首句Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.（在生命的各個(gè)階段，恐懼對(duì)每個(gè)人來說都幾乎是一個(gè)問題）是本段的主題句，緊接著HoraceWalpole對(duì)所恐懼的東西進(jìn)行具體的舉例，如黑暗、身體疼痛、公開嘲笑、貧困、孤獨(dú)，破折號(hào)后是對(duì)恐懼的這些東西的一個(gè)總的概括，由本段的主題fear及“forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace（對(duì)我們所有人來說，這些特殊的東西藏在一個(gè)隱蔽的地方）”可知A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞usefulemotion定位到文章第二段，由Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.（同樣，當(dāng)危險(xiǎn)是心理而不是身體時(shí)，恐懼會(huì)迫使你采取自我保護(hù)措施）可知B選項(xiàng)“幫助我們快速應(yīng)對(duì)危險(xiǎn)，保護(hù)自己”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞aproblem定位到文章第二段Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.（只有當(dāng)恐懼與眼前的危險(xiǎn)不成比例時(shí)，它才會(huì)成為一個(gè)問題）可知D選項(xiàng)“危險(xiǎn)比實(shí)際情況更大”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞newborn定位到文章第三段，本段的主題句為Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.（有些人比其他人更容易受到恐懼的傷害）。由Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.（從出生起，他或她更容易學(xué)會(huì)恐懼的反應(yīng)，因?yàn)樗蛩z傳了一種更敏感的傾向）可知有些人生下來就更容易受到恐懼的影響，舉例是為了表明本段的主題句，因此C選項(xiàng)“有些人天生就更容易受到危險(xiǎn)的影響”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞psychologists定位到文章第四段，由psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears（心理學(xué)家確信我們早期的經(jīng)歷和關(guān)系很大程度地塑造和決定了我們?nèi)蘸蟮目謶郑┛芍狟選項(xiàng)“早期的經(jīng)歷”符合題意。

12.單選題

Withtheprospectofcoalandpetroleumsuppliesdepletedandwithairpollutionbecominganincreasingconcern,themajorcountriesoftheworldareseekingalternatesourcesofenergy.Ifameanstoobtainenergyfromwater,especiallyfromtheocean,canbeeffectedeconomically,itwouldfurnishaneverendingsupplyofenergy,since70%oftheearth’ssurfaceisoceanandanother10%isfreshwaterinriversandlakes.

Fromthebeginningoftimemanhasusedwaterpowerasasourceofworkenergy—waterfallsanddam—butthesearefreshwatersourcesandarelandlocked.Theseashavecontributedlittleornothinginthewayofpower.

Theuseoftemperaturevariationbetweencurrentsisoneareaofexploration.Oceanwaterisheatedbythesunneartheequatoranddrawnbytherotationoftheearthtowardthepoles,whereitcoolsanddropstowardtheoceanfloorandstartsitsjourneybacktowardtheequator.Thedifferentialbetweenthetwocurrentsis35degreesto45degreesFahrenheitandtouseit,thescientistsmustfindtheplaceswheretheyrunnearlandandarenottoofarawayfromeachother.OneareathatmeetstheserequirementsistheCaribbeanSea.

America,thegreatestconsumerofenergy,hasbeenworkingonanotherkindofthermalseaenergyproposal.Oneplanwouldsomewhatresembletheoperationofarefrigeratoronavastscale.Warmwaterwouldbetheheatsource,coldwatertheheatsink.

Oceansalsoofferwavepower,tidesandthechemicalpropensitiesofsaltwateraspotentialsourcesofenergy.Alltheseusesaretheoreticallypossible.

Britain’sDepartmentofEnergyisinterestedinwavepower,usingastringof“teardrop”devicesthatdependonveryactivewaveareasand100feetdepths.Inadditiontothis,theBritishareworkingonamethodthattheJapanesehavealreadyputintopracticaluseonasmallscaleforpoweringtheirnavigationalbuoys.Thismethodiscalledanoscillatingwatercolumnandridesthewaveswithaseriesofcylindershavingone-wayairvalves.Wavemovementproducesairunderpressurethathasonlyoneescaperoute—toaturbinethatpowersagenerator.

11.Theuseofwateris______.

12.Inthematterofdevelopingenergyfromoceanwater,Britainis______.

13.ThedevelopmentofwaterpowerfromtheoceanisimportanttoAmericaandRussiabecause______.

14.Gettingenergyfromtheoceanisimportantto______.

15.Theword“depleted”inLine1,Para.1,mostprobablymeans______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anewconcept

B.lessexpensivethanpetroleumproducts

C.nowbeingusedmorefromtheoceanthanfromriversandlakes

D.beingdevelopedtosupplementothersourcesofenergy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.workingonamethodthattheJapanesehavealreadyputintopractice

B.themostadvancedcountryinthefield

C.followingtheleadoftheUnitedStatesNationalSpaceAdministrationandEnergyResearchandDevelopmentAdministration

D.consolidatingtheirworkwiththeNorthSeadrillingoperationsalreadygoingon

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thereisasevereshortageofcoal

B.itisthecheapestmethodofproducingenergy

C.petroleumsuppliesarebeingsteadilydepleted

D.theproceduresforobtainingenergyfromoceanwateraresimplerthanmethodsnowbeingusedforpetroleum

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Russiabecauseofitslimitedwaterresourcesonland

B.Americabecauseofitsgreatconsumptionofenergy

C.AsiabecausemostoftheAsiancountrieslackothersourcesofenergy

D.southAmericabecausealargepercentageofthepopulationisverypoor

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.runout

B.usedup

C.deserted

D.extinct

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】11.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

11.Theuseofwateris______.

11.用水是______。

A.anewconceptA.新概念

B.lessexpensivethanpetroleumproductsB.比石油產(chǎn)品便宜

C.nowbeingusedmorefromtheoceanthanfromriversandlakesC.現(xiàn)在從海洋中得到的能源比從河流和湖泊中得到的要多

D.beingdevelopedtosupplementothersourcesofenergyD.正打算被開發(fā)以補(bǔ)充其他能源

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第一段第一二句話“隨著煤和石油供應(yīng)的枯竭以及空氣污染日益引起人們的關(guān)注，世界主要國家正在尋求替代能源（alternatesourcesofenergy）。如果從水中獲取能量……”，第二步綜合理解，因?yàn)榉N種因素，人們打算用水做替代能源，所以答案選D選項(xiàng)“正打算被開發(fā)以補(bǔ)充其他能源”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“新概念”，定位到第二段第一句話“從一開始，人類就使用水力作為工作能量的來源”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“比石油產(chǎn)品便宜”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在從海洋中得到的能源比從河流和湖泊中得到的要多”，定位到第一段第二句話“如果（If）一種從水，特別是從海洋中獲取能源的方法能產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，那么它將提供無窮無盡的能源，”這里只是一種假設(shè)，與C選項(xiàng)描述不符，這里屬于偷換概念。

12.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

12.Inthematterofdevelopingenergyfromoceanwater,Britainis______.

12.在從海水中開發(fā)能源的問題上，英國是______。

A.workingonamethodthattheJapanesehavealreadyputintopracticeA.研究一種日本人已經(jīng)付諸實(shí)踐的方法

B.themostadvancedcountryinthefieldB.在這一領(lǐng)域最先進(jìn)的國家

C.followingtheleadoftheUnitedStatesNationalSpaceAdministrationandEnergyResearchandDevelopmentAdministrationC.跟隨著美國國家航天局和能源研究與開發(fā)局的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

D.consolidatingtheirworkwiththeNorthSeadrillingoperationsalreadygoingonD.已經(jīng)進(jìn)行的北海鉆井作業(yè)用來鞏固他們的工作

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Britain定位到第六段第二句話“除此之外，英國人正在研究一種日本人已經(jīng)在小范圍內(nèi)實(shí)際應(yīng)用的方法，為他們的導(dǎo)航浮標(biāo)提供動(dòng)力”，第二步綜合理解，由上句可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)，定位到文章第六段第一句話“英國能源部對(duì)海浪發(fā)電很感興趣”，英國感興趣的是海浪能量，而美國國家航天局研究的是通過兩股洋流之間的溫度差來提供能量，所以C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

13.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

13.ThedevelopmentofwaterpowerfromtheoceanisimportanttoAmericaandRussiabecause______.

13.開發(fā)海洋水力對(duì)美國和俄羅斯來說很重要，因?yàn)開_____。

A.thereisasevereshortageofcoalA.煤嚴(yán)重短缺

B.itisthecheapestmethodofproducingenergyB.這是生產(chǎn)能源最便宜的方法

C.petroleumsuppliesarebeingsteadilydepletedC.石油供應(yīng)正在逐漸枯竭

D.theproceduresforobtainingenergyfromoceanwateraresimplerthanmethodsnowbeingusedforpetroleumD.從海水中獲取能源的程序比現(xiàn)在用于石油的方法簡單

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】第一步精準(zhǔn)定位，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞AmericaandRussia，定位到第一段第一句“隨著煤和石油供應(yīng)的枯竭（deplete）以及空氣污染日益引起人們的關(guān)注，世界主要國家（themajorcountries）正在尋求替代能源”。第二步，綜合理解，由此可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“煤嚴(yán)重短缺”，造成短缺的原因很多，不一定是因?yàn)槊禾抠Y源枯竭，這里屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“這是生產(chǎn)能源最便宜的方法”，文章沒有提及，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“從海水中獲取能源的程序比現(xiàn)在用于石油的方法簡單”，文章沒有提及，屬于反向干擾。

14.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

14.Gettingenergyfromtheoceanisimportantto______.

14.從海洋獲取能源對(duì)______來說很重要。

A.RussiabecauseofitslimitedwaterresourcesonlandA.俄羅斯，因?yàn)槠潢懙厮Y源有限

B.AmericabecauseofitsgreatconsumptionofenergyB.美國，因?yàn)槠湎拇罅康哪茉?/p>

C.AsiabecausemostoftheAsiancountrieslackothersourcesofenergyC.亞洲，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)亞洲國家缺乏其他能源來源

D.southAmericabecausealargepercentageofthepopulationisverypoorD.南非，因?yàn)榇蟛糠值娜丝诙己茇毟F

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】定位到第四段第一句“作為最大的能源消費(fèi)國（thegreatestconsumerofenergy），美國一直在研究另一種海洋熱能提案”，美國是最大的能源消耗國，所以從海洋獲取能源對(duì)美國影響最大，答案選B選項(xiàng)“美國，因?yàn)槠湎拇罅康哪茉础薄?/p>

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“俄羅斯，因?yàn)槠潢懙厮Y源有限”，文章沒有提到水資源，這里屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“亞洲，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)亞洲國家缺乏其他能源來源”，文章沒有提到亞洲，這里屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“南非，因?yàn)榇蟛糠值娜丝诙己茇毟F”，文章沒有提到亞洲，這里屬于無中生有。

15.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

15.Theword“depleted”inLine1,Para.1,mostprobablymeans______.

15.第一段第一行中的“depleted”一詞，最可能的意思是______。

A.runoutA.用完的

B.usedupB.用盡的

C.desertedC.荒蕪的

D.extinctD.滅絕的

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推斷

【解題思路】第一步，句中前后信息銜接，句中前面接的是煤炭石油資源供應(yīng)。第二步，上下語義銜接，該句后面主要國家正在尋找可替代能源，由此可以推測，因?yàn)槊禾?、石油資源枯竭所以主要國家才會(huì)去尋找替代能源。B選項(xiàng)useup可以接賓語，表示資源耗盡時(shí)，“資源”充當(dāng)useup的賓語，可以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。且該句中with引導(dǎo)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，煤炭石油資源是deplete的主語，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)含義，所以答案選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)runout不能接賓語，表示資源耗盡時(shí)用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，不用于被動(dòng)；

C選項(xiàng)“荒蕪的”，不符合題意，這里屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“滅絕的”，不符合題意，這里屬于無中生有。

13.單選題

Whenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itstuckwithavengeance.Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotupnearly400feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopletomigrateinland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshifteddrasticallyinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming:theglobal-warmingcrisisthatgaverisetoithappenedmorethan10,000yearsago.

AsenvironmentalistsconveneinRiodeJaneirothisweektopondertheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemidstofarevolutioninunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepast—andhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears.

Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimateshiftshaveplayedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution:fromthedawnofprimatessome65millionyearsagotohumanancestorsrisinguptowalkontwolegs,fromthehugeexpansionofthehumanbraintotheriseofagriculture.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.

ThenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewforplanetEarth.Thebenignglobalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000years—duringwhichagriculture,writing,citiesandmostotherfeaturesofcivilizationappeared-isamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidelyvaryin