高中英語-虛擬語氣(69張PPT)

虛擬語氣

SubjunctiveMood一.虛擬語氣定義Ifiwereaboyevenjustforaday,i'drolloutofbedinthemorning.Isshereallyaboy?虛擬語氣：表示一種與事實相反或者不太成為可能的情況。eg.IfIwereyou,

Iwouldnotleaveheralone.

二.虛擬語氣的應(yīng)用1.在if條件句中2.在賓語從句中wishwouldrathersuggest類if從句主句對過去的虛擬haddonewould/could/should/might+havedone對現(xiàn)在的虛擬did/werewould/could/...+v.原形對將來的虛擬did/wereweretodoshoulddowould/could+v.原形‘if’虛擬條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)a.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)b.表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)c.表示與將來事實相反的假設(shè)Ifiwereaboyevenjustforaday,

i'drolloutofbedinthemorning.從句were主句wouldrollout(a)表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè),條件

狀語從句中的謂語動詞用“過去式(be動詞的過去式用were)”,

而主句中的謂語動詞“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”。IfI

were

aboy,I

would

breakmanygirl'shearts.What

would

youdoifyou

won

thelottery?IfI

won

thelottery,I

would…9、要學生做的事，教職員躬親共做；要學生學的知識，教職員躬親共學；要學生守的規(guī)則，教職員躬親共守。11月-2211月-22Friday,November18,202210、閱讀一切好書如同和過去最杰出的人談話。08:37:1508:37:1508:3711/18/20228:37:15AM11、只有讓學生不把全部時間都用在學習上，而留下許多自由支配的時間，他才能順利地學習……（這）是教育過程的邏輯。11月-2208:37:1508:37Nov-2218-Nov-2212、要記住，你不僅是教課的教師，也是學生的教育者，生活的導(dǎo)師和道德的引路人。08:37:1508:37:1508:37Friday,November18,202213、Hewhoseizetherightmoment,istherightman.誰把握機遇，誰就心想事成。11月-2211月-2208:37:1508:37:15November18,202214、誰要是自己還沒有發(fā)展培養(yǎng)和教育好，他就不能發(fā)展培養(yǎng)和教育別人。18十一月20228:37:15上午08:37:1511月-2215、一年之計，莫如樹谷；十年之計，莫如樹木；終身之計，莫如樹人。十一月228:37上午11月-2208:37November18,202216、教學的目的是培養(yǎng)學生自己學習，自己研究，用自己的頭腦來想，用自己的眼睛看，用自己的手來做這種精神。2022/11/188:37:1508:37:1518November202217、兒童是中心，教育的措施便圍繞他們而組織起來。8:37:15上午8:37上午08:37:1511月-22Youhavetobelieveinyourself.That'sthesecretofsuccess.

人必須相信自己，這是成功的秘訣。

IfI

wonthelottery,I

would

buyanexpensive

car.

IfI

had

alotofmoney,I

would

buyavilla.IfI

had

alotofmoneynow,I

would

travelaroundthe

world.Practice1:AlittletalkYouhadadreamthatyouwereateacher.

Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereateacher?IfI____

ateacher,I….were(b)與過去的事實相反從句的謂語用had＋過去分詞,構(gòu)成IfI(we,you,he,they)＋had＋過去分詞的形式；主句的謂語用should/would/could/mighthave＋動詞過去分詞。Ifhe__________morecarefully,

he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

IfI________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.c.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone(c)與將來事實相反從句的謂語用IfI(we,you,he,they)＋動詞過去式或weretodo或shoulddo形式,主句謂語用should(第一人稱)/would(第二、三人稱)/could/might＋動詞原形。Ifthegodshouldgive/weretogive/gavemeachance,IwouldtellthatgirlthatIloveher.Ifhe

got

upearly,

he

wouldbe

ontime.a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanksc.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,here________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe虛擬語氣的省略從句中有should,were,had三個助動詞時，可以將if省略，并將這三個詞提至句首。IfIwereabutterfly,Iwouldtakepossessionofalltheflowersintheworld.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldsleepallday.Ifmymotherhadgivenmemorenutrition,iwouldhavegrowntaller.WereIabutterflyShoulditraintomorrowHadmymothergivenback

主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間,這時主從句位于動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同,這叫做混合條件句。例句中從句與過去事實相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。

Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.Ifthestaff

hadbeen

morecareful,

themall

wouldnotbe

onfirenow.二.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法1.在動詞wish后的賓語從句中,表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反,或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望,從句通常省略連詞that。1)表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:

從句動詞用過去式(be動詞一般用were)。IwishI

were

astallasyou.IwishI

were

abird.Iwisheveryday

were

mybirthday.Iwish/wishedI

hadn’t

eatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示對過去情況的虛擬:從句動詞常用“had＋過去分詞”。Thepartywasterrible,IwishI

had

nevergonetoit.(3)表示對將來的主觀愿望:從句動詞形式為“

would＋動詞原形”。注意:主句的主語與從句的主語不能相同,因為主句的主語所期望的從句動作能否實現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意愿(非動物名詞除外)。但愿你立刻來。Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.Iwishit

would

raintomorrow.2.表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。常見動詞：一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求。即:1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣。即從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。e.g.我們建議Tom去休息一下。他堅決要求我到場。國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.

以上動詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。即：(should)＋V.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplan

becarriedout.Mydemandisthatshe

shouldcome

toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory

shouldbe

closeddown.

insist/suggest不接虛擬的用法1.Sheinsistedthatshewas

right.

她堅持認為自己是對的。（堅持事實）2.Hisuncleinsiststhatheshould

notstayinthehotel.

他的叔叔堅持要求他不要待在旅館里。2.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewas

unhappy.Isuggestedthattheteachers’wages(should)beincreased.3.It’s(about/high)time+(that)…should+V.過去時你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。It’stimethatyouwent.It’stimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.(Should不可省略)asif/asthough由asif(asthough)

或eventhough(eventhough)

引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時,從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were)或“had＋過去分詞”。Hebehavesasifhe

owned

thehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)ShetalksaboutRomeasthoughshe

had

beenthereherself.他那樣對待我,好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.注意:如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生,那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.4.wouldrather(that)現(xiàn)在：過去：將來：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.

Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucame

tomorrow.過去時過去時過去完成時關(guān)于虛擬語氣辯析1關(guān)于虛擬語氣辯析2關(guān)于虛擬語氣辯析3關(guān)于虛擬語氣辯析4關(guān)于虛擬語氣辯析5從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

1.—HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?

—No,butIwishI______.

A.have

B.will

C.do

D.had

2.Iftherewerenowaterintheworld,everything______.

A.willdie

B.woulddie

C.wouldhavedied

D.havedied

3.IwishthatI______withyoulastnight.

A.couldhavegone

B.couldgo

C.havegone

D.went

4.IfI______you,I______moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.

A.was;shallpay

B.am;willpay

C.wouldbe;wouldpay

D.were;wouldpay

5.Iwishthatyou______suchabadheadachebecauseI’msurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.

A.wouldn’thave

B.didn’thave

C.hadn’thad

D.haven’thad

6.Whenastickispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasthoughit___.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken7.“Areyougoingtotheballtonight?”“It’stoolatenow.HowIwish____aboutitearlier!”A.I’llknowB.I’veknownC.IknowD.I’dknown8.Theguardofthemeetinginsistedthateverybody____therules.A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey9.“Jack’sbeenillforsomeweeks.”“Iknow.Iwish____seeadoctor.”A.heshouldB.hecanC.he’llD.hecould10.“Youshouldhavegonetothecinemawithusyesterday.Thefilmwasverygood.”“IwishI____yesterdayoff.I’dhavegonewithyou.”A.havehadB.hadC.haveD.hadhad11.Itistimethatwe_____thispractice.A.stopB.stoppedC.willstopD.havestopped12.IwishI_____ashealthyasmycousin.A.wereB.amC.wasD.willbe13.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey___

friendsforyears.A.havebeenB.areC.wereD.hadbeen句型練習(用IfIwereyou句