高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句課件

高三定語(yǔ)從句及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)一、定語(yǔ)從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)

1.定語(yǔ)從句：修飾________或__________的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的_________后面。2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有________,________,________,_______,________,_____等；關(guān)系副詞有_________,__________,__________等。關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：1，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)_________。判斷以下句子是不是定語(yǔ)從句并選擇Iadviseyoutocancel__________isthoughtunnecessary.Herememberedtheweekends________heclimbedmountains.Wetookapicture__________thereisatower.A.whatB.whenC.thatD.whereE.which名詞代詞先行詞whowhichthatwhosewhomaswhenwherewhy句子成分whatwhenwhere二.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)

TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2.whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷浴r.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替，可省略。Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.三.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.(5)We'llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.(6)We'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.注意：1.含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.()(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.()×√2.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothof_________areverykindtohim.(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someof________havegonebad.3.介詞+which+n.的用法，常見的如：inwhichcase/atwhichtime/inwhichway…實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于andinthatcase/andatthattime/andinthatway…Shemaybelate,__________________weoughttowaitforher.她可能遲到，因此我們應(yīng)該等她。Iwillbearoundtheareaat5pm,_________________I'llpickyouup.whomwhichInwhichcaseAtwhichtime四．關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可用介詞+which替換IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.=Istillremembertheday__________________Ifirstcametotheschool.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),可用介詞+which替換ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.=Thehouse___________________Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.3.why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ),可用介詞+which替換Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.=Pleasetellmethereason__________________youmissedtheplane.OnwhichInwhichForwhich注意：1.一些特殊詞之后的wherewhere引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，但也有特殊情況。(1).I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.我已經(jīng)到了無(wú)法容忍他的地步了。(2).Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.國(guó)家正處在隨時(shí)有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的局勢(shì)中。解析：如果定語(yǔ)從句分別修飾point,situation,part,stage,condition，position和case等表示抽象意義的詞，常用where引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”。五．定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞的確定可以概括為：“三找兩定一證”。

“三找”：找先行詞→找定語(yǔ)從句→找定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；“兩定”：判定先行詞與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系→確定關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞(兼顧人/物)?！耙蛔C”：把定語(yǔ)從句還原成獨(dú)立的句子，驗(yàn)證其句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。1.Thisistheschool_________________Ivisitedtenyearsago.2.Thisistheschool_____________Iworkedtenyearsago.3.Thisistheschool__________hasagoodreputationinandoutofChina.4.Thisistheschool__________teachingbuildingsareofancientstyle.5.Thisistheschool________________Ivisitedtheheadmastertenyearsago.6.Thisistheschool________________Iworkedintenyearsago.that/which/--wherewhich/thatwhosewherethat/which/--區(qū)別五：先行詞不同限定性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞只能是名詞或代詞，而非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞則可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是短語(yǔ)或句子；另外，當(dāng)先行詞為專有名詞或其他具有獨(dú)一無(wú)二性的普通名詞時(shí)，通常要用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如：Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.(which指__________________________)Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.(which指____________________)Mr.Smith,whoisourboss,willleaveforJapannextweek.(先行詞為_____________，要用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾)Herfather,whohasalotofmoney,wisheshertostudyabroad.(先行詞為表___________________普通名詞，要用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾)區(qū)別六：關(guān)系詞不同關(guān)系詞_______和________可用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，通常不用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；另外，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系詞有時(shí)可以省略，而在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞一律_______________。PeterdrovetoofastHechangedhismind不能省略thatMr.SmithHerfatherwhy5.當(dāng)先行詞前面有______________等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?6.當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?7.當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，而且關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中也做表語(yǔ)時(shí)，Shenzhenisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.主句是therebe句型時(shí)，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that不用whichThereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一個(gè)從句的關(guān)系代詞已用which，另外一個(gè)要用thatThecountrybuiltupafactorywhichproducesthingsthathaveneverbeenseenbefore.Whowhich練一練1.Weshoulddoeverything_________isgoodforourstudies.2.Youcantakeanyseat__________isfree.3.Thisistheonlything_________wecando.4.Theisthefirstplace__________Iwanttovisit.5.Thisisthemostinterestingbook_________Ihaveeverread.6.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons__________wewereinterestedin.7.Thereislittle___________Icandotomakeupforthelosttime.8.Ourschoolisnolongertheplace__________itusedtobe.thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat（二）關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1．a(chǎn)s和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.2.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用_________Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.which3.當(dāng)先行詞受such,thesame修飾時(shí)，常用_______(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：當(dāng)先行詞由thesame修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的從句意思不同(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.她穿著她在Mary婚禮上穿過(guò)的一條裙子。(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。as4.在引導(dǎo)詞＋be＋done結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用as，其意思往往是“正如…一樣”常見固定用法asiswellknown,asisoftenthecase,asoftenhappens,ashasbeensaidbefore,ashasbeenpointedout,ascanbeseen等常用asThematerialresistsheat，__________wasshownintheexperiment.5.從句內(nèi)容為否定意義時(shí)，常用___________;HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon'tbelieve.aswhich以theway為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句theway做先行詞時(shí),先看后面定語(yǔ)從句中是否缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ):缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ):----引導(dǎo)詞用______________________(缺賓語(yǔ)時(shí))主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)都不缺:-----引導(dǎo)詞用_______________________Theway___________________________heansweredthequestionwassurprising.Theway_________________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(四)but有時(shí)也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(1)Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon't)That/whichThat/inwhich/--That/inwhich/--that/which(五)區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句

1．定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是_________關(guān)系；同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是______________的關(guān)系(1)ThetyphoonthathitFujianlastweekwascalledMeranti._________從句(2)ThefactthattheyoungfilmstarQiaoRenliangkilledhimselfismournful.___________從句2．定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時(shí)可以省略；同位語(yǔ)從句主要由________引導(dǎo)，在句中一般