考研考博-英語-廣東金融學院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東金融學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.填空題

AHaveyouseenmydictionary?Ican’tfindit（1）.

BIsthatitovertherebythedoor?

CItis!I（2）haveleftitthereyesterdayafternoonaswewereleavingfortheday.

句意:

你有看見我的字典嗎？我到處都找不到它。

在門口的那個是你的字典不？

是的！在昨天下午我們放學時，我有可能把它放在那里了。

【答案】1.anywhere

2.probably

【解析】1.語義題。anywhere:任何地方，到處。

2.語法題。副詞修飾動詞left（動詞leave的過去分詞）。

2.單選題

TheUnitedNationLawoftheSeaConferencewouldsoonproduceanocean-miningtreaty

followingits（）declarationin1970thatoceansweretheheritageofmankind.

問題1選項

A.unanimous

B.abstract

C.autonomous

D.almighty

【答案】A

【解析】固定用法。unanimous意見一致的，無異議的；abstract抽象的；autonomous自

治的；almighty全能的。unanimous與declaration連用,表示達成一致的聲明。

3.單選題

Throughmicroscopespeoplecanseeobjectsthatare______tothenakedeyes.

問題1選項

A.invisible

B.invincible

C.incredible

D.impassable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項invisible“無形的，看不見的”，B項invincible“無敵的，不能征服的”，C項incredible“不能相信的，難以置信的”，D項impassable“不能通行的，無路可通的”。根據(jù)句子意思“通過顯微鏡，人們可以看到對肉眼來說……物體”可知，A項符合句意。句意：通過顯微鏡人們可以看到肉眼看不見的東西。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

4.單選題

Comparedtotheangry,blamingAmericanstance,theChinesewereparagonsofcompromise,findingfaultonbothsidesandlookingforsolutionsthatmovedbothsidestothemiddle.

問題1選項

A.facilitators

B.inheritors

C.predecessors

D.models

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。橫線單詞paragons意為“模范；完美之物”；A選項“facilitators”意為“服務商；促進者”；B選項“inheritors”意為“繼承人；后繼者”；C選項“predecessors”意為“前任，前輩”；D選項“models”意為“模型；典型；模范；樣式”。句意：與美國人憤怒、指責的立場相比，中國人是和解的典范，他們會發(fā)現(xiàn)雙方的問題，尋找能讓雙方走到中間的方案。由題干可知，lookingforsolutionsthatmovedbothsidestothemiddle（尋找能讓雙方和解的方案）說明中國一貫的做法都是妥協(xié)，尋找讓雙方和解的方法?？赏茰y出中國是和解的典范。由此可知，paragons在此處最可能是“模范”的意思。因此D選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Itwasbynomeanseasytoworkforapresidentwhodemandedsecuritybeyondwhatwasreally（）.

問題1選項

A.calledfor

B.calledforth

C.calledup

D.calledat

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項callfor“要求、提倡”；B選項callforth“喚起、鼓起”；C選項callup“召集、征召”；D選項callat“訪問、拜訪”，句意為：在這樣一位要求安全措施超出實際要求的總統(tǒng)手下工作絕非易事。callfor“要求、提倡”符合題意，因此選A。

6.單選題

Itisnot（

）muchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.

問題1選項

A.that

B.as

C.so

D.very

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這本書的語言不如背景讓其難以理解。

固定搭配。notsoas“不如”。由句中關鍵詞“not”與“as”的對應知這里表示一種否定的同級比較，故C項“so”正確。

7.單選題

Thisticket（）youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.

問題1選項

A.gives

B.grants

C.entitles

D.credits

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。根據(jù)句意：這張票使你有資格在我們新開的餐館享受一頓免費的用餐。C選項entitle“使某人有...權利或資格”，后常接介詞to意為“擁有...的權利”，符合語境；A選項give和B選項grant都有“授予”的意思，但接sb.的時候后不接介詞，而是give/grantsb.sth.，所以均不正確；D選項credit做動詞意為“相信，把...歸給”，不符合語境。所以本題選C。

8.單選題

Acameratakeslightrays（

）offsubjectsandfocusesthemonasheetoffilm.

問題1選項

A.disguised

B.defined

C.bounced

D.incorporated

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項disguise“掩飾，隱瞞，偽裝”；B選項define“定義，規(guī)定”；C選項bounce“彈跳”；D選項incorporate“包含，合并”。句意：照相機捕捉物體反射的光線，并將其聚焦在一張膠片上。bounceoff意為“彈開，反彈”，這里指反射光線，所以選項C符合句意。

9.單選題

Theirdefenderssaytheyaremotivated,versatileworkerswhoarejustwhatcompaniesneedinthesedifficulttimes.Toothers,however,themembersofGenerationY—thoseborninthe1980sand1990sotherwiseknownastheNetGeneration—arespoiled,narcissisticidlerswhocannotspellandwastetoomuchtimeoninstantmessagingandFacebook.Ah,replytheNetGenres,butallthatmessingaroundonlineprovesthatwearecomputer-literatemulti-taskerswhoareskillfulusersofonlinecollaborativetoolsandnaturalteamplayers.And,while,youareonthesubjectofme,Ineedamonth’svacationtoreconsidermypersonalgoal.

Thiscultureclashhasbeengoingoninmanyorganizationsandhaslatelyseepedintomanagementbooks.TheNetGenershavegrownupwithcomputers;theyarebrimmingwithself-confidence;andtheyhavebeenencouragedtochallengereceivedwisdom,tofindtheirownsolutionstoproblemsandtotreatworkasaroutetopersonalfulfillmentratherthanmerelyawayofputtingfoodonthetable.Notallofthismakesthemeasytomanage.Bossescomplainthatafterachildhoodofbeingspoiledandpraised,NetGenersdemandfarmorefrequentfeedbackandanover-precisesetofobjectivesonthepathofpromotion.InanewreportfromPriceewaterhouseCoopers,aconsultancy,61%ofchiefexecutivessaytheyhavetroublerecruitingandintegratingyoungeremployees.

Forthosehard-to-pleaseoldermanagers,thecurrentrecessionisthejoyfulequivalentofhidinganalarmclockinasleepingteenagers'bedroom.Onceagain,thetouchy-feelymanagementfashionsthatalwaysspringupinyearsofplentyarebeingditchedinfavorofmorebrutalcommand-and-controlmethodsHavinggrownupingoodtimes,NetGenershavelaboredundertheillusionthattheworldowedthemaliving.Buthoppingbetweenjobstofindonethatmeetsyourinnerspiritualneedsisnotsoeasywhentherearenojobstohopto.Andasforthatvacation:here'sapermanentone,sunshine.

Infact,compromisewillbenecessaryonbothsides.NetGenerswillcertainlyhavetolowersomeoftheirexpectationsandtaketheworldasitis,notastheywouldlikeittobe.Buttheirolderbossesshouldalsobepreparedtomakeconcessions.Theeconomywilleventuallyrecoveranddemographictrendsinmostrichcountrieswillmakecleveryoungworkersevenmorevaluable.Besides,manyofthethingsthatKeepNetGenershappyareworthdoinganyway.Butforthemomentatleast,theFacebookersareunderheavycriticism.

1.IntheeyesofthecriticsoftheNetGeneration,theNetGenersarecharacterizedas（）.

2.AccordingtoPara.2,NetGenersarenoteasytomanageinthat（）.

3.Theword“touchy-feely"inPara.3mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves（）.

5.Whatistheauthors’attitudetowardsNetGeners?

問題1選項

A.accomplishedandcompetent

B.smartandflexible

C.self-centeredandindulged

D.selfishanduncooperative

問題2選項

A.they'veattachedtoomuchimportancetothepersonalfulfillment

B.they'vebeencourageousenoughtochallengetheirbosses

C.they’vehadexcessiveconfidenceinthemselves

D.they'verequiredexcessiveresponsesandgoals

問題3選項

A.sensitiveandcaring

B.coldandbloody

C.lazyandreckless

D.funnyandinteresting

問題4選項

A.NetGenersshouldgiveuptheirexpectations

B.olderbossesshouldgivetheNetGenerswhatevertheywant

C.bothNetGenersandbossesshouldfacethereality

D.bothNetGenersandbossesshouldlearntoconcede

問題5選項

A.Supportive.

B.Objective.

C.Biased.

D.Pessimistic.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Toothers,however,themembersofGenerationY—thoseborninthe1980sand1990sotherwiseknownastheNetGeneration-arespoiled,narcissisticidlerswhocannotspellandwastetoomuchtimeoninstantmessagingandFacebook.然而，對另一些人來說，y一代(出生于80年代和90年代的人，也被稱為網(wǎng)絡一代)是被寵壞的、自戀的游手好閑者，他們不會拼寫，在即時通訊和Facebook上浪費了太多時間?！笨芍谂姓哐壑校W(wǎng)絡一代是被寵壞的，并且是自戀的游手好閑者。故C項正確。且在批判者眼中，網(wǎng)絡一代自然是有缺點的，故應該用貶義詞，排除AB兩項。D項“自私的和不配合的”與文中所述內(nèi)容不符。

第2題:2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段“Notallofthismakesthemeasytomanage.Bossescomplainthatafterachildhoodofbeingspoiledandpraised,NetGenersdemandfarmorefrequentfeedbackandanover-precisesetofobjectivesonthepathofpromotion.并不是所有這些都使它們易于管理。老板們抱怨說，在經(jīng)歷了被寵壞和表揚的童年后，網(wǎng)絡一代要求在晉升的道路上有更頻繁的反饋和一套過于精確的目標。由此可知網(wǎng)絡一代難于管理的原因在于他們在職場晉升之路上要求更頻繁的反饋并且需要精確的目標。故D項正確，D項的response和goals是對原文中的feedback以及objectives的同義轉換。

第3題:3.詞義題。由Onceagain,thetouchy-feelymanagementfashionsthatalwaysspringupinyearsofplentyarebeingditchedinfavorofmorebrutalcommand-and-controlmethods.再一次，在經(jīng)濟充裕的年份里總是涌現(xiàn)出的____的管理潮流正在被拋棄，取而代之的是更為殘酷的命令與控制方式。由“morebrutalcommand-and-control更為殘酷的命令和控制”可推知被拋棄的“touch-feelymanagement”的意思應與其相反，應為“人性化”的管理。再從touchy-feely單詞本身也可猜測出該詞與感覺有關。故A項正確。

第4題:4.細節(jié)事實題。由最后一段Infact,compromisewillbenecessaryonbothsides.NetGenerswillcertainlyhavetolowersomeoftheirexpectationsandtaketheworldasitis,notastheywouldlikeittobe.Buttheirolderbossesshouldalsobepreparedtomakeconcessions.事實上，雙方都有必要妥協(xié)。網(wǎng)絡一代應該降低他們的一些期望，接受世界的現(xiàn)狀，而不是他們所希望的樣子。但是他們的老上司也應該做好讓步的準備?？芍髡哒J為雙方都應該做一些讓步。故D項正確，concede是concessions的同義詞。

第5題:5.觀點態(tài)度題。縱觀全文，本文開頭作者提到了贊成者和批判者對網(wǎng)絡一代的看法，接著作者列舉了網(wǎng)絡一代的優(yōu)點和缺點，最后提出解決措施。故作者的態(tài)度應當是客觀的。supportive支持的；objective客觀的；biased有偏見的；pessimistic悲觀的。B項正確。

10.單選題

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeantheunitingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchywhenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarized,asitwas.FollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs'continuingpopularityasheadsofstates.Andso;theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdomsnotcountingVaticancityandAndorra.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectablepublicfigure.

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside,symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory―andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday―embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThornesPikettyandotherecumenistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticfamiliesandshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princeandprincesshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchyreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-healed)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskingsofrepublicanswhoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlofSpain（

）.

2.MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

4.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

問題1選項

A.usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport

B.wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

C.endedhisreigninembarrassment

D.easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

問題2選項

A.owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

B.toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

C.togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto

D.duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

問題3選項

A.Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth

B.Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies

C.Theroleofthenobilityinmodemdemocracies

D.Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges

問題4選項

A.takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues

B.failstochangehislifestyleasadvised

C.takesrepublicansashispotentialallies

D.failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole

問題5選項

A.Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

B.Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

C.Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

D.Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown(然而在近來歐洲選舉中所留下的令人尷尬的丑聞和共和黨人的聲望卻迫使他食言而退位)。由此可知C項“尷尬地結束自己的統(tǒng)治”正確。

2.判斷推理題。第三段指出:Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs'continuingpopularityasheadsofstates(這種明顯的政治超越解釋了君主們作為國家元首的持續(xù)受歡迎)。...mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectablepublicfigure.……(大多數(shù)皇室幸存的原因是他們讓選民避免困難地去尋找沒有爭議但卻可敬重的公眾人物)。由此可知A項“由于他們無疑問且可敬重的地位”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:...itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticfamiliesandshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodemdemocraticstates(奇怪的是富有的貴族家鹿應該仍然是現(xiàn)代民主家庭和國家的象征性核心),由此可知C項“貴族在現(xiàn)代民主政治中的角色”正確。

4.推理判斷題。最后一段指出:ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld(危險將從查爾斯（王子）開始，他有一種奢華的生活品味，且對世界有著相當?shù)燃壷贫鹊挠^點)?？赏浦狟項“未能按照建議來改變自己的生活方式”正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章第二段指出:.事實上當公眾輿論特別兩極分化時，西班牙國王退位的例子為支持和反對君主政治提供了論據(jù)。而且后續(xù)段落圍繞“歐洲君主們應對君主政體所面臨的危機而采取的方式”可推知B項“對所有歐洲君主們而言是一個教訓的西班牙國王胡安?卡洛斯”比較適合作文章標題。

11.單選題

Diseaseisafluidconceptinfluencedbysocietalandculturalattitudesthatchangediachronicallyinresponsetonewscientificandmedicaldiscoveries.Historically,doctorsdefinedadiseaseaccordingtoaclusterofsymptoms,andastheirclinicaldescriptionsbecamemoresophisticatedtheystartedtoclassifydiseasesintoseparategroups,sothatfromthismedicaltaxonomycamenewinsightsintodiseaseetiology.Beforethe20thcentury,schizophreniaandsyphiliticinsanityweretreatedasthesamedisease,butbyearly1900itbecameevidentthatpsychoseswithoutassociateddementiarepresentedaseparatediseaseforwhichthetermschizophreniawasthencoined.Thedefinitionofschizophreniacontinuestoevolvefromthepsychiatricdiseaseofthe1960stoanillnesswithasuspectedgeneticetiology,thoughtheexistenceofsuchanetiologyremainsuncertain.Whileanoptimistichuntisstillonforthegenesinvolved,wemustcontinuetodefineschizophreniaintermsofthepresenceorabsenceof“positive”and“negative”symptoms.

Labelingsomeoneasdiseased,however,hasenormousindividual,social,financial,andphysicimplications,forirrespectiveofdiseasesymptoms,thelabelitselfmayleadtosignificantdistress.Individualswithasymptomaticconditions,includinggeneticvariations,maybeperceivedbythemselvesorothersashavingadisease.Itisnotthatlabelingsomeoneasdiseasedisalwayspositive—itdoeshavesevereramifications,affectingdecisionstohavechildrenorresultinginunjusttreatmentbylife,medical,anddisabilityinsurers—butitcanbebeneficial,legitimizingsymptoms,clarifyingissuesofpersonalresponsibility,andimprovingaccessibilitytohealthcare.Nevertheless,deviationsfromnormalthatarenotassociatedwithriskshouldnotbeconsideredsynonymouswithdisease.Twoschools—nominalistandessentialistorreductionist-havedebatedtheclinicalcriteriausedtolabelapatientasdiseased.Nominalistslabelsymptomswithadiseasename,suchasschizophrenia,anddonotofferanexplanationoftheunderlyingetiology,whileessentialistscontendthatforeverydiseasethereisanunderlyingpathologicaletiology,andnowarguethattheessentiallesiondefiningthediseasestateisageneticabnormality.

Ithasbeensuggestedthatdiseasesdefinedaccordingtotheessentialisttraditionmaybepreciselywrong,whereasthosedefinedinthenominalisttraditionalmayberoughlyaccurate.Butinlabelingadiseasestate,wemustconsiderboththephenotype(symptoms)orthegenotype(geneticabnormality),foradverseconsequences,whilethelatterhelpssuggestspecificgeneticorpharmacologictherapies.Thus,bothclinicalcriteriaandgeneticabnormalitiesshouldbeusedtodefineadiseasestate,andthechoiceofadiseasedefinitionwillvaryaccordingtowhatonewishestoachieve,thegeneticcounselingoffamilymembersortheeffectivetreatmentofthepatient.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorconsidersthewayschizophreniahasbeenclassifiedbydoctorsafter1960stobeanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?

3.Accordingtothepassage,anadherentofthe“nominalistschool'wouldclassifyararenewfeverinwhichofthefollowingways?

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthelastparagraphinrelationtothepassageasawhole?

5.Itcanbeinferredthatwhichofthefollowingsituationsislikelytobemostproblematictoanadherentofthe“essentialist”methodofpathologicaltaxonomy?

問題1選項

A.proposingareturntoatraditionaltaxonomicalsystem

B.describingawaytoresolveataxonomicaldilemma

C.assessingthesuccessofanewtaxonomicalmethod

D.predictingachangeinfuturetaxonomy

問題2選項

A.Adiseasewhichresistedtraditionalmethodsofclassification,buthasbeenservedwellbymodernmethodsofclassification.

B.Adiseasewhichhasresistedmodernmethodsofclassification,andcontinuestorequireatraditionalmethodofclassification.

C.Adiseasewhichsatisfiesmodernmethodsofclassificationbest,butwhichscientistsprefertoclassifythroughatraditionalmethod.

D.Adiseasewhichsatisfiestraditionalmethodsofclassificationbest,butwhichscientistsprefertoclassifythroughamodernmethod.

問題3選項

A.Shewouldwaituntilthediseaseappearsinotherpatients,thenclassifyitbyestablishingvariationsintheirsymptoms.

B.Shewoulddeterminewhetherthediseaseisacquiredorgenetic,thenclassifyitaccordingly.

C.Shewouldisolatethebacteriaorvirusorgeneticanomalywhichcausesthedisease,thenclassifyitaccordingly.

D.Shewoulddescribethepatient’ssymptoms,comparethemtopatientswhohavehadsimilarsymptoms,thentreatthepatternasadisease.

問題4選項

A.Itsummarizesthebenefitsthatmayaccruefromaperfectedsystemofpathologicaltaxonomy.

B.Itprovidesadditionalreasonswhypathologicaltaxonomyisadifficultendeavor.

C.Itarguesforasynthesisoftwomethodsofpathologicaltaxonomyalreadyinuse.

D.Itcontinuestohighlightthedifferencesbetweentwomethodsoftaxonomicalpathologicaltaxonomy.

問題5選項

A.Apatientsufferingfromfever,inwhichthevirusthatisapparentlyresponsibleforthesymptomshasnotbeenisolated.

B.Apatientsufferingfromlunginflammationwhich,thoughresemblingotherinflammations,doesnotrespondtoanyknowntreatments.

C.Apatientsufferingfromageneticanomalywhosecausemaybeknownbutwhoseconsequencesremainunidentified.

D.Acaseofapatientwithsymptomsthatmayhavearisenfromtwoknowndiseasesofdifferentsources.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章第一二段提到在確診疾病的依據(jù)時，有兩個不同的派別：唯名論者（nominalist）和本質主義者（essentialist），前者用疾病名稱來標記癥狀（Nominalistslabelsymptomswithadiseasename），后者認為每一種疾病都有病理病因（Whileessentialistscontendthatforeverydiseasethereisanunderlyingpathologicaletiology）；文章在最后一段提出在確診時，臨床癥狀和基因都應該考慮（Butinlabelingadiseasestate,wemustconsiderboththephenotype(symptoms)orthegenotype(geneticabnormality)），選項B“提出一種解決疾病分類進退兩難處境的方法”符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句話提到“對精神分裂癥的定義從20世紀60年代的精神疾病演變成一種疑似遺傳病因的疾病，盡管這種病因還不確定”（Thedefinitionofschizophreniacontinuestoevolvefromthepsychiatricdiseaseofthe1960stoanillnesswithasuspectedgeneticetiology,thoughtheexistenceofsuchanetiologyremainsuncertain），由此可知選項D“一種滿足傳統(tǒng)分類方法的疾病，但是科學家更愿意通過現(xiàn)代方法來分類”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。文章第二段提到“唯名論者用疾病名稱來標記各類癥狀，例如精神分裂癥，并且沒有對潛在的病因作任何解釋”（Nominalistslabelsymptomswithadiseasename,suchasschizophrenia,anddonotofferanexplanationoftheunderlyingetiology），選項D“她會描述患者的癥狀，跟那些有同樣癥狀的病人比較，然后將他們定義為患同一種疾病”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到“但是在確診一種疾病時，臨床癥狀和基因異常都應該被考慮在內(nèi)”（Butinlabelingadiseasestate,wemustconsiderboththephenotype(symptoms)orthegenotype(geneticabnormality)），由此可知選項C“提出綜合兩種正在使用的病理分類方法”符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。文章第二段的最后提到“然后本質主義者認為每種疾病都有一個病理學上的病因，而且現(xiàn)在認為決定病情最本質的病變是基因異?！保╳hileessentialistscontendthatforeverydiseasethereisanunderlyingpathologicaletiology,andnowarguethattheessentiallesiondefiningthediseasestateisageneticabnormality），選項A“一名明顯是由病毒感染而引起發(fā)燒的病人”符合題意。

12.單選題

Theelectricshaver（）beforeitcanbeused.

問題1選項

A.needsrepairing

B.shouldbeinrepair

C.hastoberepairable

D.mustrepair

【答案】A

【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。electricshaver和repair是被動的關系，電動刮胡刀只能被修。A選項need做實義動詞時，主語若是物，動詞則要用動名詞或不定式的被動形式作賓語，故A選項正確。B、C、D選項均沒有被動意義。句意：電動剃須刀需要修理才能使用。因此,本題的正確答案是A選項。

13.單選題

Lane（

）musicassoonasshelearnedaboutit,asifitwasintendedforher.

問題1選項

A.tookfor

B.tookafter

C.tookto

D.tookon

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。takefor意為“認為，當作”；takeafter意為“長得像，與相像”；taketo意為“喜歡，習慣于，開始從事”；takeon意為“承擔，接受”。

句意：萊尼一學習音樂就喜歡上了它，就好像它是為她準備的。

14.單選題

Onlytakesuchclothes（

）reallynecessary.

問題1選項

A.aswere

B.astheyare

C.astheywere

D.asare

【答案】D

15.單選題

Theboydivedintothewaterandafter（

）seemedtobealongtime,hecameupagain.

問題1選項

A.what

B.that

C.it

D.which

【答案】A

【解析】考查賓語從句的用法。After后面部分有單獨的謂語部分seemed，因此after后面接賓語從句，從句中缺少主語成分。四個選項中只有A選項what可在賓語從句中充當主語成分。

16.單選題

Thisisthemilitary______.Nobodyisallowedtogetinwithoutpermission.

問題1選項

A.bond

B.zone

C.butter

D.zoo

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項bond“紐帶”；B選項zone“（有某特色或作用的）地區(qū)”；C選項butter“黃油”；D選項zoo“動物園”。句意：這是軍事______。未經(jīng)允許，任何人不得入內(nèi)。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是不得進入一個區(qū)域，B選項zone“有某特色或作用的）地區(qū)”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

17.單選題

Thoughthepoliciesofracial（

）hadbeenabolished,manywhitesintheSouthwerestilldubiousaboutthesafetyofthecommunities.

問題1選項

A.segregation

B.regulations

C.communism

D.extinction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。segregation“分離；隔離”；regulations“［管理］條例；章則”；communism“共產(chǎn)主義”；extinction“滅絕；消失”。句意：盡管種族隔離制度已經(jīng)被廢除，但是南方很多白人仍然質疑社區(qū)的安全。選項A符合題意。

18.單選題

Itistruethat____awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.

問題1選項

A.multiplying

B.breeding

C.magnifying

D.generating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析與上下文語義。A選項multiply“使大幅增加”；B選項breed“培養(yǎng)；培育（動植物）”；C選項magnify“放大；夸贊；夸大”；D選項generate“使形成；產(chǎn)生（電等能量）”。句意：確實____一種野生植物變成像小麥這樣的主要糧食作物需要大量的研究時間。原文表達的是通過研究把野生植物培育成糧食作物，B選項breed“培養(yǎng)；培育（動植物）”最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項為B。

19.單選題

Whenhewasindanger,nobodycametohis____.

問題1選項

A.help

B.safety

C.assist

D.rescue

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.help幫助v./n.B.safety安全n.

C.assist幫助v.；助攻n.D.rescue救援v./n.

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】由空格前的his可知，空格處所填詞為名詞；原句語義為“當他有危險的時候，沒有人來____他”，根據(jù)語義推測，有危險的時候需要救助，“沒有人來救他”語義最貼切；另外，常用搭配cometoone’srescue表示“營救某人”。因此，D選項rescue“救援v./n.”符合要求。

【干擾項排除】

A選項help“幫助v./n.”，沒有救助、救援語義貼切；

B選項safety“安全n.”，不符合原句語義搭配；

C選項assist意義為“幫助”時，是動詞，不符合要求；當名詞時，意義為“助攻”，不符合原句語義搭配。

【句意】當他有危險的時候，沒有人來救他。

20.單選題

Weshouldbejudgedbythequalityofourproductsandthevalueinvestors___fromthem.

問題1選項

A.deride

B.derive

C.elude

D.evade

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項deride“嘲笑；嘲弄”；B選項derive“源于；得自；獲得”；C選項elude“（尤指機智地，巧妙地）避開，逃避，躲避；使無法得到；使無法達到；使不記得；使不理解”；D選項evade“逃避；規(guī)避；逃脫”。句意：我們應該根據(jù)我們產(chǎn)品的質量和投資者從中___的價值來判斷。本句表達“投資者從中獲得的價值”，因此B選項正確。

21.單選題

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?

2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?

3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’scompetitiveadvantageis（）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.

B.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthanequipment.

C.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees’ownbusiness.

D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.

問題2選項

A.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.

C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutivesinthefirms.

D.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirms.

問題3選項

A.workerswhocanoperatenewequipment