考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華東理工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華東理工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

OverthecenturiesboththeNileandthedesertsandsimperceptiblyshifted,andthistemplewaslosttotheworlduntil1813,whenitwasaccidentallyrediscoveredbytheSwissexplorerJean-LouisBurckhardt.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enormously

B.unstably

C.progressively

D.unnoticeably

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.enormously非常，極其B.unstably不穩(wěn)定地

C.progressively持續(xù)穩(wěn)定地，逐步地D.unnoticeably不知不覺(jué)地，不易察覺(jué)地

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】imperceptibly的意思為“難以察覺(jué)地，不知不覺(jué)地”，這里指尼羅河和沙漠的流沙都在不知不覺(jué)中移動(dòng)，unnoticeably與之詞義相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，尼羅河和沙漠的流沙都在不知不覺(jué)中移動(dòng)，這座寺廟就這樣消失了，直到1813年才被瑞士探險(xiǎn)家Jean-LouisBurckhardt意外地重新發(fā)現(xiàn)。

2.單選題

Atfirst,theresultsoftheexperimentseemed（）butfinallyapatternemerged.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fine

B.grave

C.genuine

D.haphazard

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：起初，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果似乎是偶然的，但最終出現(xiàn)了一種模式。因此選D。

3.單選題

Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.Forexample,insomesocieties,thenuclearfamilyistheunitthatregularlyeatstogether.TheanthropologistMaryDouglashaspointedoutthat,fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.Shedistinguishesbetweenregularmeals,Sundaymealswhenrelativesmaycome,andcocktailpartiesforacquaintances.Thefoodservedsymbolizestheoccasionandreflectswhoispresent.Forexample,onlysnacksareservedatacocktailparty.Itwouldbeinappropriatetoserveasteakorhamburgers.Thedistinctionsamongcocktails,regularmeals,andspecialdinnersmarkthesocialboundariesbetweenthoseguestswhoareinvitedfordrinks,thosewhoareinvitedtodinner,andthosewhocometoafamilymeal.Inthisexample,thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.

InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.Thementaketheirmealsinamen’shouse,separatelyfromtheirwivesandchildren.Womenprepareandeattheirfoodintheirownhousesandtakethehusband’sportiontothemen’shouse.Thewomeneatwiththeirchildrenintheirownhouses.ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.

Eatingisametaphorthatissometimesusedtosignifymarriage.InmanyNewGuineasocieties,likethatoftheLesuontheislandofNewIrelandinthePacificandthatoftheTrobriandIslanders,marriageissymbolizedbythecouple’seatingtogetherforthefirsttime.Eatingsymbolizestheirnewstatusasamarriedcouple.InU.S.society,itisjustthereverse.Acouplemaygoouttodinneronafirstdate.

Otherculturalruleshavetodowithtaboosagainsteatingcertainthings.Insomesocieties,membersofaclan,atypeofkin(family)group,arenotallowedtoeattheanimalorbirdthatistheirtotemicancestor.Sincetheybelievethemselvestobedescendedfromthatancestor,itwouldbelikeeatingthatancestororeatingthemselves.

Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.Acastesystemconsistsofrankedgroups,eachwithadifferenteconomicspecialization.InIndia,thereisanassociationbetweencasteandtheideaofpollution.Membersofhighlyrankedgroupscanbepollutedbycomingintocontactwiththebodilysecretions,particularlysaliva,ofindividualsoflower-rankedcastes.Becauseofthefearofpollution,Brahmansandotherhigh-rankedindividualswillnotsharefoodwith,noteatfromthesameplateas,notevenacceptfoodfromanindividualorfromalow-rankingcaste.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theEnglishmakecleardistinctionsbetween（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whowillNOTeattogether?

3.Accordingtothepassage,eatingtogetherindicatesallthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.ThelastparagraphsuggeststhatinIndia（）decideshowpeopleeat.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetopicofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewhoeattogether

B.thekindsoffoodserved

C.familymembersandguests

D.snacksandhamburgers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheEnglish.

B.Americansontheirfirstdate.

C.MenandwomeninNearEasternsocieties.

D.Newly-wedsontheislandofNewIreland.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thetypeoffood

B.socialrelations

C.maritalstatus

D.familyties

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.pollution

B.food

C.culture

D.socialstatus

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Differentkindsoffoodintheworld.

B.Cultureandmannersofeating.

C.Symbolicmeaningsoffoodconsumption.

D.Relationsbetweenfoodandsocialunits.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是：英國(guó)人將什么進(jìn)行了明確的區(qū)分？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theEnglish”定位到第一段第四句fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.（對(duì)英國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，食物的種類和供應(yīng)的食物與一起吃飯的人們之間的社會(huì)聯(lián)系有關(guān)。）再根據(jù)后面的舉例以及本段最后一句thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.（食物的種類象征著客人的類別以及和誰(shuí)一起吃。）由此可知，英國(guó)人對(duì)于供應(yīng)食物的種類做了明確的區(qū)分，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是：哪些人不會(huì)在一起吃飯？原文第二段首句提及InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.（在一些新幾內(nèi)亞社會(huì)，小家庭通常是不會(huì)一起吃飯的。）后面進(jìn)行了舉例，男性通常和他們的妻子孩子分開(kāi)吃飯。以及本段最后一句也提及ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.（這種模式在近東社會(huì)中也很普遍。）由此可知，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是：下面哪一個(gè)不是一起吃飯所表明的信息？根據(jù)原文的內(nèi)容可知，第一段提到了社會(huì)關(guān)系，第二段提到了家庭關(guān)系，第三段提到了婚姻關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)B、C、D均正確，只有選項(xiàng)A不是“eatingtogether”所表明的事情，所以本題選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是：最后一段表明，印度的什么決定了人們?cè)趺闯?？根?jù)最后一段首句Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.（食物禁忌和等級(jí)之間也有聯(lián)系，這在印度的種姓制度中表現(xiàn)得最為極端。）由此可知，印度的社會(huì)地位決定了人們?cè)趺闯?。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.主旨大意題。原文第一段的第一、二句為本文的主題句Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.（文化規(guī)則決定了食物消費(fèi)的方方面面。誰(shuí)在一起吃飯定義了社會(huì)群體。）由此可知，本文主要是講食物和社會(huì)群體的關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.單選題

Whendepartmentstoreshaveanoversupplyofgoods,theyfrequently（）pricestoencouragesales.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceal

B.review

C.damage

D.reduce

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conceal“隱藏；隱瞞”；B選項(xiàng)review“回顧；檢查；復(fù)審”；C選項(xiàng)damage“損害，毀壞”D選項(xiàng)reduce“減少；降低”。句意：當(dāng)百貨公司的商品供過(guò)于求時(shí)，他們經(jīng)常降價(jià)以促進(jìn)銷量?？崭裉巹?dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是“價(jià)格”，根據(jù)后面的“以促進(jìn)銷量”可知D項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.翻譯題

1.（）（他們的獨(dú)生兒子從未想過(guò)）toleavethemandstrikeoutonhisownthoughheisinhislatetwenties.

2.Beforeyoutakeanyaction,pleaserememberto（）（權(quán)衡你的決定會(huì)產(chǎn)生的后果）.

3.Heassuredhisfriendthatundernocircumstances（）（他會(huì)違背還錢的承諾）.

4.Mosteducatorsadvisethatkids（）（不要沉溺于電腦游戲）.

5.Businessmajorasheis,hehas（）（從未考慮過(guò)從事推銷員工作）.

【答案】1.（Theironlysonhasneverthought）（他們的獨(dú)生兒子從未想過(guò)）toleavethemandstrikeoutonhisownthoughheisinhislatetwenties.

2.Beforeyoutakeanyaction,pleaserememberto（weighyourdecisionagainstitspossibleconsequences）（權(quán)衡你的決定會(huì)產(chǎn)生的后果）.

3.Heassuredhisfriendthatundernocircumstances（

wouldhebreak/breachhispromise/commitmenttopaybackthemoney）（他會(huì)違背還錢的承諾）.

4.Mosteducatorsadvisethatkids（shouldnotbeaddictedtocomputergames./shouldnotindulgethemselvesincomputergames/shouldnotabandonthemselvestocomputergames）（不要沉溺于電腦游戲）.

5.Businessmajorasheis,hehas（neverconsideredworkingasasalesman）（從未考慮過(guò)從事推銷員工作）.

6.單選題

Hewasregretfuloverhisimpracticalgoalwhichjustturnedouttobea___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mirage

B.miracle

C.migrate

D.mirador

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mirage“海市蜃樓；幻想，妄想”；B選項(xiàng)miracle“奇跡，奇跡般的人或物；驚人的事例”；C選項(xiàng)migrate“遷移；移民”；D選項(xiàng)mirador“凸窗（可眺望優(yōu)美景色）；塔樓”。句意：他對(duì)自己不切實(shí)際的目標(biāo)感到遺憾，因?yàn)槟侵皇莀__。本句表達(dá)“不切實(shí)際的目標(biāo)是海市蜃樓”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Oncethevice-chancellorofauniversityis（

）,hebeginshistermofoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.launched

B.commenced

C.inaugurated

D.initiated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。launch意為“發(fā)射”；commence意為“開(kāi)始，著手”；inaugurate意為“為（某人）舉行就職典禮，啟動(dòng)，開(kāi)創(chuàng)”；initiate意為“開(kāi)始，發(fā)起”。

句意：大學(xué)副校長(zhǎng)就職典禮一旦舉行，他就開(kāi)始了任期。

8.單選題

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals:theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass（theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter）offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators（animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals）inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.

Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatesupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytobebusiness.

1.Thewritermentionstheextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalstosuggestthat（）.

2.ItcanbeinferredformDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat（）.

3.Dr.Worm’scommentof“thesefiguresareconservative”（Line1,Paragraph3）means（）.

4.Dr.Myersandotherresearchersmaintainthat（）.

5.Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment

B.smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared

C.largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday

D.Slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold

B.thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%

C.thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount

D.thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesaretherewere15yearsago

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded

B.themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss

C.thedatacollectedsofarareoutofdate

D.fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetothechangingsituation

B.peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan'tworkforalongertime

C.fisheriesshouldkeeptheiryieldbelow50%ofthebiomass

D.theoceanbiomassshouldberestoredtoitsoriginallevel

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.technologicalapplication

B.managementefficiency

C.catch-sizelimits

D.biomasslevel

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息可定位到原文第一段。文章通過(guò)講述史前人類到達(dá)新地方時(shí)，大型動(dòng)物會(huì)突然滅絕，進(jìn)而引出討論的話題，即海洋生物也會(huì)在人類來(lái)臨之后面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。因此，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“…thebiomassoflargepredators（animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals）inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.”可知，一個(gè)新的漁場(chǎng)在被開(kāi)發(fā)后的15年中大型捕食類魚(yú)種的生物量平均減少了80%。在有些長(zhǎng)期捕撈的地區(qū)，自那以后，這個(gè)數(shù)量又減少了一半（剩余20%的一半），因此一共下降了90%；故B選項(xiàng)表述正確，其余選項(xiàng)均不能由他們的論文得出。故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文第三段。沃姆博士承認(rèn)論文中的數(shù)據(jù)是保守的，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在捕魚(yú)的技術(shù)已經(jīng)提高，已經(jīng)用上了衛(wèi)星和聲納定位，這些設(shè)備50年前是無(wú)法使用的。這就意味著現(xiàn)在海里有更高比例的海洋生物被捕撈了。以前一些抓不住的海洋生物現(xiàn)在都可以抓住了，以前被鯊魚(yú)搶走的，現(xiàn)在由于鯊魚(yú)都不見(jiàn)了，自然被捕撈的就更多了。由此可知，之前的那些數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文最后一段可知，兩位博士認(rèn)為，他們的工作給出了正確的基準(zhǔn)線，因?yàn)槿藗冎詻](méi)有察覺(jué)到海洋中發(fā)生的巨大變化是因?yàn)樗麄冎换仡櫫诉^(guò)去相對(duì)較短的一段時(shí)間，所以在未來(lái)的管理工作中要明確“移動(dòng)基準(zhǔn)線”的意義。因此，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)“人們要根據(jù)變化情況調(diào)整基準(zhǔn)線”。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段可知，當(dāng)目標(biāo)魚(yú)種的生物量約為其原始水平的50%時(shí)，漁場(chǎng)就可以收獲最大的可持續(xù)產(chǎn)量。而大多數(shù)漁場(chǎng)都遠(yuǎn)低于這一水平，這是一種糟糕的經(jīng)營(yíng)方式。由此可知，作者最關(guān)心的是漁場(chǎng)的可持續(xù)產(chǎn)量，也就是關(guān)心biomasslevel（生態(tài)量）。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

9.寫(xiě)作題

Youareveryhappywhenyougetthenewsthatyourfriendhasbeenpromoted.Writealitterofcongratulationandencouragehim/hertokeepup.

Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonAnswerSheet2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiTao"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress,butpayattentiontotheformofletterwriting

【答案】略

10.翻譯題

20世紀(jì)，人類創(chuàng)造的物質(zhì)文明和精神財(cái)富，超過(guò)了以往任何一個(gè)時(shí)代。令人遺憾的是，人類在這100年中也經(jīng)歷了前所未有的苦難，特別是遭受了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的浩劫。但是世界的歷史從來(lái)是由世界人民創(chuàng)造和書(shū)寫(xiě)的，因而正義總會(huì)戰(zhàn)勝邪惡，光明總會(huì)戰(zhàn)勝黑暗，進(jìn)步總會(huì)戰(zhàn)勝落后，人類必然會(huì)不斷地克服艱難險(xiǎn)阻，向著美好的未來(lái)開(kāi)拓前進(jìn)。在21世紀(jì)，世界人民雖然仍面臨著許多嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，可人類也面臨著巨大的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。只要世界人民同心協(xié)力，形成戰(zhàn)勝一切挑戰(zhàn)的巨大力量，人類文明進(jìn)步的航船就必將乘風(fēng)破浪地前進(jìn)。

世界是豐富多彩的。各國(guó)人民走過(guò)了不同的歷史發(fā)展道路，有著不同的文化背景、社會(huì)制度和價(jià)值觀念，延續(xù)著不同的生活方式。這種多樣性正是世界充滿競(jìng)賽、活力和創(chuàng)新的根本原因。各國(guó)之間應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)交流和了解，在相互尊重和平等相待的基礎(chǔ)上共同前進(jìn)，而不應(yīng)讓這種多樣性成為阻礙各國(guó)人民攜手共進(jìn)的隔閡，更不應(yīng)人為地從中挑起對(duì)立和沖突。尊重和發(fā)展世界文明的多樣性，并在這種多樣性中找到共同利益之所在，是人類社會(huì)向前發(fā)展的偉大動(dòng)力。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Inthe20thcentury,mankindcreatedmaterialandspiritualwealthunmatchedbyanyothertimeinhistory.Regrettably,itwasalsointhese100yearsthathumanityexperiencedunprecedentedhardships,particularlythehavocofthetwoworldwars.Butitisalwaysbythepeopleoftheworldthatworldhistoryismadeandwritten.Therefore,justicewillinevitablyprevailoverevil,lightoverdarknessandprogressoverbackwardness.Mankindwillundoutedlykeepovercomingdifficultiesandobstacles,blazenewtrailsandsteadilymoveforwardtoabetterfuture.Inthe21stcentury,thoughthepeopleallovertheworldarestillconfrontedwithamultitudeofformidablechallenges,theyarealsofacedwithtremendousopportunitiesfordevelopment.Aslongastheyworkasoneandconstitutepowerfulstrengththatcanprevailovereverychallenge,theshipofmankind’scivilizationandprogresswillsurelysailforwardbybravingthewindandwaves.

Theworldiscolorful.Peopleofdifferentcountrieshavetraverseddifferentroads,enjoyeddifferentculturalbackgrounds,socialsystemsandvaluesandcontinueddifferentwaysoflife.Thisdiversityisjustthefundamentalreasonforcontest,vigorandinnovationinthisworld.Allcountriesshouldstrengthentheexchangeandunderstandingamongthemandadvancetowardacommongoalonthebasisofmutualrespectandequality.Theyshouldnotallowthediversitytobeabarriertotheirmarchforward,stilllessshouldtheydeliberatelyprovokeconfrontationandconflict.Respectinganddevelopingthediversityofworldcultureinwhichacommoninterestcanbefoundisagreatmotiveforthesocialprogressofmankind.

11.單選題

Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem:fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanualdrivencars.Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.

Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwaywasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecialpurposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp.

Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldtakeplaceontheentranceramp.Analternativetechniquecouldemployconventionallanes,whichwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.(Thelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwould,presumably,bewellrespected,becausealltrespasserscouldbeswiftlyidentifiedbyauthorities.)

Eitherapproachtojoiningalaneofautomatedtrafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmergingwithouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattwosystemsofautomatedhighways（

）.

2.Aspecial-purposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdrivingonanautomatedhighway?

4.Weknowfromthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecialpurposelane（

）.

5.Whendrivinginanautomatedlane.Thedriver（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arebeingplanned

B.arebeingmodified

C.arenowinwideuse

D.areunderconstruction

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighways

B.itwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiency

C.ithasalaneforbothautomatedandpartiallyautomatedvehicles

D.itoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Vehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.

B.Acarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystem.

C.Thedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestinationbeforedrivingontoit.

D.Thedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththoseofregularvehicles.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.bysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallane

B.bywayofarampwithelectroniccontroldevices

C.throughaspeciallyguardedgate

D.afteralltrespassersareidentifiedandremoved

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.shouldharmonizewithnewlyenteringcars

B.doesn’thavetorelyonhiscomputersystem

C.shouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidents

D.doesn’thavetoholdontothesteeringwheel

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段第三句Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard（繪圖板上有兩種不同的類型）可知，這兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)正在設(shè)計(jì)中，因此選擇A項(xiàng)“正在計(jì)劃中”。B項(xiàng)“正在修改”，C項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在被廣泛使用”，D項(xiàng)“正在施工中”，均錯(cuò)誤。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)special-purposelanesystem的優(yōu)勢(shì)。定位到第一段最后一句Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.（專用車道系統(tǒng)將需要對(duì)現(xiàn)有高速公路進(jìn)行更廣泛的物理改造，但它有望最大程度地提高高速公路通行能力），因此B項(xiàng)“它將實(shí)現(xiàn)最大的公路交通效率”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“它只需要對(duì)現(xiàn)有的公路做一些小的改動(dòng)”，根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知應(yīng)該是進(jìn)行廣泛的改造，故錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“它有一條自動(dòng)和半自動(dòng)車道”和D項(xiàng)“它為自動(dòng)化車輛提供了更多的車道”，在文中并未體現(xiàn)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句：Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.（不論采用哪種設(shè)計(jì)，司機(jī)都需要在其開(kāi)始行駛時(shí)或在到達(dá)自動(dòng)化高速公路前確定要去的目的地，把這個(gè)信息輸入車上的計(jì)算機(jī)），因此C“司機(jī)在開(kāi)車上路之前，應(yīng)該把目的地通知他的汽車電腦”是正確答案。A項(xiàng)“在它上面行駛的車輛根據(jù)目的地被分配了不同的車道”，未在文中提及；B項(xiàng)“在混合車道系統(tǒng)中，汽車可以隨時(shí)加入現(xiàn)有交通”與文章內(nèi)容相悖，因?yàn)樵牡诙蔚诙涫莖nsuitablyequippedroads而不是existingtraffic；D項(xiàng)“駕駛員應(yīng)與普通車輛共用自動(dòng)車道”，在第一段第四句Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem:fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanualdrivencars.（第二個(gè)是混合交通系統(tǒng)：全自動(dòng)車輛將與部分自動(dòng)或手動(dòng)駕駛的汽車共享道路），可知D項(xiàng)提到的情況只適用于第二種設(shè)計(jì)方案，即混合式交通系統(tǒng)。故A、B、D均不是答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目詢問(wèn)從文章中我們可得知汽車____進(jìn)入專用汽車車道。根據(jù)文章第二段Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp...(如果使用專門車道，汽車可以通過(guò)兩種方式進(jìn)入車道，匯入已有的車流中。一種方法是使用特別的入口引道……)，B項(xiàng)“通過(guò)帶有電子控制裝置的斜坡”與文章所闡述的觀點(diǎn)一致；C項(xiàng)“穿過(guò)一扇特別守衛(wèi)的大門”與文中的觀點(diǎn)不符，只有在通過(guò)檢測(cè)后，才能通過(guò)此門；A項(xiàng)“通過(guò)與常規(guī)車道上的車輛平滑合并”和D項(xiàng)“在所有非法闖入者被識(shí)別和清除之后”顯然與文章的意思不符。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目詢問(wèn)行駛在自動(dòng)車道上時(shí)，司機(jī)______。根據(jù)文章最后一段Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravelthedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel，openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.（一旦汽車行駛在自動(dòng)車道上，司機(jī)就不必操縱方向盤，而可以打開(kāi)早報(bào)閱讀或者放松一下），D項(xiàng)“不必緊握方向盤”與文章的觀點(diǎn)相符。文章只是說(shuō)在進(jìn)入自動(dòng)車道時(shí)才應(yīng)該這樣做，因此A項(xiàng)“應(yīng)與新進(jìn)入的車輛相協(xié)調(diào)”與文章的意思不符；B項(xiàng)“不必依賴他的電腦系統(tǒng)”和C項(xiàng)“應(yīng)注意潛在的事故”與文章所陳述的意思相反。

12.單選題

MikeDevine,chieffinancialofficerofNewYork-headquarteredCoach,whichmakesluxuryhandbags,saidataconferencerecentlyamovewasinthepipeline.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthejobs

B.intheworks

C.inthejob

D.inthework

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A、C、D選項(xiàng)均表示“在工作中”；B選項(xiàng)intheworks“正在準(zhǔn)備階段；在進(jìn)行中或準(zhǔn)備中”。句意：總部位于紐約的奢侈品手袋制造商Coach的首席財(cái)務(wù)長(zhǎng)邁克?迪瓦恩（MikeDevine）最近在一次會(huì)議上表示，正在醞釀一項(xiàng)舉措。inthepipeline“在運(yùn)輸中；在進(jìn)行中；在準(zhǔn)備中”。B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Platosuggestedmemorywasanalogous[A]totheimpressionofmessagesonwax[B]writingtablets.ForPlato,writingonthetabletrepresentedlearningsomethingnew.Thetabletitselfwasthememorystore,andreadingthetabletslaterwasanalogousto[C]trytorecallthestoredinformation.Unfortunately,Plato’sanalogymissesanimportantcharacteristicofmemory,[D]namelythatitisselective.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.writing

C.trytorecall

D.namely

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法。C選項(xiàng)前的beanalogousto“類似于……”，后面的to是介詞，后面應(yīng)接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或者代詞，應(yīng)將try改為trying。

14.單選題

Afterthemusichad（

）therewasastormofapplause.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.diedout

B.diedhard

C.diedoff

D.diedaway

【答案】D

【解析】dieout滅絕，消失；diehard難改掉，難斷氣；dieoff相繼死去，逐個(gè)死亡；diedaway減弱，消失。

根據(jù)句意，這里指音樂(lè)減弱直至消失，所以選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

15.單選題

Thesurpassingbeautyofhispaintings（

）thoseofhiscontemporaries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.besmeared

B.belittled

C.dwarfed

D.bedimmed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。besmear“弄臟，涂抹”；belittle“輕視”；dwarf“使顯得矮小；使相形見(jiàn)絀”；bedim“使······模糊”。句意：他畫(huà)作的非凡的美麗使他同時(shí)代的人的那些畫(huà)相形見(jiàn)絀。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Likemostforeigners,Iaskalotofquestions,someofwhichareinsultinglysilly.ButeveryoneI（）hasansweredthosequestionswithpatienceandhonesty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeacross

B.comeby

C.comeover

D.comeinto

【答案】A

【解析】comeacross偶遇，無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)；comeby得到，從旁邊走過(guò)；comeover過(guò)來(lái)，順便來(lái)訪；comeinto進(jìn)入，得到。句意：和大多數(shù)外國(guó)人一樣，我也會(huì)問(wèn)很多問(wèn)題，其中有些問(wèn)題特別愚蠢。但我遇到的每個(gè)人都耐心且誠(chéng)實(shí)的回答了這些問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

17.單選題

Consequently,thisyoungwomanwouldhave（）curiositybecauseshewaswelldressedandthoughnolongeragirl,shewasnotwearingblack.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.risen

B.aroused

C.caused

D.woken

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)risen“上升；提高”，B選項(xiàng)aroused“喚起”，C選項(xiàng)caused“引起；使遭受”，D選項(xiàng)woken“醒來(lái)；喚醒”，“引發(fā)了某人的好奇心”是：ariseone’scuriosity，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意為：因此，這個(gè)年輕的女人一定會(huì)引起人們的好奇心，因?yàn)樗┲皿w，雖然不再是女孩，但也沒(méi)有穿黑衣服。

18.單選題

Thisisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindness（）leftuntreated.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.after

B.if

C.since

D.unless

【答案】B

【解析】考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，如果從句和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，則從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞可以一同省略，此句省略了theillnessis。句意：這種疾病如果不加以治療，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致完全失明。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.翻譯題

FROMENGLISHTOCHINESE

Happinessissometimesseenasastateofmind.ButthisisnothowAristotleregardsit.“Well-being”,asweusuallytranslatehistermforhappiness,iswhatwemightcallastateofsoul,whichforhiminvolvesnotjustaninteriorconditionofbeing,butadispositiontobehaveincertainways.AsLudwigWittgensteinonceremarked,thebestimageofthesoulisthebody.Ifyouwanttoobservesomeone’sspirit,lookatwhattheydo.HappinessforAristotleisattainedbyvirtue,andvirtueisaboveallasocialpracticeratherthananattitudeofmind.Happinessispartofapracticalwayoflife,notsomeprivateinnercontentment.

【答案】幸福有時(shí)被視為一種精神狀態(tài)。但亞里士多德不這樣認(rèn)為?！靶腋！?，正如我們通常解釋這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，我們可以看作為靈魂?duì)顟B(tài)。對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，這不僅是個(gè)人存在的內(nèi)在條件，也是一種特定的行為方式。路德維希?維特根斯坦曾說(shuō)過(guò)，人的身體是靈魂的最好圖畫(huà)。如果你想了解某人的“靈魂”，看看他們做了什么。對(duì)亞里士多德來(lái)說(shuō)，幸福是通過(guò)美德實(shí)現(xiàn)的。美德首先是一種社會(huì)實(shí)踐，而不是一種心靈態(tài)度。幸福是實(shí)際的生活方式的一部分，不是某種私密的內(nèi)在滿足。

20.單選題

Ifyou（

）throughabookormagazine,youlookthroughitinacasualway.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brew

B.brood

C.bruise

D.browse

【答案】D

【解析】句意:隨意地翻看書(shū)籍雜志，其實(shí)就是瀏覽。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Brew釀制(啤酒),沏(茶),煮(咖啡);brood焦慮,憂思(使人厭煩、擔(dān)憂或不安的事);bruise(使)出現(xiàn)傷痕,撞傷;browse(在商店里)隨便看看,瀏覽,翻閱。因此D符合句意。

21.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Remembertheconceptof“sisterhood”?Thatquaintrelicofanideathatwomenowedittootherwomentocrashthroughceilingsandnavigateamaleworld?Itjustmightbetakingnewrootinamostunexpectedplace—amongwomenwithmoney.TherearemorewomencontrollingmorewealthintheU.S.thaneverbefore.Andunlikethewomenwhoprecededthem—old-schoolpatronswhogavetothemuseumandthesymphonyandtheirdeadhusbands’almamaters—thesegiversaremorelikelytousetheirwealthdeliberatelyandsystematicallytoaidwomeninneed.

Toappreciatethemagnitudeofthischange,goback150yearsorsotothewomen’sstrugglefortherighttovote,orthesuffragemovement.Backtothetimewhenoneofitsleaders,MatildaJoslynGage,lamented:“Wehaveyettohearofawomanofwealthwhohasleftanythingforhelpinghersexgetthevote.Almosteverydailypaperheraldsthefactofsomelargebequesttocolleges,churchesandcharitiesbyrichwomen,butitiswell-knownthattheyneverrememberthewomansuffragemovementthatunderliesinimportanceallothers.”

Today,globally,morethan145funds,withassetsofnearlyhalfabilliondollars,existtoimprovethelivesofwomenandgirls.Manyfocustheireffortsdomestically;aboutathirdworkinternationally.Notoneexistedin1972whentheMs.Foundation,thefirstnationalfundforandbywomen,wasestablished.CollectivelytheynowformtheWomen’sFundingNetworkandhaveplanstoincreasetheirjointcoffersbyanotherbilliondollarsby2018,inconcertwithadrivecalledWomenMovingMillions,whichaimstoencourageindividuals,mostlywomen,todonate$1millionormore.

WomenMovingMillionsbeganwiththeliteralsisterhoodofHelenLaKellyHuntandSwaneeHunt.DaughtersofthelegendaryoilmanH.L.Hunt,theywereraised“l(fā)ikeSouthernbelles,”Helensays—taughtthatmoneywassomethingawoman“shouldn’tworryherprettylittleheadabout.”Asadultstheydiscoveredthepowerofphilanthropy,andaboutthreeyearsagoSwaneecalledHelenwithanoffer.“Shesaidshewasgoingtoleavemealotofmoneyinherwill,”Helensay