考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)翰林學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)翰林學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Revolutionsareoftencausedwhenthelegitimacyofagovernmentisquestionedbythepeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.validity

B.effectiveness

C.bureaucracy

D.prejudice

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)政府的……受到人民的質(zhì)疑時(shí)，革命事件就會(huì)爆發(fā)。validity“（法律上的）有效，合法性”；effectiveness“有效”；bureaucracy“官僚主義"；prejudice“偏見”。根據(jù)“ofagovernment”可以推測(cè)出劃線單詞的意思是“合法性”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.

TheAmericandefinitionofsuccessislargelyoneofacquiringwealthandahighmaterialstandardofliving.Itisnotsurprising,therefore,thatAmericansvalueeducationforitsmonetaryvalue.ThebeliefiswidespreadintheUnitedStatesthatthemoreschoolingpeoplehave,themoremoneytheywillearnwhentheyleaveschool.

（1）Thebeliefisstrongestregardingthedesirabilityofanundergraduateuniversitydegree,oraprofessionaldegree,suchasmedicineorlaw,followingtheundergraduatedegree.Themonetaryvalueofgraduatedegreesin"nonprofessional"fieldssuchasart,history,orphilosophyisnotasgreat.

InrecentyearstherehasbeenachangeinthejobmarketintheUnitedStates.（2）

Inthepast,itwaspossibletogetahigh-payingfactoryjobwithoutacollegeeducation;workerswithskillslearnedinvocationalschoolsoronthejobcoulddoworkthatdidnotrequireacollegeeducation.Thesewereamongthejobsthatnewimmigrantswereoftenabletoobtain.Increasingly,however,theadventofnewtechnologieshasmeantthatmoreandmoreeducationisrequiredtodothework.（3）

ManyofthenewjobsintheUnitedStateseitherrequireacollegeeducation,evenagraduatedegreeortheyarelow-payingjobsintheservicesectoroftheeconomy_—suchasinfast-foodrestaurants,smallstores,andhotels.Additionally，manyjobsarebeingoutsourcedtocountrieswheresalariesaremuchlower.（4）

Thisistrueofbothhigher-payingtechnicaljobsandlower-payingjobsrequiringlimitedskills.Becauseoftheimportanceofhighereducation,manyadultscombineworkingwithtakingclassesatacollege.Manypublicandprivatecollegesanduniversitiesaremakingiteasierforstudentstotakeclassesthroughdistancelearning,usingtheInternettoprovidematerialsandlecturesaswellastoengagestudentsindiscussion.（5）

Somestudentswhoarelivingoncampusorcommutingtoclassestakeatleastpartoftheircourseworkbydistance,butitisalsopossibleforastudenttoobtainbothundergraduateandgraduatedegreeswithouteverbeingonacollegecampus.

【答案】1.有一種觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)烈地認(rèn)為大學(xué)本科學(xué)位或繼大學(xué)本科學(xué)位之后的專業(yè)學(xué)位（諸如醫(yī)學(xué)和法律）是值得向往的。

2.在過(guò)去，沒(méi)有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的情況下得到一份高薪的工廠工作是可能的；從職業(yè)學(xué)校或工作上學(xué)得技巧的工人們可以做不需要大學(xué)學(xué)歷的工作。

3.在美國(guó)很多新工作要么要求大專學(xué)歷甚至研究生學(xué)歷，要么它們是經(jīng)濟(jì)服務(wù)業(yè)里（諸如快餐店，小商店和旅館）的底薪工作。

4.較高薪酬的技術(shù)工作和需要有限技能的較低薪資的工作都的確如此。

5.住?；蛲ㄇ趤?lái)上課的一些學(xué)生通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)完成至少部分課程，不過(guò)一個(gè)學(xué)生在從不在大學(xué)校園的情況下也可能獲得本科學(xué)位和研究生學(xué)位。

3.單選題

Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear's,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidizethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?Equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalizationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

1.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengersfares（

）.

2.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor（

）.

3.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators（

）.

4.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willeasetrainoperation'sburden

B.haskeptpacewithinflation

C.isabigsurprisetocommuters

D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.cardrivers

B.railtravelers

C.localinvestors

D.ordinarytaxpayers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters

B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice

D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thelossofinvestment

B.thecollapseofoperations

C.areductionofrevenue

D.achangeofownership

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'tWork

C.CanNationalizationBringHope?

D.Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

4.單選題

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（）abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelin9years.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“飆升，驟然上升”；B選項(xiàng)“突變，變成”；C選項(xiàng)“驟降，暴跌”；D選項(xiàng)“上下波動(dòng)”，句意：根據(jù)最新的報(bào)告，上個(gè)月消費(fèi)者信心指數(shù)（）驚人的15點(diǎn)，達(dá)到了9年來(lái)的最低水平。既然說(shuō)了是最低水平，那么句意應(yīng)該是“下降了驚人的15個(gè)點(diǎn)”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

DuringtheWorldWarII,theshabbylittlebarsuccessfullyharboredmanyJewswhowouldotherwisehavebeenslaughteredbyHitler.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shivered

B.shoveled

C.sheltered

D.shuttled

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。harbor“庇護(hù)；懷有”；A選項(xiàng)shiver“顫抖；打碎”；B選項(xiàng)shovel“鏟除；用鏟挖”；C選項(xiàng)shelter“保護(hù)；使掩蔽；庇護(hù)”；D選項(xiàng)shuttle“使穿梭般來(lái)回移動(dòng)；短程穿梭般運(yùn)送”。句意：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，這家破舊的小酒吧成功地收留了許多猶太人，否則他們可能會(huì)被希特勒屠殺。文中提到“slaughteredbyHitler被希特勒屠殺”，可推知harbored在這里有“庇護(hù)”的意思，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thisproductis（）tochangewithoutnotice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.despite

B.evil

C.subject

D.crust

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。besubjectto“受支配，從屬于；常遭受……；有……傾向的”。A選項(xiàng)despite的常用搭配有indespiteof/despiteof不管，不顧；B選項(xiàng)evil的常用搭配有speakevilof說(shuō)壞話；誹謗/doevil作惡；為非作歹；干壞事；造孽；D選項(xiàng)crust“地殼，地表，堅(jiān)硬外殼”，常用固定搭配很少；句意：本產(chǎn)品（）更換，恕不另行通知。根據(jù)句意可知C選項(xiàng)更符合句意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

ThemyththatUnitedStatesisnotopentoconcernsfromoutsidehasbeen______atastroke.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.demolished

B.precluded

C.kindled

D.hampered

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)demolish“拆除，破壞，推翻，駁倒”，B項(xiàng)preclude“排除，妨礙，阻止”，C項(xiàng)kindle“點(diǎn)燃，著火，激起，照亮”，D項(xiàng)hamper“妨礙，束縛，使困累”。由myth“神話”和atastroke“一下子”可知，“推翻”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：美國(guó)不會(huì)對(duì)外開放的神話一下子就被推翻了。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Modernmanufacturinghas（）aglobalriverofmaterialsintoastunningarrayofnewproducts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.translated

B.transformed

C.transferred

D.transported

【答案】B

【解析】句意:現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)已經(jīng)將全球材料轉(zhuǎn)變成驚人的一系列新產(chǎn)品。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。translate翻譯，（使）轉(zhuǎn)化成……；transform把……轉(zhuǎn)變成……；transfer（使）轉(zhuǎn)移；transport運(yùn)輸。而且空格處動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與into搭配。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意跟搭配。

9.單選題

Eatingtoomuchfatcan______heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributeto

B.attributeto

C.attendto

D.devoteto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)contributeto“（造成某情況）的一個(gè)原因”；B選項(xiàng)attributeto“把……歸因于”；C選項(xiàng)attendto“處理；照料”；D選項(xiàng)devoteto“獻(xiàn)身于；作……專用”。句意：攝入太多脂肪會(huì)______心臟病和引起高血壓。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，攝入太多脂肪是造成心臟病的原因之一，所以contributeto“（造成某情況）的一個(gè)原因”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

WhenDickbegantotellabouthissummervacation,theteacher（

）him（

）,saying"Tellusthatanothertime."

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cut...down

B.shut...out

C.cut...short

D.shut...off

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。cutdown意為“減少，砍倒”；shutout意為“把……關(guān)在門外，阻斷（念頭、情感等）”；cutshort意為“縮短，打斷”；shutoff意為“關(guān)閉，停止”。

句意：當(dāng)Dick開始講述他的暑假時(shí)，教師打斷了他，說(shuō)“下次告訴我們”。

11.單選題

Some4,000privateimporters,exportersandwholesalerswerenationalizedand（

）intoahugegovernmentmonopoly,theStateTradingCorp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incorporated

B.inclined

C.resigned

D.resorted

【答案】A

【解析】incorporateinto并入；其他選項(xiàng)都不與into搭配,而是一般與to搭配。句意:約4,000家私營(yíng)進(jìn)出口商和批發(fā)商被收歸國(guó)有,并被并入一家大型的政府壟斷企業(yè)——國(guó)有貿(mào)易公司。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoulthequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking'sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking'sbiographynotforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkinthepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBiblearethisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe"authentic"one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis"authorized"bythesubject:thispresumablyallowsbiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation."Unauthorized"biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,he"unauthorized"characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress,Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral"authentic"ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthe"story"ofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubjects,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause

（

）.

4.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.biographiescanservedifferentpurposes

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects'lives

C.thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfigures

D.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

D.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itportraysthesubjectsbothfaithfullyandvividly

B.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

C.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject'sprivatelife

D.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject'scharacter

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

B.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiography

D.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.當(dāng)傳記的主人公是英雄或名人時(shí)，傳記往往揭示出一些動(dòng)機(jī)：有的動(dòng)機(jī)試圖表明傳記的主人公和我們一樣只是普通人，有的傳記就是要激勵(lì)我們讓我們超越自己?！笨芍獙憘饔浻泻芏嗄康?，舉例也是為了表明傳記可有不同的目的。答案A

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段和第二段“Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography——notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.同樣，一個(gè)國(guó)王的仆人可能不是為國(guó)王寫傳記的最佳人選。但是一個(gè)外國(guó)人可能沒(méi)有寫國(guó)王傳記所必需的知識(shí)和同情心——至少不是為王國(guó)的讀者寫的。對(duì)于這樣的任務(wù)，沒(méi)有理想的職位?！笨芍獩](méi)有完美的人選來(lái)寫傳記，即沒(méi)有人能寫出完美的傳記。故D項(xiàng)正確。ABC三項(xiàng)與文中內(nèi)容不符。

第3題:推理判斷題。由最后一段“Inbookpromotions,the‘unauthorized’characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.在圖書促銷活動(dòng)中，‘未經(jīng)授權(quán)’的描述通常會(huì)讓人聯(lián)想到作傳記對(duì)象不希望有的有趣八卦?！笨芍獮榱舜黉N，一些“未經(jīng)授權(quán)”的傳記作家會(huì)在書中寫一些傳記對(duì)象的八卦（私生活信息）。故C項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:主旨大意題。由文章開頭及Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthe“story”ofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubjects,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.一個(gè)主題可能有幾本傳記，甚至幾本“真實(shí)的”傳記。我們直覺(jué)地感覺(jué)到，沒(méi)有人能夠講述一個(gè)生命的“故事”，也許甚至只是主題，而傳記的歷史已經(jīng)證明了這一點(diǎn)?？芍疚娜荚谥v述一個(gè)話題即“沒(méi)有人能寫出完美的傳記，很難找到合適的人選來(lái)寫出完美的傳記”。故B項(xiàng)正確。

13.填空題

Whatisgoodisthoughttobe________andwhatisevilisthoughttobeharmful,butdefininggoodandevilremainsacentralquestionofethics.(benefit)

【答案】beneficial

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)橫線前面的be，以及表示并列結(jié)構(gòu)的and，可知橫線所在內(nèi)容為形容詞，beneficial“有益的”符合語(yǔ)境，指的是善被認(rèn)為是有益的。

【句意】善被認(rèn)為是有益的，惡被認(rèn)為是有害的，但定義善惡仍然是倫理學(xué)的中心問(wèn)題。

14.單選題

Topicsofconversationshouldbe（）totheexperiencesandinterestsofthestudents.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rigid

B.rigorous

C.relevant

D.remarkable

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。rigid嚴(yán)格的，死板的；rigorous嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)酷的；relevant相關(guān)的，常與介詞to搭配，意為與……相關(guān)；remarkable卓越的，非凡的。只有relevant能與句中的to搭配。句意：對(duì)話的主題應(yīng)該與學(xué)生的經(jīng)歷和興趣相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

15.單選題

Mostofhisfellowworkersdon'tlikehimbecauseheoften___ofhispastglory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bursts

B.bawls

C.boasts

D.bans

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.bursts爆發(fā)B.bawls大叫

C.boasts自夸；夸耀D.bans禁止

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】空格處接of組成固定短語(yǔ)?？崭裉幍膭?dòng)詞與光輝事跡相連接，與前文同事們不喜歡他相照應(yīng)。C選項(xiàng)boastof“自夸”在這里表示他總是自己夸耀自己，符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】他的大多數(shù)同事都不喜歡他，因?yàn)樗?jīng)常吹噓自己過(guò)去的輝煌。

16.單選題

Shehasalways（）herneighborsforthepasttwentyyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beenfedupwith

B.beenongoodtermswith

C.gottenaroundto

D.gonealongwith

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在最近二十年里，她一直與自己的鄰居保持著良好的關(guān)系。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“forthepasttwentyyears.在最近的二十年里”與“hasalways—直”可知此處表示延續(xù)狀態(tài),所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(hasbeen),故排除C，D。befedupwith表示“厭煩”,不是持續(xù)狀態(tài)。Beongoodtermswith同某人關(guān)系好,是持續(xù)狀態(tài)。故選B。

17.單選題

Peoplemaygetverseswrong,buttheyalsomangleplentyofwell-knownbiblicalstoriesaswell.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spoil

B.imitate

C.formulate

D.violate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spoil“溺愛；糟蹋；破壞”；B選項(xiàng)imitate“模仿；仿造”；C選項(xiàng)formulate“規(guī)劃；用公式表示；明確地表達(dá)”；D選項(xiàng)violate“違反；侵犯”。句意：人們可能會(huì)讀錯(cuò)經(jīng)文，但他們也會(huì)……許多著名的圣經(jīng)故事。由關(guān)鍵信息getverseswrong“讀錯(cuò)經(jīng)文”只是常見問(wèn)題，后一句會(huì)加深問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。因此可以排除B，C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)一般是指違反規(guī)則，這里的承受對(duì)象是biblicalstories“圣經(jīng)故事”，不能適用。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Itisbadmannersto（）peoplewheretheyarespeaking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.interview

B.intimate

C.interfere

D.interrupt

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Interview“采訪；面試”；intimate“暗示，通知”；interfere“干涉，打擾”；interrupt“打斷，中斷，打擾”。句意：打斷他人說(shuō)話是不禮貌的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

19.翻譯題

科學(xué)是關(guān)于自然的知識(shí)總體，它代表了人類的共同努力、洞察力、研究成果和智慧?？茖W(xué)并不是什么新東西，在有文字記載的歷史以前，當(dāng)人們最初發(fā)現(xiàn)了在他們周圍反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的各種關(guān)系時(shí)，就有了科學(xué)的開端。通過(guò)對(duì)這些關(guān)系的仔細(xì)觀察，人們開始了解自然，而由于自然的可靠性，人們還發(fā)現(xiàn)他們能夠做出預(yù)測(cè)，從而在某種程度上控制他們周圍的環(huán)境。

科學(xué)家是一群努力洞悉自然，在表面雜亂無(wú)序中尋求規(guī)律的人。他們具有一種特殊的思考與分析能力，具有無(wú)限的耐心進(jìn)行觀察和收集數(shù)據(jù)。但是，并不能把一切科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)都?xì)w因于能力和耐心，科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)常常與創(chuàng)造性的想象力緊密相關(guān)。的確，想象力的飛躍往往是通向發(fā)現(xiàn)的第一步。另外，科學(xué)家也以其誠(chéng)實(shí)而著稱。他們非常重視誠(chéng)實(shí)，主要是因?yàn)檎\(chéng)實(shí)對(duì)他們至關(guān)重要。他們提出的每一個(gè)理論都要受到進(jìn)一步的檢驗(yàn)。每一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤或謊言必將被發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)了與他們的想法相矛盾的證據(jù)，科學(xué)家不是隱瞞證據(jù)，而是修改甚至放棄他們的想法。這樣他們積累了極其大量的知識(shí)，這些知識(shí)幫助我們更好地了解自己及周圍的世界。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Scienceisthebodyofknowledgeaboutnaturethatrepresentsthecollectiveefforts,insights,findings,andwisdomofthehumanrace.Scienceisnotsomethingnewbuthaditsbeginningsbeforerecordedhistorywhenhumansfirstdiscoveredreoccurringrelationshipsaroundthem.Throughcarefulobservationsoftheserelationships,theybegantoknownatureand,becauseofnature’sdependability,foundtheycouldmakepredictionstoenablesomecontrolovertheirsurroundings.

Scientistsareasmallgroupofpeoplewhostrivetogaininsightsintonature,seekingorderinseemingdisorderliness.Theyarecreditedwithaspecialabilitytothinkandanalyze,andwithinfinitepatienceinmakingobservationsandcollectingdata.Butabilityandpatiencedonotaccountforallscientificdiscoveries,whichoftenhavemuchtodowithcreativeimagination.Indeedaleapofimaginationisoftenthefirststeptowardsdiscovery.Scientistsarealsonotedfortheirhonesty.Theyplaceahighpremiumonhonestylargelybecauseitisessentialtotheircareer.Everytheorytheyformulateissubjectedtofurthertesting.Everymistakeorlieisboundtobefoundout.Thereforeifanyevidenceisfoundcontradictingtheirideas,scientistsdonotsuppresstheevidencebutmodifyorevenabandontheirideas.Inthiswaytheyhavebuiltupanimmensebodyofknowledge,whichhelpsustounderstandbetterourselvesandtheworldaroundus.

20.單選題

Ourvisualperceptiondependsonthereceptionofenergyreflectingorradiatingfromthatwhichwewishtoperceive.Ifoureyescouldreceiveandmeasureinfinitelydelicatesense-data,wecouldperceivetheworldwithinfiniteprecision.Thenaturelimitsofoureyeshave,ofcourse,beenextendedbymechanicalinstruments;telescopesandmicroscopes,forexample,expandourcapabilitiesgreatly.Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus:thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesense-datasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeindivisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherretied,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.Itislikeadrawingachildmightmakebystickingindivisiblediscsofcolorontoacanvas.

Wemightthinkthatwecouldavoidthislimitationbyusingquantawithextremelylongwavelengths;suchquantawouldbesufficientlysensitivetoconveyextremelydelicatesense-data.Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuseless.Tomeasurealengthaccuratelytowithinamillionthofaninch,wemusthaveameasuregraduatedinmillionthsofanfilch;ayardstickgraduatedininchesisuseless.Quantawithawavelengthofoneinchwouldbe,inasense,measuresthataregraduatedininches;Quantaofextremelylongwavelengthareuselessinmeasuringanythingexceptextremelylargedimensions.

Despitethesedifficulties,quantahaveimportanttheoreticalimplicationsforphysics.Itusedtobesupposedthat,intheobservationofnature,theuniversecouldbedividedintotwodistinctparts,aperceivingsubjectandaperceivedobjectInphysics,subjectandobjectweresupposedto:beentirelydistinct,sothatadescriptionofanypartoftheuniversewouldbeindependentoftheobserver.Thequantumtheory,however,suggestsotherwise,foreveryobservationinvolvesthepassageofacompletequantumfromtheobjecttothesubject,anditnowappearsthatthispassageconstitutesanimportantcouplingbetweenobserversandobserved.

Wecannolongermakeasharpdivisionbetweenthetwoinanefforttoobservenatureobjectively.Suchanattemptatobjectivitywoulddistortthecrucialinterrelationshipofobserverandobservedandobservedaspartsofasinglewhole.

But,everforscientists,itisonlyintheworldofatomsthatthisnewdevelopmentmakesanyappreciabledifferenceinfileexplanationofobservations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawingattheendofthefirstparagraphprimarilyinorderto

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thequantumtheorycanbedistinguishedfromprevioustheoriesofphysicsbyits（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworld

B.pointouttheinadequaciesofaccepteduniteofmeasurement

C.criticizeattemptstodistinguishbetweenperceivingsubjectsandperceivedobjects

D.compareandcontrastrivalscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobserved.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsense-dataconveyedbyquanta

B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceofsignificantobservationalproblems

C.anticipatetheobjectionsofthosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaidtoobservationisentirelyreliable

D.disparagethosescientistswhobelievethatmeasurementbymeansofquantaoffersanaccuratepictureoftheworld

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.existindependentlyofsense-data

B.aregraduatedonlyininches

C.cannotwithpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelength

D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandposition

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.insistenceonscrupulouslyprecisemathematicalformulations

B.understandingoftheinherentinterrelationshipofperceiverandperceived

C.recognitionoftheneedforsophisticatedinstrumentsofmeasurement

D.emphasisonsmall-scaleratherthanonlarge-scalephenomena

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意可知文章主要講到了我們視覺(jué)感知的局限性阻礙人類精確感知世界的問(wèn)題，隨后由該問(wèn)題引入極長(zhǎng)波長(zhǎng)量子的概念并加以討論，所以這篇文章的主要目的是討論阻礙人類精確感知世界的問(wèn)題，所以A選項(xiàng)‘討論一個(gè)阻礙對(duì)世界的精確認(rèn)知的問(wèn)題’正確；B選項(xiàng)“指出現(xiàn)行測(cè)量單位的不合理性”、C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于將觀察者與被觀察物進(jìn)行區(qū)分的行為進(jìn)行批判”和D選項(xiàng)“比較不同的科學(xué)對(duì)于如何測(cè)量和觀察世界的問(wèn)題的不同假設(shè)”都只是文章中的細(xì)節(jié)部分。

2.推理判斷題。文章在第一段的末尾運(yùn)用了類比的修辭手法，要想找到作者以孩童作畫作比的目的需要往回追溯，分析文章第一段的倒數(shù)二、三句“Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus:thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesense-datasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeindivisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherretied,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.然而，任何儀器都無(wú)法超越一個(gè)極限:這個(gè)極限是由我們無(wú)法接收比單個(gè)量子能量所傳遞的更小的感官數(shù)據(jù)所造成的。由于這些量子被認(rèn)為是不可分割的能量包體，因此不能進(jìn)一步退退，我們達(dá)到了一個(gè)無(wú)法進(jìn)一步解決世界問(wèn)題的地步?！蓖茢喑鯝選項(xiàng)是對(duì)這兩句的句義轉(zhuǎn)述，符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二、三句“Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuseless.”“當(dāng)我們只需測(cè)量能量時(shí)，這些帶有極長(zhǎng)波長(zhǎng)的量子是有用的。但是對(duì)世界絕然精確的感知，還將有賴于對(duì)我們所期望感知的物體的長(zhǎng)度以及位置作出準(zhǔn)確的測(cè)量，而在這一方面帶有極長(zhǎng)波長(zhǎng)的量子就沒(méi)有什么作用了”確定帶有極長(zhǎng)波長(zhǎng)的量子不能用來(lái)獲取物質(zhì)世界的信息的原因?yàn)镈選項(xiàng)“不能對(duì)長(zhǎng)度和位置進(jìn)行精確測(cè)量”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“Inphysics,subjectandobjectweresupposedto:...anditnowappearsthatthispassageconstitutesanimportantcouplingbetweenobserversandobserved.”主要講到了在物理學(xué)中，主體和客體被假定為絕然互不相關(guān)的，然而，量子理論暗示情形恰恰相反，因?yàn)槊恳豁?xiàng)觀察都涉及一個(gè)完整的量子從客體到主體的過(guò)渡，而現(xiàn)在看來(lái)，這一過(guò)渡構(gòu)成了觀察者與被觀察物之間的一種重要的結(jié)合。由此可知量子理論和己有的物理理論之間的區(qū)別在于量子理論對(duì)于觀察者與被觀察物內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的理解，B選項(xiàng)正確。

21.翻譯題

寫給未來(lái)的自己一封信當(dāng)你10年、20年或更多年后回顧過(guò)去時(shí)，你會(huì)吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著時(shí)光的流逝，你也發(fā)生了很大的變化。你的經(jīng)歷、朋友、家庭和工作造就了現(xiàn)在的你。但是再過(guò)幾年你會(huì)在哪里呢？你會(huì)如何變化呢？這樣反思性的寫作，會(huì)是思考未來(lái)你想要什么的一種好的方式。

你也許以前試過(guò)給過(guò)去的自己寫信，向年輕時(shí)的自己傳授一些人生的智慧和觀點(diǎn)，你希望那時(shí)候的自己就能知道這些?，F(xiàn)在我們換個(gè)角度看問(wèn)題，如果讓你給未來(lái)的自己寫封信，你會(huì)寫點(diǎn)什么？

想象一下，給5年后的自己寫一封信，當(dāng)5年后你打開那封信時(shí)，你會(huì)產(chǎn)生多少共鳴。這是實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的一種有用的輔助工具，因?yàn)楫?dāng)你給未來(lái)的自己寫信時(shí)，你會(huì)慢慢理清希望自己在人生旅途的那個(gè)特定時(shí)刻變成什么樣子。

當(dāng)你在未來(lái)讀這封信時(shí)，你可以看看有多少事情是像你過(guò)去期望的那樣，你也會(huì)思考為什么會(huì)這樣。很多時(shí)候，我們?cè)O(shè)定目標(biāo)在實(shí)現(xiàn)的過(guò)程中會(huì)受到沿途中各種因素的影響，因?yàn)闀?huì)遇到各種各樣的困難、各種意外情況并需要不斷調(diào)整優(yōu)先級(jí)。

這封信能讓你從宏觀的角度上去看自己最初的愿景，讓你意識(shí)到自己現(xiàn)在的想法和過(guò)去相比有多么不同。

當(dāng)你以后看信時(shí)，你會(huì)把過(guò)去的自己和現(xiàn)在的自己進(jìn)行比較。這會(huì)讓你看清從寫信時(shí)起你發(fā)生了哪些變化，這種體驗(yàn)是非常有趣的。光看看從你寫信開始發(fā)生了哪些變化就很有趣了。

現(xiàn)在就拿出筆和紙，開始給未來(lái)的自己寫封信吧。找個(gè)合適的時(shí)間，想象你在那段時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)是什么樣子，然后開始寫信。想一想你想成為哪種人，你在生活中的位置、那時(shí)你的成就、你會(huì)有什么樣的想法和感覺(jué)，諸如此類的內(nèi)容。

寫完信，把它裝到信封里，在信封的封面上寫上日期，把它妥善保管起來(lái)。在自己的日歷中標(biāo)記一下打開這封信的日期。當(dāng)你以后打開信時(shí)，你可能會(huì)更好地洞察自己以及自己過(guò)去的生命歷程。

【答案】Whenyoulookbackonyourselfinthepast10,20,30ormoreyearsagoit’ssurprisingtoseehowmuchyouhavechangedovertime.Yourexperiences,yourfriends,yourfamilyandyourworkhaveallshapedwhoyouarerightnow.

Itisausefulsupplementarytooltobeusedingoalachievement,becausewhenyouwritethelettertoyourfutureself,ithelpscrystallizeexactlyhowyouanticipateyourselftobecomeatthatspecificmomentdowntheroad.

Oftentimes,thegoalswesetandourgoalachievementprocessaresubjectedtoalotofchangesalongtheway,duetovaryingobstacles,unanticipatedcircumstancesandchangingpriorities.

Thelettergivesyouamacro-viewofyourinitialvisionandletsyourecognizehowyourcurrentvisiondiffersfromthepast.

Whenyouopenthislettersometimeinthenearfuture,youmightgainadditionalinsightsaboutyourselfandyourjourneyinthepastfewyearsthatyouwereobliviousto.

22.單選題

Supposeyouarethereinthemuseum,withthehead-sizedsmartphonepermanentlypositionedinfrontofyournose.AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinPsychologicalSciencethisweek,youaredoingitallwrong.Thattinycamerayouareusingtocarefully（1）yourartviewingexperienceisactually

（2）

yourartmemory,notpreservingit.

Thestudy,

（3）

byFairfieldUniversity’spsychologicalscientistLindaHenkel,claimsthatmuseumgoershaveworsememories

（4）

objectsandspecificobjectdetails

（5）

theyusedacameratorecordpaintings,archeologicalrelicsorhistoricalartifacts

（6）

.It’saphenomenonHenkelcallsthe“photo-takingimpairmenteffect”.

“Whenpeople

（7）

technologytorememberforthem一countingonthecameratorecordtheeventandthusnotneedingto

（8）

toitfullythemselves—itcanhaveanegative

（9）

onhowwelltheyremembertheirexperiences,”Henkelexplainsinadescriptionofthestudy.

Toreachherconclusion,Henkel

（10）

anexperimentatBellarmineArtMuseumatFairf