考研考博-英語-中央音樂學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中央音樂學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thecentipedehaspoisonclawsonthefirstsegmentofitsbody（

）todefenditselfandtokillitsprey.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.andtheseuses

B.alsousesthese

C.thesealsoused

D.andusesthese

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知句子的主語為Thecentipede，謂語是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列謂語，has和uses為句子的謂語部分。句意：蜈蚣身體的第一節(jié)有毒爪，用來自我保護(hù)和殺死獵物。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Thepatient'sprogresswasveryencouragingashecould（）getoutofbedwithouthelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nearly

B.hardly

C.merely

D.barely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)nearly表示“差不多，幾乎”，B選項(xiàng)hardly表示“幾乎不，簡(jiǎn)直不，剛剛”，C選項(xiàng)merely表示“僅僅，只不過，只是”，D選項(xiàng)barely表示“僅僅，勉強(qiáng)，幾乎不，貧乏的”。根據(jù)句意“這位病人的進(jìn)步讓人興奮”可知，病人可以不需要?jiǎng)e人幫忙就能下床走路，空缺處單詞應(yīng)表示肯定。因此，只有A選項(xiàng)最符合原文語境，故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Jackisnotverydecisive,andhealwaysfindshimselfina（

）asifhedoesn'tknowwhathereallywantstodo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fantasy

B.dilemma

C.contradiction

D.conflict

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想，幻覺”；dilemma“困境，進(jìn)退兩難”；contradiction“矛盾，否認(rèn)，反駁”；conflict“沖突，斗爭(zhēng)”。句意：杰克做事不果敢，他經(jīng)常進(jìn)退兩難，不知道做什么。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Shewaskeento________acause,andhasbecomeanadvocateagainstchildobesity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makeup

B.giveup

C.takeup

D.raiseup

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.makeup組成，編造B.giveup放棄，讓出

C.takeup從事，開始工作D.raiseup舉起，抬起

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“acause（事業(yè)）”構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯，bekeentodosth.是固定搭配，意為“熱衷于做某事”，表示她熱衷于怎么樣這項(xiàng)事業(yè)。后半句說到“已經(jīng)成為反對(duì)兒童肥胖的倡導(dǎo)者（becomeanadvocate）”，由此可知，這項(xiàng)事業(yè)指的是反對(duì)兒童肥胖，她應(yīng)該是從事著反對(duì)兒童肥胖的工作并熱衷于此。takeup指從事某項(xiàng)工作，因此C選項(xiàng)takeup“從事，開始工作”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)makeup“組成，編造”指將不同的部分組合在一起或?yàn)榱似垓_和娛樂而編造故事，不能和“cause（事業(yè)）”進(jìn)行搭配；

B選項(xiàng)giveup“放棄，讓出”指停止嘗試做某事或擁有某物，與題干語義相矛盾，應(yīng)該是“從事工作”而不是“放棄工作”；

D選項(xiàng)raiseup“舉起，抬起”指把某物舉起或移動(dòng)到更高的水平，側(cè)重于物理意義上的抬高，不能和“cause（事業(yè)）”進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意】她熱衷于從事這項(xiàng)事業(yè)，并且已經(jīng)成為反對(duì)兒童肥胖的倡導(dǎo)者。

5.單選題

Thetemperatureoftheatmospherebecomescolderaselevationincreases.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.altitude

B.aptitude

C.latitude

D.longitude

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)altitude“海拔”；B選項(xiàng)aptitude“天資”；C選項(xiàng)latitude“緯度”；D選項(xiàng)longitude“經(jīng)度”。句意：海拔越高，大氣溫度越低。劃線部分elevation是海拔的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat_______girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enrolling

B.assigning

C.involving

D.consenting

【答案】A

【解析】enrolling招收,參加;assigning指派,分配;involving牽涉,使參與;consenting允許,贊成。句意：世界銀行1994年的一份報(bào)告得出結(jié)論：招收女童入學(xué)可能是當(dāng)今發(fā)展中世界最有效的反貧困政策。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.單選題

Undertheguidanceoftheirteacher,thepupilsarebuildingamodelboat（）bysteam.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.towed

B.pressed

C.tossed

D.propelled

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)towed“拖，拉”；B選項(xiàng)pressed“按，壓”；C選項(xiàng)tossed“拋，揚(yáng)起”；D選項(xiàng)propelled“推進(jìn)，推動(dòng)”。句意：在老師的指導(dǎo)下，學(xué)生們正在制作一艘由蒸汽推動(dòng)的模型船。本句表示推進(jìn)船的動(dòng)力，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Theexpression“hastemakeswaste”doesnot（）toreading.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affect

B.attend

C.adopt

D.apply

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)affect“影響；感染”；B選項(xiàng)attend“出席；參加”；C選項(xiàng)adopt“采??；接受”；D選項(xiàng)apply“應(yīng)用；適用”。句意：“欲速則不達(dá)”這句話不……于閱讀。AC選項(xiàng)不能與to連用，可排除。B選項(xiàng)attendto意為“照顧；照料”，不符合句意，故選D。

9.單選題

Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.backs

B.necks

C.toes

D.heels

【答案】D

【解析】句意:逃跑的小偷后面緊跟著當(dāng)?shù)氐木臁?/p>

考查固定搭配。on（at）one'sheels緊跟某人后面。

10.問答題

Directions:Afteryouhavereadthefollowingpassage,writeoutasummaryinEnglishwhitabout70to90words.PutyoursummaryontheANSWERSHEET.

WhatisSociety?Societyisagroupofhumanbeings,heldtogetherbyagreementforreasonsthataremutuallybeneficialtotheindividualmembers.Societiesoperateasawhole,asacollectivebody,chieflyinwaysthatlookoutforthehighestcommongoodofall.Membershavespecificrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthesociety.Oneofthebestdirectanalogiesiswiththehumanbodyitself.Thecellsareallalive,independently,yettheygrouptogetherandestablishroles,responsibilities,andrelationshipsthatallowagreaterwholetoexistthatismorethanjustthesumoftheparts.Thecellsgainfromthespecificrolestheyplaybecausetheyareallowedtobewhattheyaremoreeffectively.Further,theyaregivenalimitedawarenessofthewholethattheireffortsaidincreating.

Similarly,whenindividualhumanbeingsgrouptogethertoformsocieties,anorganizationiscreatedinwhichthemembersarethecells.Subgroupsofthemembersmayformorgansthroughwhichhigherlevelfunctionscanthenmanifest.Iftherelationshipsareloose,thebodycreatedhaslimitedfunctionalityoverthatofanyindividualmemberbecausethereislittlesynergy.Whentherelationshipsarecloseandfoundedonabasisoflove,thebodythuscreatedhassignificantfunctionalityoverthatoftheindividuals.Whenthegroupissmall,feworganscanbecreatedsothereislimitedcomplexityorfunctionality.Whenthegroupislarge,manyorganscanbecreated,resultinginhighlyincreasedcomplexityandfunctionality.Countries,regions,statescities,andneighborhoodscouldallbeconsideredtobesocietiesascouldteams,groups,andanyotherorganizationsofpeople.Forourpurposeshere,themostimportantsocietyisTheUnitedStatesofAmericasinceitistheoneestablishedtosetuptheNewOrderfortheAges,novusordoseclorum.

Societyismorethanthegovernment,however.Italsoincludesalltheeconomicandsocialinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidepeoplewithwhattheyneed.

【答案】參考范文：Societyisagroupofhumanbeings,heldtogetherbyagreementforreasonsthataremutuallybeneficialtotheindividualmembers.Societiesoperateasawhole,chieflyinwaysthatlookoutforthehighestcommongoodofall.Membershavespecificrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthesociety.Societyismorethanthegovernment,however.Italsoincludestheentireeconomicandsocialinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidepeoplewithwhattheyneed.

11.單選題

Oneofthereasonsforhispopularityinourvillageisthathe（）almosteveryoneeverytimewhenhecomesbackfromthebigcity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asksafter

B.runsfor

C.bringsup

D.takesafter

【答案】A

【解析】askafter探問,問候；runfor競(jìng)選；bringup提出；takeafter與…相像。句意：他在我們村里受歡迎的原因之一是,他幾乎每次從大城市回來都會(huì)問候所有人。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

12.單選題

Thenegotiationshave（）again,andtherepresentativeshaveallbeencalledback.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokenout

B.brokenoff

C.brokenthrough

D.brokeninto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組。A:breakout“突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”；B:breakoff“（使）脫離；停止；中斷”；C:breakthrough“突破”；D:breakinto“闖進(jìn)”。句意：談判又中斷了，代表們都被召回了。結(jié)合語境，B為正確答案。

13.單選題

OntheafternoonofJuly2,1936,NaziSSleaderHeinrichHimmlerandacoterieofhisseniorofficersparadedonfootthroughthewindingcobblestonestreetsofQuedlinburg,oneofthemostperfectlypreservedmedievalcitiesinallEurope.Himmler’sstaffhadbeenplanningthetriptothesmallcityincentralGermanyforweeks.Theyorderedthestreetstobecleanedandtheoldhousesalongthemainthoroughfarestobepainted.TheydrapedNazibannersfromtherooftopsandgarlandsalongthewalls.TheyrehearsedtheSSband,drilledthelocalchapterofHitlerYouthandarrangedforanSSphotographertorecordtheproceedingsfrombeginningtoend.Nothingofimportancewasoverlooked.

Dressedinashinyblackhelmet,immaculateblackuniformandtallblackboots,Himmlermadehiswayupthecity’sCastleHill.Paleandanemic-looking,withaspindlyframeandaheadoneortwosizestoosmallforhisbody,helookedstrangelyoutofplaceamonghisentourageoftall,athletic-lookingSSmen.HestoppedtoadmireQuedlinburg’ssplendidstonecastle,thenproceededtoitslargemedievalcathedral—theultimateobjectofhispilgrimage.HimmlerdespisedChristianity,areligionthatpreachedcompassionfortheweakandthebrotherhoodofallmenandacceptedaJewasthesonofGod.ButtheQuedlinburgcathedralguardedsomethingofimmenseimportancetohim—thetombofanobscure10th-centuryGermanking,HeinrichI.

Himmlerwasenthralledbyancienthistory,andhewantedallSSmentosharehispassion.Indeed,heregardedthefeudalpastasablueprintforthefuturegloryoftheThirdReich.HeviewedHeinrichIasagreatleaderwhocouldserveasamodelforAdolfHitlerandplannedtotransformthecathedral’sdustytombintoanSSshrine.HimmlerstoodatthefootofthecryptandgaveaspeechexhortinghisofficerstopaycarefulheedtoGermany’sproudancientpast,“Justasatreewithersifitsrootsareremoved,soapeoplefalliftheydonothonortheirancestors,”helaterwarned.

Foryears,scholarsoftheThirdReichhaveridiculedHimmler’sintenseinterestintheGermanpast,dismissingoccasionssuchashisvisittoQuedlinburgasthefoolishnessofafanaticdrunkonpower.EvensomeseniorNazispokedfunathisardorforhistory.AsAlbertSpeer,Hitler’sformerchiefarchitect,jeeredafterthewar,Himmler“washalfschoolmaster,halfcrackpot”.ButHimmlerwasdeadlyseriousaboutreturningtheThirdReichtothelostgoldenageofhisimagination.In1935hefoundedalargeSSresearchinstitute,employingmorethan100GermanscholarstostudythepastandhelptutorSSmeninthewaysoftheirancestors.Withsuchresearch,heintendedtotransformvaststretchesoftheReichintomedievalfiefdomsruledbySSlords,aplanhebeganactingonbeforethewar.Farfrombeingadreamerlostinfantasy,Himmlerwasacareful,methodicalplannerwhoworkeddiligentlytowardthissinisterfutureinmuchthesametirelesswaythathelaboredoncreatingtheconcentrationcampsystemandimplementinga“finalsolution”.Indeed,thesewerethetwinpolesofhisexistence,theyinandyangofhisworld:thesqualid,crowdedcampsandthesunnySSfarmvillages.

Himmlersetaboutconstructingthisfutureinthreeways.Herecruitedtall,blond-hairedmentotheSSinordertoscientificallyrebreedwhathebelievedwasaprimevalmasterrace.Withthehelpofhisresearchers,heinstructedSSmenandtheirfamiliesinancientGermanreligion,loreandfarmingpractices.Andbeforethewarstarted,hebeganinstallingSSfamiliesin“feudal”villagesofnewlyfabricatedmedieval-stylehouses.HeplannedtocreatethousandsoftheseantiquecoloniesinconqueredlandsacrossEasternEurope.Inthisway,Himmlerhopedtogivebirthtoanewgoldenage,therebyreversingthedeclineofWesterncivilizationandrescuinghumanityfromitsmire.Thiswassocialengineeringinitsmostswaggering,arrogantform—utopianismgonehorriblywrong.ButHimmler,whorosetobecomethesecondmostpowerfulmanintheReichbyearly1945asHitler’shealthfailed,follyintendedtocarryoutthatplanifNaziGermanywonthewar.OnlycrushingdefeatbytheAlliesstoppedhim.

1.Whichofthefollowingexpressionsisclosestinmeaningto“coterie”？

2.WhichofthefollowingphrasesbestdescribeshowHimmlerintendedallSSmentoassimilateGermany’sfeudalpast?

3.Fromthispassage,itisclearthatHimmlerprimarilyintended（

）.

4.ForAlbertSpeerHimmlerwas“halfschoolmaster,halfcrackpot”.Inwhichofthefollowingisthemeaningofthisquoteclosest?

5.Fortheauthor,Himmlerwouldbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Aselectedgroupofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanotherfrequently.

B.Alargenumberofpersonswithwhomonemightmeetonsocialoccasions.

C.Anindiscriminategroupofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanotheronrareoccasions.

D.Alargenumberofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanothertodiscusspoliticalmatters.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Esotericcultandpractices.

B.Eccentricapproach.

C.Catatonicstate.

D.Histrionicdisorder.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tobringancientagriculturalpracticesinto20thcenturyGermany

B.toreturntoaprosperouseraduringwhichtheGermanpeoplelivedinidealhappiness

C.toencouragethedevelopmentofmulticulturalisminameltingpotsociety

D.toeliminateallthosewhocouldhavethreatenedhisrisetopower

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastwasregardedasabsurd.

B.Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastprovokedintenserivalryamongotherprominentNazileaders.

C.Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastprovokedwidespreademulationamongstotherprominentNazileaders.

D.OthershadtheprivilegeofstudyingtheaweinspiringbreadthanddepthofHimmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpast.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.autopianreformer

B.anincurableromanticlostintime

C.animprobablevisionary

D.alevel-headedpurpose-drivenman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.判斷推理題。題干中關(guān)鍵詞coterie出現(xiàn)在文章首段首句，acoterieof用來修飾后面的hisseniorofficers，是量詞。前面主人公是納粹黨衛(wèi)軍領(lǐng)袖，他與軍官們自然是處于同一陣線的。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常互相交往的一組人”；B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人在社交場(chǎng)合可能會(huì)遇到的許多人”；C選項(xiàng)“無差別的一群人，只會(huì)在極少數(shù)情況下有往來”；D選項(xiàng)“許多人互相聯(lián)系討論政治問題”。軍隊(duì)領(lǐng)袖與他的軍官之間自然是屬于第一類“經(jīng)常互相交往的一組人”。

第2題:2.判斷推理題。本題關(guān)鍵在于“howHimmlerintendedallSSmentoassimilateGermany’sfeudalpast（希姆萊打算如何讓所有黨衛(wèi)軍成員同化德國的封建歷史）”，相關(guān)信息出現(xiàn)在第三段第二句“heregardedthefeudalpastasablueprintforthefuturegloryoftheThirdReich”，他認(rèn)為過去的封建制度是第三帝國輝煌的未來藍(lán)圖。緊跟著第三句說到“...plannedtotransformthecathedral’sdustytombintoanSSshrine”，計(jì)劃將大教堂布滿灰塵的墳?zāi)棺兂牲h衛(wèi)軍的圣地。在最后一段第三句中提到“…h(huán)einstructedSSmenandtheirfamiliesinancientGermanreligion,loreandfarmingpractices”，他教導(dǎo)黨衛(wèi)軍士兵和他們的家人學(xué)習(xí)古德國的宗教、知識(shí)和耕作方法。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知，A選項(xiàng)“宗教信仰和實(shí)踐”符合題意。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。本題關(guān)鍵在于“Himmlerprimarilyintended（希姆萊主要目的是）”，最后兩段說了希姆萊的一些做法及計(jì)劃，但是關(guān)鍵在于最后一段中第六句說到“Inthisway,Himmlerhopedtogivebirthtoanewgoldenage,therebyreversingthedeclineofWesterncivilizationandrescuinghumanityfromitsmire”，通過這種方式，希姆萊希望創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)新的黃金時(shí)代，從而扭轉(zhuǎn)西方文明的衰落，將人類從泥潭中拯救出來。因此，希姆萊的主要意圖是B選項(xiàng)“復(fù)興德國人曾幸福生活的繁榮時(shí)代”。

第4題:4.語義題。AlbertSpeer對(duì)于希姆萊的這句評(píng)價(jià)出現(xiàn)在文章第四段第三句，他人的評(píng)價(jià)可以認(rèn)為是“果”，而“因”則要往前面找。本段第一句說到“Foryears,scholarsoftheThirdReichhaveridiculedHimmler’sintenseinterestintheGermanpast,dismissingoccasionssuchashisvisittoQuedlinburgasthefoolishnessofafanaticdrunkonpower.”第三帝國的學(xué)者們一直嘲笑希姆萊對(duì)德國歷史的濃厚興趣，認(rèn)為像他訪問奎德林堡這樣的場(chǎng)合是一個(gè)醉心于權(quán)力的狂熱分子的愚蠢行為。換句話說希姆萊對(duì)德國中世紀(jì)歷史的熱愛被認(rèn)為是荒謬的，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者在第四段對(duì)于希姆萊做了這樣的評(píng)價(jià)“Farfrombeingadreamerlostinfantasy,Himmlerwasacareful,methodicalplanner”，說他并不是迷失在幻想中的夢(mèng)想家，而是細(xì)心、有條理的策劃者。A選項(xiàng)autopianreformer“一個(gè)烏托邦式的改革者”；B選項(xiàng)anincurableromanticlostintime“迷失在時(shí)間里的無可救藥的浪漫主義者”；C選項(xiàng)animprobablevisionary“一個(gè)幾乎不可能的空想家”；D選項(xiàng)alevel-headedpurpose-drivenman“頭腦冷靜、目標(biāo)明確的人”。綜合選項(xiàng)與文意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

WhensomeAmericansspeakofthevirtuesofEnglish,theyalmostalwaysbeginbyglorifyingitsenormousvocabulary,whichisatleasttwiceaslargeasthatofanyotherlanguage.Butthisisnotwhatenchantstheforeigner;onthecontrary,thevastreachesofthevocabularynaturallyalarmhim.Thethingthatreallywinshimistheclarityandsimplicityofthelanguage.Weuse,forallourstoreofLatinpolysyllables,agreatmanymoreshortwordsthanlongones,andwearealwaystryingtomakethelongonesshort.Whatwasoncepuniligrionisnowpun;whatwasgasolineonlyyesterdayisalreadygas.NootherEuropeanlanguagehassomanythree-letterwords,norsomanyfour-wordsayings.“Firstcome,firstserved”—thatistypicallyEnglish,foritisbold,plain,andshort.

【答案】當(dāng)一些美國人談及英語的優(yōu)點(diǎn)時(shí)，幾乎總是一開始就贊美其詞匯量之龐大，英語的詞匯比任何其他語言的詞匯至少多一倍。然而，吸引外國人的并不是詞匯量大，相反，浩瀚的詞匯很容易令外國人擔(dān)憂。真正贏得外國人的是英語簡(jiǎn)練和淳樸的特征。盡管英語中有大量的源于拉丁文的多音節(jié)詞，但我們卻更多地使用短語，少用長(zhǎng)詞。而且，我們總是努力把長(zhǎng)詞縮短。以前使用puniligrion，現(xiàn)在縮短成了pun；昨天還是gasoline，今天已成為gas。歐洲沒有任何一種其他語言有這么多由三個(gè)字母構(gòu)成的單詞，也沒有如此多由四個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成的語言?！癋irstcomes,firstserved（先到先供應(yīng)）”便是典型的英語，因?yàn)樗荒苛巳?、樸?shí)無華、短小精悍。

15.單選題

Long-termwateravailabilityislargelydeterminedbytheaverageconditionsinariverbasin,butitisoftenextremeeventsthatcauseacutewaterinsecurity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.occasional

B.constant

C.urgent

D.serious

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.occasional偶爾的，偶然的B.constant連續(xù)發(fā)生的，不斷的

C.urgent緊急的，緊迫的D.serious嚴(yán)重的，有危險(xiǎn)的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】acute的意思為“十分嚴(yán)重的”，這里指極端事件讓水變得非常不安全，有嚴(yán)重的安全問題，serious與之詞義相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】長(zhǎng)期來說，水資源的可用性在很大程度上取決于流域的平均條件，但往往是極端事件導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的在水安全方面的問題。

16.單選題

Youmayneverexperienceanearthquakeoravolcaniceruptioninyourlife,butyouwill（）changesintheland.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapt

B.adopt

C.witness

D.define

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapt“適應(yīng)，改編”；B選項(xiàng)adopt“采取，接受”；C選項(xiàng)witness“目擊，見證”；D選項(xiàng)define“定義，規(guī)定”。句意：在你的生命中你可能從來沒有經(jīng)歷過地震或火山爆發(fā)，但是你將見證這片土地的變化。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

17.單選題

Theanotherofthebookhasshownhisremarkablekeen（）intohumannature.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intellect

B.insight

C.perception

D.understanding

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。intellect智力，理解力；insight洞察力；perception知覺，感覺，也有洞察力的意思，但通常與of搭配；understanding理解力。選項(xiàng)中,只有insight后接介詞into，所以本題選B。句意：這本書的另一篇展現(xiàn)了他非凡的對(duì)人性敏銳的洞察力。

18.單選題

Hesatthereswiggingbeerandsmoking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sucking

B.lapping

C.Gulping

D.sipping

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sucking“吸，吮吸”；B選項(xiàng)lapping“舔，折疊”；C選項(xiàng)“狼吞虎咽地吃，大口地吸”；D選項(xiàng)sipping“啜飲”。句意：他坐在那里大口喝啤酒，抽煙。Swigging“大口喝，痛飲，暢飲”，D選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Weareinaglobalhealthcrisis,anditgrowsworsebytheyear,astheWorldHealthOrganizationhaswarnedthatby2030almosthalftheworld'spopulationwillbeoverweightorobeseifcurrenttrendscontinue.Therearealready124millionobesechildren,amorethantenfoldincreaseinfourdecades,andmorethanamillionoftheseliveintheUK,whichhastheworstobesityratesinwesternEurope.Fourinfivewillgrowuptobeobeseadults;andtheleaderoftheUK'spaediatricbodywarnsthatthiswillcostthem10to20yearsofhealthylife.

Thisisasocialproblem,bothincauseandconsequence,asconcurredbySimonStevens,thechiefexecutiveoftheUK'sNationalHealthService,whosecautioningthatobesitycouldbankruptthehealthservicecomesacrossastheplacard-wieldingstanceofaroadsideprophetofdoom—yetthegovernment'sresponsehasbeenasmodestandinadequateasthesefiguresareshocking.Medicalexpertsdescribeitschildhoodobesitystrategyasweak,embarrassingandeveninsulting.Thoughitinheritedataxonsugarydrinks,itrowedbackfromrestrictionsonprice-cuttingpromotionsandjunkfoodmarketingoradvertising,leavingitsstrategytorelyheavilyonmeasuressuchasschoolactivityprogrammes.

Campaignershadwarnedthatwouldnotbeenough;nowresearchprovestheywereright-evenwhensuchinitiativestacklebothdietandexercise,andmakeeffortstoreachouttofamilies.ChildreninschoolsinEngland'sWestMidlandsweregivenayearofextraphysicalactivitysessions,ahealthyeatingprogrammeandcookeryworkshopswiththeirparents,allofwhichfailedtohaveanysignificanteffectonchildren'sweight.

Thecausesoftheobesityepidemicaremultipleandcomplex,asthelandmarkForesightreportproducedoveradecadeagounderscored:weliveinanobesogenicenvironment,andsomemoresothanothers(morethantwiceasmanychildrenindeprivedareasareobeseasinaffluentareas).TVsandsmartphonesinbedroomsandrelianceoncarsplaytheirpart;sotoodofooddeserts,wherefruitandvegetablesareexpensiveorinaccessible,whichleavesthemoreeconomicallystrappedsectorofthepopulationchoosingtofillahungrychildwithdonutsratherthanapples.

Butonefactorleapsout:greed.TheproblemisnotgluttonybyagenerationofAugustusGloopsbuttheavariceoftheWillyWonkaswhopressjunkfoodonconsumers,thenprofesssurpriseattheresults.Thetacticsofbigfoodare,astheglobalhealthorganisationVitalStrategiespointsoutinitsreportFoolMeTwice,strikinglysimilartothoseofbigtobaccoovertheyears.Butbigfoodhastheadvantagethateveryoneneedstoeat,whilenooneneedstosmoke,andthatabiscuitdoesnotdamagehealthasacigarettedoes,obesitynotwithstanding.Thus,thesecompaniestellusthatweshouldnotrestrictindividualfreedom;thatitisuptopeopletoshowself-discipline;andthattheirproductsarefineasoccasionalindulgences-nevermindthattheypresentfamily-sizepacksasiftheyaresuitableforindividuals,northathighlyprocessedfoods,packedwithsaltandsugar,tendtobecheapertoproduce,storeanddeliver—aswellasbeinghabit-forming.

Othercountrieshavebeenfarbolderintacklingtheindustry,insteadofrelyingonvoluntaryaction.InLatinAmerica,governmentshaveforcedcompaniestoremovecartooncharacters-naturallyaninstantappealtoyoungchildren—fromcerealboxes,imposedjunkfoodtaxesandorderedschooltuckshopstoreplacehigh-salt/sugarproductswithfruitandvegetables.Tougherrulesreshapeconsumerperceptionsanddecisionsandindoingso,theycanalsopushcompaniesintochangingproducts.

Abanonjunkfoodadvertisingbeforethe9p.m.watershedislongoverdue.Itshouldbesupplementedbyabanonpromotionsandpricecutsfor“sharing”bagsofchocolates,asActiononSugarurgedlastmonth,andthesugartaxondrinkscouldbeextendedtofoodproducts,withtherevenuechannelledintoinitiativesmakingfreshproducemoreaffordableandattractivetoconsumers.Thegovernment'sfailuretoforcechangemeansthattherestofuswillpaytheprice—inillhealthandhighertaxes—asbigfoodrakesintheprofits.

1.Findingsandstudiesdemonstratethat（

）.

2.Whodoestheauthorbelievetobeprimarilyresponsibleforfailingtostopobesity?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTinferredinthepassage

（

）.

4.Which"chainofevents"isindicatedinthepassage?

5.Companypolicytomanufacturefamily-sizepacksofunhealthyfoodwhilestatingthatitistheconsumerwhoisresponsibleforlimitingwhattheyeatisanexampleof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theobesityproblemislargelyaEuropeanone

B.unhealthychildrenhaveunhealthyparents

C.therearemoreobesechildreninlowersocio-economicareas

D.peoplenowaredyingyounger

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Parents.

B.Advertisers.

C.Government.

D.Manufacturers.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.therearemoreobesechildrenthanadults

B.obesitywilldrainfundsfromgovernmentresources

C.corporationsdonotcareaboutobesity

D.lackofphysicalactivitycontributestoobesity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Newgovernmentlawsconsumersbuydifferentitemsmanufacturerschangeproducts.

B.Manufacturersincreasesugarcontentmorechildrenbuyproductslifespanisshortened.

C.Regularexerciseprogramlearningtocookownfoodreductioninobesity.

D.Televisionadvertisingisregulatedmanufacturersloserevenueproductcostsdecrease.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.analogy

B.rhetoric

C.hypocrisy

D.sophistry

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。文章第四段第二句提到weliveinanobesogenicenvironment,andsomemoresothanothers(morethantwiceasmanychildrenindeprivedareasareobeseasinaffluentareas)貧困地區(qū)的肥胖人數(shù)是富裕地區(qū)的兩倍，選項(xiàng)C“經(jīng)濟(jì)不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的肥胖人數(shù)更多”符合題意。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到其他國家的政府采取措施強(qiáng)制廣告商、生產(chǎn)商對(duì)那些容易發(fā)胖的食物進(jìn)行改良，比如拉美的一些國家。文章最后一段提到，如果政府不采取措施制止，最后買單的還是民眾。由此可知，之所以在阻止肥胖上沒有成功，是政府沒有采取相應(yīng)的措施。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。文章第二段第一句話提到thechiefexecutiveoftheUK'sNationalHealthService,whosecautioningthatobesitycouldbankruptthehealthservice肥胖問題會(huì)使得醫(yī)療服務(wù)破產(chǎn)，因此選項(xiàng)B可以排除；文章第五段提到一些食品公司用各種手段吸引消費(fèi)者，并沒有考慮食物是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致他們肥胖，因此選項(xiàng)C可以排除；文章第三段提到ChildreninschoolsinEngland'sWestMidlandsweregivenayearofextraphysicalactivitysessions學(xué)校為學(xué)生們?cè)黾恿艘荒甑捏w育鍛煉課程，說明缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)也是導(dǎo)致肥胖的一個(gè)原因，因此選項(xiàng)D可以排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。文章最后一段提到禁止在早上九點(diǎn)之前播放垃圾食品廣告這個(gè)方法已經(jīng)過時(shí)，而是應(yīng)該對(duì)那些含糖分高的垃圾食品從推廣到稅收都采取相關(guān)措施。如果政府在這些方面無法調(diào)控的話，最終買單的是民眾——健康受損，稅也要納更多。選項(xiàng)A“新政策實(shí)施；消費(fèi)者購買東西的種類增加；生產(chǎn)商改變生產(chǎn)”符合題意。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。文章第五段后半部分提到那些食品公司一方面說食物攝取的多少看個(gè)人自律程度，另一方面又將包裝家庭分量的食物賣給個(gè)人，也不管這些食物是高鹽，高糖分（Thus,thesecompaniestellusthatweshouldnotrestrictindividualfreedom;thatitisuptopeopletoshowself-discipline;andthattheirproductsarefineasoccasionalindulgences-nevermindthattheypresentfamily-sizepacksasiftheyaresuitableforindividuals,northathighlyprocessedfoods,packedwithsaltandsugar,tendtobecheapertoproduce,storeanddeliver-aswellasbeinghabit-forming）。由此可知，這是在詭辯。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

20.單選題

Iignoredanoldwomanwhoaskedmeformoneyinthestreetyesterdayandit’sbeenonmy（

）eversince.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.morality

B.conscience

C.morale

D.rationale

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。onmyconscience“我的良心受譴責(zé)”。句意：我無視了一個(gè)在街上向我借錢的老婦人，這讓我的良心很不安。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

21.單選題

Thepublicisvery（

）aboutthegovernment’splansforataxcut.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.susceptible

B.dubious

C.suspicious

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】意:公眾不太相信政府的減稅計(jì)劃。

形容詞辨析。Susceptible易受影響的;dubious可疑的，懷疑的,后接about;suspicious可疑的，多疑的,后接of;deliberate故意的。因此無論從句意還是從搭配上,B項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

AsGilbertWhite,Darwin,andothersobservedlongago,allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.Thetaskforecologistsistountangletheenvironmentalandbiologicalfactorsthatholdthisintrinsiccapacityforpopulationgrowthincheckdifferentpopulationsmakesthisoverthelongrun.Thegreatvarietyofdynamicbehaviorsexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsmakesthistaskmoredifficult:somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyear;otherexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity;stillothersvarywildly,withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather,andinothercasesnot.

Toimposesomeorderonthiskaleidoscopeofpatterns,oneschoolofthoughtproposesdividingpopulationsintotwogroups.Theseecologistspositthattherelativelysteadypopulationshave“density-dependent”growthparameters;thatis,ratesofbirth,death,andmigrationwhichdependstronglyonpopulationdensity.Thehighlyvaryingpopulationshave“density-independent”growthparameters,withvital,ratesbuffetedbyenvironmentalevents;theseratesfluctuateinawaythatiswhollyindependentofpopulationdensity.

Thisdichotomyhasitsuses,butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally.Foronethingnopopulationcanbedrivenentirelybydensity-independentfactorsallthetime.Nomatterhowseverelyorunpredictablybirth,deathandmigrationratesmaybefluctuatingaroundtheirlong-termaverages,iftherewerenodensity-dependenteffects,thepopulationwould,inthelongrun,eitherincreaseordecreasewithoutbound(barringamiraclebywhichgainsandlossescanceledexactly).Putanotherway,itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independentcauses,andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant,andtheircausemaybecorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.Yet,whetherrecognizedornot,theywillusuallydeterminethelong-termaveragepopulationdensity.

Inordertounderstandthenatureoftheecologist’sinvestigation,wemaythinkofthedensity-dependenteffectsongrowthparametersasthe“signal”ecologistsaretryingtoisolateandinterpret,onethattendstomakethepopulationincreasefromrelativelylowvaluesordecreasefromrelativelyhighones,whilethedensity-independenteffectsacttoproduce“noise”inthepopulationdynamics.Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant,orthatoscillatearoundrepeatedcycles,thesignalcanbefairlyeasilycharacterizedanditseffectsdes