考研考博-英語-云南民族大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南民族大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

1.Herwholebeingwasfilledwithavague______,whichwaslikeashadow,likeamistpassingacrosshersoul’ssummerday.

2.Asshehadforgottenherkeys,shegotintothehousebythesimple______ofclimbingthroughawindow.

3.Alltheticketsfortheconcerthadbeensold.FortunatelyIknewoneoftheactorsandbyworkingthe______wewereabletoseeit.

4.Nuclearexplosioncanbeafatal______thatwillcauseheavylossoflife.

5.ProfessorSmithpossessesa______.That’swhyheissopopularwithhisstudents.

問題1選項

A.deference

B.oracle

C.impediment

D.anguish

E.appellation

F.expedient

G.catastrophe

H.cubicle

I.charisma

J.paragon

問題2選項

A.deference

B.oracle

C.impediment

D.anguish

E.appellation

F.expedient

G.catastrophe

H.cubicle

I.charisma

J.paragon

問題3選項

A.deference

B.oracle

C.impediment

D.anguish

E.appellation

F.expedient

G.catastrophe

H.cubicle

I.charisma

J.paragon

問題4選項

A.deference

B.oracle

C.impediment

D.anguish

E.appellation

F.expedient

G.catastrophe

H.cubicle

I.charisma

J.paragon

問題5選項

A.deference

B.oracle

C.impediment

D.anguish

E.appellation

F.expedient

G.catastrophe

H.cubicle

I.charisma

J.paragon

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:F

第3題:B

第4題:G

第5題:I

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.deference遵從，尊重n.B.oracle神諭，神示n.

C.impediment妨礙，阻礙n.D.anguish劇痛，極度痛苦n.

E.appellation名稱，稱呼n.F.expedient權(quán)宜之計，應(yīng)急辦法n./adj.

G.catastrophe災(zāi)難，災(zāi)禍n.H.cubicle（大房間分隔出的）小房間，隔間n.

I.charisma超凡的個人魅力，感召力n.J.paragon完人，典范n.

1.【答案】D

【解題思路】分析題目可知，空缺處缺少名詞。結(jié)合修飾空格處的定語從句“這種______像陰影，像籠罩她心靈的夏日的薄霧”可知，空格處填入anguish表示“痛苦，苦惱”符合語境。因此，本題正確答案為D項。

【句意】她的整個身心充滿了一種隱隱約約的痛苦，這種痛苦像陰影，像籠罩她心靈的夏日的薄霧。

2.【答案】F

【解題思路】分析題目可知，空缺處缺少名詞。由句子意思“因為她忘記帶鑰匙，她以從爬窗子這種最簡單的______進入了房間”可知，空格處填入expedient表示“應(yīng)急手段”符合語境。因此，本題正確答案為F項。

【句意】由于忘了帶鑰匙，她以從爬窗子這種最簡單的應(yīng)急辦法進入了房間。

3.【答案】B

【解題思路】分析題目可知，空缺處缺少work的賓語，因此應(yīng)選擇名詞。第二句的意思是“幸運的是，我認識其中一個演員，我們通過______才看成了音樂會”，而短語worktheoracle原本表示“收買僧侶以得到所希望的神諭”，在這可引申為“走關(guān)系”，因此該題選擇B項。

【句意】音樂會的票都賣完了。幸運的是，我認識其中一個演員，我們通過走關(guān)系才看成了音樂會。

4.【答案】G

【解題思路】分析題目可知，空缺處缺少名詞。由前面的關(guān)鍵詞Nuclearexplosion（核爆炸）可知，空格處表示“災(zāi)難”符合句意。因此，該題選擇G項。

【句意】核爆炸可能是致命的災(zāi)難，會造成重大的生命損失。

5.【答案】I

【解題思路】分析題目可知，空缺處缺少名詞。根據(jù)第二句的句意“這就是為什么他在學(xué)生中那么受歡迎”可推知，第一句中的“史密斯教授”是有超凡的個人魅力。因此，該題選擇I項。

【句意】史密斯教授具有超凡的魅力。這就是為什么他在學(xué)生中那么受歡迎。

2.單選題

Nervousaboutflyinginplanes,（）.

問題1選項

A.thirtyyearsagopeopleknewnothingofspacetravel

B.peopleknewnothingofspacetravelthirtyyearsago

C.spacetravelwasunknownbypeoplethirtyyearsago

D.becausepeopleknewnothingofspacethirtyyearsago

【答案】B

【解析】考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。A選項時間狀語要放在句尾，跟前面句型保持一致；B選項正確，前面說的是nervous，也就是人們擔(dān)心，因此后面也必須先出現(xiàn)人們；C選項主謂不一致，可排除；D選項缺少成分。句意：坐飛機感到緊張……。因此答案為B選項。

3.單選題

Theseriouslookingmenindulgedthemselvesinaconversationasiftheywere（）ofthenoisycrowdssurroundingthem.

問題1選項

A.negligible

B.discerned

C.ignorant

D.oblivious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項negligible“微不足道的”；B選項discerned“察覺，辨別”；C選項ignorant“無知的”；D選項oblivious“健忘的”。句意：這些外表嚴肅的人沉浸在會話當(dāng)中，似乎對周圍嘈雜的人群一無所知。選項C符合句意。

4.單選題

Thecountry'sproductiondroppedwhilepricesandunemployed（

）.

問題1選項

A.under-questioned

B.out-space

C.overestimated

D.skyrocketed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。under-question“在受盤問中”；out-space是名詞，意思是“外部空間”；overestimate“對……估計過高”；skyrocket“飛漲；猛漲”。While前后是對比關(guān)系，前面提到“這個國家的生產(chǎn)下降”，因此后面是表示“價格和失業(yè)率在上升”，選項D符合題意。

5.單選題

Rotationreferstotheturningoftheearth,（）tothemovementaroundthesun.

問題1選項

A.besidesrevolution

B.revolutionrefers

C.andrevolution

D.whilerevolutionreferring

【答案】C

【解析】考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。A選項besidesrevolution“除了公轉(zhuǎn)”；B選項revolutionrefers“公轉(zhuǎn)”；C選項andrevolution“公轉(zhuǎn)”；D選項whilerevolutionreferring“同時公轉(zhuǎn)意味著”。句意：自轉(zhuǎn)是指地球的轉(zhuǎn)動，……是指圍繞太陽的運動。A選項句子不通順，B選項句子缺少結(jié)構(gòu)，D選項需要加is，根據(jù)句意可知C選項正確。

6.單選題

Endangeredspeciesareplantsandanimalsthatareinimmediatedangerofextinction.Extinctionisactuallyanormalprocessinthecourseofevolution.Sincetheformationoftheearth,manymorespecieshavebecomeextinctthanthoseexisttoday.Thesespeciesslowlydisappearedbecauseofchangesofclimateandtheirfailuretoadapttosuchconditionsascompetitionandpredation（捕食）.Sincethe1600s,however,theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachment（侵犯）onnaturalecologysystems.Todaythemajorityoftheworld’senvironmentsarechangingfasterthantheabilityofmostspeciestoadapttosuchchangesthroughnaturalselection.

Speciesbecomeextinctorendangeredforanumberofreasons,buttheprimarycauseisthedestructionofnaturalhabitats（棲息地）.Drainageofwetlands（沼澤地），cuttingandclearingofforests,growthofcities,andhighwayanddamconstructionhaveseriouslyreducedavailablenaturalhabitats.Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas,causingfurtherdestructionofnaturalsurroundings.Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind,thusreducingtheirgeneticvariationandmakingthemlessadaptabletoenvironmentchanges.

Sincethe1600s,commercialexploitationofanimalsforfoodandotherproductshascausedmanyspeciestobecomeextinctorendangered.Introduceddiseasesandparasiteshavealsogreatlyreducedsomespecies.Pollutionisanotherimportantcauseoftheirextinction.

Someprivateandgovernmentaleffortshavebeenorganizedtosavedecliningspecies.Lawsweremadeinsomecountriesintheearly1900stoprotectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.InternationalendeavorsareshownintheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies,approvedby51nations.Itspurposeistorestrictexploitationofwildanimalsandplantsbyregulatingandrestrictingtradeincertainspecies.Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcement（實施）andsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.Becauseofalackoflawenforcement,thewillingnessofsomesegmentsofsocietytotradeinendangeredspecies,theactivitiesofpeoplewhocatchandkillanimalsillegallyanddealerswhosupplythetrade,thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorcausingtherapidextinctionofmanspeciessincethe17thcentury?

2.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theword“islands”refersto_______.

3.Thispassagementionsallofthefollowingreasonsthatcausetheextinctionofmanspeciesexcept______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostimportantinsavingdecliningspecies?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheprospectofprotectingendangeredspeciesfrombeingextinct?

問題1選項

A.Humanbeingsarenotawareoftheimportanceofpreservingendangeredspecies.

B.Someendangeredspecieshavealreadyreachedtheendoftheirlifespaninevolution.

C.Thedevelopmentofhumansocietyhasgreatlyaffectednaturalecologysystems.

D.Theworld’sclimatehaschangedsogreatlythatmostspeciescannotsurvive.

問題2選項

A.thelandsthatarecompletelysurroundedbywater

B.thewildanimals’breedinggroundsprotectedbylaw

C.thepiecesoflandseparatedbymodembuildingsandroads

D.thesmallandisolatedareasinhabitedbycertainspecies

問題3選項

A.naturalselectionofspecies

B.variousnaturaldisasters

C.commercialtradeandkilling

D.destructionofnaturalsurroundings

問題4選項

A.Governmentsshouldmakesomelawstoprotectendangeredspecies.

B.Peopleshouldpaymoreattentiontotheprotectionofnaturalsurroundings.

C.Relevantlawsmustbemadeandenforcedwiththesupportofthepeople.

D.Someorganizationsshouldwarnpeoplenottotradeinendangeredanimals.

問題5選項

A.Worried.

B.Optimistic.

C.Indifferent.

D.Confident.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第五句，“theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachmentonnaturalecologysystems.”，可知滅絕速度加快的原因是人類人口的增長和科學(xué)技術(shù)對自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的侵犯。選項C符合題意。

2.語義題。根據(jù)第二段第三句，“Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas…”，可知環(huán)境變成了碎片，剩下的動物聚集在更小的區(qū)域里，下文的smallislands就是指這些區(qū)域。根據(jù)“Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind”，可知生活在這個小區(qū)域里的物種與其他同類中種群失去了聯(lián)系。所以是孤立的。選項D符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。考查對物種滅絕的原因的理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句，“anormalprocessinthecourseofevolution”，可知物種滅絕是進化中的一個正常過程，選項A可排除。根據(jù)第二段第一句，“…thedestructionofnaturalhabitats…”，棲息地的破壞也是物種滅絕的原因，選項D可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句，“…protectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.”，商業(yè)買賣和殺害也是原因，選項C可排除。選項B符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcementandsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.”，使法律有效發(fā)揮作用的關(guān)鍵在于人們和法院的實施和支持，所以相關(guān)法律需要在人們的支持下制定和實施是最重要的。選項C符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句，“thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.”，可知作者認為盡管有法律保護，許多物種的未來仍然尚存疑問。所以作者是擔(dān)憂的態(tài)度。選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

To（

）importantdatesinhistory,countriescreatespecialholidays.

問題1選項

A.commend

B.memorize

C.propagate

D.commemorate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項commend“表揚，推薦”；B選項memorize“記憶，記住”；C選項propagate“傳播，繁殖”；D選項commemorate“紀念，慶祝”。根據(jù)importantdates（重要日期）可知D選項最符合邏輯。句意：為了紀念歷史上的重要日期，國家會設(shè)立特別假日。

8.單選題

Parentsoftenfallintothetrapofofferingotherfoodinorderto（

）thechildtoeat.

問題1選項

A.tempt

B.manipulate

C.incense

D.escort

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。tempt“吸引，誘使”；manipulate“操作，操控”；incense“使激怒”；escort“護送，陪同”。句意：家長們常常陷入困境，通過別的食物來吸引孩子好好吃飯。選項A符合句意。

9.單選題

Mymotherraisedmeasbestasshecould,takingonoddjobsintheneighborhoodformoney.Stillwithoutafathertotellmehowtoactandwhatwasexpectedofme,Ifeltlost.IwanderedforyearsandgotinvolvedwithtoughguysontheEastSideofNewYork.Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.Iwantedtobelikethem.

ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,afterfollowingmymother’sadvice.Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,andmythoughtsoftenrantomymother.IrealizedsuddenlyjusthowmuchofaheartacheImusthavebeentoher,howlittleIhadnoticedhersuffering.Whenmyfatherleftthisworld,mymotherwascompletelyalone.Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.Andassheworkedhardatthislabor,shekeptherheadhigh.Eachweekshewouldbringapileofbookshomefromthelibraryandreadtous.Mymotherhadwantednothingmorethanformetoturnintoanhonestresponsibleman.ButIhadactedagainsther.Finally,almosttoolateIhadthesensetofeelshame.

TenyearspassedandIreturnedtotheapartmentontheEastSide.IknewIwouldn’tfallbackinwiththewrongpeople,althoughIstillwasn’tsurewhereIwasheading.Mymother,Icouldtellwasworriedaboutme.Inmyneighborhood,tobecomeapoliceofficerorafirefighterwasamarkofsignificantsocialsuccessandachievement.Formeitwasanopportunityforarealstartinlife.IwonderedifIwasuptoit,butIknewthatitwastimetotry.WhenIfoundmyselfinthebighallraisingmyhandstotakethefirefighter’soathofoffice,mymotherwassittingafewrowsbehindwithasmileofrelief.SheknewthatatlastIwasoffonlife’sroadandmovingsteadily.Hersmilesaid,“Myjobisfinallydone.”

1.Fromthisstory,wemayguessthattheEastSideofNewYorkmustbea（）area.

2.Theauthorusedtobehavehimself（）.

3.Fromthecontext,weunderstandthat“oddjobs”inthefirstparagraphrefertojobs（）.

4.Inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theauthorsays“Itwasluckyformethat...”Theluckyexperiencehetalksabouthereishisexperienceof（）.

5.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.commercial

B.rich

C.poor

D.distant

問題2選項

A.oddly

B.toughly

C.remarkably

D.badly

問題3選項

A.ofcleaning,washingandironing

B.whicharenotregularorfixed

C.whichonecanmakeextramoneywith

D.withhousework

問題4選項

A.thethreeyearsofmilitaryservice

B.leavingaworldofdiscipline

C.leavingthecityandhismother

D.fightingwithtoughguys

問題5選項

A.Afterherhusbanddied,hismotherdidallavailablejobstosupportthefamily.

B.Theauthorwassurprisedthathewasacceptedasafirefighter.

C.Theauthorfinallyrealizedthathismotheralwayswantedhimtobeanhonestandresponsibleman.

D.Infaceofpoverty,hismotherneverloweredherhead.Shebravelystruggledon.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段“Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.”他們會為一枚掉在地上的硬幣瘋狂地打斗,他們會去偷想要的東西。由此可以推斷,這個地區(qū)很貧窮,選項C正確。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的首句“ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,...”我很幸運,在聽從了母親的建議后,我離開了這座城市,進入了一個有紀律的世界。根據(jù)“discipline”可推測,作者以前的表現(xiàn)應(yīng)該是badly,選項D最恰當(dāng)。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段,可知“oddjobs”是母親做的工作。再根據(jù)第二段“Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.”所以選項A符合原文。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,...”可知,作者覺得幸運的經(jīng)歷是在部隊服役的三年經(jīng)歷。選項A正確。

5.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段后半部分的內(nèi)容可知選項A和D正確;根據(jù)第二段最后三句“Mymotherhad...thesensetofeelshame.”可知選項C也正確;所以本題選B。

10.單選題

Butthechanges,evenatthisearlystageofthe2012campaign,haveprovenmoredramaticand（）thanallbutthemost（）analysthadimagined.

問題1選項

A.exciting...pessimistic

B.unsettling...fretful

C.upsetting...optimistic

D.discomposing...lighthearted

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Exciting“興奮的，激動的”；pessimistic“悲觀的”；unsettling“使人不安的”；fretful“焦躁的”；upsetting“令人苦惱的”；optimistic“樂觀的”；discomposing“使不安”；lighthearted“無憂無慮的”。句意：但事實證明，即便是在2012年競選早期，這些變化也比最焦躁不安的分析學(xué)家想象的更為劇烈和令人不安。選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Theemergenceofextraterrestriallife,particularlyintelligentlife,isakeytestfortheserivalinstances.

問題1選項

A.doctrines

B.heresies

C.examples

D.debates

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項doctrinesn.主義，學(xué)說，教義；B選項heresiesn.異端邪說，異教；C選項examplesn.例子，實例；D選項debatesn.辯論，討論。句意：外星生命，尤其是有智慧生命的出現(xiàn)，對于這些競爭對手情況是一個關(guān)鍵性的測試。因此，C選項正確。

12.單選題

TheexhibitionattheShanghaiScienceandTechnologyCenter（

）suchendangeredanimalsasthegiantpandaandtheSiberiantigeranddescribestheworkbeingdonetoprotectthem.

問題1選項

A.detects

B.exploits

C.features

D.survive

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。detect察覺，發(fā)現(xiàn)；exploit利用，開發(fā)；feature以...為特色；survive幸存，生還。句意：在上海科技中心舉辦的展覽以大熊貓和東北虎等瀕危動物為特色，并且描述了保護它們所做的工作。選項C符合句意。

13.單選題

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisarmedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes—forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

46.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit______.

47.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope,______.

48.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach______.

49.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

50.Thebesttitleforthepassageis______.

問題1選項

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

問題2選項

A.mayleadtoantiscientific,impureresults

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

問題3選項

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturalscience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

問題4選項

A.Scientistsengagedintheoreticalresearchshouldnotbeblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

問題5選項

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】46.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“要定義科學(xué)，我們可以簡單地把科學(xué)稱之為……”。第一段最后一句提到Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).（為了使解釋盡可能簡單，假設(shè)科學(xué)被定義為分類的知識），由此可知D項“分類的知識”正確。A項“對不相關(guān)學(xué)科的研究”，原文未提及，A項不選。B項“解釋自然現(xiàn)象的一種嘗試”，第二段第四句提到Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.（例如，假設(shè)和理論是試圖解釋自然現(xiàn)象），因此B項錯誤。C項“對不相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究”，原文也未提及，C項錯誤。因此該題選D。

47.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“導(dǎo)致了顯微鏡問世的純科學(xué)是……”。文章中最后一段最后兩句指出oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopurescienceisnotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.（我們應(yīng)該記住，顯微鏡的構(gòu)造必須先于細胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)；許多獻身于純科學(xué)的科學(xué)家并沒有因為忽視了他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的實用性而感到抱歉；他們從經(jīng)驗中知道，大多數(shù)知識最終都會得到應(yīng)用），由此可知顯微鏡的問世是先于細胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)，且純科學(xué)先于應(yīng)用科學(xué)，故B項“必然先于應(yīng)用科學(xué)，導(dǎo)致細胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)”正確，由此可知D項“這是應(yīng)用科學(xué)和細胞發(fā)現(xiàn)的必然結(jié)果”是不正確的。A項“可能導(dǎo)致反科學(xué)、不純的結(jié)果”和C項“并不總是像我們想象的那樣純粹”文中都沒有提及。因此該題選B。

48.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“一個對擴展我們關(guān)于氧氣的一般知識感興趣的科學(xué)家可能會稱他的方法為……”。根據(jù)第四段Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisarmedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes（實際上，發(fā)現(xiàn)新信息有兩種基本方法。一種旨在滿足好奇心，被稱為純科學(xué)；另一種則是將知識用于特定目的。）可以推斷，對于擴展我們關(guān)于氧氣的一般知識感興趣的科學(xué)家的方法是一種純科學(xué)，因此C項“純科學(xué)”符合題意。A項“應(yīng)用科學(xué)”錯誤；B項“農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)”和D項“環(huán)境科學(xué)”文中都沒有提到。因此該題選C。

49.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者暗示了下列哪一種說法？”。文章最后一句話提到Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.（許多獻身于純科學(xué)的科學(xué)家并沒有因為忽視了他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的實用性而感到抱歉；他們從經(jīng)驗中知道，大多數(shù)知識最終都會得到應(yīng)用。），由此可知從事理論研究的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該因忽視其發(fā)現(xiàn)的應(yīng)用而受到責(zé)備，因為大多數(shù)的理論最終都能得到應(yīng)用，故A項“從事理論研究的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該因為忽視他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)的實用方面而受到指責(zé)”正確。B項“今天很少有人對科學(xué)的意義有任何概念”，文章首句提到Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.（“科學(xué)”這個詞在現(xiàn)代社會被如此頻繁地聽到，以至于幾乎每個人都對它的含義有一些概念），由此可知B項錯誤。C項“在科學(xué)上，區(qū)分事實和虛構(gòu)并不難”，第二段第一句提到Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.（即使在真正的科學(xué)中，區(qū)分事實和虛構(gòu)也并不總是容易的），可知C項錯誤。D項“務(wù)實的人能夠理解純科學(xué)的意義和目的”，最后一段第一句提到Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.（有時，注重實際的人忽視了純科學(xué)的意義，只想到它能立即應(yīng)用于經(jīng)濟回報。）可知，D項也錯誤。因此該題選A。

50.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的標題是什么？”。從文章大意中可知，全文都在圍繞科學(xué)在每個人心中的定義與重視理論與實踐的科學(xué)家進行論述，故A項“科學(xué)的本質(zhì)與科學(xué)家”更能概括全文。B項“生物學(xué)和科學(xué)時代”，文章只在第三段提到了生物學(xué)；C項“假設(shè)和理論”只是第二段的一個例子；D項“論區(qū)分事實與虛構(gòu)”只在第二段提到過。因此該題選A。

14.單選題

Ilearntthattherearenogenuinely,（

）animalsinthisarea,alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces.

問題1選項

A.endangered

B.domesticated

C.indigenous

D.extinct

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。endangered意為“快要絕種的”；domesticated意為“馴化了的”；indigenous意為“本地的，土生土長的”；extinct意為“滅絕的”。由后面的alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces（這里所有的動物都是從外地引進的）可知前面表示這個地區(qū)的動物不是土生土長的，選C。

句意：我了解到這個地區(qū)沒有真正本土的動物，這里所有的動物都是從外地引進的。

15.單選題

Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.

Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopolytheyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain:truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.

Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensivetimeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.

Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It’stheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.

Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes:stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjustmillion,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.

31.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailway,monopolyisunlikelybecause（）.

32.Whatismanycaptiveshippers’attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?

33.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that（）.

34.Theword“arbiters”(Paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose（）.

35.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby（）.

問題1選項

A.costreductionisbasedoncompetition

B.servicescallforcross-tradecoordination

C.outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist

D.shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat

問題2選項

A.Indifferent

B.Supportive

C.Indignant

D.Apprehensive

問題3選項

A.shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad

B.therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide

C.overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief

D.agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness

問題4選項

A.whoworkascoordinators

B.whofunctionasjudges

C.whosupervisetransactions

D.whodeterminetheprice

問題5選項

A.thecontinuingacquisition

B.thegrowingtraffic

C.thecheeringWallStreet

D.theshrinkingmarket

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】31.客觀細節(jié)題。定位在第二段Anythreatofmonopolytheyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.（他們認為，來自卡車的激烈競爭消除了任何壟斷的威脅）由此可以推論對于那些支持合并鐵路的人來說，做到壟斷運輸是不可能的，因為還有卡車以及其他運輸工具的威脅。因此C選項“外部競爭者將繼續(xù)存在”，正確，符合題意。A選項“成本的降低是基于競爭”與題意不符可排除，B選項“服務(wù)需要跨貿(mào)易協(xié)調(diào)”定位到第二段第一句Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.（新的超級系統(tǒng)的擁護者認為，這些合并將大幅降低成本，更好地協(xié)調(diào)服務(wù)。）只是談及合并的好處，與題意不符，可排除。D選項“托運人將扼住鐵路的咽喉”，根據(jù)原文truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.（卡車運輸成本太高，因此被鐵路公司扼住了咽喉）表述有誤，偷換主語，可排除。故選C。

32.觀點態(tài)度題。定位在第二段Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain:truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.（但是，許多托運人抱怨說，對于長途運輸?shù)拇笞谏唐罚缑禾?、化學(xué)品和糧食，卡車運輸成本太高，因此鐵路就會扼住他們的咽喉。）第五段句首Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.（許多受控制的托運人還擔(dān)心，他們很快將遭遇一輪大幅漲價。）以及Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.（許多托運人擔(dān)心隨著諾?？四戏焦竞徒y(tǒng)一鐵路公司牢牢控制住市場，他們將可能成為買單人。）綜上可知，托運人對鐵路行業(yè)的整合是有顧慮和擔(dān)憂的。A選項“漠不關(guān)心的”，B選項“支持的”，C選項“憤怒的”，D選項“憂慮的”。因此D選項符合題意。故選D。

33.推理判斷題。定位到第三段最后一句Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensivetimeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.（覺得自己被多收費的托運人有權(quán)向聯(lián)邦政府的陸路運輸委員會上訴，要求降低費率，但這一過程既昂貴又耗時，而且只有在真正極端的情況下才會奏效。）由此可以推論出，托運人覺得被多收費時，是可以上訴的，但是很難奏效，除非遇