考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京理工大學(xué)泰州科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京理工大學(xué)泰州科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Bribery（）theconfidencethatmustexistbetweenbuyerandseller.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aggravates

B.deteriorates

C.corrodes

D.degenerates

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:aggravates“加重，使惡化；使惱火”；B:deteriorates“惡化，變壞”；C:corrodes“（漸漸）損害；（一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地）損傷”；D:degenerates“使退化；惡化；使變質(zhì)”。句意：賄賂傷害了買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方必須存在的信任。根據(jù)句意及動(dòng)賓搭配可知C最合適。

2.單選題

Ifonebrandofcomputeris（）withanotherbrand,theycanbeusedtogetherandcanusethesamesoftware.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.competent

B.compulsory

C.comparable

D.compatible

【答案】D

【解析】competent勝任的,有能力的；compulsory義務(wù)的,必修的；comparable同等的,可比較的；compatible兼容的,能共處的。句意：如果一個(gè)品牌的電腦與另一個(gè)品牌的電腦兼容,它們就可以一起使用,并且可以使用相同的軟件。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

3.單選題

Thegrowthofpopulationduringthepastfewcenturiesisnoproofthatpopulationwillcontinuetogrowstraightupwardtowardinfinityanddoom.Onthecontrary,demographichistoryoffersevidencethatpopulationgrowthhasnotbeenatallconstant.Accordingtopaleo-ecologistEdwardDeevey,thepastmillionyearsshowthreemomentouschanges.Thefirst,arapidincreaseinpopulationaroundonemillionB.C.,followedtheinnovationsoftool-makingandtool-using.Butwhenthenewpowerfromtheuseoftoolshadbeenexploited,therateofworldpopulationgrowthfellandbecamealmoststable.

Thenextrapidjumpinpopulationstartedperhaps10.000yearsago,whenmenbegantokeepherds,plowandplanttheearth.Onceagainwheninitialproductivitygainshadbeenabsorbed,therateofpopulationgrowthabated.

Thesetwoepisodessuggestthatthethirdgreatchange,thepresentrapidgrowth,whichbeganintheWestbetween250and350yearsago,mayalsoslowdownwhen,oriftechnologybeginstoyieldfewerinnovations.Ofcourse,thecurrentknowledgerevolutionmaycontinuewithoutforeseeableend.Eitherway—contrarytopopularbeliefinconstantgeometricgrowth—populationcanbeexpectedinthelongruntoadjusttoproductivity.Andwhenonetakesthisview,populationgrowthisseentorepresenteconomicprogressandhumantriumphratherthansocialfailure.

1.Inthepassage,whendidthefirstsignificantdemographicchangeoccur?

2.Whatdidhumanbeingslearntodowhenthe2nddemographicchangetookplace?

3.Whatisfoundtohavecloserelationshipwithrapidincreaseinpopulation?

4.Whatcanbeconcludedwhenthecurrenttideofknowledgerevolutionebbs?

5.Whatistheconceptmostpeoplehaveonpopulationgrowth?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Threetofourcenturiesago.

B.Tenthousandyearsago.

C.Atatimewhensteamedenginewasinvented.

D.Atatimewhenhumanbeingsbegantousetools.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tousestone.

B.Toplanttheearth.

C.Tobuildaircraft.

D.Toderiveautomobiles.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Warbetween2centuries.

B.Waysdiscoveredtoincreaseproductivity.

C.Migrationfromacontinenttoanothercontinent.

D.Anewreligionbeginningtobeacceptedbypeople.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Productivitywillrise.

B.Productivitywillreceivenoimpact.

C.Populationgrowthwillslowdown.

D.Populationgrowthwillbecomeaccelerated.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepopulationisalwaysinconstantgeometricgrowth.

B.Rapidgrowthisfollowedbystablegrowth.

C.Deceleratedgrowthisfollowedbyadecline

D.Nogrowthatall.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“arapidincreaseinpopulationaroundonemillionB.C.,followedtheinnovationsoftool-makingandtool-using.”公元前100萬(wàn)年左右，人口迅速增長(zhǎng)，伴隨著工具制造的創(chuàng)新和工具的使用。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thenextrapidjumpinpopulationstartedperhaps10.000yearsago,whenmenbegantokeepherds,plowandplanttheearth.”第二次人口的快速增長(zhǎng)大約始于一萬(wàn)年前，那時(shí)人們開(kāi)始放牧、犁地和種地。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Onceagainwheninitialproductivitygainshadbeenabsorbed,therateofpopulationgrowthabated.”當(dāng)最初的生產(chǎn)力增長(zhǎng)再次被吸收后，人口增長(zhǎng)率又降低了。由此推斷，人口的增長(zhǎng)和生產(chǎn)力的提高有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“thepresentrapidgrowth,...,mayalsoslowdownwhen,oriftechnologybeginstoyieldfewerinnovations.”如果技術(shù)創(chuàng)新開(kāi)始減少，當(dāng)前人口的快速增長(zhǎng)也可能放緩。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“...popularbeliefinconstantgeometricgrowth...”選項(xiàng)A與原文相符。

4.單選題

Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity”,butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.Inthusmaintainingthatwages—workhelpedtoproduceanew“consciousness”amongwomen.Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTentlerthatforwomentheworkexperienceonlyservedtoreinforcetheattractivenessofthedominantideology.AccordingtotheTentler,thedegradingconditionsunderwhichmanyfemalewageearnersworkedmadethemviewthefamilyasasourceofpowerandesteemavailablenowhereelseintheirsocialworld.Incontrast,Eisenstein’sstudyinsiststhatwage-workhadotherimplicationsforwomen’sidentitiesandconsciousness.Mostimportantly,herworkaimstodemonstratethatwage-workenabledwomentobecomeawareofthemselvesasadistinctsocialgroupcapableofdefiningtheircollectivecircumstance.Eisensteininsiststhatasagroupworking-classwomenwerenotabletocometocollectiveconsciousnessoftheirsituationuntiltheybeganenteringthelaborforce,becausedomesticworktendedtoisolatethemfromoneanother.

Unfortunately,Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.Andthereislessthanadequateattentiongiventothedifferingvaluesofimmigrantgroupsthatmadeupasignificantproportionofthepopulationunderinvestigation.Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswer,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,inEisenstein’sview,workingwomenattheturnofthecenturyhadwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardthedominantideologyoftheirtime?

3.WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoapproveasacontinuationofEisenstein’sstudy?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticizeascholar’sassumptionsandmethodology

B.evaluateanapproachtowomen’sstudy

C.comparetwosociologicaltheories

D.defendanunpopularideology

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyresentedthedominantideologyasdegrading.

B.Theypreferredthedominantideologytootheravailableideologies.

C.Theybelievedthatthedominantideologyisolatedthemfromoneanother.

D.Theyacceptedsomebutnotallaspectsofthedominantideology.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Adocumentaryaccountoflabor’sroleintheintroductionofwomenintothelaborforce.

B.Ananalysisoflettersanddiarieswrittenbytypicalfemalewageearnersattheturnofthecentury.

C.Anassessmentofwhatdifferentsocialandpoliticalgroupsdefinedasthedominantideologyintheearlytwentiethcentury.

D.Atheoreticalstudyofhowsocialismandfeminisminfluencedoneanotherattheturnofthecentury.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.”，SarahEisenstein在其未完成但極具啟發(fā)性的文章中，關(guān)注了從本世紀(jì)初到第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間職業(yè)女性?xún)r(jià)值觀的演變。可判斷出本篇文章對(duì)女性研究的相關(guān)話題展開(kāi)討論。下文緊接著提到了愛(ài)森斯坦在職業(yè)和工作對(duì)女性的影響問(wèn)題的研究。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.”，愛(ài)森斯坦未完成的研究沒(méi)有充分深入或詳細(xì)地發(fā)展這些觀點(diǎn)，只提供了令人感興趣的線索，而沒(méi)有詳盡的分析?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為愛(ài)森斯坦對(duì)女性的研究是不充分的，所以本篇文章的目的就是為了對(duì)女性研究的方法進(jìn)行評(píng)估。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity”,butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”，愛(ài)森斯坦認(rèn)為，世紀(jì)初的女性既沒(méi)有完全接受也沒(méi)有拒絕所謂的“家庭生活”的主導(dǎo)意識(shí)形態(tài)，而是接受了這種意識(shí)形態(tài)和其他可用的意識(shí)形態(tài)——女權(quán)主義、社會(huì)主義、工會(huì)主義——并根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和需要對(duì)它們進(jìn)行修改或調(diào)整。可判斷出女性只接受主流意識(shí)形態(tài)的某些方面，而不是全部。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.”，愛(ài)森斯坦未完成的研究沒(méi)有充分深入或詳細(xì)地發(fā)展這些觀點(diǎn)，提供了令人感興趣的線索，而不是詳盡的分析。不管愛(ài)森斯坦的總體計(jì)劃是什么，以她目前的研究形式來(lái)看，她所依賴(lài)的資料來(lái)源有限?？膳袛喑鰧?duì)愛(ài)森斯坦研究的繼續(xù)需要收集各種資料，做更加詳盡的分析，所以世紀(jì)初典型工薪階層的女性的書(shū)信和日記進(jìn)行分析很有可能是愛(ài)森斯坦研究的繼續(xù)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

10.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Johnhashiddensomethinginthetree.

B.Johnhimselfshouldbeblamed.

C.Johnhasadogthatbarksalot.

D.Johnisunlucky.

【答案】B

【解析】W:DidyouknowthatJohnfailedinthemathexam?

M:Yes.Andheblameditonbadluck.ButIreallythinkheisbarkingupthewrongtree.

Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?

【解析】常用習(xí)語(yǔ)。男士說(shuō)：ButIreallythinkheisbarkingupthewrongtree(我覺(jué)得他找錯(cuò)原因了)。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ConcernfortheenvironmentintheUSextendsbackintothenineteenthcentury,whennatureloversandsportsenthusiastsfirstsoughtprotectionforareasofnaturalbeautyorsignificance.Butitwasnotuntilthelate1960sthatenvironmentalconcernsenteredthemainstreamofAmericanpoliticaldebate.BythenmanyAmericanshadcometotheconclusionthatmoredevelopmentwasnotnecessarilydesirable,especiallyifitmeantmorepollutedair,dyinglakesandrivers,andalandscapestrewnwithunsightlywaste,andcrowdedwithsprawlingconstructionprojects.InMayof1970,severalenvironmentalgroupsstagedthefirstEarthDaycelebration,designedtoheightenpublicawarenessofenvironmentalproblems.Thesuccessofthatinitialeffortledtoitbecomingaregularannualevent.

Duringthe1950sand1960s,industrialandvehiclepollutionlevelshadbecomeaseriousthreattopublichealth,sotheenvironmentalmovementofthisperiodfocusedheavilyonrestoringandensuringthecleanlinessofbasicairandwatersupplies.Rapidlyexpandingdevelopmentpressureswerealsospurringeffortstopreserveuniquelandsandthreatenedwildlifehabitatsandtoprotecttheendangeredspeciessupportedbythembeforetheyvanishedintoextinction.Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheenvironmentalprotectionmovementwassosuccessfulbecauseofitsgrassrootssupport,groupsofactivistsinhundredsoftownsthattooktheinitiativeincleaninguptheirowncommunities.Duringthe1970s,thislocalactivismreinforcedsupportforthepassageofkeylawsatthenationallevel,suchastheCleanWaterAct,CleanAirAct,EndangeredSpeciesAct,andNationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct,whichtogetherhaveconstitutedthefoundationforenvironmentalstandardsintheUSeversince.

Inadditiontothisnationallegislation,theyearafterthefirstEarthDay,byexecutiveorder,PresidentNixonestablishedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA);anorganizationdedicatedtorestoringandprotectingtheenvironment.[A]TheEPAspearheadedmanycontemporaryeffortstoprotecttheenvironment,butitwasnotworkingalone.[B]ItwasalliedwithawidevarietyofdistinctlydifferentandseparateorganizationstomanythousandsofsmallerspecialInterestgroupsandevenindividualsworkingatthelocallevel.[C]TheEPAhasnowbecomeoneofthegovernment’slargestandmostinfluentialregulatoryagencies.Throughitsowneffortsandincooperationwithotherorganizations,ithasearnedalargemeasureofcreditforprotectingandrestoringthequalityoftheenvironmentintheUnitedStates.[D]

Althoughonemightassumethatthecauseofenvironmentprotectionwouldengenderuniversalsupport,itdoeshaveitsdetractors.Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.Environmentalistscounterthisassertionbypointingoutthattheirwarningshaveoftenbroughtaboutchangesonthepartofthepublic,thegovernmentandprivateindustry,andthatthesechangespreventedthepredictionsfrombeingrealized.However,justasitisoftenverydifficulttogaugetheimpactofhumanactivityonsomethingascomplexastheenvironment.Itisequallydifficulttodeterminewhichsideisrightinthisdebate.Becauseenvironmentalissuescoversuchawiderangeofconcerns,thisisaquestionthatmustbeconsideredonacasebycasebasis.Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.

Howevervocalthecriticsofenvironmentalprotectioneffortsmaybe,giventheveryconsiderablebodyofenvironmentallegislationthatexists,itissafetoassumethattheirviewsdonotrepresentthemajorityopinion.Privateadvocacygroups,theEPS,statelegislaturesandCongresshaveworkedtogethertoenactnumerouslawsregardingairandwaterquality,landuseandwastemanagement.Thatshouldbeevidenceenoughofthebroadextentofthepopularsupportthatunderliesthemovement.

13.Onwhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagemainlyfocus?

14.Accordingtoparagraph2,whywastheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsowidelysuccessful?

15.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingaccuratelydescribeshowtheEPAhelpedtheenvironmentalmovement?

16.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatwasacommoncriticismoftheenvironmentalmovement?

17.Accordingtothepassage,whateffectdidthecriticismoftheenvironmentalmovementhave?

18.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheitalicizedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

19.Theworddireinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

20.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

ThankstotheadditionalhelpofenvironmentallyconsciouspoliticalfiguresinthemoldofTeddyRoosevelt,whonearlyacenturybeforeestablishedthefirstnationalparksintheUSA,themovementgainedmomentum.

Wherewouldthefollowingmostlikelyfitinthepassage(A,B,C,orD)?

21.Theworddissentinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.EarthDay’simpactontheenvironmentalmovement.

B.Howtoprotecttheenvironmentoftheplanet.

C.Theenvironmentalprotectionmovementandhowitbegan.

D.ThesuccessoftheEPAinprotectingnaturalresources.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itprotectedplantsandanimalspeoplecaredabout.

B.Itfunctionedwellatthelocallevel.

C.Itvotedunsympatheticpoliticiansoutofoffice.

D.Itforcedratificationofimportantnationallaws.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itcoordinatedactionatthelocalandnationallevels.

B.Itobtainedpresidentialsupport.

C.Ittookoverfromlocalorganizationstoexpediteaction.

D.Itprovidedfundingtolocalorganizations.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsuggestedmeasuresthatwouldharmtheeconomy.

B.Itspredictionscouldnotbepreventedthroughpracticalaction.

C.Thatitlackedthesupportneededtomakeanyrealprogress.

D.Theenvironmentaldamageitclaimedwasnotseen.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itcausedtheenvironmentaliststochangetheirmethods.

B.Itdecreasedfederalassistanceforenvironmentalprotection.

C.ItdiminishedpopularsupportfortheEPA.

D.Itrevitalizedsupportfortheenvironmentalprotectionmovement.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Criticsofthemovementweresuccessfulindissuadingmanyenvironmentalistsfromsupportingsomeofthemoredrasticmeasuresthathadbeensuggestedbyquestioningthequantitativemethodstheyemployed.

B.Opponentsoftheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsucceededingettingtheactiviststotakeanother,moreobjective,approachtosubstantiatingtheirclaims.

C.Peoplewhodisagreedwiththeenvironmentalistseventuallywereabletopersuademanythatthemethodsemployedbytheenvironmentalmovementwereinvalidandtheirconclusionincorrect.

D.Membersofenvironmentalgroupswerereluctanttoemployquantitativemethodsinassessingenvironmentaldamagebecausetheyfelttheresultsmightnotsubstantiatetheirclaims.

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.unrealized

B.possible

C.grave

D.imaginary

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.opposition

B.support

C.indifference

D.ambivalence

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:A

【解析】13.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章首先介紹了地球日環(huán)保活動(dòng)的起源，接著介紹了不同人群在環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)中對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)做出的努力和取得的成果，說(shuō)明本文的主要內(nèi)容是介紹環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)的起源和發(fā)展。因此C選項(xiàng)“環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)及其開(kāi)始的過(guò)程”正確。A選項(xiàng)“地球日對(duì)環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響”，D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)保局在保護(hù)自然資源方面的成功”都只是文章的一個(gè)方面，不能概括文章的全部?jī)?nèi)容，所以A，D錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“如何保護(hù)地球的環(huán)境”表述太過(guò)寬泛，所以B錯(cuò)誤。

14.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheenvironmentalprotectionmovementwassosuccessfulbecauseofitsgrassrootssupport,groupsofactivistsinhundredsoftownsthattooktheinitiativeincleaninguptheirowncommunities.（人們普遍認(rèn)為，環(huán)境保護(hù)運(yùn)動(dòng)之所以如此成功，是因?yàn)樗玫搅嘶鶎拥闹С?，?shù)百個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的活動(dòng)人士團(tuán)體主動(dòng)清理了自己的社區(qū)。），說(shuō)明環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)取得廣泛成功的原因是得到了基層的支持。因此B選項(xiàng)“在地方層面運(yùn)作良好”正確。A選項(xiàng)“保護(hù)了人們關(guān)心的植物和動(dòng)物”，D選項(xiàng)“迫使重要的國(guó)家法律得到批準(zhǔn)”是環(huán)境運(yùn)動(dòng)的成果，而不是取得成功的原因，所以A，D錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“把不近人情的政客趕下臺(tái)”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

15.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三句ItwasalliedwithawidevarietyofdistinctlydifferentandseparateorganizationstomanythousandsofsmallerspecialInterestgroupsandevenindividualsworkingatthelocallevel.（它與各種截然不同的獨(dú)立組織結(jié)盟，與成千上萬(wàn)的小型特殊利益集團(tuán)甚至是在地方層面工作的個(gè)人結(jié)盟。），說(shuō)明環(huán)保局是通過(guò)和其他地方組織合作，協(xié)調(diào)國(guó)家和地方的行動(dòng)來(lái)幫助環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)的。因此A選項(xiàng)“協(xié)調(diào)了地方和國(guó)家層面的行動(dòng)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“獲得了總統(tǒng)的支持”，原文說(shuō)的是總統(tǒng)通過(guò)行政命令成立了環(huán)保局，并不是它對(duì)于環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)的做法，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“接手地方組織加快行動(dòng)”，原文說(shuō)的是和其他地方組織合作，沒(méi)有說(shuō)接手地方組織，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“向地方組織提供資金”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

16.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第二句Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.（對(duì)該運(yùn)動(dòng)提出的一個(gè)批評(píng)是，它對(duì)環(huán)境破壞可怕后果的預(yù)測(cè)往往是錯(cuò)誤的。），說(shuō)明有人批評(píng)環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)預(yù)測(cè)的環(huán)境破壞后果都沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)。因此D選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有看到它宣稱(chēng)的環(huán)境破壞”正確。A選項(xiàng)“提出了一些會(huì)損害經(jīng)濟(jì)的措施”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測(cè)無(wú)法通過(guò)實(shí)際行動(dòng)來(lái)防止”，原文提到了環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)提出的警告帶來(lái)了變化，而這些變化使得預(yù)測(cè)不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“缺乏取得任何實(shí)際進(jìn)展所需的支持”，原文提到了它得到了國(guó)家層面關(guān)鍵法律和政府的支持，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

17.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.（這些不同的聲音向環(huán)保主義者表明，有必要使用定量方法來(lái)評(píng)估他們所目睹的破壞程度，或他們的工作在實(shí)際改善環(huán)境方面所體現(xiàn)的程度。），說(shuō)明對(duì)環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)的批評(píng)促使環(huán)保主義者改變了進(jìn)行環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)的方法。因此A選項(xiàng)“使環(huán)保主義者改變了他們的方法”正確。B選項(xiàng)“減少了聯(lián)邦政府對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的援助”，C選項(xiàng)“減少了民眾對(duì)環(huán)保局的支持”，D選項(xiàng)“重振了人們對(duì)環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)的支持”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

18.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.（這些不同的聲音向環(huán)保主義者表明，有必要使用定量方法來(lái)評(píng)估他們所目睹的破壞程度，或他們的工作在實(shí)際改善環(huán)境方面所體現(xiàn)的程度。），說(shuō)明對(duì)環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)的批評(píng)并沒(méi)有打擊環(huán)保主義者的積極性或阻礙環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展，而是讓環(huán)保主義者反思之前的做法，追求一種更客觀的方法來(lái)證實(shí)自己的主張。因此B選項(xiàng)“環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)的反對(duì)者成功地讓環(huán)保主義者采取另一種更客觀的方法來(lái)證實(shí)他們的主張”正確。A選項(xiàng)“這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的批評(píng)者成功地勸阻了許多環(huán)保主義者支持一些更為激進(jìn)的措施，這些措施是通過(guò)質(zhì)疑他們所采用的定量方法而提出的”，由原文可知，環(huán)保主義者之前并沒(méi)有采用定量方法，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“與環(huán)保主義者意見(jiàn)相左的人最終能夠說(shuō)服許多人，認(rèn)為環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)所采用的方法是無(wú)效的，他們的結(jié)論是不正確的”，D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)保團(tuán)體的成員不愿意采用定量的方法來(lái)評(píng)估環(huán)境損害，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為結(jié)果可能無(wú)法證實(shí)他們的主張”與原文表述的意思相反，所以C，D錯(cuò)誤。

19.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“dire”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.（對(duì)該運(yùn)動(dòng)提出的一個(gè)批評(píng)是，它對(duì)環(huán)境破壞可怕后果的預(yù)測(cè)往往是錯(cuò)誤的。），說(shuō)明“dire”在文中是指“可怕、極其嚴(yán)重”的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“未實(shí)現(xiàn)的”，B選項(xiàng)“可能的”，D選項(xiàng)“虛構(gòu)的”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

20.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干中的句子ThankstotheadditionalhelpofenvironmentallyconsciouspoliticalfiguresinthemoldofTeddyRoosevelt,whonearlyacenturybeforeestablishedthefirstnationalparksintheUSA,themovementgainedmomentum.（多虧了以泰迪?羅斯福為代表的具有環(huán)保意識(shí)的政治人物的額外幫助，他在近一個(gè)世紀(jì)前就建立了美國(guó)的第一個(gè)國(guó)家公園，這一運(yùn)動(dòng)得到了發(fā)展。）講的是個(gè)人為環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)提供的幫助，C處前文說(shuō)到環(huán)保局和不同的組織與個(gè)人合作，那么下文應(yīng)該介紹具體的事例。因此該句放在C處最合適。

21.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“dissent”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed（這些不同的聲音向環(huán)保主義者表明，有必要使用定量方法來(lái)評(píng)估他們所目睹的破壞程度），說(shuō)明“dissent”在文中是指“不同、反對(duì)”的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)“反對(duì)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“支持”，C選項(xiàng)“冷漠”，D選項(xiàng)“矛盾”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

7.單選題

Iamrunningdownanalleywithastolenavocado,havingclimbedoverawhitebrickfenceandintotheforbiddenbackyardofacarefullymanicuredestateatthecomerofElDoradoandCrescentDriveinBeverlyHills,California.Ihavesnatchedarock-hardFuerteavocadofromoneofthethreeavocadotreesnearthefence.Ihavebeentoldthatmanyferociousdogspatrolthegrounds;theyarekillers,thesedogs.Iamdefyingthem.Theyarenowheretobefound,exceptinmymind,andI’moutandgoneandinthealleywiththeirgrowlsdirectingmyimagination.Iamrunningwithfearandexhilaration,beginningaperiodofsummer.

EmergingfromtheshieldofthealleyIcutoutintotheopen.Summerisaboutrunning,andIamrunningprotectedbydistancefromthedogs.AtthecomerofCrescentDriveandLomitasIspotBobbyTomitzeronabike.Ishout“Tomitzer!”Heturnshishead.Hisbikewobbles.AnautomobilemovingrapidlycatchesTomitzer’sbackwheel.TomitzeristhrownhighintotheairandontotheconcretesidewalkofCrescentDrive.Thedriver，awomanwithgrayhair,swirlsfromthecarhystericallyandhoversnoisilyoverTomitzer,whowillnotsurvivetheaccident.Iholdtheavocadotomychestandstand,frozen,acrossthestreet.Iamshiveringintheheat,andsinktomyknees.Itisapproximately3:30intheafternoon.ItisJune21,1946.Insevendays,Iwillbe8yearsold.

1.Thebesttitleforthisstorycouldbe（）

2.ThemainimageinParagraph1isofayoungboy（）.

3.ThemainimageinParagraph2isof（）.

4.Thestorystartwiththefeelingof（）,andendswiththefeelingof（）.

5.Thephrase“shiveringintheheat”(neartheendofthispassage)dramaticallydescribesshockthrough（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Summer

B.KillerDogs

C.MyEighthBirthday

D.TheAlley

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.climbingawhitebrickfences

B.snatchingavocados

C.runningwithfearandexhilaration

D.defyingferociousdogs

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tomitzerridinghisbike

B.exhilarationturningintohorror

C.the7-year-oldemergingfromthealley

D.thehysteriaofthewomandriver

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.joyfulaction...horrifiedinaction

B.running...standing

C.beingalone...beingwithothers

D.beingaloneintheopen...shiveringintheheat

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theuseofminutedetail

B.theunexpectedcombinationofhotandcold

C.itsimpliedreferencetotheword“frozen”

D.thecontrastofdeathandplay

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:文章講述的是作者在夏天偷牛油果的事，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第2題:文章第一段第一句話提到小男孩偷牛油果(astolenavocado)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第3題:文章第二段講述了小男孩偷完牛油果往回走，在路上看見(jiàn)Tomitzer在騎自行車(chē)，很高興地喊他，但是他在回頭的時(shí)候，被汽車(chē)撞死了。見(jiàn)到此情此景，小男孩Iholdtheavocadotomychestandstand,frozen,acrossthestreet.說(shuō)明小男孩內(nèi)心很害怕。這一段主要講述了小男孩由偷牛油果的興奮到間接害死朋友的恐懼心理。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第4題:根據(jù)上題，可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:由上下文可知，小男孩在成功偷取牛油果后是非常開(kāi)心的，但是當(dāng)Tomitzer因?yàn)樗懒说臅r(shí)候他感覺(jué)很害怕。這個(gè)短語(yǔ)用來(lái)描述死亡與玩耍的對(duì)比，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Withoutapropereducation,peoplecould（）allkindsofcrimes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conduct

B.stoop

C.commit

D.sweat

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。conduct“組織，實(shí)施”；stoop“辱沒(méi)，墮落”；commit“犯罪”；sweat“出汗”。commitcrimes犯罪，故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：如果沒(méi)有接受合適的教育，人們可能會(huì)進(jìn)行各種犯罪活動(dòng)。

9.單選題

Theprofessorgave（）instructiontothewholeclasssoastomakeeverystudentunderstandhowtoconducttheexperimentinthelab.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.authoritative

B.afflictive

C.explicit

D.obvious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。authoritative“有權(quán)威的”；afflictive“難受的，苦惱的”；explicit“明確的”;obvious“明顯的”。根據(jù)后面makeeverystudentunderstandhowtoconducttheexperimentinthelab“讓每個(gè)學(xué)生知道如何在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)”可知教授給出了“詳細(xì)的說(shuō)明”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

2.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tuberculosis(肺結(jié)核).

B.Rhinitis(鼻炎).

C.Laryngitis(喉炎).

D.Flu.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Goodafternoon,doctor.Ihaveaterribleheadache.YesterdayIhadarunnynose.Nowmynoseisstuffedup.

M:Letmegiveyouanexamination.First,letmehavealookatyourthroat.Ok,nowletmeexamineyourchest.Doyouhaveahistoryoftuberculosis?

W:No,Idon’tthinkso.

M:Yourthroatisinflamedandyourtongueisthicklycoated.Youhaveallthesymtomsofinfluenza.

Q:Whatisthewomansufferingfrom?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。醫(yī)生說(shuō)：Youhaveallthesymptomsofinfluenza，即他認(rèn)為女士有流感的所有癥狀。

11.單選題

I'msorrytohave（）youwithsomanyquestionsonsuchanoccasion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.interfered

B.impressed

C.offended

D.bothered

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這種情況下，我還問(wèn)了這么多問(wèn)題，給你添麻煩了，真是抱歉。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式。interfere干預(yù)；打擾；impress給……以深刻印象；offend冒犯；得罪；bother煩擾；打擾。因此D符合句意。

12.單選題

Whyshouldyouthinkaboutintryingtofindyourcareer?Youareprobablybetteratsomeschoolsubjectsthanothers.Thesemayshowstrengthsthatyoucanuseinyourwork.Aboywhoisgoodatmathematicscanusethatinanengineeringcareer.Soitisimportanttoknowthesubjectsyoudowellinatschool.Ontheotherhand,youmaynothaveanyspeciallystrongorweaksubjectsbutyourrecordsshowageneralsatisfactorystandard.Althoughnotallsubjectscanbeuseddirectlyinajob,theymayhaveindirectvalue.Knowledgeofhistoryisnotrequiredformostjobsbutifhistoryisoneofyourgoodsubjectsyouwillhavelearnedtorememberfactsanddetails.Thisisanabilitythatcanbeusefulinmanyjobs.

Ifyouhavehadapart-timejobonSaturdaysorinthesummer,thinkwhatyougainedfromit.Ifnothingelse,youmayhavelearnedhowtogettoworkontime,tofollowinstructionsandtogetonwitholderworkers.Youmayhavelearnedtogivecorrectchangeinashop,forexample.Justasimportant,youmaybecomeinterestedinaparticularindustryorcareeryouseefromtheinsideinapart-timejob.

Facingyourweakpointsisalsopartofknowingyourself.Youmaybeallthumbswhenyouhandletools;perhapsyouareapoorspellerorcannotaddupacolumnoffigures.Itisbittertofaceanyweaknessesthantopretendtheydonotexist.Yourschoolrecord,forinstance,maynotbetoogood,yetitisanimportant