考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Childhoodmemoirsoftengaintheirpoignancythroughasenseofdisplacement:eachlessonisaccompaniedbyalossof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perspective

B.innocence

C.permission

D.veracity

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：童年記憶經(jīng)常由于取代感而更加哀傷，每一次教訓(xùn)都伴隨著

的丟失。

perspective洞察力，看法；innocence純潔，純真；permission允許，許可；veracity誠實(shí)，真實(shí)。故選B。

2.單選題

Ifyou（

）someone,youfeelgreatadmirationandloveforthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advocate

B.adjoin

C.adore

D.addict

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)advocate“擁護(hù)”；B選項(xiàng)adjoin“毗鄰，連接”；C選項(xiàng)adore“崇拜，愛慕”；D選項(xiàng)addict“沉迷”。

句意：如果你崇拜一個(gè)人，你會(huì)欽佩和愛戴他。根據(jù)下文的“admirationandlove”可知選項(xiàng)C最為恰當(dāng)。

3.單選題

______atinthisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemsodesperate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Looking

B.Looked

C.Beinglooked

D.Tolook

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。邏輯主語thesituation與look之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)，前面部分完整的表達(dá)為thesituationislookedatinthisway，故用動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作狀語，因此選B。句意：從這個(gè)角度看，情況似乎并不那么絕望。

4.單選題

SevenWaystoSavetheWorldForgettheoldideathatconservingenergyisaformofself-denial-ridingbicycles,dimmingthelights,andtakingfewershowers.Thesedaysconservationisallaboutefficiency:gettingthesame-orbetter-resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy.WhenaslumpinbusinesstravelforcedUlrichRomertocutcostsathisfamily-ownedhotelinGermany,hereplacedhundredsofthehotel’swastefullightbulbs,gettingthesamelightfor80percentlesspower.Heboughtanewwaterboilerwithadigitallycontrolledpump,andwrappedinsulationaroundthepipes.Spendingabout￡100,000ontheseandotherimprovements,heslashedhis￡90,000fuelandpowerbillby￡60,000.Asabonus,thehotel’slowerenergyneedshavereduceditsannualcarbonemissionsbymorethan200metrictons.“Forus,savingenergyhasbeenvery,veryprofitable,”hesays.“Andmostimportantly,we’renotgivingupasinglecomfortforourguests.”

Efficiencyisalsoagreatwaytolowercarbonemissionsandhelpslowglobalwarming.Butthebestargumentforefficiencyisitscost—or,moreprecisely,itsprofitability.That’sbecausequicklygrowingenergydemandrequiresimmenseinvestmentinnewsupply,nottomentionthedrainofrisingenergyprices.

Nowonderefficiencyhasmovedtothetopofthepoliticalagenda.OnJan.10,theEuropeanUnionunveiledaplantocutenergyuseacrossthecontinentby20percentby2020.LastMarch,Chinaimposeda20percentincreaseinenergyefficiencyby2020.EvenGeorgeW.Bush,theTexasoilman,isexpectedtotalkaboutenergyconservationinhisStateoftheUnionspeechthisweek.

Thegoodnewsisthattheworldisfullofproven,cheapwaystosaveenergy.Herearetheseventhatcouldhavethebiggestimpact:

Insulate

Spaceheatingandcoolingeatsup36percentofalltheworld’senergy.There’svirtuallynolimittohowmuchofthatcanbesaved,asprototype“zero-energyhomes”inSwitzerlandandGermanyhaveshown.There’sbeenasurgeinnewwaysofkeepingheatinandcoldout(orviceversa).Themostadvancedinsulationfollowsthelawofincreasingreturns:ifyouaddenough,youcanscaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment,loweringcostsevenbeforeyoustartsavingonutilitybills.Studieshaveshownthatgreenworkplaces(onesthatdon’tconstantlyneedtohavetheheatorair-conditionerrunning)havehigherworkerproductivityandlowersickrates.

ChangeBulbs

Lightingeatsup20percentoftheworld’selectricity,ortheequivalentofroughly600,000tonsofcoaladay.Fortypercentofthatpowersold-fashionedincandescentlightbulbs—a19th-centurytechnologythatwastesmostofthepoweritconsumesonunwantedheat.

Compactfluorescentlamps,orCFLs,notonlyuse75to80percentlesselectricitythanincandescentbulbstogeneratethesameamountoflight,buttheyalsolast10timeslonger.Phasingoldbulbsoutby2030wouldsavetheoutputof650powerplantsandavoidthereleaseof700milliontonsofcarbonintotheatmosphereeachyear.

ComfortZone

Waterboilers,spaceheatersandairconditionershavebeennotoriouslyinefficient.Theheatpumphasalteredthatequation.Itremovesheatfromtheairoutsideorthegroundbelowandusesittosupplyheattoabuildingoritswatersupply.Inthesummer,thesystemcanbereversedtocoolbuildingsaswell.

MostnewresidentialbuildingsinSwedenarealreadyheatedwithground-sourceheatpumps.Suchsystemsconsumealmostnoconventionalfuelatall.Severalcountrieshaveusedsubsidiestojump-startthemarket,includingJapan,wherealmost1millionheatpumpshavebeeninstalledinthepasttwoyearstoheatwaterforshowersandhottubs.

RemakeFactories

Fromsteelmillstopaperfactories,industryeatsupaboutathirdoftheworld’senergy.Theopportunitiestosavearevast.InLudwigshafen,GermanchemicalsgiantBASFrunsaninterconnectedcomplexofmorethan200chemicalfactories,whereheatproducedbyonechemicalprocessisusedtopowerthenext.AttheLudwigshafensitealone,suchrecyclingofheatandenergysavesthecompany￡200millionayearandalmosthalfitsCO2emissions.NowBASFisdoingthesamefornewplantsinChina.“Optimizingenergyefficiencyisadecisivecompetitiveadvantage,”saysBASFCEOJurgenHambrecht.

GreenDriving

Aquarteroftheworld’senergy—includingtwothirdsoftheannualproductionofoil—isusedfortransportation.Somesavingscomefreeofcharge:youcanboostfuelefficiencyby6percentsimplybykeepingyourcar’stiresproperlyinflated.Gasoline-electrichybridmodelsliketheToyotaPriusimprovemileagebyafurther20percentoverconventionalmodels.

ABetterFridge

Morethanhalfofallresidentialpowergoesintorunninghouseholdappliances,producingafifthoftheworld’scarbonemissions.Andthat’strueeventhoughmanufacturershavealreadyhikedtheefficiencyofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoodsbyasmuchas70percentsincethe1980s.AccordingtoanInternationalEnergyAgencystudy,ifconsumerschosethosemodelsthatwouldsavethemthemostmoneyoverthelifeoftheappliance,they’dcutglobalresidentialpowerconsumption(andtheirutilitybills)by43percent.

FlexiblePayment

Whosaysyouhavetopayforallyourconservationinvestments?“Energyservicecontractors”willpayforretrofittinginreturnforashareoftheclient’sannualutility-billsavings,InBeijing,ShenwuThermalEnergyTechnologyCo.specializesinretrofittingChina’ssteelfurnaces.Shenwuputsuptheinitialinvestmenttoinstallaheatexchangerthatpreheatstheairgoingintothefurnace,slashingtheclient’sfuelcosts.Shenwupocketsacutofthosesavings,sobothShenwuandtheclientprofit.

Ifsavingenergyissoeasyandprofitable,whyisn’teveryonedoingit?Ithastodowithpsychologyandalackofinformation.Mostofustendtolookattoday’spricetagmorethantomorrow’spotentialsavings.Thatholdsdoubleforthelandlordordeveloper,whowon’tactuallyseeapennyofthesavingshisinvestmentinbetterinsulationorabetterheatingsystemmightgenerate.Inmanypeople’sminds,conservationisstillassociatedwithself-denial.Manyenvironmentalistsstillpushthatview.

Smartgovernmentscanhelppushthemarketintherightdirection.TheEU’s1994lawonlabelingwassuchasuccessthatitextendedthesameideatoentirebuildingslastyear.Toboostthemarketvalueofefficiency,allnewbuildingsarerequiredtohavean“energypass”detailingpowerandheatingconsumption.CountrieslikeJapanandGermanyhavesuccessivelytightenedbuildingcodes,requiringanincreaseininsulationlevelsbutleavingituptobuilderstodecidehowtomeetthem.

Themostpowerfulincentives,ofcourse,willcomefromthemarketitself.Overthepastyear,sky-highfuelpriceshavefocusedmindsonefficiencylikeneverbefore.Ever-increasingpressuretocutcostshasfinallyforcedmorecompaniestodosomemathontheirenergyuse.

Willitbeenough?Withglobaldemandandemissionsrisingsofast,wemaynothaveanychoicebuttotry.Efficienttechnologyisherenow,provenandcheap.Comparedwithallotheroptions,it’sthebiggest,easiestandmostprofitablebangforthebuck.

1.Whatissaidtobethebestwaytoconserveenergynowadays?

2.WhatdoestheEuropeanUnionplantodo?

3.Ifyouaddenoughinsulationtoyourhouse,youmaybeableto____.

4.Howmuchofthepowerconsumedbyincandescentbulbsisconvertedintolight?

5.Somecountrieshavetriedtojump-startthemarketofheatpumpsby____.

6.GermanchemicalsgiantBASFsaves200millionayearby____.

7.Globalresidentialpowerconsumptioncanbecutby43percentif____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Raisingefficiency.

B.Cuttingunnecessarycosts.

C.Findingalternativeresources.

D.Sacrificingsomepersonalcomforts.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Diversifyenergysupply.

B.Reducecarbonemissions.

C.Cutenergyconsumption.

D.Raiseproductionefficiency.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.improveyouworkenvironment

B.getridofair-conditioners

C.cutyourutilitybillsbyhalf

D.enjoymuchbetterhealth

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Asmallportion.

B.Some40percent.

C.Almosthalf.

D.75to80percent.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.upgradingtheequipment

B.encouraginginvestments

C.providingsubsidies

D.implementinghigh-tech

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.reducingtheCO2emissions

B.settingupfactoriesinChina

C.usingthenewesttechnology

D.recyclingheatandenergyofitsplants

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.weincreasetheinsulationofwallsandwaterpipes

B.wechoosesimplermodelsofelectricalappliances

C.wecutdownontheuseofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods

D.wechoosethemostefficientmodelsofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“現(xiàn)在節(jié)約能源最好的方法是什么”，可定位到原文第1段第2句Thesedaysconservationisallaboutefficiency:gettingthesame-orbetter-resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy.（如今，節(jié)約能源就是提高使用效率：使用少量的能源得到同樣的效果，或者更好的效果。）由此可知，現(xiàn)在節(jié)約能源的方法是提高能源使用效率，A選項(xiàng)“提高效率”，符合原文。原文第1段第1句Forgettheoldideathatconservingenergyisaformofself-denial-ridingbicycles,dimmingthelights,andtakingfewershowers.（忘記舊的觀念：節(jié)約能源是一種自我否定的形式——騎自行車，調(diào)暗燈光，少洗澡。）由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“減少不必要的消耗”、C選項(xiàng)“尋找替代資源”、D選項(xiàng)“犧牲一些個(gè)人舒適”對應(yīng)的都是以前節(jié)約能源的觀念，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“歐盟計(jì)劃做什么”，可定位到原文第3段第2句theEuropeanUnionunveiledaplantocutenergyuseacrossthecontinentby20percentby2020.（歐盟公布了一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，到2020年將整個(gè)歐洲大陸的能源使用量減少20%。）由此可知，歐盟計(jì)劃減少整個(gè)歐洲大陸的能源使用，C選項(xiàng)“降低能源消耗”，符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“能源供應(yīng)多元化”、B選項(xiàng)“減少碳排放”、D選項(xiàng)“提高生產(chǎn)效率”，均未提及。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“如果你給你的房子添加足夠的隔熱材料，你也許可以____”，可定位到原文Insulate小節(jié)，第4句Themostadvancedinsulationfollowsthelawofincreasingreturns:ifyouaddenough,youcanscaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment,loweringcostsevenbeforeyoustartsavingonutilitybills.（最先進(jìn)的隔熱材料遵循收益遞增的規(guī)律：如果你增加了足夠多的隔熱材料，你就可以按比例減少甚至取消供暖和空調(diào)設(shè)備，甚至在你開始節(jié)省水電費(fèi)之前就降低了成本。）B選項(xiàng)“擺脫空調(diào)”，表述與原文一致；C選項(xiàng)“減少一半的水電費(fèi)”，原文并未明確指出可以減少一半的水電費(fèi)，排除；A、D選項(xiàng)可定位到本小節(jié)最后一句Studieshaveshownthatgreenworkplaces(onesthatdon’tconstantlyneedtohavetheheatorair-conditionerrunning)havehigherworkerproductivityandlowersickrates.（研究表明，綠色工作場所（那些不需要經(jīng)常開暖氣或空調(diào)的工作場所）可以提高員工的工作效率，降低員工的發(fā)病率。）A選項(xiàng)“改善你的工作環(huán)境”，原文沒有提到工作環(huán)境的改善，提的是工作效率的提高，排除；D選項(xiàng)“享受好得多的健康狀態(tài)”，原文雖然提到了可以減少員工的發(fā)病率，但并沒有說健康狀態(tài)就會(huì)好得多，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“多少電能是白熾燈照明消耗的”，可定位到原文ChangeBulbs小節(jié)，第1句Lightingeatsup20percentoftheworld’selectricity（照明消耗了全世界20%的電力），第2句Fortypercentofthatpowersold-fashionedincandescentlightbulbs（其中40%用于老式白熾燈泡），由此可知，白熾燈泡消耗的電能為全世界電力的8%（=20%*40%），A選項(xiàng)“一小部分”符合原文。B選項(xiàng)“幾乎一半”，沒有出處，排除；C選項(xiàng)“大概40%”，原文40%指的是白熾燈消耗的電能占照明消耗的電能的比例，而非占總電能的比例，排除；D選項(xiàng)“75%到80%”，原文指的是CFL燈比白熾燈可以少消耗的電能，與題目無關(guān)，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“一些國家試圖通過____來啟動(dòng)熱泵市場”，可定位到原文ComfortZone小節(jié)第2段第3句Severalcountrieshaveusedsubsidiestojump-startthemarket（一些國家已經(jīng)通過補(bǔ)貼來啟動(dòng)市場），由此可知，一些國家通過發(fā)放補(bǔ)貼來啟動(dòng)熱泵市場，C選項(xiàng)“提供補(bǔ)貼”，符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“升級設(shè)備”、B選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)投資”、D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用高科技”，原文均未提及。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

6.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“德國化工巨頭BASF通過____每年節(jié)省2個(gè)億”，可定位到原文RemakeFactories小節(jié)，第2、3句GermanchemicalsgiantBASF…isusedtopowerthenext.…,suchrecyclingofheatandenergysavesthecompany￡200millionayearandalmosthalfitsCO2emissions.（德國化工巨頭BASF……用一個(gè)化學(xué)過程產(chǎn)生的熱量為下一個(gè)過程提供動(dòng)力?！?，這種熱能和能源的循環(huán)利用每年就為公司節(jié)省了2個(gè)億以及近一半的二氧化碳排放量。），由此可知，BASF的錢是通過熱能和能源的循環(huán)利用節(jié)省下來的，D選項(xiàng)“回收工廠的熱能和能源”，表述與原文相符。A選項(xiàng)“減少二氧化碳的排放”和節(jié)省的2個(gè)億一樣，是結(jié)果而非原因，排除；B選項(xiàng)“在中國設(shè)立工廠”，可定位到該小節(jié)第4句NowBASFisdoingthesamefornewplantsinChina.（現(xiàn)在BASF在中國的新工廠也采取了同樣的做法。）由此可知，公司的資金并不是靠在中國建立新工廠省下來的，而是想在中國的新工廠使用同樣的方法來節(jié)約資金，排除；C選項(xiàng)“使用最新的技術(shù)”，原文并未提及，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

7.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“全球居民用電量可以減少43%，如果____”，可定位到原文ABetterFridge小節(jié)，最后一句AccordingtoanInternationalEnergyAgencystudy,ifconsumerschosethosemodelsthatwouldsavethemthemostmoneyoverthelifeoftheappliance,they’dcutglobalresidentialpowerconsumption(andtheirutilitybills)by43percent.（根據(jù)國際能源機(jī)構(gòu)的一項(xiàng)研究，如果消費(fèi)者能在整個(gè)電器使用過程中選擇那些最省錢的型號，他們就能減少全球居民電力消耗(以及他們的水電費(fèi))的43%。）由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“我們選擇最節(jié)能的型號的冰箱和其他耗電家具”表述正確。A選項(xiàng)“我們給墻壁和水管添加隔熱材料”，可定位到原文Insulate小節(jié)，第2句There’svirtuallynolimittohowmuchofthatcanbesaved…（可以節(jié)省多少幾乎是沒有限制的），由此可知，選項(xiàng)表述不符合題意，排除；B選項(xiàng)“我們選擇比較簡單的電器型號”、C選項(xiàng)“我們減少了冰箱和其他耗電家具的使用”，原文均未提及，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

5.單選題

WithanewCongressdrawingnear,DemocratsandRepublicansarebusilydesigningcompetingeconomicstimuluspackages.TheRepublicansaresuretooffertaxcuts,theDemocrats-amongotherthings—financialreliefforthestates.Thereisonemeasure,however,thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed:acarefullycraftedextensionofthefederalunemploymentinsuranceprogram.TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbeforeitadjournedinNovember.TheHouseofRepresentativesrefusedtogoalong.Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress.

Oneconsequenceisthatjoblessbenefitsforanestimated780,000Americanswillabruptlystop.Tomorrow,eventhoughmostrecipientshavenotyetexhaustedtheirbenefits.PresidentBushfailedtoshowanyleadershiponthismatterduringtheNovemberCongress.Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.

That’snotenough.Thewayunemploymentinsurancetypicallyworksisthatstatesprovidelaid-offworkerswith26weeksofbenefits,followedby13weeksoffederalaid.UnderMr.Bush’sscheme,federalbenefitswouldbeextendedonlyforthosewhowerealreadyreceivingthemonDec.28.Theextensionwouldnotcoverthejoblessworkerswhowillexhausttheirregularstate-fundedbenefitsafterDec.28—anestimated95,000everyweek—butwillreceivenofederalhelpunlesstheprogramisre-authorized.BytheendofMarch,1.2millionworkerscouldfallintothiscategory.

TheSenatesawthisproblemcoming,andundertheleadershipofHillaryRodhamClintonforNewYorkandDonNicklesofOklahoma,passedabillthatwouldnotonlyhavecoveredpeoplealreadyenrolledinthefederalprogrambutprovided13weeksofassistanceforthoselosingtheirstatebenefitsinthenewyear.TheHouse,forlargelytrivialreasons,refusedtogoalong.

BillFrist,thenewSenatemajorityleader,saysheislookingforwaystoputakinder,gentlerfaceontheRepublicanParty.PassingtheClinton-Nicklesbillwouldbeagoodwaytobegin.TheHouseshouldthenfollowsuit.OneoftheHouse’scomplaintslastyearwasthat,at$5billion,theClinton-Nicklesbillwastooexpensive.That’sridiculous,consideringthecostsofthetaxcutsthatHouseRepublicanshaveinmind.

Theunemploymentratelastmonthstoodat6percent,thehighestsincemid-1994.Thecountrycouldusea$5billionshotinthearmrightaboutnow.Socouldalotofincreasinglydesperatepeople.

6.Accordingtotheauthor,theproposedextensionis（）.

7.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasoneofthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress?

8.WhomaybenefitfromtheClinton-Nicklesbill?

9.WhydidtheauthorsaytheHouse'scomplaintwasridiculous?

10.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthePresident’srequestfortheextensionanditscoverage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whatthecomingCongressshouldreconsider

B.excludedfromtheeconomicstimuluspackages

C.areliefprogramcarefullydesignedbytheHouse

D.putforwardbybothRepublicansandDemocrats

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheHouseofRepresentativesdidnotagreeswiththeSenate.

B.Theunemploymentinsuranceextensionwasnotapproved.

C.Aboosttotheeconomywasnotprovided.

D.Relieftothoseinneedwasnotoffered.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Onlythoseenrolledinthefederalprogram.

B.Theestimated95,000unemployedworkers.

C.Justthoseexhaustingtheirstate-fundedbenefits.

D.Laid-offworkers,withorwithoutfederalbenefits.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thereasonsitoffersarelargelyinsignificant.

B.TheClinton-Nicklesbillwastooexpensive.

C.Itstaxcutsproposalisevenmorecostly.

D.Theestimatedcostforthebillisjust$5billion.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Shortofvision

B.Lateandincomplete

C.Lackinginconsistency

D.Exhaustivebutineffective

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】6.判斷推理題。文章在第一段后半部分提到了提議的延長項(xiàng)目(theproposedextension)。首先，作者對這一項(xiàng)目持的是肯定態(tài)度，thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed（有一項(xiàng)措施不僅能立即提振經(jīng)濟(jì)，還能立即救濟(jì)那些最需要幫助的人）說明了這一項(xiàng)目的好處，指出這一項(xiàng)目是解決兩大問題的措施；然后，作者批評了第107屆國會(huì)Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress（這是第107屆國會(huì)最大的失敗之一）。由此可以推知作者的言下之意，就是下一屆國會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)重新考慮并采納這一項(xiàng)目，因此A選項(xiàng)“即將到來的國會(huì)應(yīng)該重新考慮”正確。B選項(xiàng)“被排除在經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激計(jì)劃之外”；C選項(xiàng)“由眾議院精心設(shè)計(jì)的救濟(jì)計(jì)劃”以及D選項(xiàng)“由共和黨和民主黨共同提出”，都是不正確的。

7.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題實(shí)際上考查的是對第一段最后一句中的主語it所指的理解。該段在提出提議的延長項(xiàng)目(theproposedextension)后指出:TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbefore...refusedtogoalong.（參議院在11月份休會(huì)之前批準(zhǔn)了這樣一個(gè)項(xiàng)目?？杀娮h院卻不予支持）。由此可以看出，其后一句中的it指代的就是這種參議院批準(zhǔn)而眾議院否決該項(xiàng)目的情況，因此B選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)延期未獲批準(zhǔn)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“眾議院不同意參議院的意見”；C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)沒有得到提振”以及D選項(xiàng)“沒有向有需要的人提供救濟(jì)”都與原文不符，也無法由原文合理推知。

8.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到細(xì)節(jié)題第四段第一句abillthatwouldnotonlyhavecoveredpeoplealreadyenrolledinthefederalprogrambutprovided13weeksofassistanceforthoselosingtheirstatebenefitsinthenewyear.（該法案將不僅涉及聯(lián)邦項(xiàng)目中登記的人，還包括提供13周的援助給在新的一年里那些失去國家福利的人。）可知，該法案不但覆蓋了那些已經(jīng)在聯(lián)邦項(xiàng)目中登記了的人，也為那些在新的一年中將失去州救濟(jì)金的人提供13周的援助。再來對照選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)工人，有或沒有聯(lián)邦福利”覆蓋最完整，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“只有那些參加了聯(lián)邦計(jì)劃的人”；B選項(xiàng)“估計(jì)有95000名失業(yè)的工人”以及C選項(xiàng)“只有那些耗盡了國家資助的福利的人”均不完整。

9.判斷推理題。文章第五段后半部分TheHouseshouldthenfollowsuit.OneoftheHouse’scomplaints...wastooexpensive.That’sridiculous,consideringthecostsofthetaxcutsthatHouseRepublicanshaveinmind.（眾議院也應(yīng)該這樣做。眾議院去年抱怨的一個(gè)問題是，克林頓-尼克爾斯法案耗資50億美元，太昂貴了?？紤]到眾議院共和黨人所考慮的減稅成本，這是荒謬的。）這一段提到了眾議院對Clinton-Nickles法案的抱怨，認(rèn)為這一法案耗資太大。作者也表明了自己的看法認(rèn)為它很荒唐，然后說明了原因。其言下之意很明顯：眾議院共和黨提出的減稅計(jì)劃耗資比Clinton-Nickles法案更大，故他們認(rèn)為后者耗資大才顯得荒唐可笑。因此C選項(xiàng)“它的減稅提議代價(jià)更大”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它提供的理由在很大程度上是無關(guān)緊要的”；B選項(xiàng)“克林頓?尼克爾斯的法案太昂貴了”以及D選項(xiàng)“這項(xiàng)法案的成本估計(jì)只有50億美元”都與原文不符，也無法由原文推知。

10.判斷推理題。文章第二段最后一句Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.（后來，他終于要求國會(huì)為這些工人延長該計(jì)劃，并使福利從12月28日起生效。）中提到布什總統(tǒng)最后終于要求國會(huì)延長該項(xiàng)目，并于12月28日開始發(fā)放救濟(jì)金。因前面已說過對許多失業(yè)工人的救濟(jì)將在明天突然中止(abruptlystoptomorrow)，故據(jù)此即可推知布什總統(tǒng)的要求已經(jīng)太遲了。接著，在第三段第一句作者表明了自己的態(tài)度That'snotenough.(那還不夠)，并詳細(xì)說明了布什總統(tǒng)的計(jì)劃的缺陷。由此又可推知，作者認(rèn)為總統(tǒng)的計(jì)劃不完善。因此C選項(xiàng)“缺乏穩(wěn)定性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“缺乏遠(yuǎn)見”；B選項(xiàng)“遲到和不完整的”以及D選項(xiàng)“詳盡的但無效”三項(xiàng)都無法由原文推知。

6.單選題

Althoughthegeneticexplanationofwhysomepeopleareright-handedwhereasothersareleft-handedisplausible,ithasbeeneffectivelychallengedbyexperimentsinwhichgenetically（

）miceshoweddifferentpawpreferences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.verified

B.indistinguishable

C.identical

D.complex

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。verified“已證實(shí)的”；indistinguishable“不能區(qū)別的；”identical“同一的；完全相同的”；complex“復(fù)雜的；合成的”。句意：雖然遺傳學(xué)解釋為什么有些人習(xí)慣用右手而另一些是左撇子似乎是合理的，它已經(jīng)被基因?qū)嶒?yàn)有效地挑戰(zhàn)，在基因上別無二致的鼠表現(xiàn)出使用爪子的不同偏好。由plausible“看似可信的”與showeddifferentpawpreferences“表現(xiàn)出不同偏好”可知B項(xiàng)符合語境，故B項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Thenationalbankhasbeenuncommonlypowerfulincomparisontoitscounterpartsinothernations.Itretainsthispotencypartlybecauseitscontrolofthenation’sbankingsystemisunencumberedbygovernmentalinterference,andthusitsactionsremainlargely_______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discretionary

B.bureaucratic

C.compulsory

D.lucrative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)discretionary“自由決定的”；B選項(xiàng)bureaucratic“官僚主義的”；C選項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)性的”；D選項(xiàng)lucrative“獲利多的”。句意：與其他國家的同類銀行相比，國家銀行一直非常強(qiáng)大。它之所以保持這種效力，部分原因是它對國家銀行體系的控制沒有受到政府干預(yù)的阻礙，因此它的行動(dòng)在很大程度上仍然是_______。根據(jù)語境，這里指國家銀行沒有受政府干預(yù)的阻礙，在行動(dòng)上比較自由，所以discretionary“自由決定的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

Undertheimpactofmodernscience,theveryconceptionofthetaskofphilosophyhasundergonearadicalreorientation.Inverybroadhistoricalperspectiveitmaybesaidthatthephilosophersthroughouttheageshavebeenengagedinthreemajorendeavors:theyhavebeensearchingforabsolutetruthsregardingbasicreality,andforabsolutestandardsofmorality;theyhavetriedtoconstructasynthesis,aviewoftheuniverseandofman'splaceinit,i.e.,aperspectivethatwouldintegratethevariouscontributionsofthesciencesintoanintelligibleandharmoniouswhole;finally,philosophershaveattemptedtoclarifythemeaningandthevalidityofthefundamentalconcepts,assumptions,andmethodsofknowledgeandofevaluation.

Inthelightofmodernscience,i.e.,notonlyofitsresultsandconclusionsbutespeciallyofitsopen-mindedattitudeandcriticalapproach,thesearchforabsolutetruthislargelybeingabandonedasfruitless,ifnotasmeaningless.Thespiritofcontemporaryscienceis"critical"inthesensethatallitsconclusionsareconsideredsoundortenableonly"untilfurthernotice".Inotherwords,neitheroftheextremes-dogmatismorskepticism—isacceptable.Thepoliceoftheopenmindindicatesthatwhileweshouldkeepallourconvictionsinprincipleopenforcriticismandrevision,itisperfectlyreasonabletoreplyonwell-confirmedassumptionsuntilstrongevidenceforcesustomodifyortoreplacethembyotherassumptionsthataremorestronglysupportedbyrelevantevidence.

【答案】在現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的沖擊下，哲學(xué)任務(wù)這個(gè)概念已經(jīng)發(fā)生了徹底的再定位。從更廣泛的歷史角度來看，可以說，哲學(xué)家們自古以來都在從事三大事業(yè)：他們一直在尋找關(guān)于基本現(xiàn)實(shí)的絕對真理和絕對的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。他們試圖構(gòu)建一種綜合的觀點(diǎn)，一種對宇宙及人類在宇宙中所處位置的看法，是一種將科學(xué)的各種貢獻(xiàn)整合成一個(gè)明白易懂的和諧整體的觀點(diǎn)。最后，哲學(xué)家們試圖澄清知識(shí)和評估的基本概念、假設(shè)和方法的意義以及有效性。

根據(jù)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)，不僅根據(jù)其結(jié)果和結(jié)論，而且特別是其開放的態(tài)度和批評方法，對絕對真理的探索在很大程度上被放棄，即使不是毫無意義，也是徒勞無益的。當(dāng)代科學(xué)的精神是“批判性的”，因?yàn)樗乃薪Y(jié)論直到“進(jìn)一步注意”才被認(rèn)為是合理的或可成立的。換句話說，這兩個(gè)極端——教條主義或懷疑主義——都是不可接受的。持開放態(tài)度的警方表示，雖然，原則上，我們的所有信念都應(yīng)公開接受批評和修改，但是，在有力證據(jù)迫使我們修改或用因相關(guān)證據(jù)而得到更有力支持的其他假設(shè)來代替它們之前，回應(yīng)已充分證實(shí)了的假設(shè)是完全合理的。

9.單選題

Neitherofthemthoughthighlyofhimandtheybothtriedto（）himinhiswork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hamper

B.support

C.assist

D.encourage

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)hamper“妨礙；束縛；使困累”；B選項(xiàng)support“支持；扶持，幫助；供養(yǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)assist“幫助；促進(jìn)”；D選項(xiàng)encourage“鼓勵(lì)；支持”。句意：他們倆人都看不起他，且都試圖在他的工作上妨礙他。根據(jù)句中“Neitherofthemthoughthighlyofhim他們倆人都看不起他”可知“妨礙”符合語境，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

ThenumberofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseintheUnitedStatesisprojectedtomorethandoubleby2050.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.devised

B.thrust

C.estimated

D.encountered

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.devised設(shè)計(jì)B.thrust用力推

C.estimated估計(jì)D.encountered遇到

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】原文指到2050年美國老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量將增加一倍以上，2050年是一個(gè)未來的年份，這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該是預(yù)估的，C選項(xiàng)“估計(jì)”符合原文。原文beprojectedto“被預(yù)測”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)devised“設(shè)計(jì)”，美國的老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量應(yīng)該是自然發(fā)生的，不存在說被設(shè)計(jì)成多少；

B選項(xiàng)thrust“用力推”，不符合原句邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)encountered“遇到”，不符合原句邏輯。

【句意】預(yù)計(jì)到2050年，美國老年癡呆癥患者的數(shù)量將增加一倍以上。

11.單選題

ProfessorSmith’snewinventionhascreatedagreat______onthecampus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensation

B.selection

C.imitation

D.irrigation

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項(xiàng)sensation“感覺，轟動(dòng)”，B項(xiàng)selection“選擇，挑選”，C項(xiàng)imitation“模仿，仿造”，D項(xiàng)irrigation“灌溉”。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞newinvention“新發(fā)明”可知，空格處填入A項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：史密斯教授的新發(fā)明在校園里引起了很大的轟動(dòng)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

TheEnglishlanguageoftodayreflectsmanycenturiesofdevelopment.ThepoliticalandsocialeventsthathaveinthecourseofEnglishhistorysoprofoundlyaffectedtheEnglishpeopleintheirnationallifehavegenerallyhadarecognizableeffectontheirlanguage.TheRomanChristianizingofBritainin597broughtEnglandintocontactwithLatincivilizationandmadesignificantadditionstoourvocabulary.TheScandinavianinvasionsresultedinaconsiderablemixtureofthetwopeoplesandtheirlanguages.TheNormanConquestmadeEnglishfortwocenturiesthelanguagemainlyofthelowerclasseswhilethenoblesandthoseassociatedwiththemusedFrenchonalmostalloccasions.AndwhenEnglishoncemoreregainedsupremacyasthelanguageofallelementsofthepopulation,itwasanEnglishgreatlychangedinbothformandvocabularyfromwhatithadbeenin1066.

【答案】今天的英語反映了許多世紀(jì)的發(fā)展。在英國歷史進(jìn)程中深刻影響英國人國家生活的政治和社會(huì)事件，通常也對他們的語言產(chǎn)生了明顯的影響。597年羅馬人對不列顛的基督教化使英國接觸了拉丁文明，并大大增加了我們的詞匯。斯堪的那維亞人的入侵導(dǎo)致了這兩個(gè)民族及其語言的大量混合。諾曼征服使英語在長達(dá)兩個(gè)世紀(jì)的時(shí)間里成為下層階級的主要語言，而貴族和與他們有關(guān)的人幾乎在所有場合都使用法語。當(dāng)英語再次成為所有人口的語言時(shí)，它的形式和詞匯都比1066年發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

13.翻譯題

由于世界范圍內(nèi)的高校采用越來越以市場為導(dǎo)向的管理模式，為了用可度量的方式來顯示自己的價(jià)值，學(xué)者們所承受的壓力也與日俱增。常用的度量方式就是研究成果，研究成果通常是按照發(fā)表文章的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量來計(jì)算的，而質(zhì)量則常常由是否有文章被引文索引庫（citationindex）所收錄來決定。因此，要想在專業(yè)上成功,學(xué)者們需要寫出一系列會(huì)被索引引用的文章，當(dāng)然這些文章很可能是用英語寫成。

【答案】Asinstitutionsofhigherlearningworldwidehaveadoptedanincreasinglymarket-orientedmodeofmanagement,scholarsarebearingincreasingpressureinordertodemonstratetheirvaluesinameasurablemanner.Acommonwayofmeasurementistomeasureresearchfruits,whicharecalculatedinaccordancewiththenumberandqualityofpublishedpapers.Butqualityisusuallydeterminedbywhetherapaperisincludedinoneofthecitationindexes.Therefore,tosucceedintheirspecialties,scholarsneedtowriteaseriesofpaperscitedinthecitationindexes.Ofcourse,thosepapersarelikelytobewritteninEnglish.

14.填空題

Theprofessionalfieldsthatdealwithethicalissuesinmedicineincludingmedicine,nursing,law,sociology,philosophy,andtheology,thoughinthelate20thcenturymedicalethicshascometobe

recognizedasitsowndiscipline.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bincluding改為include

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞。

【解題思路】B部分在句子中是謂語動(dòng)詞，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語Theprofessionalfields為復(fù)數(shù)，這里應(yīng)該用include。

【句意】處理醫(yī)學(xué)倫理問題的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域包括醫(yī)學(xué)、護(hù)理、法律、社會(huì)學(xué)、哲學(xué)和神學(xué)，盡管在20世紀(jì)后期，醫(yī)學(xué)倫理已經(jīng)被視為一門獨(dú)立的學(xué)科。

15.單選題

Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudent.（46）alongreadingassignmentisgiven,instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththe（47）inthereadingeveniftheydonotdiscussitinclassortakeanexamination.The（48）studentisconsideredtobe（49）whoismotivatedtolearnforthesakeof（50）,nottheoneinterestedonlyingettinghighgrades.Sometimeshomeworkisreturned（51）briefwrittencommentsbutwithoutagrade.Evenifagradeisnotgiven,thestudentis（52）forlearningthematerialassigned.Whenresearchis（53