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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-唐山工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.

TheAmericandefinitionofsuccessislargelyoneofacquiringwealthandahighmaterialstandardofliving.Itisnotsurprising,therefore,thatAmericansvalueeducationforitsmonetaryvalue.ThebeliefiswidespreadintheUnitedStatesthatthemoreschoolingpeoplehave,themoremoneytheywillearnwhentheyleaveschool.

(1)Thebeliefisstrongestregardingthedesirabilityofanundergraduateuniversitydegree,oraprofessionaldegree,suchasmedicineorlaw,followingtheundergraduatedegree.Themonetaryvalueofgraduatedegreesin"nonprofessional"fieldssuchasart,history,orphilosophyisnotasgreat.

InrecentyearstherehasbeenachangeinthejobmarketintheUnitedStates.(2)

Inthepast,itwaspossibletogetahigh-payingfactoryjobwithoutacollegeeducation;workerswithskillslearnedinvocationalschoolsoronthejobcoulddoworkthatdidnotrequireacollegeeducation.Thesewereamongthejobsthatnewimmigrantswereoftenabletoobtain.Increasingly,however,theadventofnewtechnologieshasmeantthatmoreandmoreeducationisrequiredtodothework.(3)

ManyofthenewjobsintheUnitedStateseitherrequireacollegeeducation,evenagraduatedegreeortheyarelow-payingjobsintheservicesectoroftheeconomy_—suchasinfast-foodrestaurants,smallstores,andhotels.Additionally,manyjobsarebeingoutsourcedtocountrieswheresalariesaremuchlower.(4)

Thisistrueofbothhigher-payingtechnicaljobsandlower-payingjobsrequiringlimitedskills.Becauseoftheimportanceofhighereducation,manyadultscombineworkingwithtakingclassesatacollege.Manypublicandprivatecollegesanduniversitiesaremakingiteasierforstudentstotakeclassesthroughdistancelearning,usingtheInternettoprovidematerialsandlecturesaswellastoengagestudentsindiscussion.(5)

Somestudentswhoarelivingoncampusorcommutingtoclassestakeatleastpartoftheircourseworkbydistance,butitisalsopossibleforastudenttoobtainbothundergraduateandgraduatedegreeswithouteverbeingonacollegecampus.

【答案】1.有一種觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)烈地認(rèn)為大學(xué)本科學(xué)位或繼大學(xué)本科學(xué)位之后的專業(yè)學(xué)位(諸如醫(yī)學(xué)和法律)是值得向往的。

2.在過去,沒有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的情況下得到一份高薪的工廠工作是可能的;從職業(yè)學(xué)?;蚬ぷ魃蠈W(xué)得技巧的工人們可以做不需要大學(xué)學(xué)歷的工作。

3.在美國很多新工作要么要求大專學(xué)歷甚至研究生學(xué)歷,要么它們是經(jīng)濟(jì)服務(wù)業(yè)里(諸如快餐店,小商店和旅館)的底薪工作。

4.較高薪酬的技術(shù)工作和需要有限技能的較低薪資的工作都的確如此。

5.住?;蛲ㄇ趤砩险n的一些學(xué)生通過遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)來完成至少部分課程,不過一個學(xué)生在從不在大學(xué)校園的情況下也可能獲得本科學(xué)位和研究生學(xué)位。

2.單選題

Competition,theybelieve,(

)thenationalcharacterthancorruptit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enforces

B.confirms

C.intensifies

D.strengthens

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義動詞詞義辨析。enforce“強(qiáng)迫,強(qiáng)制”,confirm“確定”,intensify“使變得更強(qiáng)烈”,strengthen“增強(qiáng)力量”。句意:他們相信競爭能增強(qiáng)民族性,而不是使民族墮落。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Correctideasarenot()inthemind,butcomefromsocialpractice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.learned

B.friendly

C.imparted

D.innate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)learned“博學(xué)的,有學(xué)問的”;B選項(xiàng)friendly“友好的,親切的”;C選項(xiàng)imparted“給予的,授予的”;D選項(xiàng)innate“先天的,固有的”,句意:正確的思想不是頭腦中固有的,而是來源于社會實(shí)踐。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知,D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.翻譯題

Optimismandpessimismarebothpowerfulforces,andeachofusmustchoosewhichwewanttoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations.Thereisenoughgoodandbadineveryone'slife—amplesorrowandhappiness,sufficientjoyandpain—tofindarationalbasisforeitheroptimismorpessimism.Wecanchoosetolaughorcry,blessorcurse.It'sourdecision:Fromwhichperspectivedowewanttoviewlife?Willwelookupinhopeordownindespair?Ibelieveintheupwardlook.Ichoosetohighlightthepositiveandsliprightoverthenegative.Iamanoptimistbychoiceasmuchasbynature.

TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】樂觀和悲觀都是兩種強(qiáng)大的力量。我們每個人都必需選擇其一,用來塑造我們的觀點(diǎn)和期望。每個人的生活中都有很多好事與壞事,如足夠的悲傷與快樂,足夠的滿足與痛苦。這些都是形成悲觀和樂觀的合理基礎(chǔ)。我們能夠選擇是笑或是哭,是祝福還是詛咒。我們可以自己決定用哪種角度來看待生活,或者我們是昂首尋找希望還是低頭沮喪呢?我贊成昂首尋找希望。我選擇積極的一面,而且忽略消極的一面。出于本性,我選擇做一個樂觀主義者。

5.單選題

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressureasaresultofwhichrefineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)layout“展示,安排”,B項(xiàng)layoff“解雇,休息”,C項(xiàng)laydown“放下,制定”,D項(xiàng)layaside“擱置,儲蓄”。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞workers(工人)和employees(雇員)可猜測,空格部分表示“解雇”,因此四個選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意:美國的石油公司已經(jīng)開始感受到壓力,因?yàn)闊捰凸と撕褪驮O(shè)備制造員工正在被裁員。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Weare()facedwiththenecessarytorecognizethathavingmorepeopleimpliesalowstandardofliving.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.readily

B.smoothly

C.inevitably

D.deliberately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)readily“容易地,樂意地”,B項(xiàng)smoothly“平穩(wěn)地,平滑地”,C項(xiàng)inevitably“不可避免地”,D項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞withthenecessaryto(有必要)可知,空格部分填入inevitably最合適。句意:我們不可避免地必須要認(rèn)識到人越多生活水平越低。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Ourvisualperceptiondependsonthereceptionofenergyreflectingorradiatingfromthatwhichwewishtoperceive.Ifoureyescouldreceiveandmeasureinfinitelydelicatesensedata,wecouldperceivetheworldwithinfiniteprecision.Thenaturallimitsofoureyeshave,ofcourse,beenextendedbymechanicalinstruments;telescopesandmicroscopes,forexample,expandourcapabilitiesgreatly.Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus.Thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesensedatasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeinvisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherrefined,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.Itislikeadrawingachildmightmakebystickinginvisiblediscsofcolorontoacanvas.

Wemightthinkthatwecouldavoidthislimitationbyusingquantawithextremelylongwavelengths:suchquantawouldbesufficientlysensitivetoconveyextremelydelicatesensedata.Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuseless.Tomeasurealengthaccuratelytowithinamillionthofaninch,wemusthaveameasuregraduateinmillionthsofaninch;ayardstickgraduatedininchesisuseless.Quantawithawavelengthofoneinchwouldbe,inasense,measuresthataregraduatedininches.Quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuselessinmeasuringanythingexceptextremelylargedimensions.

Despitethesedifficulties,quantahaveimportanttheoreticalimplicationsforphysics.Itusedtobesupposedthat,intheobservationofnature,theuniversecouldbedividedintotwodistinctpartsaperceivingsubjectandaperceivedobject.Inphysics,subjectandobjectweresupposedtobeentirelydistinct,sothatadescriptionofanypartoftheuniversewouldbeindependentoftheobserver.Thequantumtheory,however,suggestsotherwise,foreveryobservationinvolvesthepassageofacompletequantumfromtheobjecttothesubject,anditnowappearsthatthispassageconstitutesanimportantcouplingbetweenobserverandobserved.Wecannolongermakeasharpdivisionbetweenthetwoinanefforttoobservenatureobjectively.Suchanattemptatobjectivitywoulddistortthecrucialinterrelationshipofobserverandobservedaspartsofasinglewhole.But,evenforscientists,itisonlyintheworldofatomsthatthisnewdevelopmentmakesanyappreciabledifferenceintheexplanationofobservations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey________.

3.Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawing(Para.1)primarilyinorderto________.

4.Theauthorimpliesthatmakingasharpdivisionbetweensubjectandobjectinphysicsis________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworld

B.pointouttheinadequaciesofacceptedunitsofmeasurement

C.compareandcontrastscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobserved

D.suggestthelimitedfunctionofsensoryobservation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.existindependentlyofsensedata

B.haveaninsignificantamountofenergy

C.cannot,withpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelength

D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandposition

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsensedataconveyedbyquanta

B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceofsignificantobservationalproblems

C.anticipatetheobjectionsofthosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaidtoobservationisentirelyreliable

D.exemplifythesimilaritiesbetweenpackagesofenergyandvarietiesofcolor

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.possibleinameasurementofanobject’slengthandposition,butnotinameasurementofitsenergy

B.nolongeranentirelyaccuratewaytodescribeobservationoftheuniverse

C.stilltheoreticallypossibleinthesmall-scaleworldofatomsandelectrons

D.possibleinthecaseofobservationsinvolvingthepassageofacompletequantum

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.本文的主要目的是________。

A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworldA.討論妨礙準(zhǔn)確感知世界的問題

B.pointouttheinadequaciesofacceptedunitsofmeasurementB.指出公認(rèn)計(jì)量單位的不足之處

C.compareandcontrastscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobservedC.比較和對照關(guān)于應(yīng)該如何測量和觀察世界的科學(xué)假設(shè)

D.suggestthelimitedfunctionofsensoryobservationD.表明感官觀察功能的有限

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段提出視覺感知(visualperception)的極限在我們無法接收比單個量子能量傳遞的更小的感知數(shù)據(jù),第二段提出科學(xué)家想到了一個辦法使用波長極長的量子(quantawithextremelylongwavelengths)也不能突破這種限制,第三段提出量子對物理學(xué)有重要的理論意義(importanttheoreticalimplications),也就是研究視覺感知而得來的啟示。綜上所述,本文在談?wù)撘曈X感知受到阻礙引發(fā)的一系列問題,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“指出公認(rèn)計(jì)量單位的不足之處”:文章沒有提到計(jì)量單位,屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“比較和對照關(guān)于應(yīng)該如何測量和觀察世界的科學(xué)假設(shè)”和D選項(xiàng)“表明感官觀察功能的有限”:只是文章的部分內(nèi)容,不能概括全文,屬于以偏概全。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey________.根據(jù)本文,波長極長的量子不能用來提供關(guān)于物質(zhì)世界的完整信息,因?yàn)樗鼈僟_______。

A.existindependentlyofsensedataA.獨(dú)立于感官數(shù)據(jù)而存在

B.haveaninsignificantamountofenergyB.沒有足夠的能量

C.cannot,withpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelengthC.用現(xiàn)在的儀器不能與較短波長的量子隔離

D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandpositionD.提供的測量長度和位置的方法不夠精確

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞completeinformation定位到第二段第二、三句,該處講到“對世界的完全準(zhǔn)確的感知(completelyaccurateperceptionoftheworld)還取決于我們想要感知的東西的長度和位置的精確測量(exactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositions)。因此(Forthis),波長極長的量子是無用的。”,可知其原因是它們不能準(zhǔn)確測量長度和位置,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)立于感官數(shù)據(jù)而存在”:文中沒有提到波長極長的量子獨(dú)立于感官數(shù)據(jù),屬于無中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“沒有足夠的能量”:文中沒有提到波長極長的量子能量不足,屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“用現(xiàn)在的儀器不能與較短波長的量子隔離”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawing(Para.1)primarilyinorderto________.作者用孩子的畫作類比(第一段)主要是為了________。

A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsensedataconveyedbyquantaA.說明由量子傳遞的感官數(shù)據(jù)的精確度的極限限制

B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceofsignificantobservationalproblemsB.顯示出科學(xué)家在面對重大觀察問題時(shí)的無助感

C.anticipatetheobjectionsofthosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaidtoobservationisentirelyreliableC.預(yù)測那些科學(xué)家的反對意見,他們認(rèn)為沒有任何儀器輔助的觀察完全可靠

D.exemplifythesimilaritiesbetweenpackagesofenergyandvarietiesofcolorD.舉例說明能量包和各種顏色之間的相似性

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞Para.1和信息詞child’sdrawing定位到第一段最后一句,該處講到“這就像一個孩子畫……一樣(Itislike)”,結(jié)合該段倒數(shù)第二句,該處講到“這些量子不能被進(jìn)一步細(xì)化,我們達(dá)到了一個點(diǎn),超過了這個點(diǎn),對世界的進(jìn)一步解析就不可能了。”,可知child’sdrawing的例子是對該段倒數(shù)第二句觀點(diǎn)的佐證,也就是量子傳遞的感官數(shù)據(jù)的精確度有限制,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“顯示出科學(xué)家在面對重大觀察問題時(shí)的無助感”:文中沒有提到科學(xué)家對此感覺很無力,屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測那些科學(xué)家的反對意見,他們認(rèn)為沒有任何儀器輔助的觀察完全可靠”:文中沒有提到科學(xué)家有反對意見,屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“舉例說明能量包和各種顏色之間的相似性”:文中沒有提到能量包和顏色的聯(lián)系,屬于無中生有。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorimpliesthatmakingasharpdivisionbetweensubjectandobjectinphysicsis________.作者的意思是,在物理學(xué)中區(qū)分主體和客體的方法________。

A.possibleinameasurementofanobject’slengthandposition,butnotinameasurementofitsenergyA.在測量物體的長度和位置時(shí)有可能,但在測量物體的能量時(shí)不能

B.nolongeranentirelyaccuratewaytodescribeobservationoftheuniverseB.不再能非常準(zhǔn)確地描述對宇宙的觀察

C.stilltheoreticallypossibleinthesmall-scaleworldofatomsandelectronsC.在原子和電子這很小的范圍里,理論上仍然是可能的

D.possibleinthecaseofobservationsinvolvingthepassageofacompletequantumD.全然以量子論來觀察,這是可能的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞divisionbetweensubjectandobject定位到第三段,結(jié)合該段第三、四、五句,該處講到“在物理學(xué)中(Inphysics),主體和客體應(yīng)該是完全不同……然而,量子理論(Thequantumtheory)卻提出了相反的觀點(diǎn)(suggestsotherwise)……為了客觀地觀察自然,我們再也不能將這兩者清晰地區(qū)分開來(Wecannolongermakeasharpdivision)?!?,可知作者認(rèn)為物理學(xué)的方法如今不再能客觀地觀察自然,需要舍棄,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“在測量物體的長度和位置時(shí)有可能,但在測量物體的能量時(shí)不能”:對應(yīng)第三段第三句“在物理學(xué)中,主體和客體應(yīng)該是完全不同的(entirelydistinct),所以對宇宙任何部分(anypartoftheuniverse)的描述都是獨(dú)立于觀察者的?!?,可知在物理學(xué)中,主體和客體的區(qū)分在任何情況下都非常明顯,屬于反向干擾;

C選項(xiàng)“在原子和電子這很小的范圍里,理論上仍然是可能的”:對應(yīng)文章最后一句“即使對科學(xué)家來說,也只有在原子的世界里,這種新理論(newdevelopment)才會對對觀測結(jié)果的解釋有明顯的不同?!保@里的新理論指的是量子論,而不是傳統(tǒng)物理學(xué),屬于張冠李戴;

D選項(xiàng)“全然以量子論來觀察,這是可能的”:對應(yīng)第三段第四句“量子理論卻提出了相反的觀點(diǎn)……構(gòu)成了觀察者和被觀察者之間的重要結(jié)合(importantcouplingbetweenobserverandobserved)”,可知量子論的觀點(diǎn)和物理學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)相反,在量子論中,觀察者和被觀察者無法清晰地區(qū)分開來,屬于反向干擾。

8.單選題

Thedevelopmentofhigh-technologiesatanunprecedentedspeedhasrenderedlotsofconventionalofficejobs().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suicidal

B.obsolete

C.available

D.profitable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)suicidal“自殺的”;B選項(xiàng)obsolete“淘汰的,廢棄的,過時(shí)的”;C選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的,有空的”;D選項(xiàng)profitable“有利可圖的,有益的”。句意:高科技以前所未有的速度發(fā)展,使得許多傳統(tǒng)的辦公室工作被淘汰了。由句意可知高科技發(fā)展導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)辦公室工作過時(shí)/淘汰,B選項(xiàng)obsolete“淘汰的,廢棄的,過時(shí)的”符合題意,其他選項(xiàng)都不準(zhǔn)確。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Conventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddried.Toolittleconflictbreedsapathyandstagnation,toomuchconflictleadstodivisivenessandhostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,cansparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitiveway.

RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.Hestudiedperceptionsofconflictamongasampleofexecutives.Someoftheexecutivesworkedforprofit-seekingorganizationsandothersfornot-for-profitorganizations.

Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.Specifically,managersinnot-for-profitorganizationsstronglybelievedthatconflictwasbeneficialtotheirorganizationsandthatitpromotedhigherqualitydecisionmakingthanmightbeachievedintheabsenceofconflict.

Managersoffor-profitorganizationssawadifferentpicture.Theybelievedthatconflictgenerallywasdamagingandusuallyledtopoor-qualitydecisionmakingintheirorganizations.Schwenkinterpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriaforeffectivedecisionmakingsuggestedbytheexecutives.Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.

Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononconflictis(

).

2.ProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk’sresearchshows(

).

3.WecanlearnfromSchwenk’sresearchthat(

).

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinfor-profitorganizations(

).

5.Peopleworkinginanot-for-profitorganization(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wrong

B.oversimplified

C.misleading

D.unclear

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflict

B.therealvalueofconflict

C.thedifficultindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflict

D.thecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconflict

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aperson’sviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeofhisorganization

B.conflictisnecessaryformanagersoffor-profitorganizations

C.differentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentways

D.itisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidconflict

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereisnoendofconflict

B.expressionofdifferentopinionsisencouraged

C.decisionsmustbejustifiable

D.successliesingeneralagreement

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.seemtobedifficulttosatisfy

B.arefreetoexpressdiverseopinions

C.arelesseffectiveinmakingdecisions

D.finditeasiertoreachagreement

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由第二段“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而,CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明,確定沖突的最佳水平可能比這些簡單的概括要復(fù)雜得多。”可知作者認(rèn)為公眾對于沖突的理解過于簡單。故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而,CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明,確定沖突的最佳水平可能比這些簡單的概括要復(fù)雜得多。”可知確定沖突的最佳水平存在困難。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.有些令人驚訝的是,Schwenk發(fā)現(xiàn),對于沖突的看法隨著組織類型的不同而系統(tǒng)地變化?!苯酉聛矸謩e列舉了盈利機(jī)構(gòu)和非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)對待沖突的不同看法。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第四段“Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.在以盈利為目的的組織中,決策效能最常以財(cái)務(wù)術(shù)語來評估。高管們認(rèn)為,共識而不是沖突可以增強(qiáng)財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)。”可知盈利機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為共識能增強(qiáng)財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)。故D項(xiàng)“成功在于統(tǒng)一的意見(共識)”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.在非營利性組織中,決策有效性是從令人滿意的群體的角度來定義的。考慮到滿足許多不同成員的復(fù)雜性和模糊性,高管們認(rèn)為沖突導(dǎo)致了更深思熟慮和可接受的決定?!笨芍诜怯詸C(jī)構(gòu)里人們可以表達(dá)不同的觀點(diǎn),故B項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

ChinatownhasbeenthecenterofSanFrancisco’sChinesecommunitysincethe1850s.Itsboundarieshaveexpandedsignificantlysincethe1960s,andtheneighborhoodsbuilttherearegenerallyaffluent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plentiful

B.attractive

C.friendly

D.wealthy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。affluent表示“富裕的,豐富的”;A項(xiàng)plentiful“豐富的,許多的”,B項(xiàng)attractive“吸引人的”,C項(xiàng)friendly“友好的”,D項(xiàng)wealthy“富裕的”。句意:自19世紀(jì)50年代以來,唐人街一直是舊金山華人社區(qū)的中心。自20世紀(jì)60年代以來,它的疆界大幅擴(kuò)張,在那里建造的社區(qū)一般都很富裕。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

11.單選題

OnNewYear’sEve,NewYorkCityholdsanoutdoor(

)whichattractsacrowdofamillionormorepeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incident

B.event

C.case

D.affair

【答案】B

【解析】同義詞辨析題。四個詞都有事件的意思,incident指的是突發(fā)的,概率較小的事件;event指大型的活動或事件;case一般指案件;affair一般指私事。

句意:在新年前夕,紐約市舉行了一場戶外活動,吸引了100多萬人參加。根據(jù)參加的人數(shù)可推測活動規(guī)模之大,所以選項(xiàng)B更恰當(dāng)。

12.單選題

To___freedomagainsttyranny,ourfatherslaiddowntheserules.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.guarantee

C.assure

D.fulfill

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensure“保證,確保(側(cè)重使人相信某個行為或力量產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果);使安全”;B選項(xiàng)guarantee“保證;擔(dān)保(指對事物的品質(zhì)或人的行為及履行義務(wù)、義務(wù)等承擔(dān)責(zé)任的保證)”;C選項(xiàng)assure“保證;擔(dān)保(側(cè)重指消除某人思想上的懷疑或擔(dān)心,從而有達(dá)到目的的保證感);使確信;弄清楚”;D選項(xiàng)fulfill“履行;實(shí)現(xiàn);滿足;使結(jié)束”。句意:為了___反對暴政的自由,我們的先輩制定了這些規(guī)則。本句側(cè)重表達(dá)“確保達(dá)到反對暴政的自由這一目的”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

()thestressofexaminationsareover,wecanallrelax.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.While

B.Eventhough

C.Nowthat

D.For

【答案】C

【解析】句意:既然考試的壓力結(jié)朿了,因此我們都能放松下了。

考查短語辨析。while雖然,然而,當(dāng)……的時(shí)候;eventhough雖然,即使;nowthat既然,由于;for為了,對于,適合于;因?yàn)椋ㄟ@個詞在表示原因時(shí)一般不放在句首)。分析句意可知前后句子為因果關(guān)系。故C符合句意。

14.單選題

Youshouldtreatthoseremarkswiththe(

)thattheydeserve,don’tgivethemasecondthought.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.disgrace

C.contempt

D.sarcasm

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。negative“否定;負(fù)數(shù)”;disgrace“恥辱;丟臉的人或事”;contempt“輕視;恥辱”;sarcasm“諷刺;挖苦”。句意:你應(yīng)該以那些評論應(yīng)得的輕視來對待它們,別再想了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

Inotherwords,languageisnotnecessarytheprivatepropertyofthosewhouseit,justasFrenchisnottheprivatepropertyofFrenchpeople,norEnglishofEnglishpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inotherwords

B.necessary

C.justas

D.nor

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞使用。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,theprivatepropertyofthosewhouseit是句子的賓語且不是單個的名詞,而necessary是形容詞,一般充當(dāng)表語或者定語,放在此處不符合語法,所以應(yīng)該把形容詞necessary換成副詞necessarily,表示“必要地”。句意:換句話說,語言并不一定是講這一語言的人的私有財(cái)產(chǎn),就像法語不是法國人的私有財(cái)產(chǎn),英語也不是英國人的私有財(cái)產(chǎn)。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

16.翻譯題

In1959JacouesCousteausoundedthealarm:theMediterraneanwasdying.DivingoffFrance’ssoutherncoast,Cousteaufoundamarinedesertthatafewyearsearlierhadteemedwithfishandplants.Heblamedpoisonsfromthelargeurbanandindustrialcomplexesbuiltnearthesea.Cousteaucrystallizedgrowingpublicconcernoverpollutionoftheworld’sseasandoceans.Bythe1960s,oilspills,chemicalsandsewagewereturningareasoftheBalticintotoxiccesspools,heavymetalsandDDThadaccumulatedinfishandshellfishfromtheAtlantictotheChinaSea,causingcarnageamongbirdsthatatethemandpoisoningpeople.

Booksaretomankindwhatmemoryistoindividual.Theycontainthehistoryofourrace,thediscoverieswehavemade,theaccumulatedknowledgeandexperienceofages;theypictureforusthemarvelsandbeautiesofnature,helpusinourdifficulties,comfortusinsorrowandinsuffering,changehoursofwearinessintomomentsofdelight,storeourmindswithideas,fillthemwithgoodandhappythoughts,andliftusoutofandaboveourselves.

【答案】1959年,雅克?庫斯都敲響了警鐘,地中海正在死亡。庫斯都在法國南部海岸潛水時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個海洋沙漠,然而在幾年前這里盛產(chǎn)魚和海洋植物。他認(rèn)為造成此現(xiàn)象的原因是海邊建立的大型城市和工業(yè)中心排放的有毒物質(zhì)。庫斯都讓人們對海洋污染問題的關(guān)注越來越具體化了。到了20世紀(jì)60年代,泄漏的石油、化學(xué)物質(zhì)和污水將波羅的海地區(qū)變成了有毒的污水坑。從大西洋到中國海域,魚類貝類體內(nèi)積累了大量的重金屬和殺蟲劑,重金屬和殺蟲劑在魚類和貝類體內(nèi)沉積,食用了它們的鳥類大量滅絕,并且也會使人們中毒。

書籍對于人類的作用就相當(dāng)于記憶對于個人的作用。書籍承載了我們種族的歷史、時(shí)代的一些探索發(fā)現(xiàn)以及日益積累的知識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。書籍為我們描繪了大自然的美麗,幫助我們擺脫困境,在我們悲傷和痛苦時(shí)安慰我們,使疲倦的時(shí)光變得歡樂,使我們的大腦充滿各種思想和觀念,充之以美好快樂的想法,并且不停地超越提升自我。

17.單選題

ThemonthwhichstartedwiththefallofRomewitnessedalsothefallofothercitiesandtheGermanFortresswassuccessfullybesieged.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suppressed

B.surveyed

C.surrounded

D.surrendered

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。besiege表示“圍困,包圍”;A項(xiàng)suppress“抑制,鎮(zhèn)壓”,B項(xiàng)survey“調(diào)查,測量”,C項(xiàng)surround“圍繞,包圍”,D項(xiàng)surrender“投降,放棄”。句意:從羅馬淪陷開始的那個月,也見證了其他城市的淪陷,德國要塞被成功包圍。根據(jù)句意該題選C。

18.填空題

A:Isn’tthatyourcar?

B:No,it(1).Mineis(2)redoneoverthere

【答案】1.isn’t

2.the

【解析】1.語法分析。此處是否定回答。

2.語法分析。句意:我的是紅色那輛。此處為特指,所以用定冠詞the。

19.單選題

Thesecretarywasharshly()byherbossformisplacingsomeimportantfiles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rebuked

B.teased

C.washed

D.accused

【答案】A

【解析】本題是動詞辨析題。rebuked“指責(zé)”;teased“取笑,戲弄”;washed“洗滌”;accused“控告”,根據(jù)for后面的內(nèi)容“誤放了重要文件”,可知這位秘書會被老板責(zé)備,此處應(yīng)該使用動詞rebuke的過去分詞rebuked,故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。句意為:這位秘書因?yàn)檎`放了重要文件而被老板嚴(yán)厲指責(zé)了。

20.單選題

VI.LitigationProcedure

Methodsofservingprocessincivilcaseshavebothevolvedanderoded.InmedievalEngland,arrestofthedefendantwascommonattheoutsetofcivilactionsatlaw.Althougharrestcertainlyprovidednotice,itsprimarypurposewastoaccomplishthecourt’sassertionofphysicalpoweroverthedefendant.Eventually,arrestatthecommencementofacivilactionwasdeferred.Arrestwasthenreplacedwithsubjectiontothecourt’spowerbypersonaldeliveryofprocess,whichservedasthefoundationforonemodernservicemethodwhereaUnitedStatesMarshalpersonallyhandsthesummonstoadefendant.

Theideathatonlyagovernmentalofficer,suchasaUnitedStatesMarshalordeputy,couldbetheserverwaseventuallyabandonedinfavorofallowingtheservertobeanypersonthatisatleasteighteenyearsoldandnotapartytothelawsuit.Eventherequirementthatadefendantpersonallyreceivethesummonswasdilutedbytheadditionofanalternativemethodallowingasummonsandcomplainttobeleftatthedefendant’s“dwellingorusualplaceofabodewithsomeoneofsuitableageanddiscretionwhoresidesthere.”

Fromtherecipient’sperspective,thesummoningcourt’sassertionofpowerhasgraduallywornaway.Asoneexpertinthefieldaptlydescribed:“TheawesomeimpactofthesheriffarrivinginarmorandonhorsebacktodeliverawritinmedievalEnglandandtheauthorityofthesovereignsealedinthehot,redwaxofearliertimeshasbeenreplacedbyablandmanilaenvelopecarryingapostagestampthatmaycelebratenotionsofloveorpoetry.”

Althoughmostmodernservicemethodsarewelcomeimprovementstothoseofearlieryears(i.e.,notneedingtoarrestalldefendantsineverycivilaction),thisArticlearguestheservicemethodauthorizedbyRule7004(b)(1)oftheFederalRulesofBankruptcyProcedureviolatesadefendant’sdueprocessrightsundertheFifthAmendment.Rule7004(b)(1)allowsasummonsandcomplainttobeservedby“firstclassmailpostageprepaid...totheindividual’sdwellinghouseorusualplaceofabodeortotheplacewheretheindividualregularlyconductsabusinessorprofession.”Thereisnoacknowledgementofreceipt,nocertifiedmailing,andnowaiverdocumentthatmustbesignedandreturned.Otherthanthedefendant’sresponse,ifany,thereisnowaytoknowwhetherthedefendantreceivedthesummonsandcomplaint.

71.ThedefendantinacivilcaseintheUnitedStateshadbeennotifiedaboutthecaseinthefollowingwayBUT___.

72.Thelastsentenceinthe3rdparagraphmeansthat___.

73.AccordingtoRule7004(b)(1),adefendantinabankruptcycaseisservedby___.

74.TheproblemoftheRule7004(b)(1)forservingasummonsisthefollowing,except___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.personaldeliveryofthesummonsbyUSMarshal

B.personaldeliveryofthesummonsbyanyoneabove18notapartytothelawsuit

C.summonsandcomplaintbeleftatthedefendant’sdwelling

D.arrested

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.summoningprocessisthecourt’sassertionofpower

B.deliveryofasummonsisnolongerasseriousasbefore

C.thereshouldbeaspecialformofsummoning

D.asummonsmaybesentwithablandmanilaenvelopetogetherwithaloveletter

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.registeredmail

B.personaldelivery

C.firstclassmail

D.firstclassmailpostagetobepaid

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thedefendantisnotnotified

B.Thereisnoacknowledgementofreceipt

C.Nowaiverdocumentthatmustbesignedandreturned

D.Nowaytoknowwhetherthedefendantreceivedthesummonsandcomplaint

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】71.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段InmedievalEngland,arrestofthedefendantwascommonattheoutsetofcivilactionsatlaw.Althougharrestcertainlyprovidednotice,itsprimarypurposewastoaccomplishthecourt’sassertionofphysicalpoweroverthedefendant.(在中世紀(jì)的英國,逮捕被告在民事訴訟開始時(shí)是很常見的。雖然逮捕確實(shí)提供了通知,但其主要目的是實(shí)現(xiàn)法院對被告人的實(shí)際權(quán)力的主張)可知逮捕是在中世紀(jì)的英國而不是美國,D選項(xiàng)“逮捕”符合題意;第二段Theideathatonlyagovernmentalofficer,suchasaUnitedStatesMarshalordeputy,couldbetheserverwaseventuallyabandonedinfavorofallowingtheservertobeanypersonthatisatleasteighteenyearsol

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