考研考博-英語-唐山職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-唐山職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Earlymenwerealsogreatlyinterestedinthestarstheysawtwinklingintheskyatnight.Whattheydidnotrealizewasthatthestarswerealsopresentduringthedaytime,buttheirlightwasnotvisiblebecauseofthebrillianceofthesun.Howdidtheydiscoverthis?

Thereisoneeventwhichdoesenableustoseethestarsinthedaytime.Itisthetotaleclipseofthesun(日全食),whenthemoonpassesinfrontofthesunandhidesitfromview.Whenthishappens,theskybecomesdarkenoughforthestarstobeseen.Totaleclipsesofthiskinddonotoccurveryoftenandarenotlikelytobeseenfromthesameareamorethanonceeveryfifty-fouryears.Onecanimaginewhatanawe-inspiringsightitmusthavebeenforanearlyman,whowouldremembertheeventfortherestofhislife.

Somanwatchedthemovementsofthesun,themoonandthestarsandwonderedaboutthem.Itwaspracticingtheoldestbranchofscience—astronomy.

【答案】古人也對夜晚所見天空中閃爍的群星懷有濃厚的興趣。他們還知道白天星星也在那里，只是看不見它們閃光，因為太陽光太強了。人們怎么會發(fā)現(xiàn)這一點的呢？

只有一種情況讓我們在白天看見星星，那就是日全食。月亮走到太陽前面，把它遮住。這時天空變暗，便可看見星星了。這種日全食并不常見，同一個地區(qū)也許每隔五十四年只會碰上一次。我們可以想象，對于古人來說，這該是一種多么令人心驚膽顫的景象啊，他們一生永遠也不會忘記。

人類就是這樣觀察太陽，月亮和星體的運動，并產(chǎn)生疑問的，人們在思考它們是什么，以及它們在干什么的時候，其實就是在從事對科學的最古老的學科——天文學的研究。

2.單選題

Agroupofyoungmeninragssaunteredalongthestreet.

問題1選項

A.shuffled

B.rambled

C.tacked

D.hollered

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.shuffled拖著腳走，坐立不安B.rambled漫步，閑逛

C.tacked（用平頭釘）釘?。粦觑L行駛D.hollered發(fā)牢騷，大聲喊叫

【答案】B

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】由Agroupofyoungmeninrags（一群衣衫襤褸的年輕人）和street（街道）可推測，句子意思表示“一群衣衫襤褸的年輕人沿街閑逛”，劃線單詞sauntered表示“閑逛，漫步”。因此，B選項詞義最為接近，該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項與劃線單詞意思不符合。

【句意】一群衣衫襤褸的年輕人沿街閑逛。

3.單選題

Thereasonthatthecityattractslotsofinhabitantsliesinthatit’sacityof（）.

問題1選項

A.intensity

B.diversity

C.adversity

D.necessity

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這個城市吸引很多居民的原因在于它是一個多元化的城市。

考查名詞辨析。Intensity強度,強烈;diversity不同(點),多樣性,多樣化;adversity困境,逆境;necessity必然,必要,需要。因此B符合句意。

4.單選題

Thereareseveral______betweentheoriginalestimatesofthecostandtheactualbills.

問題1選項

A.exaggerations

B.discrepancies

C.breakthroughs

D.compliances

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項exaggeration“夸張；夸大之詞；夸張的手法”；B選項discrepancy“不符；矛盾；相差”；C選項breakthrough“突破；突破性進展”；D選項compliance“順從，服從；符合；屈從；可塑性”。句意：費用的原始估計和實際賬單之間有幾處不一致。因此B選項正確。

5.單選題

Theamountofheatproducedbythiselectricalapparatusis（）atwillbyturningasmallhandle.

問題1選項

A.variable

B.various

C.different

D.diverse

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:variable“可變的”；B:various“各種各樣的”；C:different“不同的”；D:diverse“不同的”。句意：由這個電子設(shè)備產(chǎn)生的熱量是可變的--任意轉(zhuǎn)動一個小的操按鈕即可。根據(jù)句意，判斷出A為正確答案。

6.單選題

Today’srecyclerscannowconceivablylayclaimtoarich,bloody,brawnyheritage,ifanewVikingdiscoveryisanyindication.ThefamedNorsewarriors,manyofwhomsettledpartsofeasternandnorthernEnglandintheMiddleAges,recycledastheyfought,newexcavationsintheUnitedKingdomsuggest.

An11th-centurymetalworkingsiterecentlydiscoveredinthecityofYorkislikelyevidenceofamakeshiftrecyclingcenter,whereVikingstookweaponsforreprocessingafterbattle,accordingtohistorianCharlesJones,organizeroftheFulfordBattlefieldSociety,whichadvocatespreservingthebattlesiteagainstpotentialdevelopment.

Jonesandhisteamhavefoundhundredsofpiecesofironwork—includingaxes,swordparts,andarrowheads——alongwithlumpsofmelted-downironandtheremainsofsmeltingpits.“Wefoundseveral‘smithinghearthbottoms’—theremainsofthemoltenmetalwhichdribblesdownduringthereprocessingoftheweaponryironwork,nhetoldtheYorkPress.“Theironfindssupporttheideathatmetalwasgatheredandrecycledintheareajustbehindwherethefightingtookplace,”Jonessaid.TheartifactsarecurrentlyundergoingX-rayanalysisattheUniversityofYork.Theuniversity’sSorenSindbaeksaidthetestsshouldrevealwhetherthecorrodeditemswereforgedusingNorseironwork,whichinvolvedusingdistinctivealloysofsoftironandhardsteel.“TheVikingswereveryskillfulmetalworkers,”saidarchaeologistSindbaek.“Theirweaponryisfamousforthewayironistreated.Anymetalwasapreciousmaterialthatwouldberecycled，”hesaid.“Whoeverwonafightinthisperiodwouldcollectwhatwasleftonthebattlefield.”

ThoughheknowsofnootherbattlefieldexamplesofVikingrecycling，evidenceofreuseofmetalandothermaterialshasbeenfoundatotherVikingsites,Sindbaeksaid.RecentexcavationsinYork,whichwascapturedandsettledbytheScandinavianseafarersin866，forinstance,showthatVikingsrecycledboatsforbuildingmaterialforhousesandevensidewalks.

JonesbelievesVikingsforcesworkedonthemetalin1066afterdefeatingEnglishwarriorsattheBattleofFulford,avillagelongsincesubsumedbytheexpandedcityofYork.Thehistorian’steambelievestheVikingswereforcedtoabandontheirrecyclingworkfivedayslaterbyasecondEnglishattack,theBattleofStamfordBridge,ledbyEngland’sKingHaroldII.TheVikingleaderinthebattle,KingHaroldIIIofNorway,waskilledandhisforcesrouted.TheEnglishkinglosthisownlifethefollowingmonth,whenhiswar-wearytroopsweredefeatedattheBattleofHastingsbyWilliam,DukeofNormandy,whobecamethenewEnglishking.

ProjectleaderJones,authorofTheForgottenBattleof1066:Fulford,isanamateurhistorian,andmanyoftheartifactswereuncoverednotduringprofessionalarchaeologicalexcavationsbutbymetal-detectorenthusiasts.Butthat“doesn’tatalldevalue”thediscovery,saidarchaeologistAllanHalloftheUniversityofYork.TheFulfordBattlefieldSocietyis“workingincloseco-operationwiththearchaeologicalestablishment，”Hallsaid.“Archaeologyhasalongtraditionofamateurstakingpart.”

1.Whatissaidabouttoday’srecyclersatthebeginningofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthe11th-centurymetalworkingsiterecentlydiscoveredin

thecityofYork?

3.WhathadarchaeologistsknownaboutVikingrecyclingbeforetheweaponrecyclingcenterwasdiscovered?

4.WhatisspecialaboutthevillageofFulford?

5.WhatdoweknowabouttheFulfordBattlefieldSociety?

問題1選項

A.TheyrecyclethingsthatarediscoveredattheVikingsettlements.

B.Theyareasrich,bloodyandbrawnyastheirVikingancestors.

C.TheymayhaveinheritedtherecyclingtraditionfromtheVikings.

D.TheyrecyclethesamethingsthattheVikingsrecycled.

問題2選項

A.Itwasanironworkrecyclingcenterfarawayfromthebattlefield.

B.WeaponsandotherutensilswerereprocessedherebytheVikings.

C.Evidenceshowsthattheweaponsrecycledherewereleftbytheenemyinthebattle.

D.Thepiecesofironworkfoundinthissitearebeinganalyzedinordertoknowwhatexactlytheyweremade'of.

問題3選項

A.TheVikingsrecycledmetalandothermaterialsfordailyuse.

B.TheVikingsonlyrecycledmetalsbecausetheywereprecious.

C.TheVikingsweretheonlypeopleatthattimewhousedalloysinreprocessingweapons.

D.Recyclingcenterswereusuallyfoundbehindthebattlefields.

問題4選項

A.ItisnearthecityofYorkbutwasnotincludedinthecityinhistory.

B.Abattletookplaceherein1066afterwhichtheVikingrecyclingcenterwasbuilttoreprocessweapons.

C.TheVikingsdefeatedtheEnglisharmytwicehereintheyear1066.

D.ItwasthelocationofthebattlebetweenKingHaroldIIandDukeofNormandy.

問題5選項

A.Itisanorganizationofprofessionalandamateurhistorians.

B.ItstrivesforpreservingtheVikingrecyclingsiteagainstpotentialdevelopment.

C.ItassistedprofessionalarchaeologistsintheexcavationoftheVikingrecyclingcenter.

D.Itisanamateurorganizationcooperatingcloselywithprofessionalarchaeologists.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)推理題。題干：在這篇文章的開頭，關(guān)于今天的回收者說了些什么？本文第一段最后一句提到“ThefamedNorsewarriors,manyofwhomsettledpartsofeasternandnorthernEnglandintheMiddleAges,recycledastheyfought,newexcavationsintheUnitedKingdomsuggest”，著名的北歐戰(zhàn)士——維京人就是邊打仗邊回收利用，說明今天的回收者可能是從維京人繼承而來。因此C選項符合題意。

2.細節(jié)推理題。題干：關(guān)于最近在約克市發(fā)現(xiàn)的11世紀金屬加工遺址，下列哪一項是正確的？文章第二段第一句提到了11世紀金屬加工遺址。文中對此的描述是“whereVikingstookweaponsforreprocessingafterbattle”，與B選項對應(yīng)，因此B選項符合題意。

3.細節(jié)推理題。題干：在發(fā)現(xiàn)武器回收中心之前，考古學家對維京人的回收利用了解多少？文中的CharlesJones即aechaeologist考古學家，文中引用了“Theironfindssupporttheideathatmetalwasgatheredandrecycledintheareajustbehindwherethefightingtookplace”，對應(yīng)D選項的內(nèi)容，因此D選項符合題意。

4.細節(jié)推理題。題干：富爾福德村有什么特別之處？第五段提到“Vikingsforcesworkedonthemetalin1066afterdefeatingEnglishwarriorsattheBattleofFulford,avillagelongsincesubsumedbytheexpandedcityofYork”，可知1066年在這里發(fā)生了戰(zhàn)役，維京人在這里開始回收武器。因此B選項符合題意。

5.細節(jié)推理題。題干：我們對福爾福德戰(zhàn)場了解多少？文章最后一段說到“TheFulfordBattlefieldSocietyis“workingincloseco-operationwiththearchaeologicalestablishment”，提取關(guān)鍵詞“合作”，還提到“Archaeologyhasalongtraditionofamateurstakingpart”，與A選項的“amateurhistorians”對應(yīng)，因此A選項符合題意。

7.單選題

Astheyenteredthevillageshop,theoldladybehindthecounter________atthemkindly.

問題1選項

A.beamed

B.glared

C.grimaced

D.peeped

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。beamatsb.“對某人微笑”；glareatsb.“盯著某人；怒視某人”；grimace“扮鬼臉”；peepat“偷窺”。句意：當他們走進鄉(xiāng)村小店時，柜臺后面的老婦人朝他們友好地微笑。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

WhentheU.N.CommissionontheStatusofWomen(CSW)helditsinauguralmeetinginLondonbackin1946,theU.S.delegate,EleanorRoosevelt,readanopenlettertothewomenoftheworldcallingongovernmentstoencouragewomeneverywheretoparticipateinnationalandinternationalaffairs.Theletteralsourgedwomenwhoareconsciousoftheiropportunitiestocomeforwardandshareintheworkofpeaceandreconstructionastheydidinwarandresistance.

But66yearslater,theworldwidestruggleforgenderequalityandgenderempowermentcontinuesunabated——evenaswomenfindthemselvesdiscriminatedagainst,andvictimsofviolence,bothathomeandonthebattlefield.

AsIndia'sPermanentRepresentativetotheUnitedNationsAmbassadorHardeepSinghPuritoldtheSecurityCouncilonFebruary23,2012,closeto90percentofcurrentcasualtiesinwarsandsituationsofarmedconflictarecivilians,withthemajoritybeingwomenandchildren.

Obviously,womenbearadisproportionatelylargeshareoftheburdenofconflict,buthaveamarginalsayinmattersofwarandpeace,hesaid,pointingouttheirony.Thisisperhapsafunctionofthegenderimbalanceinoursocieties,reflectedinpositionsofpowerandinfluence,headded.

Despitethis,Puffargued,womenshouldnotbeviewedsolelyasvictimsofwar.Theyalsohavetoassumethekeyroleofensuringfamilylivelihoodsinthemidstofchaosanddestruction,andareparticularlyactiveinthepeacemovementsatthegrassrootslevelandcultivatingpeacewithintheircommunities.

Therefore,theabsenceofwomenatthepeacenegotiatingtableisunconscionable,declaredPuri,asheimplicitlycriticizedthefactthatpeacenegotiatorsareoverwhelminglymale.

YasmeenHassan,globaldirectorattheNewYorkbasedEqualityNow,saidthateconomicdownturnsbringwiththemrisingfundamentalismsandaclingingtopracticesandbeliefsthatposeachallengetogenderequality.

Similarly,shepointedout,Warandlackofsecurityleadtoacurtailmentofwomen'srights.Thedevelopingworldhasseenalotmoreinstability——economic,political,social——thathasoftenbeenexacerbatedbyconflicts,bothinternalandcrossborder,thatposethebiggestbarrierstogenderequality.

“Instabilityandconflictsalsomakewomen'srightsactivismdifficultaswomenmaybecomedividedonissuesofnationalorigin,raceandclass,”sheadded.

A10-daymeetingofthe45-memberCSW,beginningFebruary28,2012,willfocusonanotherbattlefrom:theempowermentofruralwomenandtheirroleinpovertyandhungereradicationandsustainabledevelopment.

Accordingtothenewly-createdU.N.Women,ruralwomenconstituteone-fourthoftheWorld'spopulationofsevenbillionpeople.Still,onlyfivepercentofagriculturalextensionservicesareprovidedforwomenfarmers,andinruralsub-SaharanAfrica,womenholdlessthan10percentofthecreditavailabletosmallholderagriculture.

“Ifruralwomenhadequalaccesstoproductiveresources,agriculturalyieldscouldreducethenumberofchronicallyhungrypeoplebybetween100and150million,”saysUNWomen.

Askedaboutthekeyachievementsongenderempowermentinthelastfiveto10years,Hassansaid.“Everyoneagreesthatitisanissuethathastobeputontheagenda——women'sempowermenthascometobeseenasessentialfordevelopmentand,moreimportantlyincurrenttimes,forbuildingpeace.”

Shesaidtheshacklesofcultureandreligion,thoughstillbindingwomenmuchmoreharshlythanmen,havecometobeseen——atleastinternationally——asnotinevitableandinfactbreakable.

GigiFrancisco,thePhilippines——basedgeneralcoordinatorofDevelopmentAlternativeswithwomenforaNewEra(DAWN),saidthatamidstthebackdropofuncertaintimesforeconomiesworldwideandre-commitmentsmadebytheinternationalcommunitytoendingpovertyandachievingsustainabledevelopment,thereisamoredeliberatefocusonordinarywomen'srolesinproductionandconsumptionacrosstheeconomicsouth.

Byrelievingwomen'spracticalburdenslinkedtotheirgenderroles,itisassumedthatwomenandtheirfamilieswillbecomemoreefficientinaccessinganddistributingresourcesthatwouldeventuallyredoundtosomedegreeofempowerment,shesaid.

Atthesametime,Franciscopointedout,whenwomenbecomemoreefficientinperformingtheirroles,therestofthesocietyandtheentireeconomybenefit.

Focusingontheissuesandconcernsofgrassrootswomenistherightthingtodo.“Howeverwhatisfundamentallywrongwiththisapproachisthatwithoutawomen'srightsperspectivethefocusonefficiencyconfersentitlementstopoorwomensolelyonthebasisoftheirlabor,”sheadded.

Aswell,theapproachdoesnotleadtoanytransformationoftheexistinggenderdivisionoflaborthatpositionswomeninasubordinatedwaywithinfamiliesandsocieties,sheadded.Andbeinglesspoordoesnotmeanthatthegendergaphadbecomelessunequal.

Askedaboutgenderprogress,Franciscosaidthattheriseinthenumberofwomenenteringofficialpositionsofpowerandauthorityatlocal,national,regionalandgloballevelsisamajorachievementinonekeyaspectofgenderequality.

ThisisundoubtedlyaclearfollowthroughonobligationssetintheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationAgainstWomen(CEDAW)andthe1995BeijingPlatformforAction(BPFA)adoptedattheFourthWorldConferenceonWomeninChina.

Whileinstitutionalarrangementsandmechanismsforgenderequalityhaveprovidedtheframeworkinprogressivelyrealizinggenderbalanceinpoliticalreforms,changescouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheactionsbywomen'srightsadvocatesandmovementsthatpushedgenderequalityissuestotherealmofpublicdeliberationsandresistances.

“Incelebratingwomenwhoareinpositionsofpower,wemustrememberthatfirstly,thesituationforwomenleadersacrossandwithincountriesconsiderablyvary,”Franciscosaid.

Secondly,thatgains,eventhecelebratedones,maybetransientandseriouslythreatenedbyahostofneo-conservativereactionsthatemergefromsimultaneousupheavalsanduncertainties,andthirdly,powerfulwomenwillneedtobeassessednotintermsofhowlongtheyremainaspostergirlsforgenderequalitybutintermsoftheirconcretecontributionstoensuringthattherightsandwell-beingofordinarywomenaresecuredandpromoted.

“Andthattheprocessesofgovernanceatalllevelsremainaccountabletowomen'srightsorganizationsandmovements,”shesaid.

Relatedtothis,shesaid,isabigchallengethatUNWomennowhastoface:howitwillworkoutitsmechanismsandprocessesofpartnershipwithandaccountabilitytothewomen'smovementsinatransparentandconsultativeway.

Themainmessageofthispassageisthatwomentodayhavemadeextraordinaryprogressinattainingtherightstoparticipatingnationalandinternationalaffairs,forwhichtheirdeathtollinwarsandconflictishigherthanmen's.

Instability,risingfundamentalismcauseachallengetogenderequality.

Theroleofruralwomenineradicatingpovertyandhungerhasbeenfullyrealized.

Onekeyprogressingenderequalityisthatmorewomentodayattainofficialpositionsofpowerandauthority.

Theauthorofthispassagebelievesthatgenderbalancecanbefullyachievedaftertheestablishmentoftheframeworkofinstitutionalarrangementsandmechanismsforgenderequality.

問題1選項

A.A

B.B

問題2選項

A.A

B.B

問題3選項

A.A

B.B

問題4選項

A.A

B.B

問題5選項

A.A

B.B

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.前后不構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,所以表述不正確。

2.根據(jù)第七段“economicdownturnsbringwiththemrisingfundamentalismsandaclingingtopracticesandbeliefsthatposeachallengetogenderequality.”經(jīng)濟衰退帶來的是原教旨主義的抬頭,以及對實踐和信仰的執(zhí)著,這對性別平等構(gòu)成了挑戰(zhàn)。由此可知,對性別平等構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)的源頭是經(jīng)濟衰退,所以本句表述錯誤。

3.根據(jù)原文第十一段“ruralwomenconstitute...areprovidedforwomenfarmers.”世界70億人口中,農(nóng)村婦女占四分之一,只有5%的農(nóng)業(yè)推廣服務(wù)是為女性農(nóng)民提供的。由此可推斷,農(nóng)村婦女在消除貧困和饑餓方面的作用并沒有得到充分發(fā)揮。所以本句表述錯誤。

4.本句與原文倒數(shù)第七段描述一致,所以表述正確。

5.根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第五段可知,雖然性別平等的體制安排和機制為政治改革逐步實現(xiàn)性別平衡提供了框架,但如果沒有婦女權(quán)利倡導者和運動的行動,就不可能發(fā)生變化,這些行動把性別平等問題推到公眾審議和抵制的領(lǐng)域。由此可知,在建立性別平等的制度安排和機制框架之后,如果沒有實際的行動,是無法充分實現(xiàn)性別平等的。所以表述錯誤。

9.單選題

Althoughthetownhadbeen（）bythestormseveraltimes,littledamagewasdone.

問題1選項

A.attacked

B.injured

C.banned

D.struck

【答案】A

【解析】句意:盡管這個城鎮(zhèn)幾次遭到暴風雨的襲擊，但幾乎沒有造成什么損失。

考查動詞辨析。attack攻擊，抨擊，動手干；injure傷害，損害:harm傷害，危害，損害;struck罷工，打擊。此處是動詞的過去分詞形式表被動，動作的發(fā)出者是thestorm(暴風雨)，故選A項。

10.單選題

Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecializedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.

Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.

TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan￡900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan￡210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.

Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround￡500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese“articlepreparationcosts”hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.

1.Scientificpublishingisseenas"alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause（

）.

2.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave（

）.

3.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?

4.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcharacterisesthescientificpublishingmodel?

問題1選項

A.itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease

B.itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful

C.itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced

D.itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing

問題2選項

A.thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries

B.gonethroughanexistentialcrisis

C.revivedthepublishingindustry

D.financedresearchersgenerously

問題3選項

A.Relieved.

B.Puzzled.

C.Concerned.

D.Encouraged.

問題4選項

A.allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney

B.renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists

C.reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially

D.freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens

問題5選項

A.Trialsubscriptionisoffered.

B.Labourtriumphsoverstatus.

C.Costsarewellcontrolled.

D.Thefewfeedonthemany.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞alicencetoprintmoney，定位到第一段第三句，其他科學家也免費進行同行評議的專門工作，因為它是獲得地位和生產(chǎn)科學知識的核心要素。正確選項D，acquisition原詞，forfree替換選項中的costnothing.

2.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Elsevier定位到第三段第一句話，該公司去年利潤超過9億英鎊，然而僅英國大學在2016年就花費了超過2.1億英鎊。正確選項A“主要依靠大學圖書館”為定位句的同意表達。

3.態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞Sci-Hub的成功定位到第四段第二句，這表明法律生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在其用戶中已經(jīng)失去了合法性，必須進行改造，以便為所有參與者服務(wù)?？梢娮髡邔τ赟ci-Hub的成功采取否定態(tài)度，正確選項Cconcerned擔憂，擔心。relieved寬慰的，puzzled困惑的，屬錯誤選項，encouraged鼓勵的，正反混淆。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞openaccess定位到第五段，最后一句...sothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbefore...，合理收取費用是未來出版商能夠獲利……A選項為同義替換。B.使發(fā)表對科學家來說容易得多。C.降低出版成本。D.使大學擺脫財政負擔。

5.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞scientificpublishingmodel定位到最后一段第五句，勞動力被免費提供，以換取地位的希望，而一些經(jīng)營市場的大公司則獲得了巨額利潤?？芍俨糠肿髡呙赓M勞動，大部分公司盈利，A選項為同義替換。

11.單選題

MarythoughtshewouldnevermeetTomagain,butbyacurious（

）theyfinallymet.

問題1選項

A.coincidence

B.incidence

C.incident

D.accident

【答案】A

【解析】coincidence一致,巧合;incidence發(fā)生率;incident事件,事變;accident事故,意外。句意:瑪麗以為她再也見不到湯姆了,但由于一個奇怪的巧合,他們最終見面了。選項A符合句意。

12.單選題

Inthe1960sand'70softhelastunlamentedcentury,therewasaNewYorktelevisionproducernamedDavidSusskind.Hewascommerciallysuccessful;hewasalso,surprisingly,amanofstrongpoliticalviewswhichheknewhowtopresentsotactfullythatnetworkswereoftenunawareofjustwhathewasgettingawaywithontheir—our—air.Politically,helikedtogetstrong-mindedgueststositwithhimataroundtableinarattybuildingatthecornerofBroadwayand42ndStreet.Soonerorlater,justabouteveryoneofinterestappearedonhisprogram.Needlesstosay,healsohadtimeforVivienLeightodiscussherrecentdivorcefromLaurenceOlivier,whichsummonedforththemysteriouscryfromtheformerScarlettO'Hara,“IamdeeplysorryforanywomanwhowasnotmarriedtoLarryOlivier.”Sincethistookinseveralbillionladies(nottomentionthosegentlemenwhomighthaveofferedtofill,asitwere,thebreach),Leighcausedaproperstir,asdidtheballerinaAliciaMarkova,whogentlyassuredusthat“aMarkovacomesonlyonceeveryhundredyearsorso.”

Isuspectitwasthedimlightingonthesetthatinvitedsuchnakedtruths.Davidwatchedhispennies.Idon'trecallhow,orwhen,webeganour“StatesoftheUnion”programs.Butwedidthemyearafteryear.Iwouldfollowwhoeverhappenedtobepresident,andI'dcorrecthis“real”StateoftheUnionwithoneofmyown,improvisingfromquestionsthatDavidwouldprepare.Iwasapoliticalpunditbecauseina1960racefortheHouseofRepresentatives(upstateNewYork),Igotmorevotesthantheheadoftheticket,JFK;in1962,IturneddowntheDemocraticnominationforU.S.Senateonthesensiblegroundthatitwasnotwinnable;Ialsohadaprettygoodmemoryinthosedays,nowa-janglewithwarningbellsasItrytorecallthenationaldebtor,morepoignantly,whereIlastsawmyglasses.

I'vejustcomeacrossmy“StateoftheUnion”asof1972.In1972,Ibegin:“Accordingtothepolls,oursecondprincipalconcerntodayisthebreakdownoflawandorder.”(What,Iwonder,wasthefirst?Let'shopeitwasthepointless,seven-year—atthatpoint—warinSoutheastAsia.)Inotedthattothosedie-hardconservatives,“l(fā)awandorder”isusuallyacodephrasemeaning“gettheblacks.”While,towhatanorexic,vacant-eyedblondewomenonTVnowdescribeasthe“l(fā)iberalelite,”wewerepushingthecareful—thatis,slow—eliminationofpoverty.Butthen,Isayverymildly,wehaveonlyonepoliticalpartyintheUnitedStates,thePropertyParty,withtworightwings,RepublicanandDemocrat.SinceItendedtospeaktoconservativeaudiencesinsuchcivilizedplacesasMedford,Oregon;Parkersburg,WestVirginia;andLongview,Washington,thereare,predictably,afewgaspsatthisrejectionofsomuchreceivedopinion.Therearealsoquiteafewnodsfrominterestedcitizenswhofinditdifficultatelectiontimetotellthepartiesapart.WasitinpristineMedfordthatIactuallysawthenoddingRalphNaderwhomIwas,tohishorror,torunforpresidentthatyearinEsquire?Inspiredbythenods,Istarttogeldthelily,asthelateSamGoldwynusedtosay.TheRepublicansareoftenmoredoctrinairethantheDemocrats,whoarewillingtomakesmall—verysmall—adjustmentswherethepoorandblackareconcernedwhilegivingaidandcomforttotheanti-imperialists.

1.WemayunderstandAliciaMarkovatobe（

）.

2.Inthepassage,theauthorremindsthereaderthatthebroadcastbandsare

（

）.

3.Theauthornowfindsitdifficultto

（

）.

4.Theauthorobservesthatanti-crimeinitiativesbyAmerica'spoliticalrightofteneitherresultinorarebasedupon

（

）.

5.TheauthorwasinvitedtoparticipateinSuskind'stelevisionprogramsbecause（

）.

問題1選項

A.acurrentpopularfigureintheUnitedStates

B.amuchsought-afterinterviewsubject

C.apopular,ratherthanintellectual,interviewsubject

D.aRussiandefectortotheUnitedStates

問題2選項

A.invariablyusedforthepublicgood

B.private,ratherthanpublic,property

C.public,ratherthanprivate,property

D.fairandbalanced

問題3選項

A.runforSenate

B.differentiatebetweenaRepublicanandaDemocrat

C.rememberdetailsorinformation

D.identifycode-wordsint