考研考博-英語-安徽綠海商務(wù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽綠海商務(wù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Itallstartedin1950,whenpeoplebegantobuildtheirhousesonthe（）oftheircities.

問題1選項

A.paradises

B.omissions

C.orchards

D.outskirts

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項paradises“天堂，至福境地”；B選項omissions“疏忽，遺漏”；C選項orchards“果園，果樹林”；D選項outskirts“郊區(qū)，市郊”。句意：這一切都始于1950年，那時人們開始在他們城市的（）蓋房子。本句表示“在城市的郊區(qū)蓋房子”，因此D選項符合題意。

2.不定項選擇題

Inthepast,zooswerelittlemorethan“shelfdisplays”ofanimalsfromthewild.Todayzoos—atleastthebestofthem―trytorecreatethewildfortheanimals.Asmuchimportanceisplacedoncaringfortheanimalsasonattractingandentertainingvisitors.

PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.Smallcagesaregivingwaytospaciousenclosureswhereplants,rocks,treesandwatersimulatetheanimal’snaturalenvironments.Boththestressofcaptivityandtheanimal’sneedforexerciseandmovementaretakenintoaccountbyenlightenedzoomanagement;enclosureshaveprivateareaswheretheanimalscanretreatfromtheviewofspectators,andplentyofroomisprovidedfortheanimalstoclimb,swingandroam.Inaddition,greateremphasisisbeingplacedonresearchandpreventivehealthcare.

Perhapstheareaofgreatestconcernforzoosnowiswildlifepreservation.Zooproponentsarguethatencroachingcivilizationisrapidlydestroyingtheremainingnaturalhabitatsofwildanimal.Huntingforfurs,tusksandfeathersisprevalentinsomecountries,whichputanimalsfurtherindanger.Althoughzoosoncecontributedtothethreatofextinctionfacinganimalsinthewildbycontinuallystockingtheircageswithcapturedanimals,theynowhaveredefinedtheirroleaspreserversofendangeredspecies.

Althoughzoosstilloccasionallyimportwildanimalsfromaroundtheworldtostocktheircages,theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.RatherthanrelyingonaNoah’sArkapproach(twoofeverything),manyzoosnowkeeplargerstocksofeachspeciesandloantheiranimalstoeachotherforbreedingpurposes.

Breedingwildanimalsincaptivityhasnotbeenaneasyundertaking.Findingtherightmateforananimalissometimesdifficult,andtherelativelyforeignenvironmentputsstressonanimalsinwaysthathaveyettobefullyexploredandunderstood.Zoosdoknowthatmaintainingananimal’shealthisacriticalfactorinbreeding.Asaresult,zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicurestokeeptheanimalsintopshape.Pregnantfemalesarecloselymonitored,andeveryprecautionistakentoensureasuccessfulbirth.

Zoosmaystillhavesomeproblemstosolve,buttheyhavecomealongway.Notonlyaretheyplacestoobserveandlearnaboutanimalsthatwemightotherwiseneversee,buttheymayalsobeamongthelastrefugesforcreatureswhosesurvivalisconstantlythreatened.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheenvironmentinagoodzoonow?

2.Whatmajorrolesaremodernzoosplaying?

3.Fromthezooproponents’argumentsfewlearnthat（

）.

4.Whatisofgreathelpinmultiplyinganimalspeciesaccordingtothepassage?

5.Zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicuresforanimalstoensure（

）.

問題1選項

A.Spaciousandcivilized

B.Roomyandnatural

C.Shadyandstony

D.Enlightenedandsafe

問題2選項

A.Entertainingandeducatingvisitors

B.Educatingandprotectingpeople

C.Educatingpeopleandkeepinganimalspeciesfromextinction

D.Breedinganimalsandlendingthemtoothers

問題3選項

A.civilizationshouldbeabandonedinordertosavewildanimals

B.zoosarethreateninganimalwithextinction

C.althoughzoosoncemadecontributiontosavinganimalsfromthedangerofextinction,nowtheydonotpreserveendangeredspecies

D.Whilesomepeoplethreatenwildanimalsbyhunting,zoosarenowprotectingthemfromthedangerofextinction

問題4選項

A.Toexchangeanimalsamongthezoos

B.Toputanimalsintolargercages

C.Tohuntanimalsfromwildpreserve

D.Tofeedanimalsincaptivitybeforesendingthembacktonature

問題5選項

A.goodhealth

B.thattheyaretallandstrong

C.thattheyarekeptintopcages

D.anidealenvironment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：下列哪個選項可以描述一個好的動物園的環(huán)境。A選項“寬敞、文明”；B選項“寬敞、自然”；C選項“陰涼、多石”；D選項“富有啟迪性以及安全的”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二句話Smallcagesaregivingwaytospaciousenclosureswhereplants,rocks,treesandwatersimulatetheanimal’snaturalenvironments.（小籠子讓位給寬敞的圍欄，里面的植物、巖石、樹木和水模擬了動物的自然環(huán)境）從這句可以看出答案選B；A選項文章沒有提及，所以不選；C選項定位到第二段第二句話，雖然有提到樹蔭和石頭但是不是本句重點也不能全部概括當(dāng)代動物園的特點，這里屬于以偏概全，所以不選；D選項定位到第二段第一句PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.（公共教育和動物物種保護(hù)已經(jīng)成為美國較好的動物園的優(yōu)先事項。），沒有講到當(dāng)代動物園的特點，這里屬于出處錯誤，所以D選項不能選。

第2題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：現(xiàn)代動物園扮演什么重要的角色。A選項“娛樂和教育游客”；B選項“教育和保護(hù)人們”；C選項“教育人們，保護(hù)動物物種免于滅絕”；D選項“飼養(yǎng)動物，并把它們借給他人”。第二段第一句話PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.（公共教育和動物物種保護(hù)已經(jīng)成為美國較好的動物園的優(yōu)先事項）由此可知B選項錯誤，是保護(hù)動物而不是保護(hù)人類；C選項正確；A選項定位到第一段最后一句話Asmuchimportanceisplacedoncaringfortheanimalsasonattractingandentertainingvisitors.（照顧動物和吸引、娛樂游客一樣重要），這里講的是動物園想要達(dá)到的目的，而不是動物園在公眾面前所起到的作用，屬于出處錯誤，所以A選項不選；D選項定位到第四段第一、二句Althoughzoosstilloccasionallyimportwildanimalsfromaroundtheworldtostocktheircages,theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.（雖然動物園仍然偶爾從世界各地進(jìn)口野生動物放在籠子里，但他們正在越來越多地尋找其他動物園和圈養(yǎng)動物的來源，以獲得更多的動物。），這里不能回答題干所問的問題屬于出處錯誤。

第3題:判斷推理題。題干：從動物園支持者的觀點中，很少有人知道什么？A選項“為了拯救野生動物，文明應(yīng)該被拋棄”；B選項“動物園正威脅著動物的滅絕”；C選項“雖然動物園曾經(jīng)為拯救瀕臨滅絕的動物作出了貢獻(xiàn)，但現(xiàn)在它們不保護(hù)瀕危物種”；D選項“當(dāng)一些人通過狩獵威脅野生動物時，動物園正在保護(hù)它們免于滅絕的危險”。定位到第三段第二句Zooproponentsarguethatencroachingcivilizationisrapidlydestroyingtheremainingnaturalhabitatsofwildanimal.（動物園的支持者認(rèn)為，文明的入侵正在迅速摧毀野生動物僅存的自然棲息地），由這里可知支持者認(rèn)為因為文明的入侵導(dǎo)致野生動物的棲息地減少從而威脅野生動物的生存，所以暗含著保護(hù)野生動物就應(yīng)該拋棄文明的意味，所以答案選A。

B選項定位到第三段最后一句Althoughzoosoncecontributedtothethreatofextinctionfacinganimalsinthewildbycontinuallystockingtheircageswithcapturedanimals,theynowhaveredefinedtheirroleaspreserversofendangeredspecies.（盡管動物園曾經(jīng)不斷地在籠子里放養(yǎng)被捕獲的動物，造成了野生動物面臨滅絕的威脅，但它們現(xiàn)在重新定義了自己作為瀕危物種保護(hù)者的角色），從這里可知B選項錯誤。

C選項錯誤，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是保護(hù)者的角色就不會威脅動物的生存，這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項定位到第三段第三句Huntingforfurs,tusksandfeathersisprevalentinsomecountries,whichputanimalsfurtherindanger.（在一些國家，對毛皮、象牙和羽毛的捕獵十分盛行，這使動物進(jìn)一步處于危險之中），從這里可知不是偷獵導(dǎo)致動物瀕危，而是偷獵進(jìn)一步導(dǎo)致動物數(shù)量減少，所以不選。

第4題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第四段第一句話theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.（他們正在越來越多地關(guān)注其他動物園和圈養(yǎng)動物，以獲得更多的動物），所以選A選項“在動物園之間交換動物”；

B選項“把動物放進(jìn)更大的籠子里”，根據(jù)46題雖然有提到給動物提供更大的空間但是這不能讓動物數(shù)量增加，這里屬于反向干擾，所以B選項錯誤；

C選項“從野生保護(hù)區(qū)獵捕動物”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

D選項“在將動物送回大自然之前給它們喂食”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

題干：根據(jù)文章，什么對動物物種的繁殖有很大的幫助？A選項“在動物園之間交換動物”。

第5題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句話Asaresult,zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicurestokeeptheanimalsintopshape.（因此，動物園提供從牙科到足療的一切服務(wù)，以保持動物的最佳狀態(tài)），這里intopshape固定搭配“保持健康”的意思，答案選A；

B選項shape不是體態(tài)的意思，所以B選項錯誤；

C、D屬于出處錯誤，文中有提到籠子和生活環(huán)境這些不是動物園做動物身體護(hù)理的目的。

3.單選題

AstheclimateintheMiddleEastchangedbeginningaround7000B.C”conditionsemergedthatledtoamorecomplexandadvancedformofcivilizationinbothEgyptandoftheTigrisandEuphratesriversinMesopotamiabecamedrier,producingriver-sidelandsthatwerebothhabitableandfertile,andattractingsettlersarmedwiththenewlydevelopedtechniqueofagriculture.Thismigrationwasfurtherencouragedbythegradualtransformationoftheonce-hospitablegrasslandsoftheseregionsintodeserts.Humanpopulationbecameincreasinglyconcentratedintopocketsofsettlementscatteredalongthebanksofthegreatrivers.

Theriversprofoundlyshapedthewayoflifealongtheirbanks.InMesopotamia,themanagementofwaterinconditionsofunpredictabledrought,flood,andstormbecamethecentraleconomicandsocialchallenge.Villagersbeganearlytobuildsimpleearthworks,dikes,canals,andditchestocontrolthewatersandreducetheopposingdangersofdroughtduringthedryseason(usuallythespring)andfloodingattheharvesttime.

Sucheffortsrequiredadegreeofcooperationamongalargenumberofpeoplethathadnotpreviouslyexisted.Theindividualvillage,containingonlyadozenorsohousesandfamilies,waseconomicallyvulnerable;butwhenseveralvillages,probablyunderthedirectionsofacouncilofelders,learnedtosharetheirhumanresourcesinthebuildingofcoordinatednetworkofwater-controlsystems,thesafety,stability,andprosperityofallimproved.Inthisnewcooperation,theseedsofthegreatMesopotamiancivilizationswerebeingsown.

Technologicalandmathematicalinvention,too,werestimulatedbylifealongtherivers.Newdeviceswerefirstdevelopedhereforuseinirrigationsystems.Similarly,theearliestmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationandthefirstdevelopmentsingeometrywerestimulatedbytheneedtokeeptrackoflandholdingsandboundariesinfieldsthatwereperiodicallyinundated.

Theliversservedashighroadsofearliestcommerce.Tradersusedboatsmadeofbundlesofrushestotransportgrains,fruits,fibers,andtextilesfromonevillagetoanother,transformingtheriversintothecentralspinesofnascentcommercialkingdoms.Tradeexpandedsurprisinglywidely;wehaveevidencesuggestingthat,evenbeforetheestablishmentofthefirstEgyptiandynasty,goodswerebeingexchangedbetweenvillagersinEgyptandothersasfarasIran.

Similardevelopmentswereoccurringatmuchthesametimealongthegreatrivervalleysinotherpartsoftheworldforexample,alongtheIndusinIndiaandHwangHoinChina.Thehistoryofearlycivilizationhasbeenshapedtoaremarkabledegreebytherelationshipofhumansandrivers.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistoexplain（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingsocialeffectsdidtheunpredictabilityofwatersuppliesinMesopotamiahave?

3.Theearliestgeometersweresupportedprimarilyby（）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheemergenceofcomplexcivilizationsintheMiddleEastwasdependentuponthepreviousdevelopmentof（）.

5.TheauthorreferstoemergingcivilizationsinIndiaandChinaprimarilyinordertoemphasize（）.

問題1選項

A.howclimaticchangesledtothefoundingoftheearliestrecordedcities

B.theinfluenceofriverlifeonthegrowthofearlycivilizations

C.someoftherecentfindingsofresearchersintoearlyhumanhistory

D.thesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongseveralancientsocieties

問題2選項

A.Itledtowarfareoverwaterrightsamongrivalvillages.

B.Itencouragedcooperationinthecreationofwatermanagementsystems.

C.Itdrovefarmerstosettleinfertilegrasslandsfarfromtheuncontrollablerivers.

D.Ithadtheactualeffectofincreasingthepopulationthere.

問題3選項

A.mechanicalartisans

B.tradersandmerchants

C.farmlaborers

D.landowners

問題4選項

A.basictechniquesofagriculture

B.symbolicsystemsforwritingandmathematicalcomputation

C.toolsforconstructinghousesquicklyandeasily

D.amethodforstoringandtransferringwealth

問題5選項

A.theimportanceofwatertransportationinthegrowthofearlytrade

B.therelativelyadvancedpositionenjoyedbytheMiddleEastspreadtootherplaces

C.therapiditywithwhichsocialsystemsdevelopedintheMiddleEastspreadtootherplaces

D.thecrucialroleplayedbyriversinthedevelopmentofhumanculturesaroundtheworld

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹河流對于文明和發(fā)展的作用。因此B項“河流生命對于早期文明發(fā)展的影響”符合本文主旨大意。

2.判斷推理題。題干問的是:下列哪項是美索不達(dá)米亞中供水的不可預(yù)測性所產(chǎn)生的社會影響?第三段指出:Sucheffortsrequiredadegreeofcooperationamongalargenumberofpeoplethathadnotpreviouslyexisted.Theindividualvillage,containingonlyadozenorsohousesandfamilies,waseconomicallyvulnerable;butwhenseveralvillages,probablyunderthedirectionsofacouncilofelders,learnedtosharetheirhumanresourcesinthebuildingofcoordinatednetworkofwater-controlsystems,thesafety,stability,andprosperityofallimproved.Inthisnewcooperation,theseedsofthegreatMesopotamiancivilizationswerebeingsown(這種努力需要大量人員的前所未有的合作。只有十幾戶家庭的小村莊容易受到經(jīng)濟(jì)沖擊，但是在年長村民的指導(dǎo)下，這些村莊可能會學(xué)著在建立協(xié)調(diào)的水治理系統(tǒng)中進(jìn)行人力資源共享，這吋候鄉(xiāng)村的安全和穩(wěn)定性以及繁榮度都得到了提升。在新的合作下，美索不達(dá)米亞的文明之種正被播散開來)。故選B“它激發(fā)了水資源管理體系創(chuàng)新的相互合作”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞geometers定位至第四段:Similarly,theearliestmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationandthefirstdevelopmentsingeometrywerestimulatedbytheneedtokeeptrackoflandholdingsandboundariesinfieldsthatwereperiodicallyinundated(同樣，早期的測量和估算方法，以及幾何學(xué)的初期發(fā)展，都是因為需要記錄土地的所有權(quán)和記錄被周期性淹沒的土地邊界范圍而刺激發(fā)展的。因此，最初幾何學(xué)主要是為了記錄土地的所有權(quán)和實際情況而發(fā)展的)。故選D“土地所有者”。

4.判斷推理題。題干為:中東地區(qū)的復(fù)雜文明的出現(xiàn)主要依賴于之前的哪項的發(fā)展？第一段指出:AstheclimateintheMiddleEastchanged...JedtoamorecomplexandadvancedfromofcivilizationinbothEuphratesriversinMesopotamiabecamedrier,producingriver-sidelandsthatwerebothhabitableandfertile,andattractingsettlersarmedwiththenewlydevelopedtechniqueofagriculture(隨著中東地區(qū)的氣候變化，出現(xiàn)的狀況導(dǎo)致了復(fù)雜和先進(jìn)的文明形式?！?dāng)美索不達(dá)米亞的幼發(fā)拉底河變得更干旱后，產(chǎn)生了宜居且肥沃的河岸土地，并且吸引了擁有先進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的移民。即中東地區(qū)的先進(jìn)文明的發(fā)展有依靠農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的支持),故選A“基本的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)”。

5.作者意圖題。題干為:作者談及印度和中國的文明出現(xiàn)主要是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)什么？根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段:Similardevelopmentswereoccurringatmuchthesametimealongthegreatrivervalleysinotherpartsoftheworld—forexample,alongtheIndusinIndiaandHwangHoinChina(同吋，世界其他地方也有沿大河而居所產(chǎn)生的類似的發(fā)展，比如：印度西北部河流，中國的黃河)。因此,文章中談及印度和中國，是為了說明河流同樣在這些國家的發(fā)展中起到的作用,因此D項“在世界各地人類文化的發(fā)展中，河流發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵的作用”正確。

4.單選題

Whenproductsmadeinfactories（）,theyarethrownawayasgarbage.

問題1選項

A.cometoanend

B.areputtouse

C.areusedup

D.wearout

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項cometoanend“結(jié)束”；B選項areputtouse“使用，利用”；C選項areusedup“用完，用盡”；D選項wearout“磨損，耗盡，穿破”。句意：當(dāng)工廠生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品用壞了，就會作為垃圾扔掉。選項D最符合語境。

5.單選題

Althoughcatscannotseeincompletedarkness,theireyesaremuchmore_______tolightthanhumaneyes.

問題1選項

A.glowing

B.sensitive

C.brilliant

D.gloomy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項glowing“灼熱的；熱情洋溢的；鮮艷的”；B選項sensitive“敏感的；感覺的；靈敏的；感光的；易受傷害的；易受影響的”；C選項brilliant“燦爛的，閃耀的；杰出的；有才氣的；精彩的，絕妙的”；D選項gloomy“黑暗的；沮喪的；陰郁的”。句意：雖然貓在完全黑暗中看不見東西，但它們的眼睛比人眼對光更敏感。因此B選項正確。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Handinhandwiththerecentspectacularadvancesinradiotechnology,therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthescientificandpublicrespectabilityoftheentiresubjectofextraterrestriallife.AclearsignofthenewattitudeistheVikingmissionstoMarswhicharetoasignificantextentdedicatedtothesearchforlifeonanotherplanet.Butalongwiththeburgeoningdedicationtoaserioussearch,aslightlynegativenotehasemergedwhichisneverthelessveryinteresting.Afewscientistshavelatelyaskedacuriousquestion:ifextraterrestrialintelligenceisabundantwhyhavewenotalreadyseenitsmanifestations?Thinkoftheadvancesbyourowntechnologicalcivilizationinthepasttenthousandyearsandimaginesuchadvancescontinuedovermillionsorbillionsofyearsmore.Ifonlyatinyfractionofadvancedcivilizationsaremillionsorbillionsofyearsmoreadvancedthanours,whyhavetheynotproducedartifactsdevicesorevenindustrialpollutionofsuchmagnitudethatwewouldhavedetectedit?

【答案】隨著無線電技術(shù)的突飛猛進(jìn)，科學(xué)界和公眾對外太空生物這一個課題的認(rèn)識有了極大的提高。這種新態(tài)度明顯的標(biāo)志事件就是向火星發(fā)射“海盜”號火星探測器。這些發(fā)射在很大程度上是致力于去尋找其他星球上的生物。但是隨著對這項研究的不斷投入，出現(xiàn)了一些帶否定意味但是很有趣的聲音。近來少數(shù)科學(xué)家提出了一個奇怪的疑問：如果外太空生物多的話為什么我們沒有看到任何相關(guān)跡象？想想我們在過去一萬年里科技文明的進(jìn)步。再設(shè)想一下，這些進(jìn)步將持續(xù)數(shù)百萬甚至十億年的時間。如果有某個地方的文明比我們的文明先進(jìn)數(shù)百萬年或者數(shù)十億年，他們?yōu)槭裁床荒苌a(chǎn)出一些物件，器械裝置和我們本應(yīng)該檢測到的大量的工業(yè)污染？

7.單選題

The（

）ofthescientificattitudeisthatthehumanmindcansucceedinunderstandingtheuniverse.

問題1選項

A.essence

B.content

C.texture

D.threshold

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。Essence“實質(zhì)”；content“內(nèi)容”；texture“質(zhì)地，構(gòu)造”；threshold“開始，入口,門檻”。句意：科學(xué)態(tài)度的實質(zhì)就是人類可以成功地認(rèn)識了解整個宇宙。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

Aidwassenttotheearthquakevictimsatthe___oftheIraniangovernment.

問題1選項

A.sight

B.interest

C.require

D.request

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.sight視力；景象B.interest興趣；利益

C.require需要；要求（動詞）D.request請求；需要

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處應(yīng)填一個名詞，of短語做后置定語表示government“政府”的……，根據(jù)句意，地震發(fā)生后，應(yīng)該是按照政府的需求送去援助。D選項request請求；需要符合語境。

【干擾項排除】

A選項sight“視力；景象”不符合語境；

B選項interest“興趣；利益”不符合語境；

C選項require“需要”，是一個動詞，而該處應(yīng)填名詞。

【句意】應(yīng)伊朗政府的要求，救援物質(zhì)已運送給地震災(zāi)民。

9.單選題

Inthetwodecadesbetween1910and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouth,wherethepreponderanceoftheBlackpopulationhadbee8nlocated,andmigratedtonorthernstates,withthelargestnumbermoving,itisclaimed,between1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved,thatthemajorityofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapseofthecottonindustryfollowingthebollweevilinfestation,whichbeganin1898,andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrants’subsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.

ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeenrigorouslyinvestigated.AlthoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentanexodusfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigration,noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities.In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforce,reportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits,”thefederalcensuscategoryencompassingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbeenticedtomove,butanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.

Aboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslaveryblacksmiths,masons,carpenterswhichhadhadamonopolyofcertaintrades,buttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetition,mechanization,andobsolescence.Theremainingsixty-fivepercent,morerecentlyurbanized,workedinnewlydevelopedindustriestobacco,lumber,coalandironmanufacture,andrailroads.WagesintheSouth,however,werelow,andBlackworkerswereaware,throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress,thattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Afterthebollweevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialfobs.Thus,amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed,andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundcomesintoquestion.

1.Theauthorindicatesexplicitlythatwhichofthefollowingrecordshasbeenasourceofinformationinherinvestigation?

2.Inthepassage,theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowingasapossibleobjectiontoherargument?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncitiesin1910?

4.TheauthorciteseachofthefollowingaspossibleinfluencesinaBlackworker’sdecisiontomigratenorthintheGreatMigrationEXCEPT（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthe“easyconclusion”mentionedinline16ofthelastparagraphisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

6.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

7.Accordingtoinformationinthepassage,whichofthefollowingisacorrectsequenceofgroupsofworkers,fromhighestpaidtolowestpaid,intheperiodbetween1910and1930?

8.Thematerialinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttoalongdiscussionofwhichofthefollowingtopics?

問題1選項

A.UnitedStatesImmigrationServicereportsfrom1914to1930.

B.Payrollsofsouthernmanufacturingfirmsbetween1910and1930.

C.Thevolumeofcottonexportsbetween1898and1910.

D.Thefederalcensusof1910.

問題2選項

A.ItisuncertainhowmanypeopleactuallymigratedduringtheGreatMigration.

B.TheeventualeconomicstatusoftheGreatMigrationmigrantshasnotbeenadequatelytraced.

C.Itisnotlikelythatpeoplewithsteadjobswouldhavereasontomovetoanotherareaofthecountry.

D.Itisnottruethattheterm“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”actuallyencompassestheentireindustrialsector.

問題3選項

A.Theywerebeingpushedlowerasaresultofincreasedcompetition.

B.Theyhadbeguntorisesothatsouthernindustrycouldattractruralworkers.

C.Theyhadincreasedforskilledworkersbutdecreasedforunskilledworkers.

D.Theyhadincreasedinlargesoutherncitiesbutdecreasedinsmallsoutherncities.

問題4選項

A.wagelevelsinnortherncities

B.laborrecruiters

C.competitionfromruralworkers

D.votingrightsinnorthernstates

問題5選項

A.Peoplewhomigratefromruralareastolargecitiesusuallydosoforeconomicreasons.

B.Mostpeoplewholeaveruralareastotakejobsincitiesreturntoruralareasassoonasitisfinanciallypossibleforthemtodoso.

C.Peoplewithruralbackgroundsarelesslikelytosucceedeconomicallyincitiesthanthosewithurbanbackgrounds.

D.Mostpeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersarenotwillingtoworkasunskilledworkers.

問題6選項

A.Supportanalternativetoanacceptedmethodology

B.Presentevidencethatresolvesacontradiction

C.Introducearecentlydiscoveredsourceofinformation

D.Challengeawidelyacceptedexplanation

問題7選項

A.ArtisansintheNorth;artisansintheSouth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;unskilledworkersinthesouth.

B.ArtisansintheNorthandSouth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;unskilledworkersintheSouth.

C.ArtisansintheNorth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;artisansintheSouth.

D.ArtisansintheNorthandSouth;unskilledurbanworkersintheNorth;unskilledruralworkersintheSouth.

問題8選項

A.ThereasonsforthesubsequenteconomicdifficultiesofthosewhoparticipatedintheGreatMigration.

B.TheeffectofmigrationontheregionaleconomiesoftheUnitedStatesfollowingtheFirstWorldWar.

C.ThetransitionfromaruraltoanurbanexistenceforthosewhomigratedintheGreatMigration.

D.ThetransformationoftheagriculturalSouthfollowingthebollweevilinfestation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文中第二段“In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforce,reportedthemselvestobeengagedin‘manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits,’thefederalcensuscategoryencompassingtheentireindustrialsector.1910年，超過60萬名黑人工人(占黑人勞動力的10%)自稱從事“制造業(yè)和機(jī)械制造業(yè)”，這是聯(lián)邦人口普查涵蓋整個工業(yè)部門的數(shù)據(jù)?！贝_定聯(lián)邦政府在1910年做了一次人口普查。D選項正確。其他三項均未在文中提到。

2.推理判斷題。文章第二段末尾提到南方惡劣的務(wù)工條件致使很多有工作的人遷徙到北方。C選項‘擁有穩(wěn)定工作的人不太可能有理由搬到美國的另一個地區(qū)’與之相矛盾。所以C選項符合題意。在文章第二段開頭作者提到，人們從來沒有真正調(diào)查過究竟是些什么人遷徙出了南方，也沒有人知道在“大移民”之前的移民潮中是否也有人遷徙到北方一些城市。因此，A、B排除。很顯然，制造業(yè)和機(jī)械業(yè)不能包含整個工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。所以D項排除。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文中最后一段“Afterthebollweevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialfobs在棉鈴象鼻蟲泛濫之后，城市黑人工人面臨著來自持續(xù)涌入的黑人和白人農(nóng)村工人的競爭，他們被迫降低了以前為工廠工人支付的工資”。確定A選項‘由于競爭加劇，它們的工資被壓低了‘符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題目的意思是‘作者引用了以下盡可能在北方黑人工人決定遷移的影響在大遷移除外…….‘，D選項‘選舉權(quán)’并未在文章中提到，符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目意思是‘從文章中可以推斷，最后一段第16行提到的“easyconclusion”是基于以下哪一個假設(shè)?’題目中“easyconclusion”指黑人遷徙到北方之后引起的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題和他們的農(nóng)村出身有關(guān)。文章第一段最后提到來自農(nóng)村的工人對城市生活不習(xí)慣和缺乏必要的技能可能會對北方的經(jīng)濟(jì)流動性產(chǎn)生影響。最后一段末尾作者指出“amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed向北搬遷將被視為對一個已經(jīng)城市化、就業(yè)穩(wěn)定的群體有利”。結(jié)合這兩處，可以得出C選項‘與城市背景的人相比，農(nóng)村背景的人在城市獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)成功的可能性更小?！项}意。

6.觀點態(tài)度題。本文第一段對“大移民”進(jìn)行了簡單的描述，并引出了為眾人所接受的結(jié)論，即黑人遷徙到北方之后引起的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題和他們的農(nóng)村出身有關(guān)。接下來作者開始反駁。第二段指出究竟是些什么人以及在大移民之前是否有人已經(jīng)遷徙到北方都無人考究。最后一段指出移居到北方的黑人中，有35%的人是技能型工人，而另外的65%的人從事于新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，他們都已經(jīng)變得更加城市化。最后總結(jié)對于一些已經(jīng)適應(yīng)城市生活和能容易找到工作的人來說，他們遷徙到北方將是有利的，并提出黑人遷徙到北方之后引起的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題和他們的農(nóng)村出身有關(guān)是有待考究的。本文的寫作目的是D選項“對廣為接受的結(jié)論提出挑戰(zhàn)”。

7.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段“theycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.即使是北方的非技術(shù)工人，他們也能比南方的工匠掙得更多”。因此可以得知工資最高的應(yīng)該是ArtisansintheNorth,其次是unskilledworkersintheNorth,然后是artisansintheSouth,最后是unskilledworkersintheNorth.所以C選項符合題意。

8.主旨大意題。本文主要是反駁黑人遷徙到北方之后引起的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題和他們的農(nóng)村出身有關(guān)這樣一個結(jié)論。大篇幅闡述了大移民運動后北方經(jīng)濟(jì)問題產(chǎn)生的原因。因此A選項‘參與大遷移的人后來經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的原因’符合題意。

10.單選題

Asthedogdaysofsummerwane,mostpeoplearepreparingtosendtheirkidsbacktoschool.Inyearspast,thishasmeantbuyingnotebooksandpencils,perhapsevenanewbackpack.Butoverthepastdecadeorso,theback-to-schoolchecklisthasformanyalsoincludedanarrayofscreendevicesthatmanyparentsdutifullystuffintotheirchildren’sbag.

Thescreenrevolutionhasseenpedagogyundergoaseismicshiftastechnologynowdominatestheeducationallandscape.InalmosteveryclassroominAmericatoday,youwillfindsometypeofscreen—smartboards,Chromebooks,tablets,smartphones.Frominner-cityschoolstothoseinruralandremotetowns,wehaveacceptedtechintheclassroomasanecessaryandbeneficialevolutionineducation.

Thisisalie.

Techintheclassroomnotonlyleadstoworseeducationaloutcome,forkids,whichIwillexplainshortly,itcanalsoclinicallyhurtthem.I'veworkedwithoverathousandteensinthepast15years,andhaveobservedthatstudentswhohavebeenraisedonahigh-techdietnotonlyappeartostrugglemorewithattentionandfocus,butalsoseemtosufferfromanadolescentmalaisethatappearstobeadirectbyproductoftheirdigitalimmersion.Indeed,overtwohundredpeer-reviewedstudiespointtoscreentimecorrelatingtoincreasedADHD（多動癥發(fā)病率）,screenaddition,increasedaggression,depression,anxietyandevenpsychosis.

Butifthatistrue,whywouldwehaveallowedthese"educational"Trojanhorsestoslipintoourschools?Followthemoney.

Educationtechnologyisestimatedtobecomea$60billionindustryby2018.Withtheadventofthe"CommonCore"in2010,whichnationalizedcurriculumarandtextbooksstandards,themultibillion-dollartextbookindustrybecameveryattractiveforeducationalgunslingerslookingtocapitalizeonthenewWildWestofeducationtechnology.Atabletwitheducationalsoftwarenolongerneededstate-by-statecurricularcustomization.I