考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東杏林科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東杏林科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

隨著人民生活水平和消費(fèi)水平的提高，中國(guó)的垃圾問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)峻，很多城市被垃圾包圍。面對(duì)日益增長(zhǎng)的垃圾產(chǎn)量和環(huán)境狀況的惡化，中國(guó)政府正在努力推行垃極分類(lèi)(garbageclassification)的政策。垃圾分類(lèi)是指將垃圾分為可回收利用和不可回收利用兩類(lèi)，要求人們將垃圾投放至不同的垃圾桶(trashcan)，通過(guò)不同的清理、運(yùn)輸和回收方式，使之變成新的資源。

【答案】Withtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandardsandtheincreaseofconsumptionlevel,thegarbageprobleminChinabecomesincreasinglyurgent.Manycitiesaresurroundedbygarbage.Confrontedwiththegrowinggarbageoutputanddeterioratingenvironment,theChinesegovernmentisimplementingthepolicyofgarbageclassificationwithgreateffort.Garbageclassificationmeansdividinggarbageintorecyclableandunrecyclable,andrequirespeopletoputgarbageintodifferenttrashcanssothatitcanbecomenewresourcesthroughdifferentwaysofcleaning,transportingandrecycling.

2.單選題

Fashionmodelingsoundslikeaneasy,glamorousjob,______onlypatient,perseveringgirlscanstandthestrainofit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.and

C.so

D.as

【答案】A

【解析】考查語(yǔ)言邏輯。A項(xiàng)but“但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，B項(xiàng)and“和”表并列，C項(xiàng)so“因此”表因果，D項(xiàng)as“作為，因?yàn)椤北矸绞交蛘咴?。前一句?huà)和后一句話(huà)存在意義上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)填轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，A項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：時(shí)裝模特聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是一份簡(jiǎn)單、迷人的工作，但只有有耐心、有毅力的女孩才能承受它的壓力。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Atthesametime,theFund,UnitedNationsFundforPopulationActivities,workstochangetheparadigmofmasculinitythatallowsfortheresolutionofconflictthroughviolence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.model

B.covenant

C.aspiration

D.hurdle

【答案】A

【解析】句意：與此同時(shí)，人口基金，即聯(lián)合國(guó)人口活動(dòng)基金，正在努力改變男子氣概的……，這種……允許通過(guò)暴力解決沖突。A選項(xiàng)model“模式”；B選項(xiàng)covenant“契約”；C選項(xiàng)aspiration“抱負(fù)”；D選項(xiàng)hurdle“障礙”。由句意可知，“模式”更適合本句語(yǔ)境，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture（

）.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transformedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ResultsofFeministMovements

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由文章第一段中Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.可知過(guò)去男女的分工明確，角色相對(duì)固定，因此選D。

第2題:主旨大意題。文章第二段主要講述了反主流文化對(duì)男女分工角色的影響，再根據(jù)第一段最后一句中Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.（但是到了本世紀(jì)中葉，男性和女性的角色越來(lái)越不固定）可知C選項(xiàng)最符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“在20世紀(jì)50年代，經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的成功是典型的美國(guó)人的目標(biāo)”；B選項(xiàng)“但是在20世紀(jì)60年代，一支新的力量被稱(chēng)為反文化。參與這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的人并不重視美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的目標(biāo)；C選項(xiàng)“反主流文化為男性和女性提供了新的角色選擇”；D選項(xiàng)“一些年輕男性拒絕應(yīng)征當(dāng)兵參加越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第三段中ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety（但它的影響卻蔓延到美國(guó)社會(huì)的許多方面）可推測(cè)反主流文化改變了美國(guó)的一些價(jià)值觀(guān)，因此選B。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.（由于對(duì)育兒更感興趣，男人們開(kāi)始和妻子分擔(dān)撫養(yǎng)孩子的任務(wù)。事實(shí)上，一些年輕男女搬進(jìn)了公共住宅或農(nóng)場(chǎng)，在那兒雙方共同承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)和撫養(yǎng)孩子的責(zé)任）可推測(cè)C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)男人都很樂(lè)意和妻子分擔(dān)一些家務(wù)”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了過(guò)去社會(huì)男女分工明確，角色固定；第二三段講述了反主流文化以及它的影響；第四段講述了女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)給美國(guó)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)的變化；最后一段簡(jiǎn)單概括男女地位的變化與轉(zhuǎn)變中的困難。因此B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)生活的新影響”符合題意。

5.單選題

Childrenareoften（）sportsatanearlyage.Astheygetolderandstartschooltheyparticipateinsportsasawaybothtomakenewfriendsandbeactive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exposedto

B.spoiledby

C.indulgedin

D.worriedabout

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。exposedto接觸，暴露于;spoiledby被寵壞;indulgedin沉溺于;worriedabout為...…擔(dān)心。句意：孩子們經(jīng)常在很小的時(shí)候就接觸到運(yùn)動(dòng)。隨著他們長(zhǎng)大開(kāi)始上學(xué)，參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)以此來(lái)結(jié)交新朋友變得活躍。只有A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。

6.單選題

TheBushJuntaisusingthe_______ofHurricaneKatrinatocutthewagesofpeopledesperatelytryingtorebuildtheirlivesandtheircommunities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dismantlement

B.devastation

C.scuttle

D.wreckage

【答案】B

【解析】dismemberment分割，肢解;devastation毀壞；scuttle逃避；wreckage失事。句意：布什政府正利用Katrina颶風(fēng)帶來(lái)的破壞，削減那些拼命試圖重建生活和社區(qū)的人們的工資。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.翻譯題

Ifwewanttofosteracultureofconservation,we’llhavetoworkatchangingahostofthings,fromadstozoos,fromhowweputfoodonourplatestohowweimagineourroleintheuniverse.Outofallthesenecessarychanges,Iwishtospeakaboutonethatisclosetomyheartasastoryteller,whichistheneedtorootlanguageoncemoreintheearth.Weneedtorecoverthefertilemeaningsofwordsthatariseoutofourlongevolutionarycontactwithdirtandwind,riversandwoods,animalsandplants.

Attherootoflanguage,weoftenfindanearthywisdom.Taketheword“growth”forexample,whenDonellaMeadowsandhercolleaguepublishedareportin1972ontheprospectsforthecontinuedexpansionofthehumaneconomy,theycalledtheirbookTheLimitstoGrowth.Theverytitleprovokedoutrageinmanycircles,becauseaprimecreedinthetechno-industrialworldisthattherearenolimitstogrowth.Accordingtothiscreed,anyconstraintsimposedbynaturewillbeovercomebytechnicalingenuityorthefreemarket.Mining,drilling,pumping,clearing,plowing,manufacturing,andconsuming—alongwiththehumanpopulationthatdrivesitall—willexpandforever.Politiciansandbusinessleadersspeakofgrowthasunboundedandunambiguouslygood.

【答案】【參考譯文】如果我們想要培養(yǎng)一種保護(hù)文化，那么我們將不得不進(jìn)行許多改變，從廣告到動(dòng)物園，從食物的加工過(guò)程到對(duì)自己在宇宙中角色的界定。在這些所有必要的改變中，我想要以一個(gè)講故事的人的身份來(lái)談及一個(gè)我最為關(guān)心的改變——讓語(yǔ)言再次回歸本土。在漫長(zhǎng)的進(jìn)化過(guò)程中，我們與塵土、風(fēng)、河流、森林、動(dòng)物和植物的接觸產(chǎn)生了詞匯，我們需要恢復(fù)這些詞匯豐富的含義。

分析語(yǔ)言的本質(zhì)，我們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)樸實(shí)的智慧。以“growth”一詞為例，當(dāng)?shù)聝?nèi)拉?梅多斯和她的同事于1972年發(fā)表了一份關(guān)于人類(lèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展前景的報(bào)告時(shí)，她們將其命名為《增長(zhǎng)的極限》。正是這一標(biāo)題在很多領(lǐng)域引起了憤怒，因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)工業(yè)世界的一個(gè)主要信條是增長(zhǎng)不受限制。根據(jù)這個(gè)信條，自然施加的任何限制將會(huì)因技術(shù)創(chuàng)新或自由市場(chǎng)而被克服。采礦、鉆探、抽水、清除、耕作、制造、消費(fèi)（連同作為這些行為實(shí)施者的人類(lèi)）都將會(huì)不斷發(fā)展。政治家和商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖說(shuō)增長(zhǎng)是不受控制的而且一定是好的。

8.單選題

Webbrowsers!Interactivesoftware!There'salotofnewtechnologytalkgoingoninpublicrelationsthesedays,andit'scomingfromavarietyofsources,clients,fearfulthattheyaremissingoutonsomemysterious“nextwave”,demandsomekindofwhiz-bang（尖端）demonstrationoftechnologyfromagencies.Industrypublicationscontinuouslytoutthelatestandgreatestelectronicinnovations.Collegekidsenterthemarketplaceaimedwithcomputerliteracycompletelyalientomanyveteranpractitioners.Andinsomecases,membersofthemediademandthatinformationbepackagedtoaccommodatetheirparticulartechnologicalpreferences.

Istechnologynowthetailwaggingdog?Theanswer,unequivocally,isno.Technologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen,atoolusedbyprofessionalstohelpthemdotheirjobs.Allofthismillenniumtalkhasproducedanunnecessarylevelofanxietyaboutthenecessityoftechnologicalinnovation一theideathatyouarelight-yearsbehindunlessyouarelight-yearsahead.Relax!Thefoundationsofgoodpublicrelationsremainthesame:anticipatingandmeetingtheneedsofclientsandthemedia,andprovidinginformedandusefulcounsel.Solidresearch,strongwritingskills,creativity,andanappreciationforthevaluesofthemediaarethebackboneoftheprofession,regardlessofhowinformationispackaged.

Evenifthespeedofinformationtransmissionisincreasing,hightechisn'tforeveryone.Allclientsdon'tneedindividualwebpagesandsummariesofchatroomactivity.Whenconsideringapplicationsofnewtechnologies,considertheaudiencesforyourclient.Aretheycomfortablewithtechnology?Dotheyhaveaccesstothedistributionsystemsyouareconsidering?Dotheyhavetheskillsandknowledgetousethesesystems?Dotheynavigatetheweb,useCD-ROMorevenownaVCR?

Considertheimageofthecompanyitself.Thedeliverysystemispartofthemessageandcontributestotheoverallimage,sothepractitionershouldconsiderhowthatsystemaffectstheclient,theproduct,andtheaudiences.

Yes,awebpagecanbeacost-efficientcommunicationtoolwhenyouconsidertheminimalmediacost.Butonceit'supandrunning,you'vegottokeepitfresh,andthatmeansacontinualallocationoftimeandspecializedresources.Inthehyper-speedmodelofcommunications,nothingisolderthaninformationthatisbothoutdatedandon-line.Andtoinformationconsumers,yourwebpagewillceasetobeasourceifitisn'tkeptcurrent.Inthelastpresidentialelection,morethanonecandidatehadproblemswiththeirpersonalwebpagesbecausewebmasterswerenotkeptuptodateonchangesincampaignstrategyandmessages.Thegapbetweenwhatthecandidatewassayingandwhatthewebpagewasshowingbecameastoryinitself.Ifyou'regoingtohaveapresenceontheInternet,youhavetobudgetforregularmaintenance.Otherwise,youareputtingasignupthatsays“toocheaptoberelevant”.

1.Therecententhusiasmfornewtechnologyispartlybroughtonby（）.

2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkoftherecentnewtechnologytalkgoingoninpublicrelations?

3.The“tailwaggingdog”(Para.2)mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theroleofnewtechnologyinpublicrelations（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatawebpage（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.electronicinnovations

B.thedevelopmentofnewinteractivesoftware

C.consumers'fearofbeingleftbehindthetide

D.thepopularizationoftheWeb

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itindicatesasuddenrealizationofanoncomingradicalchangeinpublicrelations.

B.Itremindsusofthefactthattechnologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen.

C.Itissuperficialanddoesnotmeanthatweareusheringinanewage.

D.Itisasuresignthatwearemissingoutonsomemysterious“nextwave”.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theoverwhelminglypredominantthing

B.thedogthattucksitstailbetweenitslegs

C.thethingtobetamedurgently

D.theproblemtobetackledatonce

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.can'tbetooemphasizedintoday'sworld

B.isunnecessarilyexaggerated

C.isnotfullyrecognizedyet

D.ismoreimportanttothecompanythantotheclient

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.canusuallyprovidetheviewerswiththelatestinformation

B.isnotagoodideaunlessitsinformationisupdatedconstantly

C.maytakemoremoneytobesetupandkeptrunningthanimagined

D.canfindextensiveapplicationsinpresidentialelections

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段“Industrypublicationscontinuouslytoutthelatestandgreatestelectronicinnovations.”行業(yè)出版商不斷吹捧最新的和最偉大的電子創(chuàng)新。所以，人們對(duì)新技術(shù)的熱情，有一部分是來(lái)源于電子創(chuàng)新。選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段第二句“Theanswer,unequivocally,isno.Technologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen,atoolusedbyprofessionalstohelpthemdotheirjobs.”技術(shù)一直是專(zhuān)業(yè)人士用來(lái)幫助他們工作的工具。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，技術(shù)一直是專(zhuān)業(yè)人士用來(lái)幫助他們工作的工具。建立良好公共關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)與過(guò)去一樣，依舊是：預(yù)測(cè)和滿(mǎn)足客戶(hù)和媒體的需求,并提供有用的信息和建議。也就是說(shuō)新技術(shù)并不是公共關(guān)系中起關(guān)鍵作用的主流事物。所以“tailwaggingdog”指具有壓倒性?xún)?yōu)勢(shì)的事物，選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第五句“Thefoundationsofgoodpublicrelationsremainthesame:anticipatingandmeetingtheneedsofclientsandthemedia,andprovidinginformedandusefulcounsel.”建立良好公共關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)與過(guò)去一樣，依舊是：預(yù)測(cè)和滿(mǎn)足客戶(hù)和媒體的需求,并提供有用的信息和建議。所以說(shuō)沒(méi)必要夸大新技術(shù)在公共關(guān)系中的作用。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，網(wǎng)頁(yè)一旦啟用，就需要一直的保持新鮮感，也就是說(shuō)，信息需要不斷的更新。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

9.單選題

Inthe1970s,SaudiArabiaandotheroil-richstates

vastsumsofmoneythroughthesaleofoil.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assembled

B.accommodated

C.accumulated

D.appreciated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。assembled“裝配，組合”；accommodated“安排，為……提供住宿”；accumulated“積累”；appreciated“欣賞”。句意：上世紀(jì)70年代，沙特阿拉伯和其他富油國(guó)家通過(guò)出售石油獲得了巨額財(cái)富。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

（）wehadnotmadeanymistakesin

thecalculations!

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Butfor

B.Ifonly

C.Let

D.Without

【答案】B

【解析】句意：要是我們的計(jì)算沒(méi)有出錯(cuò)就好了！

Ifonly此處指要是……就好了,表達(dá)愿望。butfor指要不是。

11.單選題

Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear's,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidizethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?Equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalizationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

1.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengersfares（

）.

2.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor（

）.

3.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators（

）.

4.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willeasetrainoperation'sburden

B.haskeptpacewithinflation

C.isabigsurprisetocommuters

D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.cardrivers

B.railtravelers

C.localinvestors

D.ordinarytaxpayers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters

B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice

D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thelossofinvestment

B.thecollapseofoperations

C.areductionofrevenue

D.achangeofownership

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'tWork

C.CanNationalizationBringHope?

D.Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

12.單選題

Thelatterisnolessimportantthantheformer,andifbibliographicaldecisionsaremadewrongly,noamountoflogisticinformationcan（

）thesituation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.envisage

B.disperse

C.diffuse

D.redeem

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)envisage“正視，面對(duì)”；B選項(xiàng)disperse“分散，分開(kāi)，使傳播”；C選項(xiàng)diffuse“擴(kuò)散”；D選項(xiàng)redeem“贖回，挽救”。根據(jù)句意‘后者比前者更重要，并且如果最終書(shū)目決定錯(cuò)了，即使再多的邏輯信息也無(wú)法挽救這個(gè)局面。’D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thefactisthatmotherhoodmakestheheaviestdemandsin（）heareasofleastexperience.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatitmightbecalled

B.whatmightbecalled

C.whichmightbecalled

D.itmightbecalled

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)?？崭裉幩钤~在介詞in的賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的成分，因此只有B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Ifweacquiesce,we’llbeborrowing（）forthefuture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pit

B.trouble

C.pitfall

D.storm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pit“礦井，深坑，陷阱”；B選項(xiàng)trouble“麻煩，煩惱，故障，動(dòng)亂”；C選項(xiàng)pitfall“陷阱，圈套，缺陷，誘惑”；D選項(xiàng)storm“暴風(fēng)雨，大動(dòng)蕩”。句意：如果我們默許，那么我們將在未來(lái)陷入到借貸麻煩中。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Duringhertwo-weekstayinBeijing,Elizabethnever（）achrome(chance)topracticeherChinese.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.passedby

B.passedon

C.passedout

D.passedup

【答案】D

【解析】passby經(jīng)過(guò)，走過(guò)；passon去世，傳遞；passout昏倒，失去知覺(jué)；passup拒絕，錯(cuò)過(guò)。passupachancetodosth.錯(cuò)過(guò)或放棄做某事的機(jī)會(huì)。句意：在北京逗留的兩周中，Elizabeth從未錯(cuò)過(guò)任何一個(gè)練習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的機(jī)會(huì)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

16.單選題

Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoil—thebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.

Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.

Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthat,inturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.

ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”inPara.2?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toemphasizetherailroad’sconsumptionofoilandcoal.

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Railwayworkers

B.Farmers

C.Europeans

D.Citydwellers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。定位在第二段中Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.（在美國(guó)工業(yè)化的過(guò)程中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的發(fā)展是鐵路的發(fā)展。）以及全文都在介紹影響美國(guó)工業(yè)化的因素（如鐵、煤和石油等原材料、勞動(dòng)力等）綜合而知，C選項(xiàng)“影響美國(guó)工業(yè)化的因素”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)的鐵路發(fā)展史”，B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)主要的工業(yè)中心”及D選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)業(yè)在19世紀(jì)的角色”在文中均未提及，可排除。故選C。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位在第二段中TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.（鐵路網(wǎng)迅速擴(kuò)張，直到美國(guó)的鐵路地圖看起來(lái)像一張蜘蛛網(wǎng)，這些鋼鐵絲狀物將原材料產(chǎn)地，原材料的生產(chǎn)和配送中心連在一起。）由此可知，美國(guó)的鐵路路線(xiàn)多，且像蜘蛛網(wǎng)一樣結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。因此B選項(xiàng)“去描述鐵路系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“去強(qiáng)調(diào)鐵路對(duì)石油和煤炭的消耗”，C選項(xiàng)“去解釋鐵路擴(kuò)張帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題”，D選項(xiàng)“去描述原材料配送中涉及的困難”均不符合題意，可排除。故選B。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀(guān)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到文章的第三段Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.（工廠(chǎng)的這些產(chǎn)品很快被居住了工人和批發(fā)商的城市所消耗。）工廠(chǎng)產(chǎn)品的最大消費(fèi)者是居住在那里的人。因此D選項(xiàng)“城市居住者”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“鐵路工人”，B選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”，C選項(xiàng)“歐洲人”，均不符合題意，可排除。故選D。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀(guān)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段中AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.（美國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)趕得上美國(guó)城市的需求，且仍然有剩余以銷(xiāo)售到歐洲的工業(yè)中心。）可知D選項(xiàng)“他們不能為城市生產(chǎn)足夠的食物”錯(cuò)誤，與原文不符。也能夠知道C選項(xiàng)“他們將食物銷(xiāo)售到歐洲國(guó)家”正確，與原文相符。由第三段中的倒數(shù)第二句Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthat,inturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.（城市人口的增加得益于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的增加，反過(guò)來(lái)，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)因新的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的使用而變得更多產(chǎn)）可知B選項(xiàng)“他們通過(guò)使用新機(jī)械而提高了生產(chǎn)力”正確，與原文相符。由最后一段中ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.（工廠(chǎng)運(yùn)行和鐵路建設(shè)的勞動(dòng)力部分來(lái)自美國(guó)的農(nóng)村地區(qū)，那里的人正被農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械所取代，一部分來(lái)自于亞洲，一部分來(lái)自歐洲。）可知A選項(xiàng)“他們由于機(jī)械化而失去了一些工作”，正確，與原文相符。故選D。

17.單選題

Tomcomplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpages（

）fromthedictionary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.losing

B.lost

C.missing

D.missed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:湯姆向書(shū)商抱怨這本字典缺了幾頁(yè)。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾楹笾枚ㄕZ(yǔ)。分析題干跟選項(xiàng)可知空格處為動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)修飾severalpages,表示“丟失了的”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,losing失敗的,使受損失的;lost失去的,喪失的,迷路的。這兩項(xiàng)一般不放在被修飾詞后作定語(yǔ)。Missing丟失的,下落不明的。Missed感到思念的。因此C符合句意。

18.翻譯題

(1)StanBelin(斯坦?貝林)wasborninthe1930stoanurbanfamilylockedinthegripoftheGreatDepression.Hiswasafracturedfamily,oneinwhichhisparentsfoughtconstantly.Ilivedwithafeelingofimpendingdoom,hesays.Thisfeardrovehimtobeamodelchild.

Stanhasavividmemoryofonceleaningagainstabridgerailingasaboyandgazingatahandsomepartyboatpassingbelow.Hecouldseepeopleondeckenjoyingtheirouting.(2)Itwasasceneofcomfortandluxuryhecouldhardlyhaveimagined.Thatmentalpictureinfluencedtheboy’sideaofsuccess.Hisgoalsbecamemoney,power,andprestige.

Standidwellinschool.Hefoundhisgreatestacademicsuccessinhissciencecourses.Buthelackedtheconfidencetopursueamedicalcareerandturnedtodentistryasaquickerroutetohislife’sgoals.

(3)Hemarriedayoungwomanhehadknownsincehighschool,andforover20yearsStanandJanelivedalifethatmanypeoplewouldenvy.Hisreputationspread,themoneystartedrollinginandhewasappointedtoaprestigiouspositionbyhisstategovernment.Twohealthychildrenwereborn.

(4)Thefamilyhadamagnificenthouse,expensiveautomobilesandtookexoticvacations.

ThecrowningtouchforStancamewhenheboughtaluxuryyachtandsailedtothebridgewhere,asachild,hehadfirstglimpsedwhathehopedwouldbehisfuture.“ItoldJanethestory,”hesays.(5)“AsIspoke,Irealizedthatsomethingwasallwrong.IpossessedeverythingIhadeverdreamedof,butIfeltverysadandhopeless.Whatwasworse,Iknewitwouldneverchange.”

Thenintheearly1980s,adoctorfriendinvitedStantodinner.Thefriendsaidhehadbeenusingcocaineasanantidepressant.Hedescribeditasamarvelousnoaddictivedrug.Standecidedthedrugmightbejustrightforhisowndepression.

【答案】1.斯坦?貝林出生于20世紀(jì)30年代一個(gè)陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條困境之中的城市家庭。

2.這種舒適與奢侈的情景是他無(wú)法想象的。這一情景銘刻在他的腦海里，影響著他對(duì)成功的看法。

3.他娶了一位中學(xué)時(shí)代就認(rèn)識(shí)的女子為妻，20多年來(lái)，他和妻子簡(jiǎn)過(guò)著令人稱(chēng)羨的生活。

4.他們有華麗的住宅和昂貴的汽車(chē)，還常常出國(guó)度假。

5.說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)，我忽然意識(shí)到情況很不對(duì)勁。我已擁有曾經(jīng)夢(mèng)寐以求的一切，但卻感到悲傷無(wú)望。更糟糕的是，我知道這種狀況將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)改變。

19.單選題

Earlyresearchonattitudesassumedthattheywerecasuallyrelatedtobehavior;thatis,the