考研考博-英語-山東第一醫(yī)科大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解3VIP

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東第一醫(yī)科大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Over350millionpeoplespeakEnglishastheir（

）language.

問題1選項

A.native

B.mother

C.female

D.national

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。nativelanguage意為“本地語言”；motherlanguage意為“母語”，符合句意。C選項female“女性的”；D選項national“國家的”均不符合句意。

2.單選題

Americansarepeopleobsessedwithchild-rearing.Intheirbooks,magazines,talkshows,parenttrainingcourses,WhiteHouseconferences,andchatsoverthebackfence,theyendlesslydebatethebestwaystoraisechildren.Moreover,Americansdomorethandebatetheirtheories;theytranslatethemintoaction.Theyerectplaygroundsfortheyoungster’spleasure,equiplargeschoolsfortheireducation,andtrainskilledspecialistsfortheirwelfare.WholeindustriesinAmericaaredevotedtomakingchildrenhappy,healthyandwise.

Butthisinterestinchildhoodisrelativelynew.Infact,untilveryrecentlypeopleconsideredchildhoodjustabrief,unimportantpreludetoadulthoodandtherealbusinessofliving.Byandlarge,theyeitherignoredchildren,beatthem,orfondledthemcarelessly,muchaswewouldamuseourselveswithalotofpuppies.Whentheygaveseriousthoughttochildrenatall,peopleeitherconceivedofthemasminiatureadultsoraspeculiar,unformedanimals.

Downthroughtheagestheexperiencesofchildhoodhavebeenasvariedasitsduration.Actionsthatwouldhaveprovokedabeatinginoneeraelicitextralovingcareinanother.Babieswhohavebeennurturedexclusivelybytheirmothersinoneepochareleftwithday-careworkersinanother.Insomeplaceschildrenhavebeentrainedtostraddleunsteadycanoes,negotiatetreacherousmountainpasses,andcarryheavybundlesontheirheads.Inotherplacestheyhavebeentaughtcomplicatedpianoconcertiandlongmultiplicationtables.

Butdiverseasithasbeen,childhoodhasonecommonexperienceatitscoreandthatisthesocialaspectofnurture.Allchildrenneedadultstobringthemup.Becausehumanyoungtakesolongtobecomeindependent,wethinkthatcivilizationmayhavegrownuparoundtheneedtofeedandprotectthem.Certainly,fromtheearliestdaysofman,adultshavemadeprovisionforthechildrenintheirmidst.

1.ThepresentdayAmericanobsessionwithchild-rearinghas（）.

2.Childreninthepastwereill-treatedorpettedbecausetheywere（）.

3.Howhavechildhoodexperiencesvaried?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,children（）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetodevelopmentsintheperceptionofchildhood?

問題1選項

A.resultedinineffectualaction

B.initiatedpointlessdiscussions

C.hadwide-rangingresults

D.producedendlesstheories

問題2選項

A.ignorantofadultlife

B.seenasuninteresting

C.consideredofnoimportance

D.conceivedofashavinganimalnatures

問題3選項

A.Childrenhavebeenalternatelybeatenandlovedthroughtheages.

B.Therehavebeendifferencesinchildrearingindifferentepochs.

C.Parentshaveincreasinglytakencontroloftheirchildren’snurturing.

D.Insomeplacesphysicaltraininghasgivenwaytoencouragingcreativity.

問題4選項

A.needintensiveadultnurturing

B.aretheinstigatorsofcivilization

C.remainphysicallydependentuntiladulthood

D.havecommonsocialexperiences

問題5選項

A.Cynical

B.Indifferent

C.Positive

D.Neutral

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.考查細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段介紹了美國人對于幼兒教育的態(tài)度，根據(jù)原文“Moreover,Americansdomorethandebatetheirtheories;theytranslatethemintoaction.”可知，美國人不僅僅辯論他們的理論，而且也采取行動。因此，C項hadwide-rangingresults“有廣泛的結(jié)果”符合題意，故本題選C。

2.考查細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的Infact,untilveryrecentlypeopleconsideredchildhoodjustabrief,unimportantpreludetoadulthoodandtherealbusinessofliving.可知，事實上，不久前人們只把兒童時期看作是一個簡短且不重要的人生階段。直到現(xiàn)在，幼兒教育才開始引起重視。因此，C項為正確答案。

3.考查細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第三段Downthroughtheagestheexperiencesofchildhoodhavebeenasvariedasitsduration.Actionsthatwouldhaveprovokedabeatinginoneeraelicitextralovingcareinanother可知，不同時期的大人們在撫養(yǎng)兒童上的態(tài)度和方法上也會不同。因此，B項為正確答案。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中Becausehumanyoungtakesolongtobecomeindependent,wethinkthatcivilizationmayhavegrownuparoundtheneedtofeedandprotectthem可知，文化的進步源于對孩子的培養(yǎng)和保護，所以，孩子在一定程度上推動了文化的進步。因此，B項為正確答案。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。文章主要講述了美國人對孩子的教育由從以前的不重視轉(zhuǎn)為現(xiàn)在的非常重視，并且采取了一系列的相關(guān)措施。因此，作者對這一轉(zhuǎn)變持有積極的態(tài)度。A項為諷刺的，B項為漠視的，C項為積極的，D項為中立的。因此，C項為正確答案。

3.單選題

Koizumi'sannualvisitstothenotoriousshrinehavesparkeda_______ofcondemnationandprotestsfromChinaandtheROKbecausetheshrinehonours14Class-Awarcriminals.

問題1選項

A.splash

B.flurry

C.particle

D.stain

【答案】B

【解析】splash污點;flurry騷動,慌張,aflurryof—陣……；particle顆粒;stain污點,瑕疵。句意：小泉每年都要參拜臭名昭著的神社，引發(fā)了中韓人民的譴責和抗議，因為神社供奉著14名甲級戰(zhàn)犯。選項B符合句意。

4.單選題

Takingapowerwalkorwatchingacomedyontelevisionaretwowaystofreeoneselffromthesullengripsofamelancholymood.

問題1選項

A.dilettantish

B.depressive

C.egalitarian

D.insurgent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。題干melancholy“憂郁的；傷悲的”。A項“業(yè)余愛好的；一知半解的”，B項“抑郁的”，C項“主張人人平等的；平等主義的”，D項“起義的，叛亂的”。因此選B。句意：散步或看電視上的喜劇是使自己擺脫憂郁情緒的兩種方式。

5.單選題

Governmentloanshavebeenthe______ofseveralshakybusinesscompanies.

問題1選項

A.tornado

B.salvation

C.delinquency

D.momentum

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.tornado龍卷風，旋風，暴風B.salvation拯救，救助

C.delinquency行為不良；違法犯罪D.momentum勢頭；動力

【答案】B

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Governmentloans（政府貸款）和shakybusinesscompanies（瀕臨倒閉的公司）可知，是政府貸款拯救了這些快倒閉的公司，B項詞義符合句子意思。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】政府貸款拯救了幾家瀕臨倒閉的公司。

6.單選題

ThechancesofinfectionofBSEor"mad-cowdisease"maybeslight,butthatdoesnotstoppeople_______beefenmasse.

問題1選項

A.shunning

B.ignoring

C.disregarding

D.affronting

【答案】A

【解析】shun避開,避免;ignore不理睬,忽視;disregard漠視;affront公開侮辱，冒犯。句意：感染瘋牛病的概率是很小的，但這并不能阻止人們大量食用牛肉。選項A符合句意。

7.單選題

TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.“Sometimeinthefuture”,thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2010.

Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there’splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper―printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.

Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateisprinteditionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.

PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.“Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseforthem.”hesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit,you’regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou.”

Sometimesthat’sworthmakingachangeanyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflixdiscontinuingitsDVDmailingservicetofocusonstreaming.“Itwasseenasblunder,”hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwereinchargeattheTimes?“Iwouldn’tpickayeartoendprint,”hesaid,“Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct.”

Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey’dliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein,“Soifyou’reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping.”Perettisaid.“Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.”Inotherwords,ifyou’regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit,whichmaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital—onlysubscription.

“It’sareallyhardthingtodoandit’satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn’thavealegacybusiness.”Perettiremarked.“Butwe’regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe’redoingthatdon’tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.Inthosesituation,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethatlessaggressive.”

1.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprinteditionpartlydueto（

）.

2.Perttisuggeststhatinfaceofthepresentsituation,TheTimesshould（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs5and6thata“l(fā)egacyproduct”（

）.

4.Perettibelievesthatinachangingworld（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

問題1選項

A.theincreasingonlineandsales

B.thepressurefromitsinvestors

C.thecomplaintsfromitsreaders

D.thehighcostofoperation

問題2選項

A.makestrategicadjustments

B.endtheprinteditionforgood.

C.seeknewsourcesofleadership.

D.aimforefficientmanagement

問題3選項

A.helpsrestorethegloryofformertimes

B.ismeantforthemostloyalcustomers

C.willhavethecostofprintingreduced

D.expandsthepopularityofthepaper.

問題4選項

A.traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffected

B.cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solving

C.aggressivenessbettermeetschallenges

D.legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated

問題5選項

A.ShifttoOnlineNewspapersAllatOnce.

B.CherishthenewspapersStillinYourHand

C.KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion

D.MakeYourPrintNewspapersaLuxuryGood

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第二段Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper―printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints提到現(xiàn)在發(fā)行一份紙質(zhì)報紙所需要的印刷機、配送卡是奢侈。在當下，只發(fā)行電子版報紙的同類報紙不受這種經(jīng)濟因素的制約。選項D“昂貴的運營費用”符合題意。

2.文章第四段第一句PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway提到Peretti認為泰晤士報不應該花時間去思考停止印刷紙質(zhì)版，而是應該尋找正確的方法去解決問題。選項A“進行戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整”符合題意。

3.文章第六段第一句themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor提到最忠誠的顧客們依舊會選擇他們一直喜歡的產(chǎn)品；makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit專門為最忠誠客戶為生，由此推斷選項B“專門為最忠誠客戶為生”符合題意。

4.文章最后一段最后一句inthosesituation,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethatlessaggressive提到碰到那種情況，迎難而上要比無所作為好。選項C符合題意。

5.文章主要講述了報紙行業(yè)為防止被淘汰而采取對策。文章第五、六段提到不應該立即取消或者淘汰報紙行業(yè)，而應該把它變成一種更像文化遺產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品，不斷提高報紙的價格，變成一種奢侈品（Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct）。選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

Americanstodaydon'tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesarcathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual”,sayseducationwriterDianeRavitcli.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandProfessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren;“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread,sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecriticalcreativeandcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseeksgrasp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewhojoyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

1.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

2.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof（

）.

3.TheviewsofRavitcliandEmersononschoolingare

（

）.

4.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably（

）.

問題1選項

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

問題2選項

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

問題3選項

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

問題4選項

A.apioneerofeducationreform

B.anopponentofintellectualism

C.ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.anadvocateofregularschooling

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“美國家長期望他們的孩子在學校學到什么”。文章第一段第二句提到“甚至我們送孩子去學習知識的學校也不是為了求知”（Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge），可知美國家長送孩子去學校的目的是培養(yǎng)實踐能力，選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“從文章中我們可以知美國有過一段怎樣的歷史”。文章第二段第一句話提到“教育作家提出，學校一直處于一個重視實際而輕視才智的社會中”（“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual”,sayseducationwriterDianeRavitcli），選項A“輕視才智”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“Ravitch和Emerson關(guān)于學校的觀點……”。文章第五段第一句話提到愛默生和其他一些超經(jīng)驗主義者認為學校和嚴格的書本學習禁錮了學生（RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren），由此可見愛默生是不認可所謂的才智主義；文章第二段提到了Ravitcli關(guān)于教育的觀點，他認為學校應該平衡“實踐能力與才智教育”，不能一味重視實踐能力，由此可以看書Ravitcli是重視才智的。由此可以看出，這兩位的觀點是相反的，選項D符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可以得知，愛默生可能……”。文章第五段第一句話提到愛默生和其他一些超經(jīng)驗主義者認為學校和嚴格的書本學習禁錮了學生（RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren），由此可知愛默生是反對才智主義的，選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis________producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問題1選項

A.absorption

B.transition

C.consumption

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】形近異義詞辨析。absorption“吸收”；transition“傳送，過渡，傳遞”；consumption“消費，消耗”；interaction“相互作用”。句意：從固體變成液體，水要吸收周圍所有物體的熱量，這種吸收會導致周圍環(huán)境變冷。選項A符合題意。

10.填空題

Directions:BlowispassagefromaguidegivingadvicetoforeignnationalslivinginBritain.ReadthepassagethenfillineachgapwithONEwordfromtheboxbelowthepassage.WriteyouranswersinthespacesonANSWEERSHEET.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.

LosingyourpassportIfsomethinghashappenedtoyourpassport,informyourembassyatonceandaskthemtotellyouallthedocumentsthatyouwillneedtoproducetobe(Example)withanewone.Thisismostimportantbecausesomeembassiesrequireextensivedocumentaryproofofnationality,aswellasproofofidentity,suchasdrivinglicense,orcreditcards.Sotakecarethatyouarenotwastingtimeandmoneywhenyoucanleast66either.Ifyourpassporthasbeenlostorstolen,yourembassywillwantyoutoreporttheincidenttothepoliceassoonaspossible.Whenyoudoso,askforthepolicereferencenumberofyourcaseasmanyoftheembassiesfindthisusefulinfollowingupyour67__.

Similarly,takeyourpassportnumberwithyoutotheembassy,asthiswillaccelerateyourcase.Thesizeandnumberofthephotographsthatyouwillneedwill68onyourembassy,andsomemayevenrecommendaphotographer,Youshouldalsoconfirmwithembassyofficialshowmuchyouwillhavetopayandalsoinwhat69itistobepaid.

Someoftheembassiesarepreparedtoissueon-the-spotemergencypassports,requiringnomorethanyouroathtoclaimyour70__,butasaprecautionyoushouldinvestigatetherequirementsbeforeyouareactuallyforcedtomakeanemergencyrequest.

【答案】66.afford

67.claim

68.depend

69.currency

70.identity

【解析】66.從前面的情態(tài)動詞can可知，此處應該填入一個動詞；根據(jù)…takecarethatyouarenotwastingtimeandmoney（注意不要浪費時間和金錢）得出，這里應該填入一個可以和time和money搭配的動詞，因此afford最合適，表示“給予，提供，買得起”。

67.此處應該填入一個名詞；根據(jù)…askforthepolicereferencenumberofyourcaseasmanyoftheembassiesfindthisusefulinfollowingupyour…（向警方詢問你的案件編號，因為許多大使館發(fā)現(xiàn)這對跟進你的……很有幫助）得出，這里應該填入表示“需求”的單詞，因此claim最合適，表示“要求”。

68.此處應該填入一個動詞；根據(jù)Thesizeandnumberofthephotographsthatyouwillneedwill…onyourembassy,andsomemayevenrecommendaphotographer（你需要的照片的大小和數(shù)量將……你的大使館，有些大使館甚至會推薦一個攝影師）得出，這里應該填入表示“取決于”的動詞，因此depend最合適，構(gòu)成短語dependon（取決于）。

69.此處應該填入一個名詞；根據(jù)Youshouldalsoconfirmwithembassyofficialshowmuchyouwillhavetopayandalsoinwhat…itistobepaid（你還應該向大使館官員確認你需要支付多少錢，以及以……支付）得出，這里應該是表示貨幣形式，因此currency正確。

70.此處應該填入一個名詞；整篇文章都在講述辦理護照的一個關(guān)鍵是對自己身份的證明，那么根據(jù)Someoftheembassiesarepreparedtoissueon-the-spotemergencypassports,requiringnomorethanyouroathtoclaimyour…（有些大使館準備在緊急情況下簽發(fā)現(xiàn)場護照，只需要你對……進行宣誓就可以領(lǐng)?。┑贸?，這里應該是填入“身份”，因此identity正確。

11.單選題

Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity.Theycalledit"protectingcivilizationfromthefacesofterror".Thecompany'ssharepriceskyrocketed,asdidthestocksofotherface-recognitioncompanies,andairportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials.

Astheresultsstarttocomein,however,theglossiswearingoff.Nomatterwhatyoumighthaveheardaboutface-recognitionsoftware,BigBrotherisnotsogoodasexpected.

Theconcernwasbasedlargelyonanindependentassessmentofface-recognitionsystemscarriedoutin2000intheU.S.bytheDepartmentofDefense.Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms.Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself.Resultsfromtherecentairporttrialswouldseemtojustifythatconcern.

Mostface-recognitionsystemsusesomekindofgeometrictechniquetotranslateapictureofafaceintoasetofnumbersthatcaptureitscharacteristics.Onceithasidentifiedtheseboundaries,thesoftwarecalculatestheirrelativesizesandpositionsandconvertsthisgeometryintowhatVisionicscallsa"faceprint".Feedthesoftwareaseriesofmugshotsandit’llcalculatetheirfaceprints.ThenitcanmonitorliveCCTVimagesforthefacesofknownsuspects.Whenitfindsamatch,itraisesanalarm.

Evenifthesystemdoesmanagetocaptureaface,theproblemsaren'tover.Thetroubleisthatasuspect'sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail.Togivethemselvesthebestchanceofpickingupsuspects,operatorscansetthesoftwaresothatitdoesn'thavetomakeanexactmatchbeforeitraisesthealarm.Butthere'sapricetopay:themorepotentialsuspectsyoupickup,themorefalsealarmsyouget.Youhavetogetthebalancejustright.

Despitethedisappointingtests,somepeopleinsistthatface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtoputterroristsoff.Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat（）.

2.Thesecondparagraphimpliesthat（）.

3.WhatisthefataldefeatofthesystemaccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofDefense?

4.Whatmakesitsohardfortheface-recognitionsystemstoworkeffectively?

5.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

問題1選項

A.Visionicsproducedthebestface-recognitionsoftwareenhancingairportsecurity

B.Visionics'sstockroseinprice

C.theairportsweresatisfiedwiththesoftware

D.Visionics'ssoftwarewasagreatsuccess

問題2選項

A.thesurfaceofthesoftwareisnotenough

B.thereisaseriesofface-recognitionsoftwareproducts

C.thesoftwareturnsouttobeinefficient

D.thesoftwareisnotdurable

問題3選項

A.Toomanyfalsealarmswereraised.

B.Everyoneshouldlookstraightatthecamera.

C.Only90%ofsuspectsatanairportwerefound.

D.Everyoneshouldnotdisguisehimself.

問題4選項

A.Thecomputersarenotsoadvanced.

B.Thefaceprintsfedinthecomputersareneveridenticalwiththoseofrealpersons.

C.Itisveryhardfortheoperatorstolearntocontrolthesystem.

D.Peopleseldomlookstraightatthecamera.

問題5選項

A.anyway,theface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtofrightentheterrorists

B.theindustryshouldrecognizethesituationandimprovethetechnology.

C.alltheclaimsarepremature

D.wemustnotexpecttoomuch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。A:Visionics公司生產(chǎn)了最好的人臉識別軟件來增強機場的安全性。B:Visionics的股票價格上漲。C:機場對軟件很滿意。D:Visionics的軟件非常成功。第一句指出:Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity(9月11日之后，領(lǐng)先的制造商Visionics發(fā)布了一份情況說明書，解釋其技術(shù)如何增強機場安全)。但并不能證明A項跟D項正確。第三句說到:Thecompany’ssharepriceskyrocketed(公司股價飛漲)。因此B項正確。最后一句指出:airportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials(全球各地的機場開始安裝該軟件并進行測試)。但這并不能說明C項正確。因此答案為B。

第2題:判斷推理題。第二段意思為:然而，伴隨軟件試用結(jié)果出現(xiàn)，該軟件的光彩逐漸消逝，無論你或許對面部識別軟件聽說過什么，Visionics這家大公司的面部識別軟件都不如宣傳的那樣好。因此C項“該軟件結(jié)果是無效率的”正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。題干問的是:根據(jù)美國國防部的說法，這個系統(tǒng)的致命缺點是什么?A:太多假警報被拉響。B:每個人都要直視鏡頭。C:只有90%的嫌疑犯在機場被發(fā)現(xiàn)。D:每個人都應該偽裝自己?？啥ㄎ恢恋谌巍５诙渲赋?Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms(這些測試發(fā)現(xiàn)，要在機場抓獲90%的嫌疑人，人臉識別軟件必須發(fā)出大量虛假警報)。因此A項正確，C項不正確。第三句指出:Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself(每三個人中就有一個被拖拉出候機的隊伍，而這種比例是基于每個人都直視鏡頭且不做任何努力掩飾自己的情況)。由此可知B項跟D項只是文中提及的實驗的條件，而非致命缺點。

第4題:判斷推理題。第五段指出:Thetroubleisthatasuspect’sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail(問題在于從現(xiàn)場監(jiān)控提取的嫌疑犯的臉紋不可能與數(shù)據(jù)庫里的每一個細節(jié)相匹配)。因此，使得人臉識別系統(tǒng)難以有效工作的原因是B項“電腦里的面紋從不與真人的面紋完全相同”。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。最后一段最后一句指出:Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality(在所有的控訴和反控訴之后，盡管沒有一個人能識別真相，但是該行業(yè)或許很快不得不面對現(xiàn)實)。由此可知B項“該行業(yè)應該認清現(xiàn)實，改善技術(shù)”正確。

12.單選題

Economicsinvolvesthestudyoftopicslikewealthandpoverty,moneyandbanks,incomes,taxes,prosperityanddepression,bigbusinessandlaborunions,andhundredsofothermattersthatintimatelyaffectthewaywelive.Economicforcessurroundourdailylives,influencinghoweasyorhowharditistogetajob,howmuchwecanearninourchosenoccupations,andhowmuchourpaycheckswillbuyafterwereceivethem.

Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisionsabouthowmuchtospendandforwhatpurposes,andhowmuchtoraiseintaxesandwhoshouldbetaxedaswellasintheirevaluationsoftheconsequencesofwar,peace,anddisarmament.Urbanslums,jobdiscrimination,unequaleducationalopportunities,andcivilrightshaveimportantconsequencesforallofusforboththosewhoarediscriminatedagainstandthosewhoarenot.Atastillmoregloballeveleconomicfactorsareinvolvedinbirth,health,death,populationgrowth,andthedynamicsofhistory.

Infact,probablywithoutexception,eachtopicineconomicsnotonlytouchessomewhereonyourownpersonallifebutisalsoimportanttosomecurrenteconomicproblemsofgovernmentonsocialpolicyandis,atthesametime,involvedinthelong-rangeconcernsofhumanhistory.

Thecommonthreadthatrunsthroughallofthesetopics,bindingthemtogetherintoacoherentbodyofstudy,isthatonewayoranothereachdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.Practicallynothingthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.Aloafofbreadistheendresultoflongseriesofoperationsthatbeginswithplantingandharvestinggrainandproceedsthroughmilling,baking,andshippingtothepointatwhichthehousewifecanpicktheloafoffthegrocer’sshelf.Thedriverfillinghistankataservicesstationistakingthefinalstepinalongchainofactivities:drillingoilwells,movingpetroleuminshipsandpipelines,chemicaltreatment,refiningandstorage.Thesameisgenerallytrueofallgoods.

Theprocessofbridgingthegapbetweentheoriginalresourcesofnatureandneedsofthefinalconsumerisproduction.Productionincludesanyactivitythatmakesgoodsandservicesavailabletopeople.Itisnotrestrictedtoworkontangiblephysicalcommodities,butencompassesservicesaswell.Doctors,lawyers,teachers,andbarbersareproductive,asareactors,musicians,entertainers,andotherswhoperformservicesforourbenefits.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage?

2.Wemayinferfromthecontextthattheword“encompass”(Line4,Paragraph5)means（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,economicsisthestudyof（）

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Economicfactorsinfluenceourdailylife.

B.Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisionsaboutsomepolicies.

C.Whatwestudyineconomicsishowgovernmentsinfluencetheuseofland,labor,capital,etc.

D.Theservicesofwholesalers,retailersandbankersareanimportantpartoftheproductiveprocess.

問題2選項

A.surround

B.enclose

C.encircle

D.include

問題3選項

A.productionandconsumption

B.government’spolicy

C.activitiesthatmakegoodsavailabletopeople

D.consequencesofwarandpeace.

問題4選項

A.Theservicesofdoctors,lawyersandteachersareunproductive.

B.Economic