英語導(dǎo)讀1000句文本

英語導(dǎo)讀1000句文本英語導(dǎo)讀1000句文本英語導(dǎo)讀1000句文本英語導(dǎo)讀1000句文本編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:英語導(dǎo)讀1000句ContentsSection1 MakingFriendsSection2 AroundTownSection3 Sir,Madam,Mr.,Mrs.,MissandMs.Section4 GoingPlacesSection5 IntheHomeSection6 Cities,TownsandVillagesSection7 IntheGardenSection8 PlayingGamesSection9 TypesofWorkSection10 DifferentKindsofEatingSection11 TimeSection12 DifferentValuesSection13 LibrariesSection14 Cinema,TheaterSection15 FlyingSection16 SupermarketsSection17 ChildrenSection18 MusicSection19 FamousWritersSection20 FamousMusiciansSection21 TelevisionSection22 RadioSection23 NewspapersSection24 SchoolSection25 UniversitySection26 ElectricitySection27 EnvironmentSection28 AcidRainSection29 GlobalWarmingSection30 ClimateChangeSection31 MarriageSection32 DeathSection33 BirthSection34 ClothesSection35 TheBodySection36 IllnessSection37 CookingSection38 InventionsSection39 LanguagesSection40 GeographySection41 ShoppingSection42 VisitingtheDoctorSection43 HospitalsSection44 AtSeaSection45 Swimmingetc.Section46 HolidaysSection47 BooksSection48 MagazinesSection49 WaterSection50 PositionsSection51 ToiletSection52 WashingSection53 ToysSection54 Gamesetc.Section55 DanceSection56 ComputersSection57 DirectionsSection58 InternetSection59 TransportSection60 WhichKnifeSection61 WeatherSection62 ArtSection63 IntheCountrysideSection64 UndertheSeaSection65 MountainsSection66 TravelGuidesSection67 Atlas,Map,GlobeSection68 PoliticsSection69 GoodbyesSection1MakingFriendsHi,mynameisBill.Hi,I’mMary.Nicetomeetyou,Mary.Likewise.Whereareyoufrom?I’mfromtheUSA,andyou?

Oh,I’mfromFinland.FinlandWhereisthat

It’sinnorthernEurope.Oh,Ididn’tknow.AndwhereintheAmericaareyoufrom?I’mfromTexas.That’sinthesouth.Yes,I’veheardofit.Haveyoureally?Sure,it’squitefamous.Section2AroundTownDoyouknowthistownwell?Sure,Ihavebeenheremanytimes.Howmanylibrariesaretherehere?Therearethree.Three,that’salotforasmalltown.Well,onebelongstothetown.Andtheothertwo？Theybelongtotheuniversity.Cananyoneusethem?No.Onlystudentscanusetheuniversitylibraries.Butcananyoneusethetownlibrary?Ofcourse.Ihavebeengoingthereforyears.Butreallyyoushouldjointhelibrary.HowdoIdothat?Yougavethemyournameandaddress,andtheygaveyouaticket.Good.Thatsoundseasy.

Section3Sir,Madam,Mr.,Mrs.,MissandMs.Inwesterncountries,manytitlesareused.MenareusuallycalledMister.Womencanhavedifferenttitles.Awomancanchoosehertitle.Ifsheismarried,shecancallherselfMrs.orMs.Ifawomanisunmarried,shecancallherselfMissorMs.SowhendoweuseSirorMadamTheyareoftenusedinformalletters.SometimeswehearpeoplecallothersSirorMadam.Yes.Theyareformaltermsandverypolite.SohowdoweknowwhentousethemWell,ifyoudon’tknowpeople,youcanusethoseterms.Itisconsideredtoopolite.Somepeoplewouldthinkso,butdon’tworryaboutit.Mostpeopledon’tmindifyouguess.Section4GoingPlacesTravelcanbeveryexciting.Manypeopleliketotravel.Peoplethinktravelisexpensive.Thisneednotbeso.Wecantravelbymanyways.Walkingisaformoftravel.Itcanbeveryinteresting.Walkingenablesustoseemanythingsindetail.Wecantravelbyplane,bus,trainorcar.Whenwetravelthatway,wegettoplacesquickly.However,wedon’tseethingssodeeply.Abicycleisaquickerwaytotravelthanwalking.Bybicycle,wecanstillseethingsindetail.Wecanstopeasierandexaminewhatwefindinteresting.Butalltypesoftravelareinteresting.

Section5IntheHomeTherearemanykindsofroomsinahouse.Thebedroomiswherewesleep.Inthekitchenwecookourmeals.Inthediningroom,weeatthefoodwehavecooked.Loungesareusedforrelaxing.Somehouseshaveastudy.Thestudyislikeanofficeathome.Thebathroomiswherewewash.Somebathroomshaveabath.Otherbathroomshaveashower.Mostbathroomshaveatoilet.Somehouseshavemorethanonebathroom.Severalbedroomscanmakeapartofahouse.Ahousecanalsohaveagarden.Agardenmayhaveasmallhousecalledashed.Section6Cities,TownsandVillagesAcityisreallyjustalargetown.Atownisjustalargevillage.Asmallvillagewithoutanyshopsiscalledahamlet.Ahamletmayhaveonlyafewhouses.Avillagewillcontainafewshopsandseveralhouses.Citieshavelotsandlotsofpeople.Townshavefewerpeople.Villagesandhamletshaveevenfewerpeople.InEngland,everycityhasacathedral.Acathedralisalargechurch.SomeEuropeancountriesalsohavecathedrals.Townshaveseveralchurches.Avillagewilloftenhaveatleastonechurch.Ahamletmayormaynothaveachurch.Churchesareanimportantpartofcities,towns,villagesandhamlets.

Section7IntheGardenManyhouseshavegardens.Butgardensarenotjustforhouses.Manytownsandcitieshavepublicgardens.Housegardenscanhaveseveraluses.Peopleusethemtogrowthings.Iftheclimateisright,peopleliketohavelawns.Lawnsareareasofgrass.Thegrasswillbekept,cutandneat.Flowersarepopularingardenstoo.Theymakethegardenbeautiful.Somepeopleusegardenstogrowfood.Vegetablesarepopular,butsoisfruit.Publicgardensusuallydon’thavevegetablesandfruit.Theyhavetrees,bushes,lawnsandflowers.Gardensaretorelaxinabeautifulenvironment.Section8PlayingGamesHowmanygamescanyouthinkof?Well,thatdependsonwhatkindsofgamesyoumean.Anykind.Well,thereareallkindsofsports.Likewhat?Likefootball,swimming,tennisetc.Yes.Thosegamesareforoutdoors.Sometimesswimmingandtennisarenot.You’reright,butwhataboutindoorgames?

Liketabletennis,badmintonandvolleyball.Yes.Butthoseneedspecialplaces.Whatdoyoumean?Well,youcan’tplaythemathome.Oh,youmeangameslikechess,draftsandcards.Yeah,theyaregamestoo.

Section9TypesofWorkWhatdoesyourfatherdo?Heisateacher.Whatdoesheteach?Mathematics.Doesyourmotherwork?Sure,sheisadoctor.Inthehospital?Yes,andyourparents?Myfatherisanengineer.Andyourmother?Shewasonceasecretaryinafactory.Mysisterisasoldier.Oh,mybrotherwillbegoingintothearmy.So,they’llbothbeinthearmy.Yes.AndIhaveanotherbrotherwhohasbeeninthenavy.Section10DifferentKindsofEatingIlikerestaurants.Whatkindofrestaurants?Forfood,ofcourse.Ah,buttherearemanykindsofrestaurants.Likewhat?Well,therearefancyrestaurants.Youmeanexpensiveones?Yes.Andtherearecheaponestoo.Likefastfoodrestaurants.Well,yes.Butnotallcheaponesarefastfood.LikeMcDonald’sandKentuckyFriedChicken.WeusuallycallthatoneKFC.WhataboutCafé’sAretheyrestaurants

Someare,iftheyservefood.Buttheirmenusareusuallylimited.

Section11TimeTherearethreedifferentwaysoftellingthetime.Wecansay,forexample,threefifteen(3:15).Orwecansayaquarterpastthree(3:15).Wecanalsosayzerothreefifteenhours(03:15).That’sifitis3:15am.Ifitis3:15pm,wesayfifteenfifteenhours(15:15).Wecallthatthe24-hourclock.Ifitis3:45,wecansaythat.Orwecansayaquartertofour(3:45).3:35becomestwenty-fivetofour.Wecansayfivepastthree(3:05).Wecan’tsaysixpastthree(3:06).Wemustsaysixminutespastthree(3:06).Ifitisnot5,10,20,25,35,40,50or55,thenwemustaddminutes.Butitreallydoesn’tmatterwhichweuseifothersunderstandus.Section12DifferentValuesWeightsandmeasuresaredifferentindifferentcountries.Wecallthedifferentsystemsdecimalandimperial.Mostcountriesusethedecimalsystem.That’sasystemthatusesunitsoftentocountandmeasure.TheimperialsystemcamefromEnglandandisstillusedinsomecountries.Englandwillhavechangedtothedecimalsystembytheendofthedecade.Manyimperialcountriesarechangingtodecimal.Americausestheimperialsystemforweightsandmeasures.ButAmericausesdecimalformoney.Americansusepoundsandouncesforweight.Thedecimalsystemusesgramsandkilograms.Theimperialsystemusesinches,feet,yardsandmilesformeasuringlength.Thedecimalsystemusesmillimeters,centimeters,metersandkilometers.Intheimperialsystem,pints,quartsandgallonsmeasureliquidsandfluids.Thedecimalsystemusesliters.

Section13LibrariesMosttownsandcitieshavealibrary.Librariesareavailabletoeveryone.Peoplethinkthatlibrariesarejustforbooks.Theyarewrong.Inmodernlibraries,youcanborrowmanythings.Books,ofcourse,arewhatpeopleexpectedtofindinlibraries.Didyouknow,however,thatyoucanalsoborrowmusic?

Yes,manylibrarieswilllendCDsandrecords.Somelibrarieswillalsolendcomputerprograms.Doyouknowwhywehavelibraries?Itistoenablethosewhocannotaffordtobuybooksetc.tohaveaccesstothem.However,theyarenotjustusedbypoorpeople.Allkindsofpeopleusethem,fromchildrentoprofessors,poortorich.ItwouldbealmostimpossibleforyouormetocollectsomanybooksandCDs.Solibrariescanbesaidtobeveryusefulplaces.Section14Cinema,TheaterWhat’sthedifferencebetweenacinemaandatheater?

Theatersaregenerallyforliveperformances.Cinemasareforrecordedshows.Whatareliveperformances?Thesearewheretherearepeopleonthestageactuallyperformingthereandthen.Sowhatsortofperformancescanweexpect?Therecanbeactingofplays,youknow,drama,comedyetc.Anythingelse?Sure,therecanbemusicalperformancesbysoloartistsorbybands.CanIseeclassicalconcertatatheater?Yes,sometheatersareusedforthat.Cinemasaredifferentthen?Yah,cinemasusuallyshowmovies.Andthesearenotlive.That’sright,theywererecordedonfilmlongbeforeyouseeitinthecinema.Idon’tknowwhichIprefer.Perhapstheyareequallyasgoodaseachother.

Section15FlyingWeusuallyflyinaeroplane.Buttherearedifferentkindsofmachinesforflyingin.Thegeneraltermformachinesweflyinisaircraft.Thetypesmostpeopleusefortravelarecalledpassengeraircraft.Similaraeroplanesareusedfortransportinggoods.Thesewetermastransportaircraft.Helicoptersareusedbyboththemilitaryandbyprivatecitizens.However,someaircraftareonlyusedbythemilitary.Themilitaryisthearmy,navyandairforce.Notjusttheairforceuseaircraft.Mostmilitaryaircraftareusedforfightingordefense.Many,however,areusedfortransport.Theseprovidefoodetc.forthearmedforces.Someaircraftflyfromshipscalledaircraftcarriers.Evenspacerocketscanbecalledaircraft.Section16SupermarketsWhathappensinasupermarket?Well,first,youwillpickupabasketoratrolley.What’sthedifferencebetweenabasketandatrolley?

Abasketisusedforjustalittleshopping.Atrolleyhaswheelsandisusedwhenwehavealottobuy.Thenwhenwehavechosenwhichwewant,wegoshopping.Modernsupermarketshavefoodfromallaroundtheworld.Thefoodisarrangedinsectionscontainingsimilarfoodsandsupplies.Youwalkupanddownthesectionschoosingwhatyouwant.Inbigsupermarkets,thechoicecanbeverylarge.Youcanbuyclothesandhouseholditemsinsomesupermarkets.Whenyouhavefinished,yougotothecheckout.Hereyoutakeallyourshoppingoutofthebasketortrolley.Thecheckoutpersonwillthenputtheitemsacrossamachine.Themachinetellsyouhowmuchtopay.

Section17ChildrenChildrenfromallaroundtheworldarebasicallythesame.Theirneedsaresimilarwherevertheylive.Ofcoursetheyneedfood,parentsandlove.However,aschildrengrowolder,theirneedsmaydifferaccordingtotheirculture.Insomecountries,childrengotoschoolfromtheageofthree.Inothercultures,childrenmaynevergotoschoolatall.Whentheyarebabies,theyalleatordrinkmilk.Whentheyareolder,theirfoodbecomesthesameastheirparents.Thisnaturallyisdifferentindifferentpartsoftheworld.Inthewest,childrenlearntouseknivesandforksandspoons.Intheeast,theyusechopsticksandspoons.Childrenwillleaveschoolandstartworkatdifferentages.Theireducationwilldependonmanythingsincludingculturalbackground.Itdoesnotmatteriftheyarefromeastorwest,mostpeoplethinkchildrenarebeautiful.Itisashameitchangesastheygetolder.Section18MusicSomepeoplesaythatmusicistheuniversallanguage.Musicbridgesculturebetterthanlanguagedoes.Almosteveryoneintheworldknowsaboutclassicalmusic.ClassicalmusicisthekindwrittenbyBeethoven,Bach,Wagner,Tchaikovskyetc.Thesecomposerscamefromdifferentcountries.Buttheirmusicspreadaroundtheworld.Todaywecanbuyallkindsofmusictolistento.Popularmusic,alsocalledpopmusic,generallyappealstoteenagers.Rock,jazz,blues,opera,soulandfolkmusicarespecialestkindsofmusic.However,theycanappealtoallkindsofpeopleinallcountries.Inthe1960sand1970s,theBeatlesfromEnglandwerethemostfamousmusicians.Theirmusicinfluencedyoungpeoplearoundtheworld.AlthoughtheynolongercreatemusiclikeBeethovenetc.,theBeatles’musicisstilllovedandperformed.Todaythereissuchawidevarietyofmusictochoosefrom,thatitseemsdifficult.Itmaybebesttotryallthedifferentkindsavailable.Thenwecanbuyandenjoytheoneswelikemost.

Section19FamousWritersMostcountriesproduceafewfamouswriters.Whichwriterscanyouthinkoffromyourcountry?Howmanywritersdoyouknowfromothercountries?Howmanyare20thcenturywriters?

Perhapsweknowtheoldwritersbest.InChina,everyonehasheardofShakespeare.HewasanEnglishman,buthediedin1616.Sofor400years,peoplehaverememberedShakespeare.WhataboutAmericanwriters?DoyouknowwhichareAmericanandwhichareBritish?Sometimesitisdifficulttoknow.Butmostofthefamouswritersbeforethe20thcenturywereBritish.Russiahasproducedsomeveryfamouswriterstoo.MostoftheRussianwritersarefamedfortheirpassionandromanceintheirbooks.Francealsohasproducedsomegreatwriters.AndChina?Section20FamousMusiciansHowmanymusicalinstrumentscanyouthinkof?Canyounamedanyonefamousforplayingwhatyouchose?Howmanyarefromthe20thcentury?

Beforethen,mostfamousmusicianswerealsocomposers.Composersweremorefamousthantheplayers.Isthatthecasetoday?Mostoffamousmusiciansbeforethe20thcenturyplayedinorchestras.Today,manyofthemostwell-knownmusiciansbelongtotherockandpopworld.Iftheycreatetheirownmusic,aretheyalsocomposers?Yes,theyare.ButtheirworkisdifferenttothatofBeethovenetc.IsMichaelJacksonasfamousasBeethoven?

Willhisworklastaslong?Modernmusiciansandcomposersusuallydonotstayfamousformorethanayearortwo.Today’sfameisoftenshortlived.Butthefamouswillearnlotsandlotsofmoney.ItisinterestingtocomparemusicianslikeBeethovenandMichaelJackson.Itisdifficulttosaywhichisthebestbecausetheyaresodifferent.Eachonewasfamousbecausetheygavethepublictherightthingattherighttime.Section21TelevisionHowmanyhoursadaydoyouwatchtelevision?Inmanymodernwesterncountries,theaverageis4hoursperday.Manypeoplethinkitistoomuch,doyouagree?WhatarethebenefitsofwatchingTV?Itsimpactsinceitbecamepopularistremendous.Itisonlysincethesecondhalfofthe20thcenturythatitbecameavailabletomostpeopleinthewest.InChinaitislessthanthat.Butnowitissopopularthatitcanbeseeneverywhere.WhatdomostpeopleliketowatchonTV?Well,itcanbedifferentaccordingtotheirage.Movies,ofcourse,arepopular.Asisthenewsandtheweatherreports.Soapoperasarealsoverypopularindeed.Somesoapsaswecallthemhavebeenrunningforover40years.Namesomesoapsfromyourowncountry’stelevisionnetworks.Today,duetosatellitebroadcasting,weareabletogetprogramsfromallovertheworld.InEurope,forexample,peoplecanseeCCTV.Didyouknowthat?Section22RadioWhentelevisionbecamepopular,peoplethoughttheradiowouldnotsurvive.Asweallknowtoday,thatwaswrong.Infact,mostpeopleinthewestlistentoradiomorethantheywatchTV.Doyoubelievethat?Well,theylisteninthemorningwhentheyaregettingreadytogotowork.Theylistenwhentheyaredrivingtheircars.Somelistenwhentheyarewalkinginthestreet.Sometimesweseepeoplewithwalkmans.Butwedon’tknowiftheyarelisteningtoradioortotheirownmusic.Formanymanyyears,welearnedaboutnewmusiconlyfromtheradio.TodayperhapstelevisionprogramslikeMTVaretakingover.HaveyouheardoftheBBCandVOA?ThenyouprobablyknowthesefromlearningEnglish.ManystudentsinChinausetheradiotohelpthemstudylanguage.AlthoughtherearetelevisionstationslikeCCTV9whichcanhelp,radiosarecheaptobuyandeasytocarryaround.Soradiostillhassomeadvantagesovertelevision.

Section23NewspapersWhyisitcalledanewspaper?Becauseitcontainsnewsofcourse.ButModernnewspaperscontainmuchmorethanjustnews.Theyhavecompetitionsandpuzzlesandadvice.Theyareoneoftheoldestformsofmasscommunication.Theyareprintedinvirtuallyeverylanguageintheworld.Newspapersfindtheirwayintoalmosteveryhomeintheworld.Someprintpicturesincolortoday.Somearemorelikemagazinesthannewspapers.Frontpagenewsisatermfromnewspapers,whichhascomeintoourdailylanguage.Trytothinkofallthekindsofnewspapersthereare,whataboutcompanynewspapers,localnewspapers,nationalandinternationalfinancialnewspapers?Therearetoomanytoknowthemall.Butwecanknowtheimportanceofnewspapers.Howmanyusesdoyouknowforoldnewspapers?Section24SchoolIlikeschool,Ihateschool.Whydopeoplefeellikethat.Whichareyou,aloverorahater?Doyouordidyouenjoyschoolandlearning?Sowhatmakesaschoolgoodorbad?Perhapsitistheteachers.Ifyouhavegoodcaringteachers,youwillenjoylearning.Orisittheclassmatesthatmakeitgoodorbad?Whydowespendsomanyyearsatschool?Itshouldprepareusforouradultlife.Wasyourschoolsuccessfulatdoingthat?Peoplecanhaveverystrongideasaboutwhatschoolshouldandshouldn’tdo.Whetherschoolsaretoprepareusforadultlifeorfurthereducation,theyareimportant.Soitmaybejustamatterofluckifwegettoagoodschoolornot.Thatluck,however,canchangeourwholelife.

Section25UniversityMostpeopledonotgotouniversity.Somesayitisonlytheluckyoneswhogothere.Probablyweallwillagreethattogotouniversityisspecial.HaveyouheardofCambridge,Oxford,Harvard,Stanford?Someuniversitiesbecomeworldfamous.Universitiesoftenproducefamousmenandwomen.Theybecomeleadersinpolitics,business,scienceandart.Butuniversityisnotjustaboutlearning.Itisherewherepeoplemakelifelongfriends.Whilstuniversity,peoplemakedecisionsthataffecttheirwholelives.Universitiesproducemedicinesandscience,technologyandresearchthatcanbenefithumankind.Someuniversitiesaresobigthattheyarelikeawholetown.Wecallthisacampus.Butnotalluniversitiesarecampusuniversities.Somearespreadaroundacityoratownanddonotgroupeveryonetogetherinthesameplace.Whichevertheyare,theyallplayanimportantpartinthepresentandfutureoftheworld.Section26ElectricityIfwetrytothinkofthemostimportantinventions,electricitywillsurelybeonthelist.Forthelast100years,ithasplayedanimportantpartinthedevelopmentofthemodernworld.Itaffectseveryone’slifeinonewayoranother.Itisprobablypresentthemomentwearebornanditstayswithusthroughoutourlives.Whentheelectricitygoesoff,wecallitapowercut.Majorpowercutsincitiescanhavedisastrousresultsforcommerceandforlife.Trytothinkofallthethings,organizationsetc.thattrulydependonelectricity.Infact,itisprobablymoredifficulttothinkofthosenotdependentonit.Wealsocallelectricitypower,whichshowshowimportantitis.Wecouldsaythatwetakeelectricityforgranted.Inthemodernworld,themakingofelectricityisamajorconcern.Itsproductioncanharmourenvironment.Becauseofthis,scientistsandengineersareresearchingnewwaysofmakingit.Withoutit,ourliveswillchangedramatically.Anditisunlikelytobeforthebetter.

Section27EnvironmentWhatexactlyistheenvironment?It’stheworldaroundus.Youmeantheskyandtreesandthingslikethat.Well,yes.Butitcanbeevenclosertohome.Infact,yourhomeisanenvironment.Soitisanythingthatisaroundus,yah?Yah.Butmostpeopletodaythinkofitasnature.That’swhatIthoughtatfirst.Well,ithasbecomeveryimportanttodaytothinkofthenaturalenvironment.Isthatbecauseweareafraidofwhatishappeninginnature?

Sure.Itisreallyonlyinthelast50yearsthatwehaverealizedwhatharmwearecausingtothenaturalenvironment.Butthedamagewasstartedlongbeforethat,wasn’tit?

Isupposeit’sstartedwithindustrialrevolutionabout300yearsago.That’snotverylong,ifyouthinkhowoldtheworldis.No.Butmostoftheenvironmentaldamagehadbeenincreasingdramaticallyoverthepast100years.Yes.Butnowweareawareofit,wearedoingourbesttorectifyit.Section28AcidRain50yearsago,noonetalkedaboutacidrain.Thenwedidn'treallyknowtheharmitwascausingtotheworld.Todayalmosteveryadultandschoolchildisawareofacidrainanditseffects.Itaffectspeopleallaroundtheworld.Eventhosewhoarenotresponsibleforitscreationsufferfromit.Itiscausedmostlybytheburningoffossilfuels.Fossilfuelsarecoal,gas,oilandpeatandcreatecarbonwhentheyareburned.Carbonisbothnecessaryanddangerousinourworld.Plantsandtreesneedcarbondioxide,CO2,tobreeze.Carbonmonoxide,CO,however,ispoisonoustous.Whencarbonandotherelementsgetintotheair,theymixwithwaterintheclouds.Thecloudsmovearoundtheworldandproducerain.Thisrainislikeanacidanditdestroystrees,plants,riversandfishwhenitfalls.Themoretreesitdestroys,themoredifficultitisfornaturetoredressthebalance.Theburningoffossilfuelsmustbecontrolledinordertoassistinthepreventionofacidrain.

Section29GlobalWarmingSomepeoplesaytheearthisgettingwarmer.Theyblamesomethingcalledgreenhousegasses.Thegreenhousegassesdestroythehigheratmospherethatkeepsourplanetfromgettingtoohot.CFCsarethegassesthatcauseoneofthebiggestproblemsinglobalwarming.CFCsdestroysomeoftheozonethatisinthehigheratmosphere.Theozonelayerhelpsusbyfilteroutsomeoftheharmfulultravioletraysfromthesun.Theserayscancauseskincancerinhumans.Theserayscanalsohelptoheatupourplanet.Overthepolaricecaps,wenowhaveholesintheozonelayer.These,peoplebelieve,contributetoworld’sglobalwarming.Oneofitseffectscouldhaveistospeedupthemeltingofthepolaricecaps.Ifthesemelttooquickly,theleveloftheseawillrisetoofastforustocontrolit.Theeffectofariseintheheightoftheseawillbedramatic.Manyoftheworld’smajorcitieswillbeunderseawater.So,globalwarmingcanbeverydangeroustoourfutureenvironment.Section30ClimateChangeElNino,whichisnotanEnglishname,isplayinganimportantpartinourlives.Weoftenhearpeopletalkaboutthestrangeweatherwearehavingnowadays.Thechangingweatherpatternsarenotfullyunderstoodyet.ElNinoisonewhichisnotclearinscientist’sminds.Itisasortofwarmingoftheseasthatmovearoundtheearth.ManystrangeweatherphenomenonareblamedonElNino.Butthismaynotbetherealcase.Globalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayer,acidrainetc.canallhaveaneffectupontheweather.Whataretheseeffectsthateveryoneistalkingabout?

Tropicalstormsareappearinginnon-tropicalareas.Somepartsoftheworldareheatinguptoomuchandcropsarefailing,desertsareextending,turningarablelandintounfarmableland.Floodsarecomingtoareasthathaveneverexperiencedthanbefore.Unnaturalweatheroccurrencesarehappeningeverywhere.Wearenotcertainwhatthelongtermeffectswillbe.Itiscertain,however,thatwemustpayattentiontotheseoccurrences.

Section31MarriageMarriageisanalmostuniversalact.Itisthecomingtogetheroftwopeopletosharetheirlivesinanofficialway.Inmanycountries,ithasareligiousconnection.Itisoneoftheoldestceremoniesremaininginmostcultures.Mostcountriesandreligionssetaminimumageformarriage.Thiswillvaryfromcountrytocountry.IntheUK,forexample,acouplemaymarryat16yearsold.Ifamarriageistobedissolved,wecallthisdivorce.Somereligionsdonotpermitdivorce.Inthe20thcentury,somepeopledecidedtolivetogetherwithoutgettingmarried.Thiscanbecalledcommon-lawmarriage.Mostpeopledothisbecausetheywantatrialmarriagebeforetherealthing.Itwasthoughtthatitwaseasierthangoingthroughdivorceiftherelationshipdidn’twork.However,thelawinmanycountriesconsidersthis,andafterafewyearsoflivingtogether,similarlawstodivorceapply.So,marriageisstillpopulareventhoughcommon-lawmarriageisstilltriedfirst,aspeoplemayeventuallymarryanyway.Section32DeathItissurprisinghowdifferentculturestreatdeath.Theceremoniessurroundingitvaryfromculturetoculture,countrytocountry.Eventhecolorsassociatedwithdeathvary.Inwesterncultures,blackorgreyarelinkedtodeath.InAsia,brightercolorsarenormal.Inwesterncultures,itisnotpolitetotalkalotaboutdeath.Inothercultures,itmaynotbeanuncommontalkingpoint.Theformsofburialvaryalso.Inthewest,peoplemaybecremated,thatisburnedtoashesandthenburied.Theymayalsochoosetobeburiedasawholebody.Theywillbeburiedinaspecialplacecalledacemetery.Insomeotherplaces,theymaybeburnedonafuneralpyre.Whathappenstousafterwedieisalwaysasubjectofvarietyanddifference.Somethinkthatafterdeaththereisnothing.Othersthinkthatthereisalifeafterdeathorevenreincarnation.

Section33BirthOfcourse,noneofuscanrememberourownbirth.Ifwecould,Iwonderwhatwewouldremember.Forthemothers,itisapainfulbutusuallyadelightfulexperience.Hundredsofyearsago,mothersandbabiesmaydieatthetimeofbirth.Today,however,thisisfarlesscommon.Amid-wifeisusuallypresentatthebirthtoassistthemotherandthebaby.Insomecountr