中國動物衛(wèi)生狀況報告

41/41中國動物衛(wèi)生狀況報告（1999年度）中華人民共和國農(nóng)業(yè)部畜牧獸醫(yī)局中國政府非常重視動物衛(wèi)生狀況的改善與提高。多年來中國政府根據(jù)國際通行動物衛(wèi)生規(guī)則，結(jié)合本國實際情況，采取行政、法律、經(jīng)濟、技術(shù)等手段，加強動物衛(wèi)生管理工作。目前，中國已建立了較為完善的動物防疫監(jiān)督、進出境動物檢疫、獸藥監(jiān)督和飼料管理等法律法規(guī)和管理體系，動物疫病監(jiān)測、報告、預(yù)防和控制能力明顯加強，動物產(chǎn)品殘留監(jiān)控工作日趨規(guī)范，動物疫病發(fā)生、死亡率明顯降低，動物及動物產(chǎn)品衛(wèi)生狀況不斷改善。中國已于1955年消滅了牛瘟、1996年消滅了牛肺疫。癢病、牛海綿狀腦病、非洲馬瘟、非洲豬瘟、水泡性口炎、結(jié)節(jié)性皮炎、裂谷熱和小反芻獸疫等8種動物疫病從未在中國境內(nèi)發(fā)生。現(xiàn)將1999年中國動物衛(wèi)生狀況報告如下：1中國動物衛(wèi)生行政管理機關(guān)和動物衛(wèi)生法律法規(guī)1.1動物衛(wèi)生行政管理根據(jù)中華人民共和國動物衛(wèi)生有關(guān)法律法規(guī)和國務(wù)院有關(guān)規(guī)定，農(nóng)業(yè)部統(tǒng)一管理全國動物衛(wèi)生工作，具體職責(zé)是起草動物防疫和檢疫的法律法規(guī)，簽署政府間協(xié)議、協(xié)定，制定有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；組織獸醫(yī)醫(yī)政、獸藥藥政藥檢工作；組織、監(jiān)督動物防疫、檢疫工作，發(fā)布疫情并組織撲滅。農(nóng)業(yè)部下設(shè)畜牧獸醫(yī)局具體負(fù)責(zé)動物衛(wèi)生管理工作。1.2動物衛(wèi)生法律法規(guī)體系中國目前涉及動物衛(wèi)生管理的法律法規(guī)主要包括：《中華人民共和國動物防疫法》、《中華人民共和國進出境動植物檢疫法》及其實施條例、《種畜禽管理條例》、《獸藥管理條例》以及《飼料和飼料添加劑管理條例》。以上法律法規(guī)分別明確規(guī)定了農(nóng)業(yè)部主管全國動物防疫、進出境動物檢疫、種畜禽管理、獸藥管理以及飼料和飼料添加劑管理工作?！吨腥A人民共和國動物防疫法》是國家動物防疫工作的根本大法。該法明確規(guī)定國家對動物疫病實行預(yù)防為主的方針，對控制和撲滅動物疫病、動物檢疫制度、動物防疫監(jiān)督基本規(guī)范等內(nèi)容作了明確規(guī)定，以加強對動物防疫工作的管理，預(yù)防和撲滅動物疫病，促進養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展，保護人體健康。《中華人民共和國進出境動植物檢疫法》及《中華人民共和國進出境動植物檢疫法實施條例》對檢疫審批、進境、出境、過境、運輸工具、攜帶、郵寄物等有關(guān)環(huán)節(jié)和對象的檢疫措施做了具體規(guī)定，以防止動植物病蟲害傳入、傳出國境，保護農(nóng)、林、牧、漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)和人體健康，促進對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易發(fā)展。《獸藥管理條例》對獸藥生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營企業(yè)、獸醫(yī)醫(yī)療單位藥劑管理、新獸藥審批和進出口獸藥管理、獸藥監(jiān)督、獸藥商標(biāo)和廣告等作了明確規(guī)定。條例規(guī)定對獸藥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)實行生產(chǎn)許可證管理制度，對獸藥產(chǎn)品實行產(chǎn)品批準(zhǔn)文號管理制度。獸藥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)必須符合我國的《獸藥生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量管理規(guī)范》即(GMP)的要求，生產(chǎn)的獸藥產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量必須達到《中國獸藥典》及農(nóng)業(yè)部頒發(fā)的獸藥質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。嚴(yán)禁未領(lǐng)取生產(chǎn)許可證和產(chǎn)品批準(zhǔn)文號的任何單位和個人生產(chǎn)、銷售獸藥產(chǎn)品，從而保證獸藥質(zhì)量，有效防治動物疾病，促進畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展和維護人體健康?！斗N畜禽管理條例》規(guī)定種畜禽生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營單位必須具有健全的獸醫(yī)衛(wèi)生防疫、環(huán)境保護措施，才能向縣級以上人民政府畜牧行政主管部門申領(lǐng)《種畜禽生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營許可證》?！讹暳虾惋暳咸砑觿┕芾項l例》明確規(guī)定企業(yè)生產(chǎn)飼料、飼料添加劑，不得直接添加獸藥和其他禁用藥品；生產(chǎn)藥物飼料添加劑，不得添加激素類藥品。條例同時對新飼料、新飼料添加劑的審定、進口管理以及生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營管理、質(zhì)量監(jiān)督管理作了明確規(guī)定，以提高飼料、飼料添加劑質(zhì)量，促進飼料工業(yè)和養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展，維護人體健康。2動物疫病的發(fā)生現(xiàn)狀及控制措施2.1中國動物疫病分類農(nóng)業(yè)部規(guī)定了一二三類動物疫病病種名錄。具體見附件1。2.21999年中國動物疫病發(fā)生情況1999年中國政府通過《獸醫(yī)公報》向FAO、OIE及世界各國就以下20種動物疫病在中國境內(nèi)的發(fā)生情況進行了通報：口蹄疫、豬水泡病、藍舌病、綿羊痘和山羊痘、豬瘟、高致病性禽流感、新城疫、豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征、豬囊尾蚴病、炭疽、兔病毒性出血病、禽霍亂、狂犬病、鴨瘟、鼻疽、豬丹毒、豬肺疫、馬傳染性貧血、布魯氏菌病、雞馬立克氏病等。2.2.1口蹄疫1999年5月，中國福建省寧德市、海南省白沙縣和西藏日喀則地區(qū)分別發(fā)生口蹄疫，患病及易感的牛和豬1215頭，撲殺1215頭。此次疫病經(jīng)國家級重點實驗室診斷確定病毒血清型為O型。疫情發(fā)生后，當(dāng)?shù)卣⒓磩澏ú⒎怄i了疫區(qū)，撲殺所有病畜及同群畜，對疫區(qū)和周圍受威脅地區(qū)的易感動物進行緊急免疫接種，對病畜接觸和可能接觸的場所、物品、設(shè)施和器具進行徹底消毒。同時加強疫區(qū)內(nèi)外動物流動控制和進出疫區(qū)運輸車輛的消毒。通過對疫區(qū)及周圍50公里以內(nèi)的易感動物進行連續(xù)6為防止從中國境外傳入疫情，我國在與東南亞、南亞及北亞直接接壤但無自然或地理屏障的邊界，建立口蹄疫監(jiān)測帶，必要時采用口蹄疫疫苗進行預(yù)防接種。豬傳染性水泡病1999年度，中國未發(fā)生豬水泡病。藍舌病1999年度，中國境內(nèi)未發(fā)生藍舌病。高致病性禽流感1999年度，中國未發(fā)生高致病性禽流感。中國每年對所有養(yǎng)禽單位尤其是種禽場至少進行2次以上采樣監(jiān)測，凡發(fā)現(xiàn)高致病性禽流感，均采取嚴(yán)厲的封鎖、撲殺和消毒措施。嚴(yán)禁禽流感感染國家（地區(qū)）的家禽、野禽及其產(chǎn)品，包括種蛋、精液、禽源性產(chǎn)品及飼料、難以確保禽流感病毒破壞的禽源性病料和生物制品進境或過境運輸。從無禽流感國家（地區(qū)）引種，必須按進出境有關(guān)規(guī)定辦理。新城疫1999年度，中國發(fā)生新城疫的省份有：北京、甘肅、貴州、海南、河北、黑龍江、湖北、湖南、江蘇、江西、內(nèi)蒙古、寧夏、新疆、云南、重慶市。全年發(fā)病禽及同群禽數(shù)量達12萬只，其中死亡近6萬只，病死率約50%，撲殺37萬只,占發(fā)病及同群禽數(shù)的31%。到目前為止，新城疫仍多發(fā)生于農(nóng)村散養(yǎng)雞群中，現(xiàn)代集約化養(yǎng)雞場從未發(fā)生過新城疫。中國定期開展對雞新城疫疫情監(jiān)測工作，發(fā)現(xiàn)或疑似的新城疫病禽，按無害化處理規(guī)定立即處理。飼養(yǎng)曾祖代、祖代雞的雞場，整個飼養(yǎng)周期無雞新城疫發(fā)生，集約化商品代養(yǎng)雞場使用低毒力株活疫苗和滅活疫苗進行預(yù)防接種。綿羊痘和山羊痘1999年度，中國福建、甘肅、海南、河南、黑龍江、湖北、內(nèi)蒙、寧夏、青海、山西、重慶市等11省（市、自治區(qū)）發(fā)生綿羊痘和山羊痘共39起，患病山羊和綿羊達3733只，死亡446只，撲殺247只。以山羊多發(fā)，青海、黑龍江的綿羊也有發(fā)生；發(fā)病無明顯季節(jié)，一年四季均有發(fā)生，也無明顯的區(qū)域性。豬瘟1999年度，中國有13個省發(fā)生豬瘟，這些省份包括北京、福建、甘肅、廣西、貴州、河北、河南、黑龍江、湖北、江西、青海、山西和重慶市。全年累計發(fā)生次數(shù)672次，病豬41.5萬頭，其中死亡16.5萬頭，病死率約40%，撲殺8萬頭，占發(fā)病豬的19%。2.2.2布魯氏菌病1999年共發(fā)生16起，發(fā)病畜765頭，主要是山羊，也有豬和牛，其中死亡112頭，撲殺362頭，發(fā)生的省有河北、河南、黑龍江、遼寧、吉林、山西、四川。該病為法定報告和必須控制的疫病。在畜間采取以免為主的“檢、殺、免”綜合防治措施，并按規(guī)定每年進行流行病學(xué)調(diào)查和血清學(xué)、病原學(xué)檢查。炭疽1999年共發(fā)生23起，發(fā)病畜210頭，主要為豬、牛，也有山羊，其中死亡128頭，深埋銷毀35頭，發(fā)生的省有廣西、貴州、黑龍江、內(nèi)蒙古、青海、云南。炭疽是中國法定報告、嚴(yán)格控制和常年監(jiān)測的動物疫病之一，目前呈散發(fā)或局部暴發(fā)，多發(fā)生于山區(qū)和邊遠動物衛(wèi)生條件差、醫(yī)療和預(yù)防力量較薄弱地區(qū)，且多發(fā)生于干旱、洪水等自然災(zāi)害較多季節(jié)和區(qū)域。豬丹毒呈散發(fā)、地方流行或暴發(fā)，1999年發(fā)生的?。ㄊ校┯斜本⒏＝?、廣東、海南、河南、黑龍江、湖北、湖南、江蘇、遼寧、山東、云南、重慶等，發(fā)病豬達8784頭，其中死亡1604頭，撲殺783頭。豬肺疫1999年發(fā)生的?。ㄊ校┯邪不铡①F州、河南、黑龍江、湖北、湖南、江蘇、江西、山東、上海、四川、云南，發(fā)病生豬7233頭，其中死亡1728頭，撲殺1361頭。豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征1999年在河南、山西和上海三省（市）發(fā)生，其中河南、山西省分別發(fā)生一起，發(fā)病豬51頭，死亡10頭，而上海發(fā)生6起，發(fā)病數(shù)占全年總發(fā)病數(shù)的87%。該病為外來疫病，主要發(fā)生于引種頻繁的種畜場，由于該病尚無有效疫苗預(yù)防，對病豬及陽性種豬采取了淘汰、消毀措施并對圈舍徹底消毒措施。同時采取了嚴(yán)格的進境檢疫管理措施，嚴(yán)防該病再次傳入。3動物和動物產(chǎn)品的獸藥監(jiān)控1999年3月農(nóng)業(yè)部制定了“中華人民共和國動物及動物源性食品中獸藥殘留物質(zhì)監(jiān)控計劃”，同時還制定了“1999年度殘留監(jiān)控抽樣實施方案”。1999年6月-12月，農(nóng)業(yè)部組織了對部分地區(qū)的獸藥殘留物質(zhì)監(jiān)測工作，在家禽、豬、兔、水產(chǎn)品和蜂蜜等動物產(chǎn)品中抽取了4174個樣品，進行克球酚、鹽酸克倫特羅、磺胺類、已烯雌酚、六六六、DDT等34種農(nóng)藥、獸藥、重金屬、激素殘留項目的檢測。結(jié)果顯示3992個樣品（占95.6%）無殘留；155個樣品(占3.7%)存在殘留，但未超標(biāo)；27個樣品（占0.7%）存在殘留并超過最高殘留限量指標(biāo)。同時還到飼養(yǎng)場中抽取273個飼料/飲水樣品進行檢測，其中257個樣品（占94.1%）未檢出藥品，16個樣品（占5.9%）藥物添加量超標(biāo)。對超標(biāo)的產(chǎn)品及相關(guān)企業(yè)按有關(guān)規(guī)定進行查禁并處理。4動物衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督4.1飼養(yǎng)環(huán)節(jié)動物飼養(yǎng)場所要符合農(nóng)業(yè)部規(guī)定的動物防疫條件，并接受動物防疫監(jiān)督機構(gòu)的監(jiān)督檢查。對種畜禽場實行動物防疫合格證和生產(chǎn)許可證管理制度，凡畜禽飼養(yǎng)場必須由農(nóng)業(yè)部進行定期和不定期疫情監(jiān)測，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題按規(guī)定及時處理。種畜禽場只有達到國家規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方能對外供種。4.2屠宰加工環(huán)節(jié)動物屠宰加工場所須符合農(nóng)業(yè)部規(guī)定的動物防疫條件。對屠宰動物實施宰前檢疫、宰后檢驗，合格的由動物防疫監(jiān)督機構(gòu)的動物檢疫員簽發(fā)《動物產(chǎn)品檢疫合格證明》并加蓋或者加封農(nóng)業(yè)部統(tǒng)一監(jiān)制的檢疫驗訖標(biāo)志方可出售和運輸。4.3流通環(huán)節(jié)動物及動物產(chǎn)品上市（或離開產(chǎn)地或生產(chǎn)場所）之前必須由轄區(qū)動物防疫監(jiān)督機構(gòu)的動物檢疫員進行產(chǎn)地檢疫，經(jīng)檢疫合格的出具《動物產(chǎn)地檢疫合格證明》或《動物產(chǎn)品檢疫合格證明》。運出縣境的動物及動物產(chǎn)品，由縣級以上動物防疫監(jiān)督機構(gòu)查驗《動物產(chǎn)地檢疫合格證明》或《動物產(chǎn)品檢疫合格證明》，出具《出縣境動物檢疫合格證明》或《出縣境動物產(chǎn)品檢疫合格證明》后，方可出縣境流通。動物防疫監(jiān)督機構(gòu)依法在鐵路、公路、水路、航空港對動物、動物產(chǎn)品運輸進行監(jiān)督檢查。出口的動物及動物產(chǎn)品，由出入境檢驗檢疫機關(guān)根據(jù)輸入國或者地區(qū)和我國有關(guān)動物檢疫規(guī)定、雙邊檢疫協(xié)定以及貿(mào)易合同中定明的檢疫要求在口岸實施檢疫，合格的出具檢疫證書（包括《動物檢疫證書》、《獸醫(yī)衛(wèi)生證書》等）。海關(guān)憑檢疫證書放行。5疫情監(jiān)測報告系統(tǒng)中國建立了嚴(yán)格有效的的疫情監(jiān)測報告系統(tǒng)。全國已建立了國家、省、地、縣四級疫情報告系統(tǒng)，實行動物疫情逐級報告制度，由農(nóng)業(yè)部負(fù)責(zé)對外發(fā)布動物疫情。動物疫情報告實行快報、月報和年報制度。縣級動物防疫監(jiān)督機構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)有下列情形之一的必須在24小時內(nèi)快報至農(nóng)業(yè)部：(1)發(fā)生一類或者疑似一類動物疫?。?2)二類、三類或者其他動物疫病呈暴發(fā)性流行；(3)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的疫??；(4)已經(jīng)消滅又發(fā)生的動物疫病。各省（自治區(qū)、直轄市）每月和每年的動物疫情分別以月報、年報的形式向農(nóng)業(yè)部報告。除此之外，農(nóng)業(yè)部還在全國布設(shè)了300多個動物疫情測報點，進行動物疫情的監(jiān)測。各測報點直接向農(nóng)業(yè)部報告動物疫情。雖然中國尚不是OIE成員國，但中國每月向OIE遞交《獸醫(yī)公報》，通報疫情。6疫病撲滅及控制措施中國對國家規(guī)定的一二三類動物疫病采取了嚴(yán)格的預(yù)防和控制措施。發(fā)生一類動物疫病時，當(dāng)?shù)乜h級以上獸醫(yī)行政管理部門立即派人到現(xiàn)場，劃定疫點、疫區(qū)、受威脅區(qū)，采集病料，調(diào)查疫源，及時報請當(dāng)?shù)卣畬σ邊^(qū)實行封鎖。縣級以上地方人民政府立即組織有關(guān)部門和單位采取隔離、撲殺、銷毀、消毒、緊急免疫接種等強制性控制、撲滅措施，迅速撲滅疫病，并通報毗鄰地區(qū)。在封鎖期間，禁止染疫和疑似染疫的動物、動物產(chǎn)品流出疫區(qū)，禁止非疫區(qū)的動物進入疫區(qū)，并根據(jù)撲滅動物疫病的需要對出入封鎖區(qū)的人員、運輸工具及有關(guān)物品采取消毒和其他限制性措施。發(fā)生二類動物疫病時，當(dāng)?shù)乜h級以上獸醫(yī)行政管理部門要劃定疫點、疫區(qū)、受威脅區(qū)?？h級以上地方人民政府根據(jù)需要組織有關(guān)部門和單位采取隔離、撲殺、銷毀、消毒、緊急免疫接種、限制易感染的動物、動物產(chǎn)品及有關(guān)物品出入等控制、撲滅措施。發(fā)生三類動物疫病時，縣級、鄉(xiāng)級人民政府按照動物疫病預(yù)防計劃和農(nóng)業(yè)部的規(guī)定，組織防治和凈化。注：本報告統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)未包括臺灣省、香港特別行政區(qū)和澳門特別行政區(qū)附件1：一二三類動物疫病病種名錄一、一類動物疫病口蹄疫、豬水泡病、豬瘟、非洲豬瘟、非洲馬瘟、牛瘟、牛傳染性胸膜肺炎、牛海綿狀腦病、癢病、藍舌病、小反芻獸疫、綿羊痘和山羊痘、禽流行性感冒（高致病性禽流感）、雞新城疫二、二類動物疫病多種動物共患?。簜慰袢　⒖袢?、炭疽、魏氏梭菌病、副結(jié)核病、布魯氏菌病、弓形蟲病、棘球蚴病、鉤端螺旋體病牛?。号魅拘员菤夤苎住⑴盒钥ㄋ麩?、牛白血病、牛出血性敗血病、牛結(jié)核病、牛焦蟲病、牛錐蟲病、日本血吸蟲病綿羊和山羊?。荷窖蜿P(guān)節(jié)炎腦炎、梅地－維氏納病豬?。贺i乙型腦炎、豬細小病毒病、豬繁殖與呼吸綜合征、豬丹毒、豬肺疫、豬鏈球菌病、豬傳染性萎縮性鼻炎、豬支原體肺炎、旋毛蟲病、豬囊尾蚴病馬?。厚R傳染性貧血、馬流行性淋巴管炎、馬鼻疽、巴貝斯焦蟲病、伊氏錐蟲病禽病：雞傳染性喉氣管炎、雞傳染性支氣管炎、雞傳染性法氏囊病、雞馬立克氏病、雞產(chǎn)蛋下降綜合征、禽白血病、禽痘、鴨瘟、鴨病毒性肝炎、小鵝瘟、禽霍亂、雞白痢、雞敗血支原體感染、雞球蟲病兔病：兔病毒性出血病、兔粘液瘤病、野兔熱、兔球蟲病水生動物病：病毒性出血性敗血病、鯉春病毒血癥、對蝦桿狀病毒病蜜蜂?。好乐抻紫x腐臭病、歐洲幼蟲腐臭病、蜜蜂孢子蟲病、蜜蜂螨病、大蜂螨病、白堊病三、三類動物疫病多種動物共患?。汉谕炔　⒗钍蠗U菌病、類鼻疽、放線菌病、肝片吸蟲病、絲蟲病牛?。号Ａ餍袩帷⑴２《拘愿篂a/粘膜病、牛生殖器彎曲桿菌病、毛滴蟲病、牛皮蠅蛆病綿羊和山羊病：肺腺瘤病、綿羊地方性流產(chǎn)、傳染性膿皰皮炎、腐蹄病、傳染性眼炎、腸毒血癥、干酪性淋巴結(jié)炎、綿羊疥癬馬病：馬流行性感冒、馬腺疫、馬鼻腔肺炎、潰瘍性淋巴管炎、馬媾疫豬?。贺i傳染性胃腸炎、豬副傷寒、豬密螺旋體痢疾禽?。弘u病毒性關(guān)節(jié)炎、禽傳染性腦脊髓炎、傳染性鼻炎、禽結(jié)核病、禽傷寒魚病：魚傳染性造血器官壞死、魚鰓霉病其它動物病：水貂阿留申病、水貂病毒性腸炎、鹿茸真菌病、蠶型多角體病、蠶白僵病、犬瘟熱、利什曼病REPORTBUREAROFANIMALPRODUCTIONANDHEALTHMINISTRYOFAGRICULTUREOFP.R.CHINATheChineseGovernmenthaspaidgreatattentiontotheimprovementofanimalhealthstatus.Combinedwithlocalpracticalconditions,ithasforlongtakenvariousadministrative,legal,economicandtechnicalmeanstoenhanceanimalhealthmanagementinaccordancewithinternationallygeneralanimalhealthregulationsandpractice.Atpresent,Chinahasestablishedcomparativelysoundlegalandadministrativesystemsonanimalepidemicpreventionsupervision,entry&exitanimalquarantine,veterinarydrugsupervisionandfeedstuffmanagement.Capabilitiesinanimaldiseasemonitoring,reporting,controlanderadicationarestrengthenedmarkedly.Drugresidualcontrolinanimalproductsisgettingnormalized,diseaseincidenceandmortalityratearereducedsignificantly.Healthstatusofanimalsandanimalproductsareconstantlyimproved.Rinderpestandbovinecontagiouspleuropneumoniawereeradicatedrespectivelyin1955and1996.Scrapie,bovinespongiformencephalopathy,Africanhorsesickness,Africanswinefever,Swinevesiculardisease,lumpyskindisease,RiftValleyfeverandpestedespetitsruminantshaveneveroccurredinChina.1AnimalHealthAdministrationsandAnimalHealthLegalSysteminChina1.1AnimalHealthAdministrationsAccordingtotheChineselawsandregulationsconcerninganimalhealth,theMinistryofAgricultureofPeople’sRepublicofChina(MOA)isresponsiblefornationalanimalhealthwork.Itsdisciplinesandfunctionsincludeproposinglawsandregulationsonanimalepidemicpreventionandanimalquarantine,signinganimalhealthandquarantineagreementsandprotocolswithforeigncountries,workingouttechnicalcriteriaandstandards,conductingveterinaryadministration,managementofanimaldrugproductionandqualitycontrol,organizingandconductinganimalepidemicpreventionandquarantine,releasinganimaldiseaseinformationinChinaandcrackingdowntheoutbreakofanimaldisease.1.2AnimalHealthLegalSystemLawandregulationsinrelationwithanimalhealthmanagementinChinaincludemainly“LawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonAnimalEpidemicPrevention”,“LawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonEntry&ExitAnimalandPlantQuarantine”anditsimplementingregulations，“RegulationsonManagementofBreedingLivestockandPoultry”,“RegulationsonManagementofFeedstuffsandFeedAdditives”.Theabove-mentionedlawsandregulationsclearlyspecifythattheMinistryofAgriculturetakeschargeofnationalanimalepidemicprevention,entryandexitanimalquarantine,breedinglivestockandpoultrymanagement,veterinarydrugmanagementandfeedstuffandfeed-additivemanagement.The“LawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonAnimalEpidemicPrevention”isthefundamentallawofnationalanimalepidemicprevention.Thelawclearlyspecifiesthatthestatepracticestheprincipleofputtingpreventionfirstwithregardtoanimaldiseases.Italsomakesspecificspeculationsonanimaldiseasecontrolandelimination,animalquarantinesystemandanimalepidemicpreventionsupervision,soastoreinforceanimalepidemicpreventionmanagement,preventandeliminateanimaldiseasesandtopromotedevelopmentofanimalhusbandryandprotecthumanhealth.“LawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonEntry&ExitAnimalandPlantQuarantine”and“RegulationsforImplementationofLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonEntry&ExitAnimalandPlantQuarantine”,makespecificspeculationsonquarantineproceduresandquarantinemeasuresatimport，exportandtransitstages,andquarantinefortransportationmeansandthecarryingandpostgoodssoastopreventanimalandplantdiseasesandpestsfromintroductionintoandoutofthecountry,protectplantandanimalproductionandhumanhealth,andtopromotedevelopmentoftradewithforeigncountries.“VeterinaryDrugManagementRegulation”clearlyspecifiesspeculationsformanagementofveterinarydrugmanufacturingandenterprises,veterinarypharmaceuticalapplicationandmanagementinveterinaryclinicalandtreatmentservices,newveterinarydrugapprovalandregistration,managementofimportedandexportedveterinarydrugs,veterinarydrugsupervisionandqualitycontrol,veterinarydrugtrademarksandadvertisement.Theregulationspeculatesthatproductionlicensingsystemispracticedinveterinarydrugmanufacturingandlicensecodemanagementsystemispracticedforeachveterinarydrugproduct.Theveterinarydrugmanufacturingenterprisesshallmeettherequirementsspecifiedin“VeterinaryDrugProductionandQualityControlCode”(i.e.GMP)andqualityofveterinarydrugproductsshallmeetrequirementsin“ChinaVeterinaryPharmacopoeia”andtheVeterinaryDrugQualityStandardsissuedbyMOA.Withoutproductionlicenseandproductlicensecode,nounitsorindividualsareallowedtoproduceanddealwithveterinarydrugproducts,soastoensureveterinarydrugquality,controlanimaldiseaseseffectively,promotedevelopmentofanimalhusbandryandprotecthumanhealth.“BreedingLivestockandPoultryManagementRegulations”clearlyspeculatesthatthebreedinglivestockandpoultryproducerscannotapplya“LicenseforProductionofBreedingLivestockandPoultry”untiltheyhavehadsoundveterinaryhealthandpreventionconditions,andhavetakenenvironmentprotectionmeasures.“FeedstuffandFeedAdditiveManagementRegulation”clearlyspeculatesthatwhenproducingfeedstuffsandfeedadditive,veterinarydrugsandprohibiteddrugsshallnotbeadded.Nohormonesareallowedinmedicatedfeedadditives.Theregulationalsospecifiestheapprovingofnewfeedstuffsandnewfeedadditives,managementofveterinarydrugimportation,productionandmarketmanagementandqualitycontrolmanagement,soastoensurethequalityoffeedstuffandfeedadditive,promotefeedstuffindustryandanimalhusbandrydevelopmentandprotecthumanhealth.2Thepresentsituationofanimaldiseaseoccurrenceandthecontrolmeasures2.1CategoriesofAnimalDiseasesinChinaTheMinistryofAgriculturehasspeculatedthreecategoriesofanimaldiseases.(SeeAppendixI)2.2AnimaldiseaseoccurrenceinChinain1999In1999,theChineseGovernmentnotifiedFAO,OIEandthecountriesintheworldof20animaldiseasesoccurredinChinathrough“OfficialVeterinaryBulletin”.Theyarefootandmouthdisease,swinevesiculardisease,bluetongue,sheepandgoatpox,classicalswinefever,highlypathogenicavianinfluenza,Newcastledisease,porcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndrome,swinecysticercosis,anthrax,rabbithaemorrhagicdisease,fowlcholera,rabies,duckvirusenteritis,glanders,swineerysipelas,equineinfectiousanaemia,brucellosisandMarek’sdisease.2.2.1FootandMouthDiseaseoccurredinMay1999,respectivelyinNingdecityinFujianProvince,BaishacountryinHainanProvinceandRikezeprefectureinTibet,with1215infectedandsusceptiblecattleandpigs.Allthe1215animalswerekilled.TypeOviruswasdetectedandconfirmedbytheNationalKeyLaboratorytobethecauseofoutbreaks.Immediatelyupontheconfirmationoftheoutbreaks,thelocalgovernmentdefinedandblockedtheinfectedareas,slaughteredalltheinfectedanimalsandherds.Andemergentvaccinationwasconductedforallthesusceptibleanimalsintheinfectedareaanditssurroundingareas.Thecontaminatedandpossiblycontaminatedsites,articles,facilitiesandequipmentwerethoroughlydisinfected.Movementcontrolofanimalsin-and-outsidetheinfectedareawasimposedandvehiclesmovinginandoutofinfectedareaweredisinfected.6successivemonthsofmonitoringthesusceptibleanimalsintheinfectedareaandtheareawithina50-kmradiusshowedthatnonewoutbreakshadoccurred,andtheblockagewasthenliftedaccordingly.Topreventtheintroductionofthediseasefromoutsideintothecountry,ChinahasestablishedfootandmouthdiseasesurveillancezoneinareasdirectlyborderingwiththecountriesinSoutheastAsia,SouthAsiaandNorthAsiabutwithoutnaturalorgeologicalbarriers.Vaccinationagainstfootandmouthdiseasewillbeconductedinthesesareaswhennecessary.SwinevesiculardiseasedidnotoccurinChinain1999.BluetonguedidnotoccurinChinain1999.Highlypathogenicavianinfluenza(HPAI)NooutbreakofHPAIoccurredinChinain1999.Samplesaretakenanddetectedtwiceannuallyinallthepoultrykeepingestablishmentsandpoultrybreedingfarmsinparticular.Strictblockage,slaughteringanddisinfectingshallbeimposedupontheconfirmationofHPAI.Domesticandwildpoultryandtheirproductsincludinghatchingeggs,semen,poultry-derivedproductsandfeed,poultry-derivedpathologicmaterialsandbiologicalproductswhichcannotbeassuredtodestroyavianinfluenzavirusarestrictlyprohibitedtobeimportedandtransitedthroughourterritoryfromtheHPAIinfectedcountries(orzones).Importationfromavianinfluenzafreecountries(orzones)shallbeconductedinconformitywithconcernedentry-exitlawsandregulations.NewcastlediseaseIn1999,outbreaksofNewcastlediseaseoccurredinthefollowingprovincesinChina:Beijing,Gansu,Guizhou,Hainan,Hebei,Heilongjiang,Hubei,Hunan,Jiangsu,Jiangxi,InnerMongolia,Ningxia,Xinjiang,YunnanandChongqing.Thetotalnumberofcasesandbirdsintheinfectedflocksamountedto120000,andnearly60000died,themortalityratewas50%.37000birdswereslaughtered,accountingfor31%ofthecasesandbirdsintheinfectedflocks.Uptonow,outbreaksofNewcastlediseasemainlyoccurredinloose-raisingchickenflocksinthecountrysideandnoNDoutbreakshaveeveroccurredinthemodernintensivechickenfarms.RegularNDmonitoringisconductedinChina.WhenNDisdiagnosedorsuspected,immediateactionswillbetakeninconformitywithbio-safetytreatmentregulations.NoSheepandgoatpoxIn1999,39outbreaksofsheepandgoatpoxoccurredin11provinces(municipalitiesandautonomousregions):Fujian,Gansu,Hainan,Henan,Heilongjiang,Hubei,InnerMongolia,Ningxia,Qinghai,ShanxiandChongqing,affecting3733goatsandsheepwith446casesdiedand247slaughtered.Mainlygoatswereaffected,butsheepwereaffectedtooinQinghaiandHeilongjiang.Thediseaseoccurredalltheyearroundwithoutsignificantseasonalandregionaldifference.ClassicalswinefeverIn1999,13provincesinChinahadoutbreaksofclassicalswinefever,includingFujian,Gansu,Guangxi,Guizhou,Hebei,Henan,Heilongjiang,Hubie,Jiangxi,Qinghai,ShanxiandChongqing.Thetotaloutbreaksamountedto672intheyearwith415000cases;165000died(40%mortality)and80000slaughtered(19%ofthecases).2.2.2BrucellosisIn199916outbreaksofbrucellosisoccurredinChina,affecting765animals.Mainlygoats,andalsopigsandcattle,ofwhich,112diedand362wereslaughtered.TheinfectedprovinceswereHebei,Henan,Heilongjiang,Liaoning,Jilin,ShanxiandSichuan.Thediseaseisanotifiableandmust-controldisease.Comprehensivecontrolmeasuresof“detection,slaughteringandvaccination”withvaccinationasthemainactionarecarriedoutintheanimalpopulations.Epidemiologicalinvestigationsofserologyandetiologyareconductedannuallyasspeculated.AnthraxIn1999,therewereintotal23outbreaksofanthraxaffecting210animalsmainlypigandcattle,andalsogoats,with128diedand35animalsdestroyedandburied.TheaffectedprovincesincludeGuangxi,Guizhou,Heilongjiang,InnerMongolia,Qinghai,Yunnan.Anthraxisoneofthenotifiable,must-controlandmonitor-all-year-roundanimaldiseases.Itoccurssporadicallyoroutbreakslocally,mainlyinmountainareas,remoteareaswithpooranimalhealthconditionsandlackofmedicalandpreventionresources.Thediseaseisdistributedmostlyindraughtorfloodseasonsandareassufferingfromnaturaldisasters.Swineerysipelasoccurredsporadically,endemicallyorbrokeoutin1999in13provinces:Beijing,Fujian,Guangdong,Hainan,Henan,Heilongjiang,Hubei,Hunan,Jiangsu,Liaoning,Shandong,YunnanandChongqing,affecting8784animals.1604ofthemdiedand783wereslaughtered.Swinepasteurellosisoccurredin1999intheprovincesofAnhui,Guizhou,Henan,Heilongjiang,Hubei,Hunan,Jiangsu,Jiangxi,Shandong,Shanghai,SichuanandYunnan,affecting7233pigs,1728ofwhichdiedand1361wereslaughtered.PorcinereproductiveandrespiratorysyndromeoccurredinHenan,ShanxiandShanghaiin1999.TherewereoneoutbreakeachinHenanandShanxiand6outbreaksinShanghai.CasesinShanghaialoneaccountedfor87%oftotalinfectedpigsinthecountry.Itisanexoticdiseaseandmainlyoccurredinthebreedingfarmswhichhadfrequentlyintroducedbreedingstocks.Sincethereisnoeffectivevaccinetopreventthedisease,cullinganddestructionarethemainmeansimposedontheaffectedandpositivebreedingpigsandthebarnsarethoroughlycleanedanddisinfected.Meanwhile,strictentryandexitquarantinemeasuresareimplementedtopreventreintroductionofthedisease.3VeterinaryDrugResiduesControlinAnimalsandAnimalProductsInMarch1999,TheMinistryofAgriculture(MOA)laiddownthePlanofthePeople’sRepublicofChainfortheControlofVeterinaryDrugResiduesinAnimalsandFoodofAnimalOrigin,andatthesametimeformulated1999ImplementingSchemeofResidueControlandSampling.FromJunetoDecember1999,MOAorganizedveterinaryresiduemonitoringandcontrolinsomeregions.4174samplesweretakenfromdomesticpoultry,swine,rabbits,aquaticproductsandhoneyandtestedtotrace34kindsofpesticides,veterinarydrugs,heavymetalandhormones,includingClopidol,Clenbuterol,Sulphonamides,Stilbestrol,Hexachlorocyclo-hexane,DDTetc.Theresultsshowedthat3992sample(95.6%)werefreefromresidues;155samples(3.7%)hadresiduesbutbelowthemaximumresiduelimits(MRLs);27sampleshadresiduesabovetheMRLs.Meanwhile,273feed/watersampleswerecollectedfromfarmsandtested,ofwhich257sample(94.1%)hadnoresiduesofharmfulingredientsbutdrugadditivesin16sample(5.9%)wereabovethemaximumamountpermitted.Unqualifiedproductswerebannedandtherelatedenterpriseswerepunishedaccordingtoconcernedregulations.4AnimalHealthSupervision4.1SupervisioninAnimalRaisingTheanimalfeedingunitsarerequiredtomeetanimalhealthrequirementsspecifiedbyMOAandaresubjectedtothesupervisionandinspectionbyanimalepidemicpreventionsupervisionorgans.Animalhealthqualificationcertificateandproductionpermitsmanagementsystemsarepracticedinbreedinglivestockandpoultryfarms.AllthelivestockandpoultryfarmsshallbesubjectedtoregularandirregularinspectionsbyMOA.Ifthereisanyproblemsfound,theywillbetimelysolvedasrelevantregulationsspecified.Onlythosebreedingfarmswhichmeetthestate-speculatedstandardsareallowedtosupplybreedingstockstotheoutside.4.2SupervisioninSlaughteringandProcessingAnimalslaughteringhousesandprocessingestablishmentsshallmeettheepidemicpreventrequirementssetbytheMOA.Theslaughteredanimalsaresubjectedtoanteandpostmorteminspection.AnimalProductInspectionCertificatewillbeissuedandsignedtothequalifiedproductswhichwillthenbestampedandmarkedwithinspectionmarksauthorizedbytheMOApriortosaleandtransportation.4.3QuarantineInspectioninMarketPriortomarketing(orpriortodepartureofproducersormanufacturers)animalsandanimalproductsshallbesubjectedtoquarantineinspectionintheplacesofproductionbyanimalquarantineinspectorsfromanimalepidemicpreventionsupervisionorgansintheiradministeredareasandbegiven“AnimalQuarantineInspectionCertificate”or“AnimalProductsInspectionCertificate”whenpassedtheinspection.Whentheanimalsandanimalproductsareintendedtomoveoutofthecounties,theanimalepidemicpreventionsupervisionorgansatcountyleveloraboveshallexamine“AnimalQuarantineInspectionCertificateinthePlaceofOrigin”or“AnimalProductsInspectionCertificate”,andissued“AnimalQuarantineInspectionCertificateforMovementoutoftheCounty”or“AnimalProductsInspectionCertificateforMovementoutoftheCounty”onlythentheanimalsoranimalproductsareallowedtomoveoutsidethecounty.AnimalEpidemicPreventionSupervisionOrgansexercisesupervisionandinspectionoverthetransportationofanimalsandanimalproductsinrailways,highways,waterlinesorairports.AnimalsandanimalproductsforexportaresubjectedtoquarantineandinspectionattheportbyEntryandExitQuarantineandInspectionServicesinaccordancewiththeconcernedquarantineregulations,bilateralagreementsandquarantineprotocolssignedbetweenChinaandtheimportingcountriesorregions,andthosepassedinspectionwillbeprovidedwithquarantinecertificatesincluding“AnimalQuarantineCertificate”，“VeterinaryHygieneCertificate”etc..Thecustomswilllettheanimalsandanimalproductsgothroughbycheckingthecertificate.5DiseaseSurveillanceandReportingSystemChinahasestablishedastrictandeffectiveanimaldiseasesurveillanceandreportingsystem.Itisthesystemoffourlevels(National,Provincial,PrefectureandCounty)，reportingthediseaseinformationlevelbylevel.TheMinistryofAgricultureisresponsibletoannounceorreleasediseaseinformationinChinatotheWorld.Animaldiseasereportingincludeemergentreport,monthlyreportandannualreport.Theanimalepidemicpreventionsupervisionorgansatcountylevelshallwithin24hoursreporttotheMinistryofAgricultureinemergencythefollowing:1)OutbreakorsuspectedoutbreakofanimaldiseasesofcategoryI；2)FulminateepidemicdiseasesofcategoriesII,IIIandotherdiseases；3)Newlyemergingdiseases；4)Reoccurrenceofthediseasesthathadbeeneradicated.Provinces(AutonomousRegions,Municipalities)shallmonthlyandannuallyreporttheanimaldiseaseinformationtotheMinistryofAgricultureinmonthlyreportandannualreport.Inaddition,MOAsetover300animaldiseasemonitoringpoints,monitoringanimaldiseasesituation.ThemonitoringpointsreportthediseaseinformationdirectlytoMOA.ChinaisnotyettheOIEmembercountry,butshesendsacopyoftheOfficialVeterinaryBulletintoOIEeverymonth.6AnimalDiseaseEradicationandControlMeasuresStrictpreventionandcontrolmeasuresareimposedtothediseasesofCategoriesⅠ,ⅡandⅢspeculatedbystate.IncaseofoutbreakofCategoryⅠdiseases,thelocalveterinaryadministrationsatcountyorabovelevelshalldispatchpeopletotheplaceofoutbreak,defineinfectedpoint,infectedarea,anddistrictinrisk,collectpathologicmaterials,searchthesourceofinfectionandtimelynotifyandrequirethelocalgovernmenttotakeactionstoblocktheaffectedarea.Thepeople’sgovernmentsoflocalcountylevelandaboveshallimmediatelyorganizeconcernedgovernmentdepartmentsandveterinaryservicestotakecompulsorycontrolandeliminatingmeasuressuchasisolation,slaughtering,destroy,disinfectionoremergentvaccinationinordertoeliminatethediseasepromptlyandatthesametimenotifytheneighboringregions.Duringtheblockageperiod,noinfectedandsusceptiblyinfectedanimalsandanimalproductsareallowedtomoveoutoftheinfectedareaandanimalsfromfreeareasareprohibitedtoenterintoinfectedarea.Disinfectionandrestrictionmeasureswillbetakenforthepersonnel,vehiclesandconcernedgoodsmovingintoandoutoftheinfectedareaasrequiredbytheeliminationactivities.IncaseofoccurrenceofdiseasesofCategoryⅡ,thelocalveterinaryadministrationsatthecountyleveloraboveshalldefinetheinfectedpoints,infectedareaandareasinrisk.Thelocalpeople’sgovernmentsatcountyleveloraboveshallorganizeconcernedgovernmentdepartmentsandveterinaryservicestotakecontrolanderadicationmeasuressuchasisolation,slaughtering,destroy,disinfecting,emergentvaccination,in-and-outmovementrestrictionofsusceptibleanimals,animalproductsandrelatedgoodsasrequired.IncaseofoccurrenceofdiseaseofCategoryⅢ,thecountyandtownshippeople’sgovernmentsisresponsibletoorganizecontrolandeliminatingactivitiesaccordingtoanimaldiseasecontrolprogramandMOArulesandregulations.Note:Statist