考研英語歷年閱讀理解真題精析-2005年part4

考研英語歷年閱讀理解真題精析--2005年part4PartFourAmericansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationoflanguageandMusicandwhyWeshould,Like,Care,JohnMcwhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seethetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.MrMcwhorter'sacademicspecialityislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof"whom",forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,"doingourownthing,"hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960'seventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talking istriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.Mcwhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle, whyweshould,like,care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive-thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas,Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrychunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.Mcwhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationalreforms-heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish"onpaperplatesinsteadofchina"Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.AccordingtoMcwhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglishisinevitableinradicaleducationreformsisbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopmenthascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culturebroughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960sTheword"talking" (Line6,Paragraph3)denotesmodesty [B]personality [C]liveliness [D]informalityTowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?[A]Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.

ThedescriptionofRussians'loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor's[A]interestintheirlanguage. [B]appreciationoftheirefforts.[C]admirationfortheirmemory.[D]contemptfortheirold-fashionedness.Accordingtothelastparagraph,"paperplates"isto"china"as[A]"temporary"isto"permanent." [B]"radical"isto"conservative"[C]"functional"isto"artistic" [D]"humble"isto"noble"Unit12〔2005〕 Part4重點詞匯：1.degradation〔惡化，退化〕即de向下+grad=step級，步+ation名詞后綴宀逐步向下宀退化。Ageingisaccompanyiedbyaslowdegradationofhismentalfaculties. 他隨年紀(jì)增長，智力逐漸衰退2.linguist語言學(xué)家；通曉數(shù)國語言者〕即 lingu=tongue舌頭+istt玩轉(zhuǎn)舌頭的人t2.linguist語言學(xué)家；通曉數(shù)國語言者〕即 lingu=tongue舌頭+istt玩轉(zhuǎn)舌頭的人t語言學(xué)家。bilingual兩條舌頭t雙語者;multilingual 好多舌頭t通多國語言者。She'sanexcellentlinguist.她精通數(shù)國語言3.controversialist善辯者，好辯者〕即controversialist=contra反+versus轉(zhuǎn)+list。形容詞：controversial有爭議的4.conservative保守的〕Oldpeopletendtobeconservationintheirattitudes.4.conservative保守的〕Oldpeopletendtobeconservationintheirattitudes.老年人的看法往往保守ConservativeParty英國〕保守黨[聯(lián)想記憶]moderate溫和的radical激進的5.counter-culture〔反正統(tǒng)文化〕 指1960?70年代美國青年中形成的一種文化思潮,表現(xiàn)為反傳統(tǒng)生活方式和道德觀念

5.counter-culturecase-ending詞格尾綴case指語法中的格elevated〔高雅的，高尚的〕anevelvatedhighway高架路elevatedthoughts崇高的理想動詞：elevate提高genre〔[文學(xué)藝術(shù)等的]類型，流派〕Thenovelandshortstoryaredifferentgenres.長篇小說和短篇故事是不同的類別9.spontaneity〔自然，自發(fā)[動作]〕形容詞：spontaneous自然的，自發(fā)的aspontaneousgaietyofmanner天真愉快的神態(tài)Theeruptionofavolcanoisspontaneous. 火山爆發(fā)是自發(fā)的10.illustrate〔舉例說明〕 即il=on+lustr=bright 光明+ate〔v.〕10.illustrate說明。Awell-illustratedmagazine.有精美插畫的雜志說明。Awell-illustratedmagazine.doneacomparativeanyalysis.為說明我的觀點，我作了doneacomparativeanyalysis.為說明我的觀點，我作了比照分析chunk〔相當(dāng)數(shù)量〕I'vecompletedafairchunkofmyarticle. 我已經(jīng)把文章的一大局部寫完了elaborate〔精心制作的：詳述〕即e+labor勞動+ate宀勞動出來宀精工細(xì)作。 anelaborateplot精心籌劃的陰謀Youunderstandthesituation;Ineedn'telaborateanyfurther.你了解形勢，我無需贅述grieveover〔對...感到傷感、悲哀〕grav,grief=heary沉重，憂愁。It'snousegrievingoverpasterrors. 為以往的錯誤懊悔于事無補難句解析：Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationoflanguageandMusicandwhyweshouldlike,care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.該句子的主干是JohnMcWhorteseesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedecline。主語前的介詞短語inhislatestbook做狀語，book后有一個較長的書名充當(dāng)其同位語。主語和謂語之間為主語的同位語，對主語補充說明。本句的難點是對兩個同位語的把握。Mr.McWhorter'sacademicspecialityislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof"whom",forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregranttablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.本句是一個并列句，包含兩個以and連接的分句，其中第二個分句比較復(fù)雜：賓語是thegradualdisappearanceof"whom",后面是插入語forexample,接著是tobenaturalandnomoreregranttable，這一局部作上述賓語的補足語，最后是比較結(jié)構(gòu) nomore...than〔象...一樣不...〕。Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.句首的連詞while表示"雖然"，兩個even都表示讓步，同時加強了前后兩局部的比照；sincethen意思是"從那以后"，then指的是the1960s。本句的難點是對連詞以及時間副詞的理解。Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive-thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas該句子的主干是heacknowledgesthatallvarietiescanbeexpressive，謂語acknowledges后面是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。從句中主謂之間插入了介詞短語includingnon