考研英語大綱附錄3常用前后綴

考研英語大綱附錄3常用前后綴考研英語大綱附錄3常用前后綴考研英語大綱附錄3常用前后綴資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月考研英語大綱附錄3常用前后綴版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：附錄3常用的前綴和后綴，部分國家（或地區(qū)）、語言、國民及國籍表，洲名及常見縮寫詞一、常用的前綴和后綴1、常用前綴aero-：concerningtheairofaircraftplane-aeroplane飛機space-aerospace航空空間anti-：against；oppositeofnuclear-antinuclear反對核武器的matter-antimatter反物質war-antiwar反戰(zhàn)的auto-：oforbyoneselfbiography傳記–autobiography自傳criticism批評-autocriticism自我反省be-：totreatasthestatedthingfriend-befriend以朋友的方式對待；照顧little-belittle使顯得微小，輕視、貶低bi-：two；twice；doublelingual-bilingual雙語的；人cycle-bicyclebio-：concerninglivingthingschemistry-biochemistry生化sphere-biosphere生物圈by-，bye-：lessimportantproduce-by-produceway-byway偏僻小路；學科的次要領域，冷門centi-：hundredthpartgrade-centigrade?攝氏meter-centimeter厘米co-：together，withauthor-coauthor合著者，合著exist-coexist同時共存、和平共處col-：(usedbeforel)together，withlocation-collocation排列，配置，詞的搭配com-：(usedbeforeb，m，p)together，withpassion-compassion憐憫、同情con-：together，withcentric-concentric同一中心的、同軸federation-confederation結盟同盟，聯(lián)邦contra-：oppositediction-contradiction矛盾、否定反駁natural-contranatural違背自然的cor-：(usedbeforer)together，withrelate-correlate有相關性respond-correspond相符合相一致，相當類似通信counter-：oppositeact-counteract對抗、抵消attack-counterattack反攻、反擊cross-：across；goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthemcountry-crosscountry越野的breed-crossbreed雜種，使雜交de-：showinganopposite；toremove；toreducecode-decode譯碼、解碼、分析電子信號value-devalue貶值，貶低dis-：not；theoppositeofadvantage-disadvantage不利、劣勢、短處agree-disagree不同意、不一致、不適合honest-dishonest不誠實、不老實em-：(usedbeforeb，m，p)tocausetobecomebody-embody表現(xiàn)、象征；包括、包含power-empower授權、準許en-：tocausetobecome；tomakedanger-endanger危及、使遭受危險large-enlarge擴大、擴充放大ex-：former(andstillliving)minister-ex-ministerv輔助;服侍,部長wife-ex-wife前妻extra-：outside；beyondcurricular-extracurricular學校課程以外的ordinary-extraordinary奇怪；特別；額外，臨時fore-：inadvance，before；inoratthefrontarm-forearm前臂，預先武裝warn-forewarn預先警告；事先告知il-：(usedbeforel)notlegal-illegal非法literate-illiterate目不識丁、文盲的im-：(usedbeforeb，m，p)notmoral-immoral不道德、邪惡；放蕩的possible-impossible不可能、辦不到的；很難接受in-：notdirect-indirect間接地，婉轉的sensitive-insensitive感覺遲鈍，不友好的；麻木infra-：belowinarange；beyondred-infrared紅外線的structure—infrastructure基礎設施，基礎結構inter-：between；amongchange—interchange互換、互易；交替變換national—international國際的intra-：inside，within；intocity—intracity市內的department--intra-departmentir-：（usedbeforer）notregular—irregular不對稱、不規(guī)則的；不定期的responsible—irresponsible不負責kilo-：thousandgram—kilogram千克meter--kilometermacro-：large，esp.concerningawholesystemratherthanparticularpartsofeconomics—macroeconomics宏觀經濟學structure—macrostructure宏觀結構mal-：badorbadlyfunction—malfunction故障，障礙treat—maltreat虐待、濫用micro-：extremelysmallcomputer—microcomputer微機electronics—microelectronics微電子學mid-：middleday—midday中午night—midnight午夜mini-：small；shortbus—minibus小汽車skirt—miniskirt超短裙mis-：badorbadly；wrongorwronglyfortune—misfortune不幸，厄運；災難、災禍understand—misunderstand誤會誤解mono-：one；singleplane—monoplane單翼機tone—monotone單調的multi-：morethanone；manypurpose—multipurpose多種用途的，多目標national—multinational多國的，跨國公司non-：notresident--non(-)resident〉①不住在某地的②(指工作)不要求任職者住在工作地點的；不住在旅館等中的sense—nonsense胡說，無聊的事物out-：outside；beyondlive--outlive比(某人)長壽;活到(某事)已被遺忘door—outdoor戶外的露天over-：toomuch；above；additionalhead--overhead離地面的;頭頂上的;上空的,架空的time--overtime超出的時間;額外的時間費poly-：manycentric—polycentric多中心的syllabic—polysyllabic多音節(jié)的post-：laterthan；aftergraduate—postgraduate研究生的，生war—postwar戰(zhàn)后的pre-：before；inadvancepay—prepay預付war—prewar戰(zhàn)前的，在戰(zhàn)前pro-：infavorof，supportingAmerica--pro-Americaabortion--pro-abortion早產pseudo-：notreal；falsename—pseudonym假名，化名；筆名science—pseudoscience偽科學re-：again；backtotheformerstateunite—reunite重聚，再聯(lián)合use—reuse再用self-：bymeansofoneselforitself；of，to，with，for，orinoneselforitselfemployed--self-employedtaught--self-taughtsemi-：half；partlycircle—semicircle半圓形final—semifinal半決賽step-：notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohasremarriedmother—stepmother繼母children—stepchildren養(yǎng)子sub-：under，below；lessimportant；partofthestatedbiggerwholedivide—subdivide再分，細分section--subsection分部,分段,小部分,小單位,細分super-：more，larger，greaterthanusualmarket—supermarket超市natural—supernatural超自然的，超自然的現(xiàn)象tele-：atoroveralongdistance；byorfortelevisioncommunication—telecommunication電信screen--telescreentherm(o)-：concerningheatchemistry--thermochemistrymeter—thermometer溫度計trans-:across,onortotheothersideof;betweenAtlantic-transatlantic電視屏幕,熒光屏plant-transplant移植tri-:three;threetimesangular-triangular三角cycle-tricycle三輪車,機器三輪車ultra-:beyond;very,extremelymodern-ultramodern超現(xiàn)代化的sound-ultrasound超聲，超聲波un-:notcertain-uncertain不確定的fortunate-unfortunate不幸的，不幸的人under-:toolittle;belowdevelop-underdevelop(使)發(fā)展不完全,(使)顯影不足sea-undersea海面下的uni-:one,singerform-uniform制服，相同的，清一色的directional-unidirectional單向的，單向性的vice-:nextintherank;belowchairman-vice-chairman副委員長president-vice-president副總統(tǒng)，副校長2.常用后綴（1）名詞后綴-ability，-ibility能力able-abilityflexible-flexibility彈性,適應性,機動性,撓性-age時期post-postage郵費，郵資short-shortage不足-alarrive-arrival到達,抵達；物refuse-refusal拒絕-an，-ian，-arian員；人library-librarianmusic-musician-ance，-enceappear-appearancerefer-reference人-ancy，-encyemerge-emergency緊急情況expect-expectancy期望-ant，-ent人apply-applicant申請求職人correspond-correspondent通信員記者-cyaccurate-accuratcy精確的,準確private-praivit]privacy?隱居,獨處私事,隱私-domking-kingdom國王，界，領域free-freedom自由，自主權-ee人employ-employee雇工interview-interviewee接受面談者;被接見者-er，-or，-ar人paint-painterbeg-beggar乞丐-ery行為；身份、制度brave-braveryslave-slavery奴隸身份制度-ese人China-ChinaeseJapan-Japanese-ess人actor-actresswaiter-waitress-ful量hand-handful一把少數(shù)spoon-spoonful一匙的量-hoodchild-childhoodman-manhood成年,成年期;男子氣概-ics 學科electron-electronicslinguist言學家-linguistics語言學-ion，-ition，-ation物collect-collectionobserve-observation-ism主義Marx-Marxismsocialist-socialism-ist人psychiatry-psychiatristviolin-violinist-ity，-tycruel-cruelty殘忍,殘酷pure-purity純,純潔,純正,潔凈-mentmove-movementretire--retirement增加;發(fā)展,擴大-nessdark--darknesshappy--happiness-ologyclimate—climatology氣候學future—futurology未來學-ship關系friend—friendship友情、友誼scholar學者—scholarship學問學識，獎學金-sion，-ssion物decide--decisionexpand--expansion-thgrow--growth增加;發(fā)展,擴大wide--width寬度,闊度,廣度-ure狀態(tài)close—closure停業(yè)、關閉expose—exposure暴露曝光(2)動詞前綴-endeep--deepen變深,加深fast--fasten系緊,拴牢-ifyclass--classify分類;歸類simple—simplify簡化-ize，-ise使…怎么樣modern--modernize/modernizepopular--popularize/popularize(3)形容詞后綴-able，-ible的suit--suitablequestion--questionable可疑的;有疑問的-alnature--naturalstructure--structural-an，-arian，-iansuburb--suburbanCanada—Canadian人的-ant，-ent的differ--differentplease--pleasant-ary，-ory的advise--advisorycustom--customary-ateconsider--consideratefortune--fortunate-en的gold--goldenwood--wooden-ese的，人China--ChineseJapan--Japanese-free無..的care--carefreeduty--duty-free-fulcare--carefulpain--painful-ic，-ical的atom—atomic原子的psychology—psychological心理學的-ish的girl--girlish女孩子(似)的,少女的child--childish孩子的,孩子氣的,孩子所特有的-ivecreate--creative創(chuàng)造性的,有創(chuàng)造力的support--supportive支持的,擁護的;贊助的-less無…的hope--hopeless不抱希望的,絕望的pain--painless-likechild--childlike孩子似的,天真爛漫的lady--ladylike風度雍容如貴婦的,溫雅的-ly的man—manly剛強的month—monthly一月的月刊-ous，-ious的danger--dangerouspoison--poisonous-sometire--tiresome令人生厭的trouble--troublesome引起麻煩的,令人討厭的,令人煩惱的-ward向…的down--downward向下的,往下的up--upward-y的guilt-guilty內疚的；有罪的noise-noisy嘈雜的;喧鬧的(4)副詞后綴-lyeasy-easily容易地,不費力地heavy-heavily嚴重地;大量地-ward，-wardseast-eastward(s)向東north-northward(s)-wiseclock-clockwise順時針方向的other-otherwise除此之外，否則二、部分國家（或地區(qū)）、語言、國名及國籍表國家（或地區(qū)） 語言 國民 國籍America American AmericanAustralia Australian AustralianBrazil巴西 Brazilian BrazilianBritain英國人 English Briton BritishCanada Canadian CanadianChina Chinese Chinese ChineseEgypt 埃及Egyptian EgyptianEngland English Englishman EnglishFrance French Frenchman FrenchGermany German German GermanGreece Greek Greek GreekIndia Indian IndianIreland愛爾蘭 Irish Irishman IrishIsrael 以色列 Israeli IsraeliItaly意大利 Italian Italian ItalianJapan Japanese Japanese JapaneseTheNetherlands荷蘭 Dutch Dutchman DutchNewZealand 新西蘭 NewZealander Portugal葡萄牙 Portuguese Portuguese PortugueseRussia 俄國Russian Russian RussianScotland蘇格蘭 Scots,Scottish Scotsman Scots,ScottishSpain 西班牙Spanish Spaniard SpanishSweden 瑞典Swedish Swedish SwedishSwitzerland 瑞士 Swiss SwissWales 威爾士Welsh Welshman Welsh三、洲名名詞Africa非洲America美洲Antarctica南極洲Asia亞洲Australia澳洲Europe歐洲NorthAmerica北美洲Oceania大洋洲SouthAmerica南美洲四、常見縮寫詞形容詞AfricanAmericanAsianAustralianEuropeanNorthAmericanOceanicSouthAmericanBC,B.C. beforeChrist 公元前BS，BSc BachelorofScience 理科學士C° Centigrade 攝氏度cc cubiccentimeter 立方厘米CD compactdisk 光盤，激光唱片cf. confer(=compare) 試比較；參看cm centimeter 厘米Co company 公司c/o careof 由…轉交cp. compare 比較Dec. December 十二月dept.,Dept. department 部，司，局，系Dr,Dr. doctor 博士；醫(yī)生e.g. exempligratia(=forexample) 例如esp. especially 尤其是etal. etalia(=andothers) 以及其他等等etc. etcetera(=andtherest) 等等F Fahrenheit 華氏的Feb. February 二月Fri. Friday 星期五ft Foot,feet 英尺g,gm,gm. gram 克GMT GreenwichMeanTime 格林威治時間hr,hr. hour 小時ID identificationcard 身份證i.e. idest(=thatis) 那就是，即in. inch 英寸Inc. incorporated 股份有限的Jan. January 一月Jr. junior 小(用于姓名后)Jul. July 七月Jun. June 六月kg,kg. kilogram 千克，公斤km,km. kilometer 千米，公里l,l. liter 升lb,lb. libra(=pound) 磅Ltd. limited 有限的,股份有限m,m. meter 米MA MasterofArts 文科碩士Mar. March 三月min. minute 分鐘ml,ml. millimeter 毫升Mon. Monday 星期一Mr,Mr. Mister …先生Mrs,Mr