大學(xué)英語精讀 第三冊(cè) Unit Eight

UnitEight:DaydreamaLittleTextDaydreaminghasalwayshadreputation,butnowscientificresearchhasrevealedthatdaydreamingmayactuallyimproveyourmentalhealthandcreativity.Itcanevenhelpyouachieveyourdesiredgoals.DaydreamaLittleEugeneRaudsepp"Daydreamingagain,Barb?You'llneveramounttoanythingifyouspendyourtimethatway!Can'tyoufindsomethingusefultodo?"Manyyoungstershaveheardwordslikethosefromtheirparents.Anduntilrecentlythishostileattitudetowardsdaydreamingwasthemostcommonone.Daydreamingwasviewedasawasteoftime.Oritwasconsideredandunhealthyescapefromreallifeanditsduties.Butnowsomepeoplearetakingafreshlookatdaydreaming.Somethinkitmaybeaveryhealthythingtodo.Attitudestowardsdaydreamingarechanginginmuchthesamewaythatattitudestowardsnightdreaminghavechanged.Onceitwasthoughtthatnighttimedreamsinterferedwithourneededrest.Butthenresearcherstriedinterruptingthedreamsofsleepers.Theylearnedthatsleeperswhoaren'tallowedtodreamlostthebenefitsofrest.Theybecometenseandanxious.Theybecomeirritable.Theyhavetroubleconcentrating.Theirmentalhealthistemporarilydamaged.Tofeelwellagain,theymustbeallowedtodream.Nowresearchersarefindingthatdaydreamingmayalsobeimportanttomentalhealth.Daydreaming,theytellus,isagoodmeansofrelaxation.Butitsbenefitsgobeyondthis.Anumberofpsychologistshaveconductedexperimentsandhavereachedsomesurprisingconclusions.Dr.JoanT.Freyberghasconcludedthatdaydreamingcontributestointellectualgrowth.Italsoimprovesconcentration,attentionspan,andtheabilitytogetalongwithothers,shesays.Inanexperimentwithschoolchildren,thissameresearcherfoundthatdaydreamingledthechildrentopaymoreattentiontodetail.Theyhadmorehappyfeelings.Theyworkedtogetherbetter.Anotherresearcherreportedthatdaydreamingseemedtoproduceimprovedself-controlandcreativeabilities.Butthat'sonlypartofthestory.Themostremarkablethingaboutdaydreamingmaybeitsusefulnessinshapingourfuturelivesaswewantthemtobe.IndustrialistHenryJ.Kaiserbelievedthatmuchofhissuccesswasduetothepositiveuseofdaydreaming.Hemaintainedthat"youcanimagineyourfuture."FlorenceNightingaledreamedofbecominganurse.TheyoungThomasEdisonpicturedhimselfasaninventor.Forthesenotableachievers,itappearsthattheirdaydreamscametrue.Dr.HarryEmersonFosdickbelievedthatthewaywepictureourselvesisoftenthewayweturnout.Heofferedthisadvice:"Holdapictureofyourself…inyourmind'seye,andyouwillbedrawntowardit.Pictureyourselfvividlyasdefeated,andthatwillmakevictoryimpossible.Pictureyourselfaswinning,andthatwillcontributeimmeasurablytosuccess.Donotpictureyourselfasanything,andyouwilldrift……"Theexperiencesofsomeathletesseemtoconfirmthisbelief.Forinstance,JohnUelses,aformerpole-vaultingchampion,useddaydreamingtechniquesbeforeeachmeet.Hewouldimaginehimselfwinning.Hewouldvividlypicturehimselfclearingthebaratacertainheight.Hewouldgooverallthedetailsinhismind.Hewouldpicturethestadiumandthecrowds.He'devenimaginethesmellofthegrassandtheearth.Hesaidthatthisexerciseoftheimaginationleftmemorytracesinhismindthatwouldlaterhelphisactualperformance.Whywouldamentalvisionofsuccesshelpproducerealsuccess?Dr.MaxwelMaltz,asurgeonandauthor,saythis:"Yournervoussystemcannottellthedifferencebetweenanimaginedexperienceandrealexperience.Ineithercaseitreactsautomaticallytoinformationthatyougiveit……Itreactsappropriatelytowhatyouthinkorimaginetobetrue."Hebelievesthatpurposefuldaydreamingbuildsnew"memories"inthebrain.Thesepositivememoriesimproveaperson'sself-image.Andself-imagehasanimportanteffectonaperson'sactionandaccomplishments.Canyouusepurposefuldaydreamingtoshapeyourownfuture?Whynottry?Hereishowthosewhobelieveincreativedaydreamingrecommendgoingaboutit.Chooseatimewhenyoucanbealoneandundisturbed.Closeyoureyes,topermityourimaginationtosoarmorefreely.Manypeoplefindthattheygetbestresultsbypretendingthattheyaresittingbeforealargescreen.Theyprojectthedesiredimageofthemselvesontothatscreen.Nowpictureyourself——asvividlyaspossible——thewayyouwanttobe.Remembertopictureyourdesiredgoalsasifyouhadalreadyattainedthem.Gooverallthedetailsofthispicture.Seethemclearlyandsharply.Impressthemstronglyonyourmemory.Theresultingmemorytraceswillsupposedlystartaffectingyoureverydaylife.Theywillhelpleadyoutotheattainmenttoyourgoals.Ofcoursedaydreamingisnosubstituteforhardwork.Ifit'sathleticachievementyouwant,youalsohavetogetlotsofpracticeinyoursport.Youhavetoworkhardtodevelopskills.Ifit'sschoolsuccessyou'reafter,youcan'tneglectstudyingDaydreamingalonecan'tturnyouintoyourheart'sdesire.Butincombinationwiththemoreusualmethodsofself-development,itmightmakeacriticaldifference.Itcouldbethedifferencebetweenbecomingmerelygoodatsomethingandbecomingachampion.Ifwhatresearchersaresayingistrue,alifelivedwithoutfantasiesanddaydreamsisn'tasrichandrewardingaslifecanbe.Sotheysuggestsettingasideafewminuteseachdayfordaydreaming.Bysodoing,youmayimproveyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.Bytakingaten-orfifteen-minute"vacation"intotherealmofimaginationeachday,youmayaddmuchtotheexcitementandenjoymentofyourlife.Andwhoknows:Youmightseeyourowndaydreamscometrue.Newwordshostilea.unfriendly;belongingtoanenemy敵對(duì)的viewvt.consider,regardescapen.&v.逃跑；逃避nighttimea.occurringatnightinterferevi.getinthewayofanother干涉；妨礙interferencen.researchern.advantage,profit,goodeffect益處tensea.feelingorshowingnervousanxiety緊張的irritablea.easilyannoyedormadeangrymeansn.methodorwaypsychologistn.personwhohasstudiedorisskilledinpsychology心理學(xué)家contributevi.helpinbringingabout貢獻(xiàn)growthn.growing;developmentconcentrationn.concentratingorbeingconcentratedspann.lengthoftimeduringwhichsth.Continusesorworkswell一段時(shí)間self-controln.controlofone'sownfeelings,behavior,etc.creativea.havingthepowertocreate;inventiveremarkablea.deservingattention;unusual,outoftheordinary顯著的；非凡的shapevt.influenceanddeterminethecourseorformof形成，塑造industrialistn.oneowinganindustryorengagedinitsmanagementmaintainvt.stateorassertastrue;keepup斷言；維持picturevt.imagine;makeapictureofinventorn.apersonwhomakesuporproducessth.newnotablea.outstanding;worthyofnotice著名的；值得注意的achievern.onewhoachieves;winnervividlyad.inalivelymanner生動(dòng)地；逼真的vivida.immeasurablyad.toanextentordegreetoogreattobemeasured;beyondmeasuredriftvi.floatorbedrivenalongbywind,wavesorcurrents漂（流）athleten.personwhoistrainedandskilledinphysicalexercisesandwhocompetesingamesthatneedstrengthandspeed運(yùn)動(dòng)員pole-vaultingn.jumpingwiththehelpofalongpoleheldinthehand撐竿跳championn.personorteamtakingthefirstplaceincompetition冠軍meetn.(AmE)gatheringesp.forcompetitivesportsclearvt.getpastoroverwithouttouchingbarn.橫竿；桿；條狀物stadiumn.露天體育場tracen.markshowingthatsb.orsth.hasexistedorhappened痕跡memorytracechemicalchangeoccurringinthebrainwhennewinformationisabsorbedandremembered記憶痕（腦部吸收或記憶信息時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)變化）visionn.sth.seeninthemind'seye;thepowerofimagination想象（力）automaticallyad.自動(dòng)地；無意識(shí)地perly,suitablyappropriatea.purposefula.havingaconsciouspurposeself-imagen.viewofoneself自我形象pletelyandsuccessfullydone成就recommendvt.adviseorsuggest;speakfavorablyof建議；推薦soarvi.flyorgouphighintheair;rise翱翔；升騰screenn.whitesurfaceonwhichcinemafilms,TVprograms,etc.aresown銀幕；屏幕projectvt.causeapicturefromafilmorslidetofallonasurface,etc.映，投射goaln.one'saimorpurpose目標(biāo)attainvt.succeedinarrivingat,esp.aftereffort,reach獲得；達(dá)到attainmentn.theactofattaining;(usu.pl)sth.successfullyreachedorlearnt,esp.askillsubstituten.apersonorthingactinginplaceofanother代替者；代用品athletica.havingtodowithactivegamesandspor