2018年北京高考英語(yǔ)試卷

D.UntilD.Until2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（北京卷）第一部分:知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),45分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空 （共15小題 ;每小題 1分,共15分）從每題所給的A、RGD四個(gè)選中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上:將該項(xiàng)涂黑。例：it'ssonicetohearfromheragain,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.what'smoreThat’stosayInotherwordsBelieveitornot答案是 D。-Hi,I'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven'tseenyouaround ？-Hello,Peter.I'mBob.IjustonMonday.starthavestartedstartedhadstartedwedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.AlthoughWhileIfalongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperienceTravelTravelingHavingtraveledTraveledSusanhadquitherwell-paidjobandasavolunteerintheneighborhood.whenIvisitedherlastyearisworkingwasworkinghasworkedhadworkedSheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfitwhichwhoC.asD.thatDuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.sharetosharehavingsharedsharedChina'shigh-speedrailwaysfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.A.howA.howA.howA.howaregrowinghavegrownwillgrowhadgrownInanyunsafesituation,simplythebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.presstopresspressingpressedArescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho inthemountainsfortwodays.aretrappinghavebeentrappedweretrappinghadbeentrappedOrdinarysoap,correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.usedtouseusinguseWithouthissupport,wewouldn'tbewearenow.B.whenwherewhyIntoday'sinformationage,thelossofdata causeseriousproblemsforacompany.needshouldcanmustTheymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey afewmorekilometers.drovewoulddriveweretodrivehaddriven-Goodmorning,Mr.lee'soffice.-Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointmentnextWednesdayafternoon.foroninatThisismyfatherhastaughtme-toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.B.whichC.theD.what第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。TheHomelessHeroFormanyfindinganunattendedwalletfilledwith@00incashwouldbeasource（來(lái)源）oftemptation（誘惑）.Butthe16wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith17moreremarkable.Afterspottinga18onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe19toreturn.Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he20insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact （聯(lián)系）thedriver,onlyto21itcontained &00innotes,withanother均0insparechangebesideit.Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter22anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar'sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar-whichwasitselfworth 均5,000—inGlasgowcitycentre,theywere23tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas24.ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis25.Mr.Andersonsaid:“"Icouldntbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight26hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand27hedidn'ttakethewalletforhimself;hethoughtaboutothers28itsunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare29guysoutthere.

Mr.smithsact30muchofthepublicsattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson31abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.sattention.HealsowonpraisefromNowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto32moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000. “Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown33himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he'shaIjob34andallsorts,"Mr.Andersoncommented.ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing35.Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.hopeaimurgeeffortstilleveneveroncewalletbagboxD.parcelB.excitedB.excitedB.excitedB.excited19.partnercolleagueownerpolicemanturnedhidsteppedreacheddiscovercollectcheckbelievetakingleavingreadingwritingA.satisfiedC.saveC.saveC.amusedD.shockedsafemissingfoundseenservicesupportkindnessencouragement26.whenifwherebecause27.ratheryetalreadyjust28.A.toothoughagaininsteadhonestpoliterichgenerousgavepaidcastdrewlearnedpostedcaredheardborrowraiseD.earnofatforindetailschangesoffersapplicationslessonadventurechancechallenge第二部分:閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),40分）第一節(jié) （共15小題 :每小題 2分,共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的AB、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最仁選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AMyFirstMarathon（馬拉松）B.feltscaredB.feltscaredAmonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwasnotathletic”.TheideathatIwas"notathletic"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces（鞋帶）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted !Atmile3,Ipassedasign: GOFORIT,RUNNERS!Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（ 世俗標(biāo)簽）,Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner”.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor. —A.waswelltrainedC.madeuphismindtorunD.LosthopeWhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.Toshareapreciousmemory.Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?Hemadeit.Hequithalfway.Hegotthefirstprize.Hewalkedtotheend.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.BFindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation(航空)CenterIfyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey'restudyingintheclassroom.Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges（ 榮譽(yù)徽章）.AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated（模擬）flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit（ 駕駛艙）ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueof“downed"pilot.Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7.Stayanhourorstayaweek--thereissomethinghereforeveryone!Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineat.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?Toexperienceadventures.Tolookforjobsinaviation.Togetadegreeinengineering.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto.A.flytospace.B.getanAviationbadgefirst.C.studytheprinciplesofflight.D.buildandfiremodelrockets.Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?A.Leadership.B.Teamspirit.C.Taskplanning.D.Survivalskills.Plastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋場(chǎng) ），andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.qSofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste（糊狀物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass--apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes（酶fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood-beeswax--alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic"Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,"sheexplains."Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.JenniferDebruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（ 腸道微生物）？Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteamsfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess-notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic. ”Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.Theycanconsumeplastics.Theywindupinlandfills.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto. _identifyothermeansofthebreakdownfindoutthesourceoftheenzymeconfirmtheresearchfindingsincreasethebreakdownspeedItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight. —helptoraisewormshelpmakeplasticbagsbeusedtocleantheoceansbeproducedinfactoriesinfutureWhatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?Toexplainastudymethodonworms.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.DPreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobot carshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist'sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn'tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It'shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy-orevenworsen-thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing（ 叫車(chē)）services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues（ 責(zé)任與維護(hù)問(wèn)題）.Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn'textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople ,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsprovidebetterservicestocustomerscausedamagetoourenvironmentmakesomepeoplelosejobsAsfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor'smajorconcern?Safety.Sideeffects.Affordability.Management.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded"inParagraph4probablymean?Employed.Replaced.Shared.Reduced.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars ?Doubtful.Positive.Disapproving.Sympathetic第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhyDoWeGetAngry?Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering （觸發(fā)）events,personalitytraits （特征）,andourassessmentofsituations.51Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore._52Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.Eachperson.nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconncctwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.53Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred.Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative（消極的）out100ksonsituationscancreateanger.However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.第三部分：書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié),35分）第一節(jié)（15分）假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，你的英國(guó)朋友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他對(duì)中國(guó)文化感興趣，計(jì)劃明年來(lái)北京上大學(xué)。他向你咨詢(xún)相關(guān)信息。請(qǐng)給他回郵件 ，內(nèi)容包括：.表示歡迎;.推薦他上哪所大學(xué)；.建議他做哪些準(zhǔn)備工作。注意:1.詞數(shù)不少于50;.開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)DearJim,YoursLiHua（請(qǐng)務(wù)必將作文寫(xiě)在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)）第二節(jié)（20分）假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，寫(xiě)一篇英文周記，記述你們上周接待外國(guó)學(xué)生，帶領(lǐng)他們體驗(yàn)中國(guó)茶文化的全過(guò)程。注意：詞數(shù)不少于60。2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）英語(yǔ)參考答案第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)， 45分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空1.C2.C3.B4.B5.A6.B7.B8A9.D10.A11.C12.C13.D14.A15.D第二節(jié)完形填空16.C17.B18.A19.C20.D21.A22.B23.D24.A25.C26.A27.B28.D29.A30.D31.B32.B33.D34.C35.C第二部分閱讀理解36.C37.C38.A39.B40.A41.D42.B43.C44.B45.D46.C47.A48.D49.A50.B51.F52.G53.E54.A55.D第三部分書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35分）第二節(jié) 第二節(jié) （20分）第二節(jié) 第二節(jié) （20分）第一節(jié)第一節(jié)（15分）DearJim,I'msogladtohearyourfutureeducationplaninBeijinginyourlastletter.FirstIwouldliketoexpressmywarmestwelcometoyouandIamsure