現(xiàn)在完成時用法及練習(xí)

現(xiàn)在完成時用法及練習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時用法及練習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時用法及練習(xí)資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月現(xiàn)在完成時用法及練習(xí)版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)

詳細(xì)講解及其練習(xí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時由“have/has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，主要有兩個含義：①表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，常用的時間狀語有manytimes，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，sofar,bynow等。IhavealreadywatchedtheTVplay.我已經(jīng)看過這部電視劇了。（現(xiàn)在我對它不感興趣了）——Haveyoufoundyourlostpenyet——No,Ihaven’tfoundityet.（我很著急）②表示動作或者狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還將持續(xù)下去。用于延續(xù)性動詞，常常與sofar、for或者since短語連用。since+時間點/從句，for+時間段，如fortwomonths等。二、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和一般過去時態(tài)的區(qū)別1）現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都能表示過去發(fā)生過的動作，但現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，并且表示這一動作已完成或還可能繼續(xù)下去；2）而一般過去時與現(xiàn)在的情況沒有聯(lián)系，僅表示過去的動作，且這一動作到說話時已終止。因此現(xiàn)在完成時不能與表示明確的過去時間如：in1949，yesterday，lastweek等的狀語連用，并且用when或where對這些時間和地點狀語提問時，一般只用一般過去時。三、在“itisfirst/second...timethat...。”或在“it/this/thatisthe+最高級+名詞+that...。”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句中的動詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時；在“it+be...+since從句”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，be可用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時，since從句一般用過去時?，F(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用，表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：Ihaven'tseenhimfortwoyears.但是，像come,arrive,buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續(xù)性動詞來表述?，F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：

arrive→beheredie→bedead

begin(start)→beon

comeback→beback

fallill(sick,asleep)→beill(sick,asleep)

leave→beaway

getup→beup

finish→beover

open→beopen

close→beclosed

borrow→keep或beon→bein或beamemberof…

gotoschool→beastudent

buy→have

catch(acold)→have(acold)

begintostudy→study

gettoknow→know

cometowork→work等如：Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他參軍三年了。Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父親去世二年了。

Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。

WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我們（開始）學(xué)英語已三年了。幾點注意事項（1）havebeen(to)與havegone(to)的區(qū)別：havebeen(to)表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；havegone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once,never,

severaltimes等連用，后者則不能。HehasbeentoBeijing.他去過北京（已經(jīng)回來了）HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。（還沒有回來）have/hasbeenin待在某地如：TheyhavebeeninBeijing.他們呆在北京。（2）終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：Ihaven'tleftheresince1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒?，F(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)練習(xí)題一選擇填空。(

)2.Herfather______in1990andherhusband______formorethanfiveyears.(A)died,dead

(B)hasdied,dead(C)died,hasbeendead

(D)hasdied,hasdied(

)3.

Ihave_____thisnicewatchfortwoyears.

(A)had

(B)bought

(C)borrowed

(D)lend(

)_____hishomefortenyears.(A)hasleft

(B)leftfrom(C)hasbeenawayfrom

(D)wasawayfrom(

)_____aleaguememberforthreeyears(A)is

(B)hasbeen

(C)hasbecome

(D)havebecome(

)'sbrotherhas_______fortwoyears

(A)joinedthearmy

(C)becomeasoldier

(B)beenanarmy

(D)beeninthearmy(

)hasn't_____Quanzhoueversinceheleftschool(A)

left

(B)beenaway

(C)been

(D)away二選擇填空

(

)1.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework——Yes,I_______itlastnight(A)

finish

(B)finished

(C)havefinished

(D)willfinish()2.——________youever_______toNanjing——Yes,I______therelastyear.(A)Have…gone,havegone(B)Did…go,went

(C)Have…been,went(D)Did…go,has,been)(

)3.——When_______you________LucyinNewYork

——I_________herfortwoyears(A)

did…meet,haven'tseen

(B)did…meet,don'tsee

(C)have…met,

haven'tseen

(

)______finishedhishomeworkyet.(A)didn’t

(B)haven’t

(C)hasn’t

(D)doesn’thave

(

)5.——Haveyou________traveledonthebanch——Yes,Ihave.(A)just

(B)yet

C)never

(D)ever(

)6..——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework——Not__________(A)ever

(B)already.

(C)yet

(D)just.(

)7

Wehaven'tfinishedourhomework，_____.(A)already

((B)ever

(C)yet

(D)never(

)8.——Haveyou__________learnedEnglish——Yes,I've________learnedalot.(A)never,ever

(B)ever,never

(C)ever,already

(D)already.ever(

)9.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework________——Yes,I've_____donethat.(A)

yet,already

(B)already,yet

(C)ever,never

(D)still,just(

)'sfather_______borrowedsomepictures(A)hasjust

(B)haveever

(C)hasyet

(D)havealready三

用since和for填空（一）

1)______twoyears

_______twoyearsago

2)_______lastmonth

3)_______yesterday

4)_______anhourago5)______shelefthere

6)_______4o’clock

8)______1999

9)______4hours

10)_____lunchtime（二）1.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.2.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.3.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.4.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.5.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.四單項選擇題

(

)motherhasworkedinthisfactory_____2years.（A）about((B)for(C)in(D)since（)2.Hisfatherjoinedtheparty_________

(A)sincethreeyearsago

(B)intwoyears'time

(C)forthreeyears

(D)threeyearsago3.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,________A.sothey

B.don’tthey

C.havethey

D.haven’ttheycametoNanjingthreeyearsago,sowe________hereforthreeyears.A.havebeento

B.havebeenin

C.havebeen

D.havegoneHowlong______you_______yourdictionary-Abouttwomonths.

A.did;buy

B.have;get

C.have;had

D.have;bought6.Hetellsmehe________Chinaforoverfiveyears.A.hasbeen

B.hasbeenin

C.hasbeento

D.hasgonetoChina

MrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe_______toNanjing

A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,got

C.Howlong,