英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)題

英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)題英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)題英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)題資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)題版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：高一英語(yǔ)專題培優(yōu)——閱讀理解解題技巧考綱解讀：閱讀理解是英語(yǔ)考試中的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)信息的搜集、加工能力。新的高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱明確規(guī)定："側(cè)重提高閱讀能力"。英語(yǔ)考試大綱規(guī)定，考生應(yīng)能：(1)理解主旨和要義；(2)理解文中具體信息；(3)根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；(4)做出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推理；（5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；（6）理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。命題探究：選材特點(diǎn)：廣東省高考閱讀理解解題選材，一般遵循三個(gè)原則：文章一般為4篇，閱讀量在2500個(gè)單詞左右；題材廣泛，包括科普、社會(huì)、文化、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等多方面內(nèi)容；體裁多樣，包括記敘文、說(shuō)明文、應(yīng)用文、論述文等。題目類型：高考中的閱讀理解一般分為四大類：細(xì)節(jié)題、猜詞題、推斷題以及主旨題題目特點(diǎn)：無(wú)論哪一類題都一定能在文中找到依據(jù)。每篇文章的5個(gè)小題正確答案的關(guān)鍵信息按照短文出現(xiàn)的先后順序依次排列。如第2題的關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)在第二段中，那么第3題的關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)很可能就會(huì)在第三段中，而在第一段的可能性就很小。主旨大意題和寫作目的題一般都安排在第5小題。閱讀水平的提高不是一兩天的閱讀就可以見效的。想要提高閱讀能力，一是要培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀行為習(xí)慣提高分?jǐn)?shù)技巧：1.抓好限時(shí)訓(xùn)練同學(xué)們可以通過(guò)限時(shí)訓(xùn)練有計(jì)劃、循序漸進(jìn)地提高自己的閱讀速度。做閱讀理解訓(xùn)練時(shí)，嘗試在原文中劃出答案出處，這能幫助我們?cè)陂喿x時(shí)以文章為依據(jù)，而不憑空猜想。2.養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)訓(xùn)練時(shí)要養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣。首先要避免“指讀”。很多學(xué)生喜歡用手或筆指著文字讀，這種閱讀習(xí)慣容易使思維停留在手指著的局部單詞上，會(huì)阻礙對(duì)中心思想的理解。而且這種方法比默讀慢得多，會(huì)影響閱讀的速度。其次要避免出聲閱讀。嘴唇隨著文字而蠕動(dòng)或發(fā)出細(xì)小的聲音都會(huì)大大地影響閱讀速度。還要避免過(guò)多地停頓回讀。在閱讀過(guò)程中由于對(duì)某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)或句子不太明白，眼睛過(guò)多地重復(fù)同一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)或句子，這樣既影響閱讀速度，又影響對(duì)文章的連貫理解和較好地獲取中心意思，而且易使眼睛和大腦疲勞。3.掌握適當(dāng)?shù)拈喿x技巧常見的閱讀方法有三種：（1）先文后題。即先把全文讀懂，然后做題。這種方法的缺點(diǎn)是閱讀的目的性不明確，記住的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容未必有用，有用的內(nèi)容未必記住。答題時(shí)仍需到短文中去尋找，實(shí)際上等于降低了讀速，降低了效率。（2）先題后文。即先讀問(wèn)題，然后帶著問(wèn)題讀文章。這種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是目的明確，在閱讀時(shí)有所側(cè)重，能節(jié)省時(shí)間。該法比較適合類似廣告性質(zhì)的閱讀理解題。缺點(diǎn)在于由于沒(méi)有讀過(guò)短文，不了解文章的主題、細(xì)節(jié)分布情況，因而不可能很快找到所需信息，有時(shí)很有可能斷章取義，不利于做推理題和主旨大意題。（3）文——題——文。即先快速通讀全文，對(duì)文章形成總體印象，了解全文的題材、主要結(jié)構(gòu)、中心思想、主題段、主題句，然后讀問(wèn)題，明白該文章的考查點(diǎn)，最后，再帶著問(wèn)題跳讀文章，尋找與答題內(nèi)容有關(guān)的詞句，這樣既提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確性，又能有效地利用時(shí)間。因此，文——題——文閱讀理解方法是多數(shù)人采用的，可提高閱讀速度的有效方法。4.積累文化背景知識(shí)英語(yǔ)閱讀能力的提高不僅需要一定的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，還要有一定的文化背景知識(shí)和生活知識(shí)。這就需要我們通過(guò)大量的閱讀來(lái)積累。我們要拓展知識(shí)面，注意社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)。我們了解的東西越多，知識(shí)面越寬，對(duì)文章的理解就越容易。5.注重長(zhǎng)難句的理解近幾年的高考閱讀理解題十分注重借助復(fù)雜語(yǔ)境考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)法知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用的能力。所選閱讀材料中常有大量復(fù)雜單句和復(fù)合句，以此來(lái)增強(qiáng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性和語(yǔ)境理解難度。所以，理解長(zhǎng)句、復(fù)雜句成了考生順利理解閱讀材料，提高閱讀速度的關(guān)鍵。一般地說(shuō)，造成長(zhǎng)難句的原因主要有三個(gè)方面：（1）修飾語(yǔ)過(guò)多；（2）并列成份多；（3）語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)層次多。在分析長(zhǎng)難句時(shí)應(yīng)采用“先縮后擴(kuò)”的方法。先縮，即首先找出句子的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，這樣就抓住了句子的主干，也就從整體上把握了句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。后擴(kuò)，分析句子主干以外的從句或短語(yǔ)的功能以及和主干的相互關(guān)系。例如：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的成分是什么，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是哪個(gè)，定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞是哪一個(gè)，介詞短語(yǔ)修飾哪個(gè)詞，and連接的是哪些并列成分等等。英語(yǔ)有句諺語(yǔ)Practicemakesperfect，同學(xué)們?nèi)绻芸茖W(xué)訓(xùn)練，持之以恒，閱讀水平就會(huì)有質(zhì)的飛躍。第一節(jié)：閱讀理解之事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題分析解讀：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題是閱讀理解中最常出現(xiàn)的題型，這類試題旨在考查學(xué)生對(duì)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的理解。主要針對(duì)who,what,which,why,how,when,where等來(lái)提問(wèn)，可能只針對(duì)文章中的某一特定的細(xì)節(jié)，也可能涉及若干個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。很多同學(xué)在做這種題目時(shí)比較喜歡在選項(xiàng)中尋找原文中的句子，但往往照抄原文的句子并不一定是正確選項(xiàng)。做這類題目時(shí)，應(yīng)關(guān)注選項(xiàng)和原句的細(xì)微差別，選擇與原文意思和所問(wèn)問(wèn)題都相符的答案。解題時(shí)注意以下兩點(diǎn)：用題干或選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中搜索（尋讀）找到題眼，迅速鎖定相關(guān)詞句或信息點(diǎn)，這是解題的依據(jù)所在。如果題干中含有否定意義的詞語(yǔ)，如有not，except等，要特別留心。解題技巧：解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問(wèn)題通常是對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，所提問(wèn)題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞常有：what，who，which，where，how，why等。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)類題目常見的設(shè)問(wèn)方式：Whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?Whichofthefollowingstatementiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?Allthestatementsaretrueexcept______Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage?

Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept_______Choosetherightorderofthispassage.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)…Thereasonis_______Fromthepassageweknowthat________5.解題要領(lǐng)：仔細(xì)閱讀材料，尋找答案來(lái)源；看準(zhǔn)題目要求，避免干擾項(xiàng)；對(duì)比相似表達(dá)，正確使用排除法。典型例析：一、Wh-疑問(wèn)詞提問(wèn)題：例1：AFrenchtouristhighlypraisedforrescuingatwo-year-oldgirlinManhattansaidhedidn’tthinktwicebeforedivingintothefreezingEastRiver.Tuesday’sDailyNewssaid29-year-oldJulienDuretfromFranceisthemanwholeftthespotquicklyaftertherescuelastSunday.HeliftedthelittlegirloutofthewateraftershefelloffthebankattheSouthStreetSeaportmuseum.Hehandedthegirltoherfather,DavidAnderson,whohaddivedinafterhim.Q：WhodivedafterDuretintotherivertosavethelittlegirl?

A.DavidAndersonB.Apasser-byC.HisgirlfriendD.Ataxidriver例2：Lyinginthesunonarock,thecougar(美洲獅)sawJebandhisson,Tom,beforetheysawit.Jebputhisbagdownquicklyandpulledhisjackedopenwithbothhands,makinghimselflookbigtothecougar.Itworked.Thecougarhesitated,readytoattackJeb,butreadytoforgetthewholething,too.Q:WhydidJebpullhisjacketopenwhenhesawthecougar?

A.Togetreadytofight.B.Tofrightenitaway.C.Toprotecttheboy.D.Tocooldown技巧：在題干中尋找線索詞，并注意題干中的名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等實(shí)詞，找出線索詞在文中出現(xiàn)的位置。二．排序題例：Inthe19thcenturyEnglandpeoplelikedtogototheseaside.Inthosedays,ladiesworelongbathingdresses,andmenworebathingsuits.Womendidnotwalkaboutonthebeach(沙灘)intheirbathingdresses.Theyhiredabathingmachine.Abathingmachinewasusedforchangingin,andfortakingthebatherdowntothesea.Itcost2pence(便士)tohireamachineandanattendant(侍者).Whenshehadpaid,thebatherclimbedupthebackstepsandgotintothebathingmachine.Thenshechangedintoherbathingdress.Whenshehadchanged,themachinewaspulleddowntothesea.Thebathingmachinestopedinthewaterandthebatherwentdownthefrontstepsintothewater.Ifshedidnotwanttogetintothesea,theattendantpulledherin.Q:In19thcenturypeoplewhousedthebathingmachineusuallydidthefollowingthings.Whichistherightorderfordoingthem?

a.Changingintobathingclothesb.Gettingoutofthebathingmachinec.Paying2penced.Gettingintothebathingmachinee.Beingtakendownthebeachf.GettingintothewaterA.e,d,a,b,f,cB.c,d,a,e,b,fC.c,d,e,a,b,fD.d,a,e,b,f,c[分析]答案B題目要求找出利用bathingmachine游泳的程序，顯然，租用一個(gè)bathingmachine是要先付錢的，所以c就是第一個(gè)動(dòng)作，下水f應(yīng)該是最后一個(gè)動(dòng)作了。這樣用排除法就可以排除A和D項(xiàng)。再看B和C項(xiàng)，從第一段倒數(shù)第三句可知先a后e，故選B。技巧：先找出最早的一個(gè)時(shí)間和事件，把它作為事件發(fā)生的具體點(diǎn)，然后使用排除法將范圍一一縮小，從而快速地選出正確答案。練一練：Whentherightmixtureofcosmicdust(宇宙塵)comestogethernearayoungstar,aplanetbeginstoformslowly,theplanetcreatesitsowngravity(重力).Thatallowstheplanettopullmaterialfromthediskofgasesandothermatterfloatingaroundthestarandgrow.Q:Whichofthefollowingshowstherightorderofaplanet’sformation(形成)

a,thatallowstheplanettopullmaterialb,slowly,theplanetcreatesitsowngravityc,matterfloatingaroundthestarandgrow.d,whentherightmixtureofcosmicdustcomestogethernearayoungstarA．b,a,c,dB.b,a,d,cC.d,b,c,aD.d,b,a,c三、計(jì)算題例1：ViewingPlatformPenguinPlus(+V)Morepersonalizedwildlifeviewinglimitedto130peopleprovidingcloserviewingofthepenguinarrivalthanthemainviewingstands.Adults$25.00Child$12.50Q:Howmuchwouldacouplewithonechildpayforacloserviewingtour?

A.$37.50B.$62.50C.$180.00D.$150.00技巧：計(jì)算題也是近幾年高考中?？嫉膬?nèi)容，此類試題是在文章中直接表現(xiàn)出來(lái)細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)，有的要經(jīng)過(guò)具體的計(jì)算才能夠得出正確的答案。具體的計(jì)算題可以是對(duì)年代的計(jì)算、月份的計(jì)算或比例的計(jì)算等。文章中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多數(shù)字，它們對(duì)解題產(chǎn)生一定的影響。解答此類試題的方法是先來(lái)理解文章的大意，然后經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)比、分析、計(jì)算等就能夠得出正確的答案了。練一練：Weofferawidechoiceofbachelorsdegrees(學(xué)位)forinternationalstudents,whichincludes:Arts,CommunicationStudies,SocialSciences,etc.BachelorofMusicandBachelorofEducationareonlyforNewZealandcitizens,forfurtherinformation:deg@waikato.ac.nz.TuitionFees(學(xué)費(fèi))Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment,generallyfrom$5,000to$6,000ayear.Forfurtherinformation:tui@waikato.ac.nz.Accommodation(住宿)Youcanhavearoomina4-bedroomflat,whichwillcostabout$100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout$150amonthforoneperson.Forfurtherinformation:acc@waikato.ac.nzHealthTheStudentHealthServiceprovidesexcellentmedicalservicesforstudents.TheMedicalCentreisopenfivedaysaweek,includingstudentholidayswithfourdoctor'sandnursestomeetyourmedicalneeds.Forfurtherinformation:heal@waikato.ac.nz.SportsTheCentreisagreatplacetohavesportsactivities.Trainedexerciseteacherscanhelpyouworkoutatrainingplanandkeepyouactive.Thesportshallhasvolleyball,basketballandindoorfootballcourtsandaswimmingpoolaswell.TherearealsoalargenumberofsportsclubsatWaikato.Forfurtherinformation:sport@waikato.ac.nz（2005安徽卷）Q:Youhavetopayatleast______ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofA.$5,250

B.$8,000

C.$9,000

D.$11,000[分析]B此題為計(jì)算題。我們從所選的這些事實(shí)來(lái)看，文章中所說(shuō)的TuitionFees每年需要from$5,000to$6,000，而a4-bedroomflat,whichwillcostabout$100amonth，一年需要$1200,另外的otherregularlivingcostsofabout$150amonthforoneperson經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算可以知道一年需要$1800，加起來(lái)一年至少需要$8000。四、判斷正誤題例.Inourclassroom，weworkinvariousways．Thepupilsoftenworkingroups.Thisgivesthemtheopportunitytolearntocooperate，toshare，andtodevelopleadershipskills.Theyalsolearnhowtodealwithproblemsaswellaslearninghowtothink，tomakedecisions，toanalyzeandevaluate，andtocommunicateeffectively．Thepupilslearnfromeachotheraswellastheirteachers．Q:WhichofthefollowingisNOTMENTIONEDinthisparagraph?

A.Groupworkgivespupilstheopportunitytolearntoworktogetherwithothers.B.Pupilsalsolearntodeveloptheirthingingabilities.C.Groupworkprovidespupilswiththeopportunitytolearntobecapable（能干的）organizers.D.Pupilsalsolearnhowtotakepartinteachingactivities技巧：1.審題:確定選正/誤。2.定位：查找原文中與選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞句3.三誤一正：對(duì)原文同義表達(dá)的為正確答案.如果定位困難,可以運(yùn)用排除法，這樣找到答案的可能性就會(huì)增加。4.為節(jié)省時(shí)間,通常找到答案就不再考慮其他選項(xiàng)。練一練：Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.Q:whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.以偏概全C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.總結(jié)：細(xì)節(jié)題的正確選項(xiàng)通常有以下特征：再現(xiàn)原文。對(duì)原文進(jìn)行改寫。對(duì)原文中的復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化正話反說(shuō)、無(wú)中生有（適用于三正一誤的是非題）細(xì)節(jié)題的干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：是原文，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。偷換概念,使選項(xiàng)看似原文再現(xiàn)。3.根據(jù)讀者主觀想象或推測(cè)得出結(jié)論，而文中無(wú)涉及。細(xì)節(jié)題解題思路：通讀全文2.認(rèn)真審題3.搜讀定位4.確定答案實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：AAdoctorwasonceteachingaclassofmedicalstudentsatafamoushospitalinEdinburgh.Aninjuredmanwasbroughtin,andthedoctorturnedtooneofthestudentsandaskedhim,“What’swrongwiththisman”

“Idon’tknow,sir“thestudentanswered.“ShallIexaminehimandfindout”“There’snoneedtoexaminehim”,saidthedoctor,“Youshouldknowwithoutaskingquestions.Hehashurthisrightknee.Didn’tyounoticethewayhewalkedHehurtitbyburningitinthefire.Youseehistrouserlegisburntawayattheknee.ThisisMondaymorning.Yesterdaywasfine,butonSaturdaytheroadswerewetandmuddy.Theman’strousersaremuddyallover.ThemanfelldownonSaturdaynight.Thedoctorthenturnedtothemanandsaid,“YouhadyourwagesonSaturdayandwenttoapublichouseanddranktoomuch.Yougotwetandmuddyonthewayhome.Becauseyouhaddrunktoomuch,youfellonthefireandburntyourknee.Isthatright”

“Yes,sir.”saidtheman.1.Themedicalstudentswerehavingalesson______________.A.inaclassroomB.atthelibraryC.atawell-knownhospitalD.amedicalschool2.Themanhurthisknee_______________.A.onSaturdaynightB.yesterdayC.onMondaymorningD.onFridaynight3.Themanburnthisknee_______________.A.whenhewasonhiswaytothehospitalB.becausehehaddranktoomuchandfellonthefireC.becausehewascoldD.becausehewasill4.WAGEinthefourthparagraphmeans_______________.A.holidayB.moneypaideveryweekC.carsD.servants5.Thedoctorwasgoodat_______________.A.learningfromothersB.takingcareofothersC.watchingandthinkingD.teachingcabbcBThomasAdamsdiscoveredbubblegum(泡泡糖)inthe1870s.HewasanAmerican.Hewantedtofindauseforchicle(糖膠樹膠).ChicleisaSpanishwordforstickywaterthatcomesfromonekindofMexicantree.MrAdamswantedtomakerubberfromchicle.MrAdamsworkedinhishomewhilehetriedtofindawaytomakethechiclestronger.Hisson,Horatio,alsohelpedhimnowandthen.Oneday,youngHoratiobegantochewthechiclewhilehewatchedhisfatherwork.Itdidnottasteverygood,butHoratioenjoyedchewingit.Thentheyoungboybegantoblowbubbleswiththenewchiclewhichhisfatherhadmade.MrAdamshaddiscoveredbubblegumbyaccident.MrAdamsgaveuptryingtofindawaytomakerubberfromchicle.Instead,hewantedtotryandsellthenewgumthathehadmade.Hethoughtotherpeoplemightlikethetastetoo.Hebegantoseehisnewkindofchicleascandy.Innotime,childreneverywherebeganchewingbubblegum.1.WherewasThomasAdamsfromA.CanadaB.TheUnitedStatesC.EuropeD.England2.WhowasHoratioAdams?A.Thomas'sfatherB.Thomas'swifeC.Thomas'sbrotherD.Thomas'sson3.WhatwasThomasAdamstryingtomakeA.Anewkindofrubber.B.Anewkindofchicle.C.Anewkindofcandy.D.Electriclight.4.WhydidThomasAdamswanttosellbubblegum?

A.Hissonenjoyedchewingit.B.Hethoughtmanypeoplewouldlikeit.C.Hecouldnotmakestrongrubberfromchicle.D.allofabove5.Whichofthesesentencesisnottrue?A.Horatiohelpedhisfather.B.ThomasAdamsmaderubberfromchiclebyaccident.C.Horatiowasthefirstpersontochewbubblegum.D.ThomasAdamsnevermaderubber.BdadbCYoucanseeabelltowerthatleans(傾斜)inthetownofPisa,Italy.WhatdoesitleanagainstNothing.It'scalledtheLeaningTowerofPisa,andit'sbeenleaningmoreeversinceitwasbuiltabout700yearsago.SomesaythatlongagothegreatItalianscientistGalileodroppedweightsfromthetowertolearnhowfastthingsfall.Eventhen,thetowerwasaleaningtower.Andtoday,littlebylittle,onesideofthetowerkeepsonsinkingintothesoftground.TheLeaningTowertips(傾斜)aboutanincheverynineyears.Thefartheritleansoutofline,thefasterittips.Youcanclimbstairstothetopofthetowerandseethebellsthatoncecalledpeopletoanearbychurch.Butnooneringsthebellnow.Theclang(鏗鏘聲)mightmakethetowerfallfaster.ThegovernmentofItalyonceofferedaprizeforthebestplantokeepthetowerfromfallinganyfarther.Somepeoplehaveideas,butnothinghasbeendoneyet.IftheLeaningTowereverfalls,itwillbetheendofwhatsom1.TheLeaningA.becausefamousrightafteritwasbuiltB.leansagainsttowerC.wasbuiltaboutsevencenturiesagoD.nolongertipstoday2.WhatdoyouknowaboutGalileo?A.HewasagreatphysicistwhobuilttheTower.B.HewaswellknownfordesigningtheTower.C.HedrewaveryfamousexperimentontheTower.D.HedesignedagoodplantoadjusttheTower.3.NobodyringsthebellsintheTowernowbecause_______________.A.thereissomethingwrongwiththebellsB.peopleinthetownareannoyedbytheringingbells.C.nobodyneedstobecalledtothechurchD.theclangmightmaketheTowertipfaster4.WhichofthefollowingsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A.ThereasonwhytheLeaningB.TheconditionoftheLeaningC.TheplansthatpeopleoffertopreventtheTowerfromleaning.D.ThemeasuresthatthegovernmenthastakentokeeptheTowerfromfalling.5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_______________.A.peopleliketheLeaningB.itisverydifficulttostopthetowerfromleaningC.eveniftheTowerfalls,thesevenwonderswillstillexistD.theItaliangovernmentdidn'tofferanyprizeforthebestplanccdabDCharliewassenttorepairthetelephoneinacollege.Hestoppedhiscaroutsidethegateandwalkedthroughawideboulevardwhileaprofessorandhisstudentswerestandingaroundthecollegeflagpoleinfrontoftheteachingbuilding.Hestoppedtowatchwhattheyweredoingthere.“Weneedtoknowhowhightheflagpoleis,"saidtheprofessortohisstudents."Whohasabetterwaytocalculateit”

Theyoungmenbegantodiscussit.Theyfoundseveralways,buttheprofessornegatedthemall.Charliebegantolaughandcameuptotheflagpole.'"Watch!"saidtheyoungman.Helaidtheflagpoleonthegroundandmeasureditwithatapeandthensaid,“Exactly15.12meters."Thenhereplacedthepoleandwalkedaway.“Whatasillyidea!"theprofessorsaidangrily."Wewonderhowheightitis.Buthegaveusthelength!"1.Charliewasa_____________.A.teacherB.professorC.repairmanD.postman2.Charliewenttothecollege____________.A.bybusB.onfootC.bybikeD.bycar3.Theprofessorwasgoingto___________.A.puttheflagpoledownB.teachhisstudentstocalculatetheflagpole'sheightC.makeanewflagpoleD.showhisstudentshowtomeasuretheflagpole4.Theunderlinedword"negated"means___________.A.encourageB.notagreeC.praiseD.know5.Charlielaughedbecause____________.A.hewasgoodwithmathB.hethoughttheprofessorwassillyC.hecouldeasilyknowtheflagpole'sheightD.heknewmorethantheprofessorcbdbcELastsummerIwentthroughatrainingprogrammeandbecamealiteracyvolunteer(掃盲志愿者).ThetrainingIreceived,thoughexcellent,didn’ttellmehowitwastoworkwitharealstudent,however,whenIbegantodiscoverwhatotherpeople‘sliveslikebecausetheycouldn’tread,Irealizedthetrueimportanceofreading.ThefirststudentMariewasa44-year–oldsinglemotherofthree.Inthefirstlesson,Ifoundoutshewalkedtwomilestothenearestsupermarkettwiceaweekbecauseshedidn’tknowwhichbustotake.WhenItoldherIwouldgetherabusschedule（時(shí)刻表）,shetoldmeitwouldnothelpbecauseshecouldn’treadit.Shesaidshealsohaddifficultyonceshegottothesupermarketbecauseshecouldn’talwaysrememberwhatsheneeded.Sinceshedidn’tknowwords,shecouldn’twriteoutashoppinglist.Also,shecouldonlyrecognize(認(rèn)出)itemsbysight,soiftheproducthadadiffere